Destination Branding: A Critical Overview

Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 81-102

  Pereira, Rosaria L G ^a   Correia, Antonia L ^a   Schutz, Ronaldo L A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE   (Portugal)

Author keywords

brand image; brand personality; destination branding; tourism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860879331     PISSN: 1528008X     EISSN: 15280098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1528008X.2012.645198     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Aaker, D. A. October 1995. "Measuring the human characteristics of a brand. Paper presented at the". In Annual Conference of the Association of Consumer Research October, Boston, MA
2. Aaker, D. A. 1996. Building strong brands, New York, NY: Free Press.
3. Aaker, J. L. 1997. Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34: 347-356.
4. Aaker, D. A. 1998. Brand equity, New York, NY: Elsevier.
5. Aaker, J. L. 1999. The malleable self: The role of self expression in persuasion. Journal of Marketing Research, 36 February: 45-57.
6. Aaker, J. L., Benet-Martínez, V. and Garolera, J. 2001. Consumption of symbols as carriers of culture: A study of Japanese and Spanish brand personality constructs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(3): 492-508.
7. Aaker, J. L. and Fournier, S. 1995. A brand as a character, a partner and a person: Three perspectives on the question of brand personality. Advances in Consumer Research, 22: 391-395.
8. Aaker, J. L., Fournier, S. and Brasel, S. A. 2004. When good brands do bad. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1): 1-16.
9. Azoulay, A. and Kapferer, J. 2003. Do brand personality scales really measure brand personality?. Journal of Brand Management, 2: 143-155.
10. Back, K. and Lee, K. 2003. "Brand personality and its impact on brand loyalty in the upper-upscale hotel industry". In Proceedings of the First Asia-Pacific CHRIE Conference in Seoul, Korea, 2003, 205-215. Seoul, Korea: International Council on Hotel Restaurant and Institutional Education.
11. Baloglu, S. and Brinberg, D. 1997. Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4): 11-15.
12. Baloglu, S. and McCleary, K. W. 1999. A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26: 868-897.
13. Belk, R. W. 1988. Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 2: 139-168.
14. Biel, A. L. 1992. How brand image drives brand equity. Journal of Advertising Research, 32 November/December: RC6-RC12.
15. Blain, C., Levy, S. E. and Ritchie, R. B. 2005. Destination branding: Insights and practices from destination management organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 43: 328-338.
16. Blythe, J. 2007. Advertising creative and brand personality: A grounded theory perspective. Journal of Brand Management, 14: 284-294.
17. Boo, S., Busser, J. and Baloglu, S. 2009. A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30: 219-231.
18. Brown, T., Dacin, P. A., Pratt, M. G. and Whetten, D. A. 2006. Identity, intended image, constructed image and reputation: An interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2): 99-106.
19. Buhalis, D. 2000. Marketing the competitive destination for the future. Tourism Management, 21: 97-116.
20. Cai, L. 2002. Cooperative branding for rural destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 29: 720-742.
21. Calder, B. J. and Reagan, S. 2001. "Brand design". In Kellogg on marketing, Edited by: Iacobucci, D. 58-73. New York, NY: John Wiley.
22. Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C. and Guido, G. 2001. Brand personality: How to make the metaphor fit?. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22: 377-395.
23. Chon, K. S. 1991. Tourism destination image modification process: Marketing implications. Tourism Management, 12: 68-72.
24. Curtis, J. 2001. Branding a state: The evolution of brand Oregon. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7: 75-81.
25. D'Astous, A. and Boujbel, L. 2007. Positioning countries on personality dimensions: Scale development and implications for country marketing. Journal of Business Research, 60: 231-239.
26. De Chernatony, L. 2001. From brand vision to brand evaluation. Strategically building and sustaining brands, Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann.
27. De Chernatony, L. and Dall'Omo Riley, F. D. 1998. Defining "brand" beyond the literature with experts' interpretations. Journal of Marketing Management, 14: 417-443.
28. Deslandes, D. D. 2003. Assessing consumer perceptions of destinations: A necessary first step in the destination branding process, Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University.
29. Dobni, D. and Zinkhan, G. M. 1990. In search of brand image: A foundation analysis. Advances in Consumer Research, 17: 110-119.
30. Douglas, A. C. and Mills, J. 2006. "Logging brand personality online: Website content analysis of Middle Eastern and North African destinations". In Information and communication technologies in tourism, Edited by: Hitz, M., Sigala, M. and Murphy, J. 345-353. New York, NY: Springer Wien.
31. Durgee, J. F. and Stuart, R. W. 1987. Advertising symbols and brand names that best represent key product meanings. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 4(3): 15-24.
32. Ekinci, Y. 2003. From destination image to destination branding: An emerging area of research. e-Review of Tourism Research, 1(2): 21-24.
