B-lymphocytes govern the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Volumn 13, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 2071-2077

  Youinou, Pierre ^a,b   Saraux, Alain ^a,b   Pers, Jacques Olivier ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ EUROPÉENNE DE BRETAGNE   (France)

^b BREST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

B cell activating factor; B lymphocyte; Ectopic germinal centers; Sj gren's syndrome

Indexed keywords

B CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR; CD38 ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ARTICLE; B CELL LYMPHOMA; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL EXPANSION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; MEMORY CELL; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SJOEGREN SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; B-CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR; B-LYMPHOCYTES; GERMINAL CENTER; HUMANS; SALIVARY GLANDS; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 84862494162     PISSN: 13892010     EISSN: 18734316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920112802273100     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Moutsopoulos, H.M. Sjögren's syndrome: autoimmune epithelitis. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1994, 72(2),162-165.
2. Delaleu, N.; Jonsson, R.; Koller, M.M. Sjögren's syndrome. Eur. J. Oral. Sci., 2005, 113(2), 101-113.
3. Triantafyllopoulou, A.; Tapinos, N.; Moutsopoulos, H.M. Evidence for coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2004, 50(9), 2897-2902.
4. Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O.; Saraux, A.; Pennec, Y.L. Viruses contribute to the development of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2005, 141(1), 19-20.
5. Gottenberg, J.E.; Pallier, C.; Ittah, M.; Lavie, F.; Miceli-Richard, C.; Sellam, J.; Nordmann, P.; Cagnard, N.; Sibilia, J.; Mariette, X. Failure to confirm coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2006, 54(6), 2026-2028.
6. Forsblad-d'Elia, H.; Carlsten, H.; Labrie, F.; Konttinen, Y.T.; Ohlsson, C. Low serum levels of sex steroids are associated with disease characteristics in primary Sjögren's syndrome; supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone DHA restores the concentrations. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2009, 94(6), 2044-2051.
7. Anaya, J.M.; Delgado-Vega, A.M.; Castiblanco, J. Genetic basis of Sjögren's syndrome. How strong is the evidence? Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2006, 13(2-4), 209-222.
8. Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O.; Gershwin, M.E.; Shoenfeld, Y. Geoepidemiology and autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun., 2010, 34(3), J163-J167.
9. Adamson, T.C.; Fox, R.I.; Frisman, D.M.; Howell, F.V. Immunohistologic analysis of lymphoid infiltrates in primary Sjögren's syndrome using monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol., 1983, 130(1), 203-208.
10. Sumida, T.; Yonaha, F.; Maeda, T.; Tanabe, E.; Koike, T.; Tomioka, H.; Yoshida, S. T cell receptor repertoire of infiltrating T cells in lips of Sjögren's syndrome patients. J. Clin. Invest. 1992, 89(2), 681-685.
11. Gerli, R.; Bertotto, A.; Agea, E.; Lanfrancone, L.; Cernetti, C.; Spinozzi, F.; Rambotti, P. Basis for defective proliferation of peripheral blood T cells to anti-CD2 antibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Clin. Invest., 1990, 86(6), 1870-1877.
12. Liu, M.F.; Lin, L.H.; Weng, C.T.; Weng, M.Y. Decreased CD4+CD25+bright T cells in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Lupus., 2008, 17(1), 34-39.
13. Gottenberg, J.E.; Lavie, F.; Abbed, K.; Gasnault, J.; Le Nevot, E.; Delfraissy, J.F.; Taoufik, Y.; Mariette, X. CD4 CD25high regulatory T cells are not impaired in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Autoimmun. 2005, 24(3), 235-242.
14. Christodoulou, M.I.; Kapsogeorgou, E.K.; Moutsopoulos, N.M.; Moutsopoulos, H.M. Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells in Sjogren's syndrome: correlation with the grade of the autoimmune lesion and certain adverse prognostic factors. Am. J. Pathol., 2008, 173(5), 1389-1396.
15. Youinou, P. B cell conducts the lymphocyte orchestra. J. Autoimmun., 2007, 28(2-3), 143-151.
16. Schmidlin, H.; Diehl, S.A.; Blom, B. New insights into the regulation of human B-cell differentiation. Trends. Immunol., 2009, 30(6), 277-285.
17. Hoheisel, J.D. Microarray technology: beyond transcript profiling and genotype analysis. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2006, 7(3), 200-210.
