Clearance properties of nano-sized particles and molecules as imaging agents: Considerations and caveats

Nanomedicine

Volumn 3, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 703-717

  Longmire, Michelle ^a   Choyke, Peter L ^a   Kobayashi, Hisataka ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clearance; Excretion; Kidney; Liver; Macromolecules; Molecular imaging; Nano materials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CARBON; CARBON NANOTUBE; CONTRAST MEDIUM; DENDRIMER; DEXTRAN TC 99M; ENZYME; FERUMOXTRAN 10; FULLERENE DERIVATIVE; GADOLINIUM; GADOLINIUM PENTETATE; GADOMER 17; GADOTERIDOL; GOLD; HEAVY METAL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IOHEXOL; LIPOSOME; MACROGOL; NANOPARTICLE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AGENT; POLOXAMER; POLYAMIDOAMINE; PUTRESCINE; QUANTUM DOT; SILICON DIOXIDE; SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; ULTRASMALL SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; BIOMATERIAL; METAL NANOPARTICLE; POLYMER;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG HALF LIFE; HUMAN; KIDNEY CLEARANCE; LIVER CLEARANCE; MACROMOLECULE; MOLECULE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURFACE PROPERTY; CHEMISTRY; INSTRUMENTATION; KIDNEY; LIVER; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARTICLE SIZE; PATHOLOGY;

BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; DENDRIMERS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; GOLD; HUMANS; KIDNEY; LIPOSOMES; LIVER; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES, CARBON; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYMERS; QUANTUM DOTS; SILICON DIOXIDE;

EID: 55949126429     PISSN: 17435889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.5.703     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Hagens WI, Oomen AG, de Jong WH, Cassee FR, Sips AJ: What do we (need to) know about the kinetic properties of nanoparticles in the body? Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 49, 217-229 (2007).
2. Ballou B, Ernst LA, Andreko S et al.: Sentinel lymph node imaging using quantum dots in mouse tumor models. Bioconjug. Chem. 18, 389-396 (2007).
3. Choi HS, Liu W, Misra P et al.: Renal clearance of quantum dots. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1165-1170 (2007).
4. Csortos C, Kolosova I, Verin AD: Regulation of vascular endothelial cell barrier function and cytoskeleton structure by protein phosphatases of the PPP family. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 293, L843-L854 (2007).
5. Chapman AP, Antoniw P, Spitali M, West S, Stephens S, King DJ: Therapeutic antibody fragments with prolonged in vivo half-lives. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 780-783 (1999).
6. Goel A, Colcher D, Baranowska-Kortylewicz J et al.: Genetically engineered tetravalent single-chain Fv of the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49: improved biodistribution and potential for therapeutic application. Cancer Res. 60, 6964-6971 (2000).
7. Alazraki NP, Styblo T, Grant SF et al.: Sentinel node staging of early breast cancer using lymphoscintigraphy and the intraoperative gamma detecting probe. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 39, 947-956, viii (2001).
8. Barrett T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H: Imaging of the lymphatic system: new horizons. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging 1, 230-245 (2006).
9. Hamidi M, Azadi A, Rafiei P: Pharmacokinetic consequences of pegylation. Drug Deliv. 13, 399-409 (2006).
10. Deen WM, Lazzara MJ, Myers BD: Structural determinants of glomerular permeability. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 281, F579-F596 (2001).
11. Ohlson M, Sorensson J, Haraldsson B: A gel-membrane model of glomerular charge and size selectivity in series. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 280, F396-F405 (2001).
12. Prescott LF, McAuslane JA, Freestone S: The concentration-dependent disposition and kinetics of inulin. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40, 619-24 (1991).
13. Kobayashi H, Yoo TM, Kim IS et al.: L-lysine effectively blocks renal uptake of 125I- or 99mTc-labeled anti-Tac disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment. Cancer Res. 56, 3788-3795 (1996).
14. Olmsted SS, Padgett JL, Yudin AI, Whaley KJ, Moench TR, Cone RA: Diffusion of macromolecules and virus-like particles in human cervical mucus. Biophys. J. 81, 1930-1937 (2001).
