Quantum dots hold promise for early cancer imaging and detection

International Journal of Cancer

Volumn 131, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 519-528

  Pericleous, Pericles ^a   Gazouli, Maria ^b   Lyberopoulou, Anna ^b   Rizos, Spyros ^a   Nikiteas, Nikolaos ^c   Efstathopoulos, Efstathios P ^b  

^a TZANEIO GENERAL HOSPITAL OF PIRAEUS   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

cancer; imaging; nanotechnology; QDs

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CONTRAST MEDIUM; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; MACROGOL; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; QUANTUM DOT;

ARTICLE; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BRAIN TUMOR; BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER THERAPY; CELL LABELING; CIRCULATING TUMOR CELL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG CONJUGATION; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EXCRETION; EARLY CANCER; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; METASTASIS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; HUMANS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASTIC CELLS, CIRCULATING; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; QUANTUM DOTS;

EID: 84861571558     PISSN: 00207136     EISSN: 10970215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27528     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D,. Global Cancer Statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
2. World Health Organization. Media centre. Fact sheet #297. October 2011.
3. Ehman RL, Hendee WR, Welch MJ, Dunnick NR, Bresolin LB, Arenson RL, Baum S, Hricak H, Thrall JH,. Blueprint for imaging in biomedical research. Radiology 2007; 244: 12-27.
4. Atri MJ,. New technologies and directed agents for applications of cancer imaging. Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 3299-308.
5. Bruce J,. Hillman, Introduction to the special issue on medical imaging in oncology. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 3223-4.
6. de Torres JP, Bastarrika G, Wisnivesky JP, Alcaide AB, Campo A, Seijo LM, Pueyo JC, Villanueva A, Lozano MD, Montes U, Montuenga L, Zulueta JJ,. Assessing the relationship between lung cancer risk and emphysema detected on low-dose CT of the chest. Chest 2007; 132: 1932-8.
7. Lehman CD, Isaacs C, Schnall MD, Pisano ED, Ascher SM, Weatherall PT, Bluemke DA, Bowen DJ, Marcom PK, Armstrong DK, Domchek SM, Tomlinson G, et al. Cancer yield of mammography, MR, and US in high-risk women: prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening study. Radiology 2007; 244: 381-8.
8. Paajanen H, Kyhälä L, Varjo R, Rantala S,. Effect of screening mammography on the surgery of breast cancer in Finland: a population-based analysis during the years 1985-2004. Am Surg 2006; 72: 167-71.
9. Sarkeala T, Heinävaara S, Anttila A,. Organised mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality: a cohort study from Finland. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 614-9.
10. Nelson ED, Slotoroff CB, Gomella LG, Halpern EJ,. Targeted biopsy of the prostate: the impact of color Doppler imaging and elastography on prostate cancer detection and Gleason score, Urology 2008; 70: 1136-40.
11. Brink I, Schumacher T, Mix M, Ruhland S, Stoelben E, Digel W, Henke M, Ghanem N, Moser E, Nitzsche EU,. Impact of [18F]FDG-PET on the primary staging of small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31: 1614-20.
12. Kent MS, Port JL, Altorki NK,. Current state of imaging for lung cancer staging, Thorac Surg Clin 2004; 14: 1-13.
13. Shim KN, Yang SK, Myung SJ, Chang HS, Jung SA, Choe JW, Lee YJ, Byeon JS, Lee JH, Jung HY, Hong WS, Kim JH, et al. Atypical endoscopic features of rectal carcinoids. Endoscopy 2004; 36: 313-6.
14. Lee KS, Jeong YJ, Han J, Kim BT, Kim H, Kwon OJ,. T1 non-small cell lung cancer: imaging and histopathologic findings and their prognostic implications. Radiographics 2004; 24: 1617-36.
15. Ciernik IF, Dizendorf E, Baumert BG, Reiner B, Burger C, Davis JB, Lütolf UM, Steinert HC, Von Schulthess GK,. Radiation treatment planning with an integrated positron emission and computer tomography (PET/CT): a feasibility study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1003; 57: 853-63.
16. Fermé C, Vanel D, Ribrag V, Girinski T,. Role of imaging to choose treatment. Cancer Imaging 2005; 5 (Spec No A): S113-9.