18. Baldini, C.; Giusti, L.; Bazzichi, L.; Lucacchini, A.; Bombardieri, S. Proteomic analysis of the saliva: a clue for understanding primary from secondary Sjögren's syndrome? Autoimmun. Rev., 2008, 7(3),185-191.
19. Mackay, F.; Schneider, P.; Rennert, P.; Browning, J. BAFF AND APRIL: a tutorial on B cell survival. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2003, 21:231-264.
20. Edwards, J. C; Cambridge, G. B-cell targeting in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2006, 6(5), 394-403.
21. Blank, M.; Shoenfeld, Y. B cell-targeted therapy in autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun., 2007, 28(2-3), 62-68.
22. Ramos-Casals, M.; Brito-Zerón, P. Emerging biological therapies in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatology, (Oxford), 2007, 46(9), 1389-1396.
23. Kalled, S.L. BAFF: a novel therapeutic target for autoimmunity. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs., 2002, 3(7), 1005-1010.
24. Min, I.M.; Selsing, E. Antibody class switch recombination: roles for switch sequences and mismatch repair proteins. Adv. Immunol., 2005, 87 297-328.
25. Grammer, A.C.; Lipsky, P.E. CD40-mediated regulation of immune responses by TRAF-dependent and TRAF-independent signaling mechanisms. Adv. Immunol., 2000, 76 61-178.
26. Litinskiy, M.B.; Nardelli, B.; Hilbert, D.M.; He, B.; Schaffer, A.; Casali, P.; Cerutti, A. DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL. Nat. Immunol., 2002, 3(9), 822-829.
27. William, J.; Euler, C.; Christensen, S.; Shlomchik, M.J. Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers. Science, 2002, 297(5589), 2066-2070.
28. Lentz, V.M.; Manser, T. Cutting edge: germinal centers can be induced in the absence of T cells. J. Immunol., 2001, 167(1), 15-20.
29. Salomonsson, S.; Jonsson, M.V.; Skarstein, K.; Brokstad, K.A.; Hjelmström, P.; Wahren-Herlenius, M.; Jonsson, R. Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2003, 48(11), 3187-3201.
30. Paus, D.; Phan, T.G.; Chan, T.D.; Gardam, S.; Basten, A.; Brink, R. Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation. J. Exp. Med., 2006, 203(4), 1081-1091.
31. Sims, G.P.; Ettinger, R.; Shirota, Y.; Yarboro, C.H.; Illei, G.G.; Lipsky, P.E. Identification and characterization of circulating human transitional B cells. Blood., 2005, 105(11), 4390-4398.
32. Vinuesa, C.G.; Tangye, S.G.; Moser, B.; Mackay, C.R. Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2005, 5(11), 853-865.
33. Batten, M.; Fletcher, C.; Ng, L.G.; Wheway, J.; Laâbi, Y.; Xin, X.; Schneider, P.; Tschopp, J.; Mackay, C.R.; Mackay, F. TNF deficiency fails to protect BAFF transgenic mice against autoimmunity and reveals a predisposition to B cell lymphoma. J. Immunol., 2004, 172(2), 812-822.
34. Del Prete, G. The concept of type-1 and type-2 helper T cells and their cytokines in humans. Int. Rev. Immunol., 1998, 16(3-4), 427-455.
35. Harris, D.P.; Haynes, L.; Sayles, P.C.; Duso, D.K.; Eaton, S.M.; Lepak, N.M.; Johnson, L.L.; Swain, S.L.; Lund, F.E. Reciprocal regulation of polarized cytokine production by B and T cells. Nat. Immunol., 2000, 1(6), 475-482.
36. Daridon, C.; Guerrier, T.; Devauchelle, V.; Saraux, A.; Pers, J.O.; Youinou, P. Polarization of B effector cells in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev., 2007, 6(7), 427-431.
37. Kolkowski, E.C.; Reth, P.; Pelusa, F.; Bosch, J.; Pujol-Borrell, R.; Coll, J.; Jaraquemada, D. Th1 predominance and perforin expression in minor salivary glands from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Autoimmun. 1999, 13(1), 155-162.
38. Harris, D.P.; Goodrich, S.; Gerth, A.J.; Peng, S.L.; Lund, F.E. Regulation of IFN-gamma production by B effector 1 cells: essential roles for T-bet and the IFN-gamma receptor. J. Immunol., 2005, 174(11), 6781-6790.