15. Wiener EC, Brechbiel MW, Brothers H et al.: Dendrimer-based metal chelates: a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Magn. Reson. Med. 31, 1-8 (1994).
16. Kobayashi H, Brechbiel MW: Dendrimer-based nanosized MRI contrast agents. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 5, 539-549 (2004).
17. Kobayashi H, Brechbiel MW: Nano-sized MRI contrast agents with dendrimer cores. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 57, 2271-2286 (2005).
18. Kobayashi H, Le N, Kim IS et al.: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of glycolated humanized anti-Tac Fabs are determined by their isoelectric points. Cancer Res. 59, 422-430 (1999).
19. Kuntz E, Kuntz H-D: In: Hepatology: Principles and Practice: History Morphology, Biochemistry, Diagnostics, Clinic, Therapy (2nd Edition). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany 19-24 (2006).
20. Tomalia DA, Reyna LA, Svenson S: Dendrimers as multi-purpose nanodevices for oncology drug delivery and diagnostic imaging. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 35, 61-67 (2007).
21. Bryant LH Jr, Brechbiel MW, Wu C, Bulte JW, Herynek V, Frank JA: Synthesis and relaxometry of high-generation (G = 5, 7, and 10) PAMAM dendrimer-DOTA-gadolinium chelates. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 9, 348-352 (1999).
22. Kobayashi H, Sato N, Hiraga A et al.: 3D-micro-MR angiography of mice using macromolecular MR contrast agents with polyamidoamine dendrimer core with reference to their pharmacokinetic properties. Magn. Reson. Med. 45, 454-460 (2001).
23. 125I-labelled polyamidoamine dendrimers in vivo. J Control Release 65, 133-148 (2000).
24. Kobayashi H, Wu C, Kim MK, Paik CH, Carrasquillo JA, Brechbiel MW: Evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution of indium-111 and yttrium-88 labeled dendrimer-1B4M-DTPA and its conjugation with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. Bioconjug. Chem. 10, 103-111 (1999).
25. Sato N, Kobayashi H, Hiraga A et al.: Pharmacokinetics and enhancement patterns of macromolecular MR contrast agents with various sizes of polyamidoamine dendrimer cores. Magn. Reson. Med. 46, 1169-1173 (2001).
26. Kobayashi H, Jo SK, Kawamoto S et al.: Polyamine dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents for functional kidney imaging to diagnose acute renal failure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 20, 512-518 (2004).
27. Kobayashi H, Kawamoto S, Jo SK, Bryant HL Jr, Brechbiel MW, Star RA: Macromolecular MRI contrast agents with small dendrimers: pharmacokinetic differences between sizes and cores. Bioconjug. Chem. 14, 388-394 (2003).
28. Mohs AM, Lu ZR: Gadolinium (III)-based blood-pool contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: status and clinical potential. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 4, 149-164 (2007).
29. Dong Q, Hurst DR, Weinmann HJ, Chenevert TL, Londy FJ, Prince MR: Magnetic resonance angiography with gadomer-17. An animal study original investigation. Invest. Radiol. 33, 699-708 (1998).
30. Feng Y, Zong Y, Ke T, Jeong EK, Parker DL, Lu ZR: Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and contrast enhanced MR blood pool imaging of Gd-DTPA cystine copolymers and Gd-DTPA cystine diethyl ester copolymers in a rat model. Pharm. Res. 23, 1736-1742 (2000).
31. Zong Y, Wang X, Goodrich KC, Mohs AM, Parker DL, Lu ZR: Contrast-enhanced MRI with new biodegradable macromolecular Gd(III) complexes in tumor-bearing mice. Magn. Reson. Med. 53, 835-842 (2005).
32. Lu ZR, Parker DL, Goodrich KC, Wang X, Dalle JG, Buswell HR: Extracellular biodegradable macromolecular gadolinium(III) complexes for MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 51, 27-34 (2004).
33. Rao J, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Yao H: Fluorescence imaging in vivo: recent advances. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 17-25 (2007).