17. Ashamalla H, Rafla S, Parikh K, Mokhtar B, Goswami G, Kambam S, Abdel-Dayem H, Guirguis A, Ross P, Evola A,. The contribution of integrated PET/CT to the evolving definition of treatment volumes in radiation treatment planning in lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63: 1016-23.
18. Keidar Z, Haim N, Guralnik L, Wollner M, Bar-Shalom R, Ben-Nun A, Israel O,. PET/CT using 18F-FDG in suspected lung cancer recurrence: diagnostic value and impact on patient management. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 1640-6.
19. Bremer C, Ntziachristos V, Weissleder R,. Optical-based molecular imaging: contrast agents and potential medical applications. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 231-43.
20. Gao X, Cui Y, Levenson RM, Chung LW, Nie S,. In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 2004; 22: 969-76.
21. Medintz IL, Uyeda HT, Goldman ER, Mattoussi H,. Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging. labelling and sensing. Nat Mater 2005; 4: 435-46.
22. Ben-Ari ET,. Nanoscale quantum dots hold promise for cancer applications. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 502-4.
23. Brigger I, Morizet J, Aubert G, Chacun H, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Couvreur P, Vassal G,. Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated hexadecylcyanoacrylate nanospheres display a combined effect for brain tumor targeting. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303: 928-36.
24. Licha K, Riefke B, Ebert B, Grötzinger C,. Cyanine dyes as contrast agents in biomedical optical imaging. Acad Radiol 2002; 9: S320-2.
25. Licha K, Olbrich C,. Optical imaging in drug discovery and diagnostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57: 1087-108.
26. Michalet X, Pinaud FF, Bentolila LA, Tsay JM, Doose S, Li JJ, Sundaresan G, Wu AM, Gambhir SS, Weiss S,. Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics. Science 2005; 307: 538-44.
27. Morgan NY, English S, Chen W, Chernomordik V, Russo A, Smith PD, Gandjbakhche A,. Real time in vivo non-invasive optical imaging using near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots. Acad Radiol 2005; 12: 313-23.
28. Rosi NL, Mirkin CA,. Nanostructures in biodiagnostics. Chem Rev 2005; 105: 1547-62.
29. Santra S, Xu J, Wang K, Tan WJ,. Luminescent nanoparticle probes for bioimaging. Nanosci Nanotechnol 2004; 4: 590-9.
30. Santra S, Dutta D, Walter GA, Moudgil BM,. Fluorescent nanoparticle probes for cancer imaging. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2005; 4: 593-602.
31. Sokolov K, Follen M, Aaron J, Pavlova I, Malpica A, Lotan R, Richards-Kortum R,. Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 1999-2004.
32. Frangioni JV,. New technologies for human cancer imaging. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4012-21.
33. Naumov GN, Akslen LA, Folkman J,. Role of angiogenesis in human tumor dormancy: animal models of the angiogenic switch. Cell Cycle 2006; 5: 1779-87.
34. Foote M,. The importance of planned dose of chemotherapy on time: do we need to change our clinical practice? Oncologist 1998; 3: 365-8.
35. Massoud TF, Gambhir SS,. Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light. Genes Dev 2003; 17: 545-80.
36. Albrecht T, Blomley MJ, Burns PN, Wilson S, Harvey CJ, Leen E, Claudon M, Calliada F, Correas JM, LaFortune M, Campani R, Hoffmann CW, et al. Improved detection of metastatic liver lesions using pulse inversion harmonic imaging with Levovist: a multicenter study. Radiology 1999; 213: 1685.
37. Blomley MJK, Cooke JC, Unger EC, Monaghan MJ, Cosgrove DO,. Microbubble contrast agents: a new era in ultrasound. BMJ 2001; 322: 1222-5.
38. Liu J, Levine AL, Mattoon JS, Yamaguchi M, Lee RJ, Pan X, Rosol TJ,. Nanoparticles as image enhancing agents for ultrasonography. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51: 2179-89.
39. Weissleder R,. Scaling down imaging: molecular mapping of cancer in mice. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2: 11-18.
40. Cormode DP, Skajaa T, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJ,. Nanotechnology in medical imaging: probe design and applications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29: 992-1000.