39. Mitsias, D.I.; Tzioufas, A.G.; Veiopoulou, C.; Zintzaras, E.; Tassios, I.K.; Kogopoulou, O.; Moutsopoulos, H.M.; Thyphronitis, G. The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance changes with the progress of the immunopathological lesion of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2002, 128(3), 562-568.
40. Mariette, X.; Roux, S.; Zhang, J.; Bengoufa, D.; Lavie, F.; Zhou, T.; Kimberly, R. The level of BLyS (BAFF) correlates with the titre of autoantibodies in human Sjögren's syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2003, 62(2), 168-171.
41. Pers, J.O.; d'Arbonneau, F.; Devauchelle-Pensec, V.; Saraux, A.; Pennec, Y.L.; Youinou, P. Is periodontal disease mediated by salivary BAFF in Sjögren's syndrome? Arthritis. Rheum. 2005, 52(8), 2411-2414.
42. d'Arbonneau, F.; Pers, J.O.; Devauchelle, V.; Pennec, Y.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P. BAFF-induced changes in B cell antigen receptorcontaining lipid rafts in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2006, 54(1), 115-126.
43. Collins, C.E.; Gavin, A.L.; Migone, T.S.; Hilbert, D.M.; Nemazee, D.; Stohl, W. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) isoforms in systemic lupus erythematosus: disease activity correlates better with blood leukocyte BLyS mRNA levels than with plasma BlyS protein levels. Arthritis. Res. Ther., 2006, 8(1), R6.
44. Le Pottier, L.; Bendaoud, B.; Renaudineau, Y.; Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O.; Daridon, C. New ELISA for B cell-activating factor. Clin, Chem, 2009, 55(10), 1843-1851.
45. Katsifis, G.E.; Rekka, S.; Moutsopoulos, N.M.; Pillemer, S.; Wahl, S.M. Systemic and local IL-17 and linked cytokines associated with Sjögren's syndrome immunopathogenesis. Am. J. Pathol., 2009, 175(3), 1167-1177.
46. Doreau, A.; Belot, A.; Bastid, J.; Riche, B.; Trescol-Biemont, M.C.; Ranchin, B.; Fabien, N.; Cochat, P.; Pouteil-Noble, C.; Trolliet, P.; Durieu, I.; Tebib, J.; Kassai, B.; Ansieau, S.; Puisieux, A.; Eliaou, J.F.; Bonnefoy-Bérard, N. IL-17 acts in synergy with B cell-activating factor to influence B cell biology and the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10(7), 778-785.
47. Tengnér, P.; Halse, A.K.; Haga, H.J.; Jonsson, R.; Wahren-Herlenius, M. Detection of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 1998, 41(12), 2238-2248.
48. Bendaoud, B.; Pennec, Y.L.; Lelong, A.; Le Noac'h, J.F.; Magadur, G.; Jouquan, J.; Youinou, P. IgA-containing immune complexes in the circulation of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Autoimmun 1991, 4(1), 177-184.
49. Sugai, S.; Konda, S.; Shoraski, Y.; Murayama, T.; Nishikawa, T. Non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Am. J. Med. 1980, 68(6), 861-866.
50. Tzioufas, A.G.; Manoussakis, M.N.; Costello, R., Silis, M.; Papadopoulos, N.M.; Moutsopoulos, H.M. Cryoglobulinemia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Evidence of circulating monoclonal cryoglobulins in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 1986, 29(9), 1098-1104.
51. Masaki, Y.; Sugai, S. Lymphoproliferative disorders in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev., 2004, 3(3),175-182.
52. Fishleder, A.; Tubbs, R.; Hesse, B.; Levine, H. Uniform detection of immunoglobulin-gene rearrangement in benign lymphoepithelial lesions. N. Engl. J. Med., 1987, 316(18), 1118-1121.
53. Weill, J.C.; Weller, S.; Reynaud, C.A. Human marginal zone B cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2009, 27, 267-285.
54. Kouskoff, V.; Famiglietti, S.; Lacaud, G.; Lang, P.; Rider, J.E.; Kay, B.K.; Cambier, J.C.; Nemazee, D. Antigens varying in affinity for the BCR induce differential B lymphocyte responses. J. Exp. Med., 1998, 188(8), 1453-1464.
55. Schwickert, T.A., Alabyev, B.; Manser, T.; Nussenzweig, M.C. Germinal center reutilization by newly activated B cells. J. Exp. Med., 2009, 206(13), 2907-2914.