34. Yang RS, Chang LW, Wu JP et al.: Persistent tissue kinetics and redistribution of nanoparticles, quantum dot 705, in mice: ICP-MS quantitative assessment. Environ. Health Perspect. 115, 1339-1343 (2007).
35. Hardman R: A toxicologic review of quantum dots: toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 165-172 (2006).
36. Ballou B, Lagerholm BC, Ernst LA, Bruchez MP, Waggoner AS: Noninvasive imaging of quantum dots in mice. Bioconjug. Chem. 15, 79-86 (2004).
37. Fischer HC Liu L, Pang KS, Chan WCW: Pharmacokinetics of nanoscale quantum dots: in vivo distribution, sequestration, and clearance in the rat. Adv. Funct. Mater. 16, 1299-1305 (2006).
38. Schipper ML, Cheng Z, Lee SW et al.: MicroPET-based biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice. J. Nucl. Med. 48, 1211-1218 (2007).
39. Chan WCW. In: Bio-Applications of Nanoparticles. Landes Bioscience, Austin, TX, USA (2007).
40. Sitharaman B, Tran LA, Pham QP et al.: Gadofullerenes as nanoscale magnetic labels for cellular MRI. Contrast Media Mol. Imaging 2, 139-146 (2007).
41. Kato H, Kanazawa Y, Okumura M, Taninaka A, Yokawa. T, Shinohara H: Lanthanoid. endohedral metallofullerenols for MRI contrast agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 4391-4397 (2003).
42. 10 as a MRI contrast agent. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5471-5478 (2003).
43. Fatouros PP, Corwin FD, Chen ZJ et al.: In vitro and in vivo imaging studies of a new endohedral metallofullerene nanoparticle. Radiology 240, 756-764 (2006).
44. Toth E, Bolskar RD, Borel A et al.: Water-soluble gadofullerenes: toward high-relaxivity, pH-responsive MRI contrast agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 799-805 (2005).
45. Cagle DW, Kennel SJ, Mirzadeh S, Alford JM, Wilson LJ: In vivo studies of fullerene-based materials using endohedral metallofullerene radiotracers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5182-5187 (1999).
46. Cherukuri P, Gannon CJ, Leeuw TK et al.: Mammalian pharmacokinetics of carbon nanotubes using intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 18882-18886 (2006).
47. Singh R, Pantarotto D, Lacerda L et al.: Tissue biodistribution and blood clearance rates of intravenously administered carbon nanotube radiotracers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 3351-3362 (2006).
48. Liu Z, Davis C, Cal W, He L, Chen X, Dai H: Circulation and long-term fate of functionalized, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice probed by Raman spectroscopy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 1410-1415 (2008).
49. Szoka F Jr, Papahadjopoulos D: Comparative properties and methods of preparation of lipid vesicles (liposomes). Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 9, 467-508 (1980).
50. Jiang W, Kim BY, Rutka JT, Chan WC: Advances and challenges of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 4, 621-633 (2007).
51. Ishida T, Harashima H, Kiwada H: Liposome clearance. Biosci. Rep. 22, 197-224 (2002).
52. Chonn A, Semple SC, Cullis PR: Association of blood proteins with large unilamellar liposomes in vivo. Relation to circulation lifetimes. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18759-18765 (1992).
53. Chonn A, Cullis PR, Devine DV: The role of surface charge in the activation of the classical and alternative pathways of complement by liposomes. J. Immunol. 146, 4234-4241 (1991).
54. Funato K, Yoda R, Kiwada H: Contribution of complement system on destabilization of liposomes composed of hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine in rat fresh plasma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1103, 198-204 (1992).
55. Senior JH: Fate and behavior of liposomes in vivo: a review of controlling factors. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 3, 123-193 (1987).
56. Harashima H, Sakata K, Funato K, Kiwada H: Enhanced hepatic uptake of liposomes through complement activation depending on the size of liposomes. Pharm. Res. 11, 402-406 (1994).
57. Harashima H, Huong TM, Ishida T, Manabe Y, Matsuo H, Kiwada H: Synergistic effect between size and cholesterol content in the enhanced hepatic uptake clearance of liposomes through complement activation in rats. Pharm. Res. 13, 1704-1709 (1996).