41. Hoult DI, Phil D,. Sensitivity and power deposition in a high-field imaging experiment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12: 46-67.
42. Caravan P, Ellison JJ, McMurry TJ, Lauffer RB,. Gadolinium(III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics, and applications. Chem Rev 1999; 99: 2293-2352.
43. Shin J, Anisur R, Ko M, Im G, Lee J, Lee I,. Hollow manganese oxide nanoparticles as multifunctional agents for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed 2009; 48: 321-34.
44. Kobayashi H, Hama Y, Koyama Y, Barrett T, Regino CA, Urano Y, Choyke PL,. Simultaneous multicolor imaging of five different lymphatic basins using quantum dots Nano Lett 2007; 7: 1711-6.
45. Kosaka N, Ogawa M, Sato N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H,. In Vivo real-time, multicolor, quantum dot lymphatic imaging. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129: 2818-22.
46. Hines MA,. Guyot-Sionnest, P. Bright UV-blue luminescent colloidal znse nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 1998; 102: 3655-7.
47. Pietryga JM, Schaller RD, Werder D, Stewart MH, Klimov VI, Hollingsworth JA,. Pushing the band gap envelope: mid-infrared emitting colloidal PbSe quantum dots. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 11752-3.
48. Hines MA, Guyot-Sionnest P,. Synthesis and characterization of strongly luminescing ZnS capped CdSe nanocrystals. J Phys Chem 1996; 100: 468-71.
49. Shepard JRE,. Polychromatic microarrays: simultaneous multicolor array hybridization of eight samples. Anal Chem 2006; 78: 2478-86.
50. Lee S, Kang E, Kim K, Choi K, Kwon IC,. New generation of multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. Adv Funct Mater 2009; 19: 1553-66.
51. Jiang W, Singhal A, Kim BYS, Zheng J, Rutka JT, Wang C, Chan WCW,. Assessing near-infrared quantum dots for deep tissue, organ, and animal imaging applications. J Assoc Lab Autom 2008; 13: 6-12.
52. Zimmer JP, Kim S-W, Ohnishi S, Tanaka E, Frangioni JV, Bawendi MG,. Size series of small indium arsenide-zinc selenide core-shell nanocrystals and their application to in vivo imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128: 2526-27.
53. Cai W, Shin D-W, Chen K, Gheysens O, Cao Q, Wang SX, Gambhir SS, Chen X,. Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects. Nano Lett 2006; 6: 669-76.
54. Smith AM, Duan H, Mohs AM, Nie S,. Bioconjugated quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60: 1226-40.
55. Tada H, Higuchi H, Wanatabe TM, Ohuchi N,. In vivo real-time tracking of single quantum dots conjugated with monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody in tumors of mice. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 1138-44.
56. Gopee NV, Roberts DW, Webb P, Cozart CR, Siitonen PH, Latendresse JR, Warbitton AR, Yu WW, Colvin VL, Walker NJ, Howard PC,. Quantitative determination of skin penetration of PEG-coated CdSe quantum dots in dermabraded but not intact SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111: 37-48.
57. Kobayashi H, Ogawa M, Kosaka N, Choyke PL, Urano Y,. Multicolor imaging of lymphatic function with two nanomaterials: quantum dot-labeled cancer cells and dendrimer-based optical agents. Nanomedicine 2009; 4: 411-9.
58. Ballou B, Ernst LA, Andreko S, Harper T, Fitzpatrick JA, Waggoner AS, Bruchez MP,. Sentinel lymph node imaging using quantum dots in mouse tumor models. Bioconjugate Chem 2007; 18: 389-96.
59. Lidke DS, Nagy P, Jovin TM, Arndt-Jovin DJ,. Biotin-ligand complexes with streptavidin quantum dots for in vivo cell labeling of membrane receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 374: 69-79.
60. Dahan M, Lévi S, Luccardini C, Rostaing P, Riveau B, Triller A,. Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking. Science 2003; 302: 442-5.
61. Bawa R,. Will the nanomedicine "patent land grab" thwart commercialization? Nanomedicine 2005; 1: 346-50.
62. Bakalova R, Zhelev Z, Aoki I, Masamoto K, Mileva M, Obata T, Higuchi M, Gadjeva V, Kanno I,. Multimodal silica-shelled quantum dots: direct intracellular delivery, photosensitization, toxic, and microcirculation effects. Bioconjugate Chem 2008; 19: 1135-42.