56. Daridon, C.; Pers, J.O.; Devauchelle, V.; Martins-Carvalho, C.; Hutin, P.; Pennec, Y.L.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P. Identification of transitional type II B cells in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2006, 54(7), 2280-2288.
57. Le Pottier, L.; Devauchelle, V.; Fautrel, A.; Daridon, C.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O. Ectopic germinal centers are rare in Sjögren's syndrome salivary glands and do not exclude autoreactive B cells. J. Immunol., 2009, 182(6), 3540-3547.
58. rd.; Anolik, J.H.; Pugh-Bernard, A.; Barnard, J.; Dutcher, P.; Silverman, G.; Sanz, I. Germinal center exclusion of autoreactive B cells is defective in human systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Clin. Invest., 2005, 115(11), 3205-3216.
59. Honjo, T.; Muramatsu, M.; Fagarasan, S. AID: how does it aid antibody diversity? Immunity., 2004, 20(6), 659-668.
60. Bombardieri, M.; Barone, F.; Humby, F.; Kelly, S.; McGurk, M.; Morgan, P.; Challacombe, S.; De Vita, S.; Valesini, G.; Spencer, J.; Pitzalis, C. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression in follicular dendritic cell networks and interfollicular large B cells supports functionality of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in autoimmune sialoadenitis and MALT lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome. J. Immunol., 2007, 179(7), 4929-4938.
61. Bohnhorst, J. Ø.; Bjørgan, M.B.; Thoen, J.E.; Natvig, J.B.; Thompson, K.M. Bm1-Bm5 classification of peripheral blood B cells reveals circulating germinal center founder cells in healthy individuals and disturbance in the B cell subpopulations in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Immunol., 2001, 167(7), 3610-3618.
62. Hansen, A.; Gosemann, M.; Pruss, A.; Reiter, K.; Ruzickova, S.; Lipsky, P.E.; Dörner, T. Abnormalities in peripheral B cell memory of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum. 2004, 50(6), 1897-1908.
63. Binard, A.; Le Pottier, L.; Devauchelle-Pensec, V.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O. Is the blood B-cell subset profile diagnostic for Sjögren syndrome? Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2009, 68(9), 1447-1452.
64. Vitali, C.; Bombardieri, S.; Jonsson, R.; Moutsopoulos, H.M.; Alexander, E.L.; Carsons, S.E.; Daniels, T.E.; Fox, P.C.; Fox, R.I.; Kassan, S.S.; Pillemer, S.R.; Talal, N.; Weisman, M.H.; European Study Group on Classification Criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome. Classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2002, 61(6), 554-558.
65. Brandtzaeg, P.; Johansen, F.E. Mucosal B cells: phenotypic characteristics, transcriptional regulation, and homing properties. Immunol. Rev., 2005, 206 32-63.
66. Masaki, Y.; Sugai, S. Lymphoproliferative disorders in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev., 2004, 3(3), 175-182.
67. Bunim, J.J.; Talal, N. The association of malignant lymphoma with Sjögren's syndrome. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians., 1963, 76 45-56.
68. Talal, N.; Bunim, J.J. The development of malignant lymphoma in the course of Sjögren's syndrome. Am. J. Med., 1964, 36 529-540.
69. Anderson, L.G.; Talal, N. The spectrum of benign to malignant lymphoproliferation in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1972, 10(2), 199-221.
70. Youinou, P.; Devauchelle, V.; Pers, J.O. Significance of B-cell, clonality in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2010, 62(9), 2605-2610.
71. Sfriso, P.; Oliviero, F.; Calabrese, F.; Miorin, M.; Facco, M.; Contri, A.; Cabrelle, A.; Baesso, I.; Cozzi, F.; Andretta, M.; Cassatella, M.A.; Fiocco, U.; Todesco, S.; Konttinen, Y.T.; Punzi, L.; Agostini, C. Epithelial CXCR3-B regulates chemokines bioavailability in normal, but not in Sjögren's syndrome, salivary glands. J. Immunol., 2006, 176(4), 2581-2589.
72. Amft, N.; Curnow, S.J.; Scheel-Toellner, D.; Devadas, A.; Oates, J.; Crocker, J.; Hamburger, J.; Ainsworth, J.; Mathews, J.; Salmon, M.; Bowman, S.J.; Buckley, C.D. Ectopic expression of the B cellattracting chemokine BCA-1 (CXCL13) on endothelial cells and within lymphoid follicles contributes to the establishment of germinal center-like structures in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2001, 44(11), 2633-2641.