33. Ekinci, Y. and Hosany, S. 2006. Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45: 127-139.
34. Fiske, J. 1989. Reading the popular, Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
35. Fournier, S. 1998. Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24: 343-373.
36. Friedmann, R. and Lessig, V. P. 1987. Psychological meaning of products and product positioning. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 4: 263-273.
37. Gartner, B. B. and Levy, S. J. 1955. The product and the brand. Harvard Business Review, 33: 33-39.
38. Genereux, R. L, Ward, L. M. and Russel, J. A. 1983. The behavioral component in the meaning of places. Environmental Psychology, 3: 43-55.
39. Gilmore, F. 2002. "Branding for success". In Destination branding: Creating a unique destination proposition, Edited by: Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, R. 57-65. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann.
40. Gnoth, J. 1998. Conference reports: Branding tourism destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 25: 758-760.
41. Gnoth, J. 2002. Leveraging export brands through a tourism destination brand. Journal of Brand Management, 9(4/54/5): 62-280.
42. Hall, D. 2002. Brand development, tourism and national identity: The re-imaging of former Yugoslavia. Brand Management, 9(4/5): 323-334.
43. Hankinson, G. 2004. Relational network brands: Towards a conceptual model of place brands. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(2): 109-121.
44. Hankinson, G. 2005. Destination brand images: A business tourism perspective. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(1): 24-32.
45. Henderson, J. 2000. Selling places: The new Asia-Singapore brand. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 11(1): 26-44.
46. Hendon, D. W. and Williams, E. L. 1985. Winning the battle for your customer. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2(4): 65-75.
47. Heylen, J. P., Dawson, B. and Sampson, P. 1995. An implicit model of consumer behavior. Journal of the Marketing Research Society, 37(1): 51-67.
48. Hoeffler, S. and Keller, K. L. 2003. The marketing advantage of strong brands. Journal of Brand Management, 10(6): 421-445.
49. Hosany, S. and Ekinci, Y. 2003. "An application of the brand personality scale into tourist destinations: Can destinations be branded?". In Proceedings of the 34th Annual TTRA Conference, 1-11. St Louis, MO: Travel and Tourism Research Association.
50. Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y. and Uysal, M. 2006. Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places. Journal of Business Research, 59(5): 638-642.
51. Kapferer, J. N. 1997. Strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term, 2nd, London, UK: Kogan Page.
52. Kaplanidou, K. and Vogt, C. 2003. Destination branding: Concept and measurement, East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources.
53. Kassarjian, H. H. 1971. Personality and consumer behavior: A review. Journal of Marketing Research, 8: 409-418.
54. Keller, K. L. 1993. Conceptualizing measuring and managing consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57: 1-22.
55. Keller, K. L. 1998. Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
56. Keller, K. L. and Aaker, D. A. 1998. Corporate-level marketing: The impact of credibility on company's brand extensions. Corporate Reputation Review, 1(4): 356-378.
57. King, J. 2002. Destination marketing organizations: Connecting the experience rather than promoting the place. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(2): 105-108.
58. Klaeber, F. 1950. Beowulf and the fight at Finnsburg, Boston, MA: D.C. Health.
59. Kleine, R. E., Kleine, S. S. and Kernan, J. B. 1993. Mundane consumption and the self: A social identity perspective. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3): 209-235.
60. Konecnik, M. and Gartner, W. C. 2007. Customer-based brand equity for a destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2): 400-421.
61. Kotler, P. H. 1991. Marketing management: Analysis, planning, and control, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
62. Levy, S. J. 1959. Symbols for sales. Harvard Business Review, 37(4): 117-124.
63. Leiper, N. 1995. Tourism management, Melbourne, Australia: RMIT Press.
64. Malhotra, N. K. 1988. Self-concept and product choice: An integrated perspective. Journal of Economic Psychology, 9: 1-28.
65. Martineu, P. 1959. Shaper focus for the corporate image. Harvard Business Review, 36(1): 49-58.
66. Mayer, M. 1958. Madison Avenue, New York, NY: Harper.
67. McCraken, G. 1989. Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3): 310-321.
68. Milas, G. and Mlačič, B. 2007. Brand personality and human personality: Findings from ratings of familiar Croatian brands. Journal of Business Research, 60: 620-626.
69. Moore, K. and Reid, S. 2008. The birth of brand: 4000 years of branding. Business History, 50: 419-432.
70. Morgan, N. and Pritchard, A. 2002. "Contextualizing destination branding". In Destination branding: Creating the unique destination proposition, Edited by: Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, A. 11-43. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
71. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Piggott, R. 2003. Destination branding and the role of stakeholders: The case of New Zealand. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(3): 285-299.
72. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, R. 2004. Destination branding: Creating the unique destination proposition, Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
73. Morrison, A. M. and Anderson, D. J. June 2002. Destination branding. Paper presented at the Missouri Association of Convention and Visitor Bureau Annual Meeting June, Lake of the Ozarks, MO
74. Mundt, J. W. 2002. The branding of myths and the myths of branding. Some critical remarks on the 'branding' of destinations. Tourism, 50(4): 339-348.
75. Murphy, L., Benckendorff, P. and Moscardo, G. 2007a. Linking travel motivation, tourist self-image and destination brand personality. Journal of Travel and Tourist Marketing, 22(2): 45-59.
76. Murphy, L., Moscardo, G. and Benckendorff, P. 2007b. Using brand personality to differentiate regional tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 46: 5-14.
77. Newman, J. W. 1957. New insight, new progress for marketing. Harvard Business Review, November-December: 95-102.
78. Nuttin, J. 1984. Motivation, planning and action: A relational theory of behaviour dynamics, Louvain, Belgium: Louvain University Press and Lawrence Erlbaum.
79. O'Donohoe, S. 1994. Advertising uses and gratifications. European Journal of Marketing, 28: 52-75.
80. Ooi, C. S. 2004. Poetics & politics of destination branding: Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 4(2): 107-128.
81. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. 2002. Country equity & country branding: Problems & prospects. Brand Management, 9(4/5): 294-314.
82. Park, C. W., Jaworski, B. J. and MacInnis, D. J. 1986. Strategic brand concept-image management. Journal of Marketing, 50 October: 135-145.
83. Patterson, M. 1999. Re-appraising the concept of brand image. Journal of Brand Management, 6(6): 409-426.
84. Pereira, R., Correia, A. and Schutz, R. 2009. "Towards a tourism brand personality taxonomy: A survey of practices". In Marketing innovations for sustainable destinations, Edited by: Fyall, A., Kozak, M., Andreu, L., Gnoth, J. and Lebe, S. S. 254-267. Oxford, UK: Goodfellow.
85. Phau, I. and Lau, K. C. 2000. Conceptualising brand personality: A review and research propositions. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 9(1): 52-69.
86. Phau, I. and Lau, K. C. 2001. Brand personality and consumer self-expression: Single or dual carriageway?. Journal of Brand Management, 8: 428-444.
87. Plummer, J. T. 1985. How personality makes a difference. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(6): 27-31.
88. Plummer, J. 2000. How personality makes are different. Journal of Advertising Research, 40: 79-83.
89. Pohlman, R. A. and Mudd, S. 1973. Market image as a function of group and product type: A quantitative approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57(2): 167-171.
90. Prebensen, N. K. 2007. Exploring tourists' images of a distant destination. Tourism Management, 28: 747-756.
91. Pritchard, A. and Morgan, N. J. 2001. Culture, identity & tourism representation: Marketing Cymru of Wales?. Tourism Management, 22: 167-179.
92. Ritchie, J. R. B. and Ritchie, R. J. B. September 1998. "The branding of tourism destinations: Past achievements & future challenges. Paper presented at the Annual Congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism". September, Marrakech, Morocco
93. Runyon, K. E. and Stewart, D. 1987. Consumer behavior, Columbus, OH: Merrill.
94. Sirgy, M. 1982. Self-concept in consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 9: 287-300.
95. Sirgy, M. 1985. Using self-congruity and ideal congruity to predict purchase motivation. Journal of Business Research, 13: 195-206.
96. Smothers, N. 1993. "Can products and brands have charisma?". In Brand equity and advertising, Edited by: Aaker, D. A. and Biel, A.L. 97-111. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
97. Solomon, M. 1983. The role of products as social stimuli: A symbolic interactionism perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 10 December: 80-84.
98. Solomon, M. 1999. Consumer behavior, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
99. Sommers, M. S. 1963. "Product symbolism and perceptions of social strata". In Towards scientific marketing, Edited by: Greyser, S. A. 200-216. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
100. Stern, B. B. 2006. What does brand mean? Historical-analysis method and construct definition. Journal of the Academic Marketing Science, 34(2): 216-223.
101. Swartz, T. A. 1983. Brand symbols and message differentiation. Journal of Advertising Research, 23(5): 59-64.
102. Tasci, A. D. A., Gartner, W. C. and Cavusgil, S. T. 2007. Measurement of destination brand bias using a quasi-experimental design. Tourism Management, 28(6): 1529-1540.
103. Todd, J.H. 1942. An apology for Lollard doctrines, London: Camden Society.
104. Upshaw, L. 1995. Building brand identity: A strategy for success in a hostile market place, New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
105. Yoon, T. 2004. An empirical study of the concept of brand personality: The case of restaurants. (Doctoral dissertation), England: University of Surrey.