63. Chen Z, Chen H, Meng H, Xing G, Gao X, Sun B, Shi X, Yuan H, Zhang C, Liu R, Zhao F, Zhao Y, et al. Bio-distribution and metabolic paths of silica coated CdSeS quantum dots. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 230: 364-71.
64. Robe A, Pic E, Lassalle H-P, Bezdetnaya L, Guillemin F, Marchal F,. Quantum dots in axillary lymph node mapping: biodistribution study in healthy mice. BMC Cancer 2008; 8: 111.
65. Liu W, Choi HS, Zimmer JP, Tanaka E, Frangioni JV, Bawendi M,. Compact cysteine-coated CdSe(ZnCdS) quantum dots for in vivo applications. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 14530-1.
66. Yezhelyev MV, Al-Hajj A, Morris C, Marcus AI, Liu T, Lewis M, Cohen C, Zrazhevskiy P, Simons JW, Rogatko A, Nie S, Gao X, et al. In situ molecular profiling of breast cancer biomarkers with multicolor quantum dots. Adv Mater 2007; 19: 3146-51.
67. Bawendi MG, Wilson WL, Rothberg L, Carroll PJ, Jedju TM, Steigerwald ML, Bruce LE,. Electronic structure and photoexcited-carrier dynamics in nanometer-size CdSe clusters. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65: 1623-6.
68. Erogbogbo F, Yong KT, Roy I, Xu G, Prasad PN, Swihart MT,. Biocompatible luminescent silicon quantum dots for imaging of cancer cells. ACS Nano 2008; 2: 873-8.
69. Parak WJ, Pellegrino T, Plank C,. Labelling of cells with quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2005; 16: R9-25.
70. Derfus AM, Chan WCW, Bhatia SN,. Probing the cytotoxicity of semiconductor quantum dots. Nano Lett 2004; 4: 11-8.
71. Ruan G, Agrawal A, Marcus AI, Nie S,. Imaging and tracking of tat peptide-conjugated quantum dots in living cells: new insights into nanoparticle uptake, intracellular transport, and vesicle shedding. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 14759-66.
72. Schröder O, Stein J,. Low dose methotrexate in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and future directions. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 530-7.
73. Jayagopal A, Russ PK, Haselton FR,. Surface engineering of quantum dots for in vivo vascular imaging. Bioconjugate Chem 2007; 18: 1424-33.
74. Farokhzad OC, Khademhosseini A, Jon S, Hermmann A, Cheng J, Chin C, Kiselyuk A, Teply B, Eng G, Langer R,. Microfluidic system for studying the interaction of nanoparticles and microparticles with cells. Anal Chem 2005; 77: 5453-9.
75. Hahn MA, Keng PC, Krauss TD,. Flow cytometric analysis to detect pathogens in bacterial cell mixtures using semiconductor quantum dots. Anal Chem 2008; 80: 864-72.
76. Liu W, Howarth M, Greytak AB, Zheng Y, Nocera DG, Ting AY, Bawendi MG,. Compact biocompatible quantum dots functionalized for cellular imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130: 1274-84.
77. Kuo Y-C, Wang Q, Ruengruglikit C, Yu H, Huang Q,. Antibody-conjugated CdTe quantum dots for escherichia coli detection. J Phys Chem C 2008; 112: 4818-24.
78. Chang JC, Su H-L, Hsu S-H,. The use of peptide-delivery to protect human adipose derived adult stem cells from damage caused by the internalization of quantum dots. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 925-36.
79. Duan H, Nie S,. Cell-penetrating quantum dots based on multivalent and endosome-disrupting surface coatings. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 3333-8.
80. Maysinger D, Behrendt M, Lalancette-Hebert M, Kriz J,. Real-time imaging of astrocyte response to quantum dots: in vivo screening model system for biocompatibility of nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2007; 7: 2513-20.
81. Smith JD, Fisher GW, Waggoner AS, Campbell PG,. The use of quantum dots for analysis of chick CAM vasculature. Microvasc Res 2007; 73: 75-83.