73. Barone, F.; Bombardieri, M.; Manzo, A.; Blades, M.C.; Morgan, P.R.; Challacombe, S.J.; Valesini, G.; Pitzalis, C. Association of CXCL13 and CCL21 expression with the progressive organization of lymphoid-like structures in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2005, 52(6), 1773-1784.
74. Hansen, A.; Reiter, K.; Ziprian, T.; Jacobi, A.; Hoffmann, A.; Gosemann, M.; Scholze, J.; Lipsky, P.E.; Dörner, T. Dysregulation of chemokine receptor expression and function by B cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2005, 52(7), 2109-2119.
75. Dawson, L.J.; Stanbury, J.; Venn, N.; Hasdimir, B.; Rogers, S.N.; Smith, P.M. Antimuscarinic antibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome reversibly inhibit the mechanism of fluid secretion by human submandibular salivary acinar cells. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2006, 54(4), 1165-1173.
76. Robinson, C.P.; Brayer, J.; Yamachika, S.; Esch, T.R.; Peck, A.B.; Stewart, C.A.; Peen, E.; Jonsson, R.; Humphreys-Beher, M.G. Transfer of human serum IgG to nonobese diabetic Igmu null mice reveals a role for autoantibodies in the loss of secretory function of exocrine tissues in Sjögren's syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, 95(13), 7538-7543.
77. Pijpe, J.; van Imhoff, G.W.; Spijkervet, F.K.; Roodenburg, J.L.; Wolbink, G.J.; Mansour, K.; Vissink, A.; Kallenberg, C.G.; Bootsma, H. Rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: an open-label phase II study. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2005, 52(9), 2740-2750.
78. Devauchelle-Pensec, V.; Pennec, Y.; Morvan, J.; Pers, J.O.; Daridon, C.; Jousse-Joulin, S.; Roudaut, A.; Jamin, C.; Renaudineau, Y.; Roué, I.Q.; Cochener, B.; Youinou, P.; Saraux, A. Improvement of Sjögren's syndrome after two infusions of rituximab. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2007, 57(2), 310-317.
79. Saraux, A. The point on B-cell depleting therapy in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev., 2010, 9(9), 609-614.
80. Groom, J.; Kalled, S.L.; Cutler, A.H.; Olson, C.; Woodcock, S.A.; Schneider, P.; Tschopp, J.; Cachero, T.G.; Batten, M.; Wheway, J.; Mauri, D.; Cavill, D.; Gordon, T.P.; Mackay, C.R.; Mackay, F. Association of BAFF/BLyS overexpression and altered B cell differentiation with Sjögren's syndrome. J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109(1), 59-68.
81. Cinamon, G.; Matloubian, M.; Lesneski, M.J.; Xu, Y.; Low, C.; Lu, T.; Proia, R.L.; Cyster, J.G. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 promotes B cell localization in the splenic marginal zone. Nat. Immunol., 2004, 5(7), 713-720.
82. Sekiguchi, M.; Iwasaki, T.; Kitano, M.; Kuno, H.; Hashimoto, N.; Kawahito, Y.; Azuma, M.; Hla, T.; Sano, H. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. J. Immunol., 2008, 180(3), 1921-1928.
83. Cinamon, G.; Zachariah, M.A.; Lam, O.M.; Foss, F. W; Jr.; Cyster; J.G. Follicular shuttling of marginal zone B cells facilitates antigen transport. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9(1), 54-62.
84. Meier, D.; Bornmann, C.; Chappaz, S.; Schmutz, S.; Otten, L.A.; Ceredig, R.; Acha-Orbea, H.; Finke, D. Ectopic lymphoid-organ development occurs through interleukin 7-mediated enhanced survival of lymphoid-tissue-inducer cells. Immunity., 2007, 26(5), 643-54.
85. Basset, C.; Durand, V.; Mimassi, N.; Pennec, Y.L.; Youinou, P.; Dueymes, M. Enhanced sialyltransferase activity in B lymphocytes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Scand. J. Immunol., 2000, 51(3), 307-311.
86. Basset, C.; Durand, V.; Jamin, C.; Clément, J.; Pennec, Y.; Youinou, P.; Dueymes, M.; Roitt, I.M. Increased N-linked glycosylation leading to oversialylation of monomeric immunoglobulin A1 from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Scand. J. Immunol., 2000, 51(3), 300-306.