58. Zheng J, Liu J, Dunne M, Jaffray DA, Allen C: In vivo performance of a liposomal vascular contrast agent for CT and MR-based image guidance applications. Pharm. Res. 24, 1193-1201 (2007).
59. McLachlan SJ, Eaton S, De Simone DN: Pharmacokinetic behavior of gadoteridol injection. Invest. Radiol. 27(Suppl. 1), S12-S15 (1992).
60. Arvidsson A, Hedman A: Plasma and renal clearance of iohexol: a study on the reproducibility of a method for the glomerular filtration rate. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 50, 757-761 (1990).
61. Hainfeld JF, Slatkin DN, Focella TM, Smilowitz HM: Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br. J. Radiol. 79, 248-253 (2006).
62. Hirsch LR, Gobin AM, Lowery AR et al.: Metal nanoshells. Ann, Biomed. Eng. 34, 15-22 (2006).
63. Zhou HS, Honma II, Komiyama H, Haus JW: Controlled synthesis and quantum-size effect in gold-coated nanoparticles. Phys. Rev B Condens. Matter 50, 12052-12056 (1994).
64. Oldenburg SA, Westcott S, Halas NJ: Nanoengineering of optical resonances. Chem. Phys. Lett. 288 (1998).
65. De Jong WH, Hageris WI, Krystek, P, Burger MC, Sips AJ, Geertsma, RE: Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Biomaterials 29, 1912-1919 (2008).
66. Chen J, Saeki F, Wiley BJ et al.: Gold nanocages: bioconjugation and their potential use as optical imaging contrast agents. Nano Lett. 5, 473-477 (2005).
67. Kattumuri V, Katti K, Bhaskaran S et al.: Gum arabic as a phytochemical construct for the stabilization of gold nenoparticles: in vivo pharmacokinetics and X-ray-contrast-imaging studies. Small 3, 333-341 (2007).
68. Bonnemain B: Superparamagnetic agents in magnetic resonance imaging: physicochemical characteristics and clinical applications. A review. J. Drug Target 6, 167-174 (1998).
69. Corot C, Robert P. Idee JM, Port M: Recent advances in iron oxide nanocrystal technology for medical imaging. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 58, 1471-1504 (2006).
70. Benderbous S, Corot C, Jacobs P, Bonnemain B: Superparamagnetic agents: physicochemical characteristics and preclinical imaging evaluation. Acad. Radiol. 3(Suppl. 2), S292-S294 (1996).
71. Chouly C, Pouliquen D, Lucet I, Jeune JJ, Jallet P: Development of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI: effect of particle size, charge and surface nature on biodistribution. J. Microencapsul. 13, 245-255 (1996).
72. Jain TK, Reddy MK, Morales MA, Leslie-Pelecky DL, Labhasetwar V: Biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, in rats. Med. Pharm. 5, 316-327 (2008).
73. Briley-Saebo K, Bjornerud A, Grant D, Ahlstrom H, Berg T, Kindberg GM: Hepatic cellular distribution and degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles following single intravenous injection in rats: implications for magnetic resonance imaging. Cell Tissue Res. 316, 315-323 (2004).
74. Bourrinet P, Bengele HH, Bonnemain B et al.: Preclinical safety and pharmacokinetic profile of ferumoxtran-10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance contrast agent. Invest. Radiol. 41, 313-324 (2006).
75. Wisse E, Doucet D, Van Bossuyt H: A transmission electron microscopic study on the uptake of AMI-25 by sinusoidal liver cells. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid (Volume 3). Wisse E, Knook DL, McCuskey RS (Eds.). The Kupffer Cell Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands 534-539 (1991).
76. Yao G, Wang L, Wu Y et al.: FloDots: luminescent nanoparticles. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 385, 518-524 (2006).
77. Taylor KM, Kim JS, Rieter WJ, An H, Lin W: Mesoporous silica nanospheres as highly efficient MRI contrast agents. J. Am. Chem. Son 130, 2154-2155 (2008).