82. Gopee NV, Roberts DW, Webb P, Cozart CR, Siitonen PH, Warbritton AR, Yu WW, Colvin VL, Walker NJ, Howard PC,. Migration of intradermally injected quantum dots to sentinel organs in mice. Toxicol Sci 2007; 98: 249-57.
83. Ballou B, Ernst LA, Andreko S, Harper T, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Waggoner AS, Bruchez MP,. Sentinel lymph node imaging using quantum dots in mouse tumor models. Bioconjugate Chem 2007; 18: 389-96.
84. Jaiswal JK, Mattoussi H, Mauro JM, Simon SM,. Long-term multiple color imaging of live cells using quantum dot bioconjugates. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21: 47-51.
85. Yang RS, Chang LW, Wu JP, et al. Persistent tissue kinetics and redistribution of nanoparticles, quantum dot 705, in mice: ICP-MS quantitative assessment. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115: 1339-43.
86. Hardman R,. A toxicologic review of quantum dots: toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114: 165-72.
87. Ballou B, Lagerholm BC, Ernst LA, Bruchez MP, Waggoner AS,: Noninvasive imaging of quantum dots in mice. Bioconjugate Chem 2004; 15: 79-86.
88. Fischer HC, Liu L, Pang KS, Chan WCW,: Pharmacokinetics of nanoscale quantum dots: in vivo distribution, sequestration, and clearance in the rat. Adv Funct Mater 2006; 16: 1299-1305.
89. Schipper ML, Cheng Z, Lee SW, et al. MicroPET-based biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice. J Nucl Med 2007; 48: 1211-18.
90. Medintz IL, Mattousi H, Clapp AR,. Potential clinical applications of quantum dots. Int J Nanomed 2008; 3: 151-67.
91. Dubertret B, Skourides P, Norris DJ, Noireaux V, Brivanlou AH, Libchaber A,. In vivo imaging of quantum dots encapsulated in phospholipid micelles. Science 2002; 298: 1759-62.
92. Nathwani BB, Jaffari M, Juriani AR, Mathur AB, Meissner KE,. Fabrication and characterization of silk-fibroin-coated quantum dots. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 2009; 8: 72-7.
93. Smith AM, Dave S, Nie S, True L, Gao X,. Multicolor quantum dots for molecular diagnostics of cancer. Exp Rev Mol Diagnost 2006; 6: 231-44.
94. Zhang H, Yee D, Wang C,. Quantum dots for cancer diagnosis and therapy: biological and clinical perspectives. Nanomedicine 2008; 3: 83-91.
95. Wang H-Z, Wang H-Y, Liang R-Q, Ruan K-C,. Detection of tumor marker CA125 in ovarian carcinoma using quantum dots. Acta Bioch Biophys Sinica 2004; 36: 681-6.
96. Kang CS, Zhang ZY, Jia ZF, Wang GX, Qiu MZ, Zhou HX, Yu SZ, Chang J, Jiang H, Pu PY,. Suppression of EGFR expression by antisense or small interference RNA inhibits U251 glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13: 530-8.
97. Katakowski M, Zheng X, Jiang F, Rogers T, Szalad A, Chopp M,. MiR- 146b-5p suppresses EGFR expression and reduces in vitro migration and invasion of glioma. Cancer Invest 2010; 28: 1024-30.
98. Wang X, Schneider A,. HIF-2alpha-mediated activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor potentiates head and neck cancer cell migration in response to hypoxia. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31: 1202-10.
99. Howlin J, Rosenkvist J, Andersson T,. TNK2 preserves epidermal growth factor receptor expression on the cell surface and enhances migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10: R36.
100. Hwang YP, Yun HJ, Choi JH, Han EH, Kim HG, Song GY, Kwon KI, Jeong TC, Jeong HG,. Suppression of EGF-induced tumor cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by capsaicin via the inhibition of EGFR-mediated FAK/Akt, PKC/Raf/ERK, p38 MAPK, and AP-1 signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55: 594-605.
101. Ji C, Cao C, Lu S, Kivlin R, Amaral A, Kouttab N, Yang H, Chu W, Bi Z, Di W, Wan Y,. Curcumin attenuates EGF-induced AQP3 up- regulation and cell migration in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62: 857-65.