87. Nemazee, D.; Weigert, M. Revising B cell receptors. J. Exp. Med., 2000, 191(11), 1813-1817.
88. Daridon, C.; Devauchelle, V.; Hutin, P.; Le Berre, R.; Martins-Carvalho, C.; Bendaoud, B.; Dueymes, M.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P.; Pers, J.O. Aberrant expression of BAFF by B lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis. Rheum., 2007, 56(4), 1134-1144.
89. Kusam, S.; Dent, A. Common mechanisms for the regulation of B cell differentiation and transformation by the transcriptional repressor protein Bcl-6. Immunol. Res., 2007, 37(3), 177-186.
90. Pierce, S.K. Lipid rafts and B-cell activation. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2002, 2 96-105.
91. Thien, M.; Phan, T.G.; Gardam, S.; Amesbury, M.; Basten, A.; Mackay, F.; Brink, R. Excess BAFF rescues self-reactive B cells from peripheral deletion and allows them to enter forbidden follicular and marginal zone niches. Immunity, 2004, 20(6), 785-798.
92. Lesley, R.; Xu, Y.; Kalled, S.L.; Hess, D.M.; Schwab, S.R.; Shu, H.B.; Cyster, J.G. Reduced competitiveness of autoantigenengaged B cells due to increased dependence on BAFF. Immunity, 2004, 20(4), 441-453.
93. Qian, Y.; Qin, J.; Cui, G.; Naramura, M.; Snow, E.C.; Ware, C.F.; Fairchild, R.L.; Omori, S.A.; Rickert, R.C.; Scott, M.; Kotzin, B.L.; Li, X. Act1, a negative regulator in CD40-and BAFF-mediated B cell survival. Immunity, 2004, 21(4), 575-587.
94. Hase, H.; Kanno, Y.; Kojima, M.; Hasegawa, K.; Sakurai, D.; Kojima, H.; Tsuchiya, N.; Tokunaga, K.; Masawa, N.; Azuma, M.; Okumura, K.; Kobata, T. BAFF/BLyS can potentiate B-cell selection with the B-cell coreceptor complex. Blood, 2004, 103(6), 2257-2265.
95. Ettinger, R.; Sims, G.P.; Robbins, R.; Withers, D.; Fischer, R.T.; Grammer, A.C.; Kuchen, S.; Lipsky, P.E. IL-21 and BAFF/BLyS synergize in stimulating plasma cell differentiation from a unique population of human splenic memory B cells. J. Immunol., 2007, 178(5), 2872-2882.
96. Pers, J.O.; Devauchelle, V.; Daridon, C.; Bendaoud, B.; Le Berre, R.; Bordron, A.; Hutin, P.; Renaudineau, Y.; Dueymes, M.; Loisel, S., Berthou, C.; Saraux, A.; Youinou, P. BAFF-modulated repopulation of B lymphocytes in the blood and salivary glands of rituximab-treated patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatism, 2007, 56(5), 1464-1477.
97. Quartuccio, L.; Fabris, M.; Moretti, M.; Barone, F.; Bombardieri, M.; Rupolo, M.; Lombardi, S.; Pitzalis, C.; Beltrami, C.A.; Curcio, F.; De Vita, S. Resistance to rituximab therapy and local BAFF overexpression in Sjögren's syndrome-related myoepithelial sialadenitis and low-grade parotid B-cell lymphoma. Open. Rheumatol. J., 2008, 2 38-43.
98. Ahuja, A.; Shupe, J.; Dunn, R.; Kashgarian, M.; Kehry, M.R.; Shlomchik, M.J. Depletion of B cells in murine lupus: efficacy and resistance. J. Immunol., 2007, 179(5), 3351-3361.
99. Jonsson, M.V.; Szodoray, P.; Jellestad, S.; Jonsson, R.; Skarstein, K. Association between circulating levels of the novel TNF family members APRIL and BAFF and lymphoid organization in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J. Clin. Immunol., 2005, 25(3), 189-201.
100. Fletcher, C.A.; Sutherland, A.P.; Groom, J.R.; Batten, M.L.; Ng, L.G.; Gommerman, J.; Mackay, F. Development of nephritis but not sialadenitis in autoimmune-prone BAFF transgenic mice lacking marginal zone B cells. Eur. J. Immunol., 2006, 36(9), 2504-2514.