102. Grondin V, Seksik P, Dumont S, Thomas G, Trugnan G, Fléjou JF, Masliah J, Wendum D, Bachelet M,. Regulation of colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by MD-2 activity. Innate Immun 2011; 17: 414-22.
103. Gan Y, Shi C, Inge L, Hibner M, Balducci J, Huang Y,. Differential roles of ERK and Akt pathways in regulation of EGFR-mediated signaling and motility in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2010; 29: 4947-58.
104. Rho JK, Choi YJ, Lee JK, Ryoo BY, Na II, Yang SH, Kim CH, Lee JC,. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition derived from repeated exposure to gefitinib determines the sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in A549, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Lung Cancer 2009; 63: 219-26.
105. Dudu V, Rotari V, Vazquez M,. Targeted extracellular nanoparticles enable intracellular detection of activated epidermal growth factor receptor in living brain cancer cells. Nanomedicine 2011; 7: 896-903.
106. Wu X, Liu H, Liu J, Haley KN, Treadway JA, Larson JP, Ge N, Peale F, Bruchez MP,. Immunofluorescent labeling of cancer marker Her2 and other cellular targets with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21: 41-6.
107. Harris L, Fritsche H, Mennel R, Norton L, Ravdin P, Taube S, Somerfield MR, Hayes DF, Bast RC, Jr; American Society of Clinical Oncology,. American society of clinical oncology 2007 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 5287-5312.
108. Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thurlimann B, Senn HJ,. Meeting highlights: international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2005. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1569-83.
109. Moasser MM,. The oncogene HER2: its signaling and transforming functions and its role in human cancer pathogenesis. Oncogene 2007; 26: 6469-87.
110. Li-Shishido S, Watanabe TM, Tada H, Higuchi H, Ohuchi N,. Reduction in nonfluorescence state of quantum dots on an immunofluorescence staining. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351: 7-13.
111. Xiao Y, Gao X, Gannot G, Emmert-Buck MR, Srivastava S, Wagner PD, Amos MD, Barker PE,. Quantitation of HER2 and telomerase biomarkers in solid tumors with IgY antibodies and nanocrystal detection. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 2178-86.
112. Chen C, Peng J, Xia HS, Yang GF, Wu QS, Chen LD, Zeng LB, Zhang ZL, Pang DW, Li Y,. Quantum dots-based immunofluorescence technology for the quantitative determination of HER2 expression in breast cancer. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 2912-18.
113. Peng CW, Li Y,. Application of quantum dots-based biotechnology in cancer diagnosis: current status and future perspectives. J Nanomater 2010;Article ID676839.
114. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Brawley OW,. Cancer screening in the United States, 2009: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59: 27-41.
115. Shi C, Zhou G, Zhu Y, Su Y, Cheng T, Zhau HE, Chung LW,. Quantum dots-based multiplexed immunohistochemistry of protein expression in human prostate cancer cells. Eur J Histochem 2008; 52: 127-34.
116. Gao X, Chung LW, Nie S,. Quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 374: 135-45.
117. Montet X, Weissleder R, Josephson L,. Imaging pancreatic cancer with a peptide-nanoparticle conjugate targeted to normal pancreas. Bioconjugate Chem 2006; 17: 905-11.
118. Yang L, Mao H, Cao Z, Wang YA, Peng X, Wang X, Sajja HK, Wang L, Duan H, Ni C, Staley CA, Wood WC, Gao X, et al. Molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer in an animal model using targeted multifunctional nanoparticles. Gastroenterology 2009; 136: 1514-25.
119. Soltesz EG, Kim S, Kim SW, Laurence RG, De Grand AM, Parungo CP, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV,. Sentinel lymph node mapping of the gastrointestinal tract by using invisible light. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 386-96.
120. Qian J, Yong KT, Roy I, Ohulchanskyy TY, Bergey EJ, Lee HH, Tramposch KM, He S, Maitra A, Prasad PN,. Imaging pancreatic cancer using surface-functionalized quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111: 6969-72.
121. Cabanas RM,. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 39: 456-66.
122. Parungo CP, Ohnishi S, Kim SW, Kim S, Laurence RG, Soltesz EG, Chen FY, Colson YL, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV,. Intraoperative identification of esophageal sentinel lymph nodes with nearinfrared fluorescence imaging. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129: 844-50.
123. Vicent MJ, Duncan R,. Polymer conjugates: nanosized medicines for treating cancer. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24: 39-47.
124. Jain R, Dandekar P, Patravale V,. Diagnostic nanocarriers for sentinel lymph node imaging. J Control Release 2009; 138: 90-102.
125. Kim S, Lim YT, Soltesz EG, De Grand AM, Lee J, Nakayama A, Parker JA, Mihaljevic T, Laurence RG, Dor DM, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, et al. Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping. Nat Biotechnol 2004; 22: 93-97.
126. Hama Y, Koyama Y, Urano Y, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H,. Simultaneous two-color spectral fluorescence lymphangiography with near infrared quantum dots to map two lymphatic flows from the breast and the upper extremity. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 103: 23-8.
127. Zhang CY, Johnson LW,. Quantifying RNA-peptide interaction by single-quantum dot-based nanosensor: an approach for drug screening. Anal Chem 2007; 79: 7775-81.
128. Pantel K, Otte M,. Occult micrometastasis: enrichment, identification and characterization of single disseminated tumour cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2001; 11: 327-37.
129. Pahar B, Li J, Rourke T, Miller CJ, McChesney MB,. Detection of antigen-specific T cell interferon gamma expression by ELISPOT and cytokine flow cytometry assays in rhesus macaques. Immunol Methods 2003; 282: 103-15.
130. Steurer M, Kern J, Zitt M, Amberger A, Bauer M, Gastl G, Untergasser G, Gunsilius E,. Quantification of circulating endothelial and progenitor cells: comparison of quantitative PCR and four-channel flow cytometry. BMC Res Notes 2008; 1: 71.
131. Hsieh YH, Lai LJ, Liu SJ, Liang KS,. Rapid and sensitive detection of cancer cells by coupling with quantum dots and immunomagnetic separation at low concentrations. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26: 4249-52.
132. Alivisatos AP,. Perspectives on the physical chemistry of semiconductor nanocrystals. J Phys Chem 1996; 100: 13226-39.
133. Hoshino A, Fujioka K, Oku T, Suga M, Sasaki YF, Ohta T, Yasuhara M, Suzuki K, Yamamoto K,. Physicochemical properties and cellular toxicity of nanocrystal quantum dots depend on their surface modification. Nano Lett 2004; 4: 2163-9.
134. Kirchner C, Liedl T, Kudera S, Pellegrino T, Muñoz Javier A, Gaub HE, Stölzle S, Fertig N, Parak WJ,. Cytotoxicity of colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2005; 5: 331-8.
135. Ryman-Rasmussen JP, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA,. Surface coatings determine cytotoxicity and irritation potential of quantum dot nanoparticles in epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127: 143-53.
136. Zhang T, Stilwell JL, Gerion D, Ding L, Elboudwarej O, Cooke PA, Gray JW, Alivisatos AP, Chen FF,. Cellular effect of high doses of silica-coated quantum dot profiled with high throughput gene expression analysis and high content cellomics measurements. Nano Lett 2006; 6: 800-8.
137. Longmire M, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H,. Clearance properties of nano-sized particles and molecules as imaging agents: considerations and caveats. Nanomedicine 2008; 3: 703-17.
138. Choi SH, Liu W, Liu F, Nasr K, Misra P, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV,. Design considerations for tumor-targeted nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2010; 5: 42-7.
139. Bagalkot V, Zhang L, Levy-Nissenbaum E, Jon S, Kantoff PW, Langer R, Farokhzad OC,. Quantum dot-aptamer conjugates for synchronous cancer imaging, therapy, and sensing of drug delivery based on bi-fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Nano Lett 2007; 7: 3065-70.
140. Rosen AB, Kelly DJ, Schuldt AJ, Lu J, Potapova IA, Doronin SV, Robichaud KJ, Robinson RB, Rosen MR, Brink PR, Gaudette GR, Cohen IS,. Finding fluorescent needles in the cardiac haystack: tracking human mesenchymal stem cells labeled with quantum dots for quantitative in vivo three-dimensional fluorescence analysis. Stem Cells 2007; 25: 2128-38.