Nutritional and regulatory role of branched-chain amino acids in lactation

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 17, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 2725-2739

  Lei, Jian ^a   Feng, Dingyuan ^a   Zhang, Yongliang ^a   Zhao, Feng Qi ^b   Wu, Zhenlong ^c   Gabriel, Ana San ^d   Fujishima, Yoshiyuki ^d   Uneyama, Hisayuki ^d   Wu, Guoyao ^c,e  

^a SOUTH CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^c CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d AJINOMOTO CO INC   (Japan)

^e TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Branched chain amino acids; Lactation; Mammary epithelial cells; Milk; Review

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 84860294280     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/4082     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Guoyao Wu: Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 37, 1-17 (2009)
2. Guoyao Wu: Functional amino acids in growth, reproduction, and health. Adv Nutr 1, 31-37 (2010)
3. Tony E Haynes, Peng Li, Xilong Li, Kazuhiro Shimotori, Hiroyuki Sato, Nick E Flynn, Junjun Wang, Darrell A Knabe and Guoyao Wu: L-Glutamine or Lalanyl-L-glutamine prevents oxidant-or endotoxin-induced death of neonatal enterocytes. Amino Acids 37, 131-142 (2009)
4. RD Mateo, G Wu, HK Moon, JA Carroll and SW Kim: Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. J Anim Sci 86, 827-835 (2008) (Pubitemid 351535456)
5. Dean Boyd, Ronald Kensinger, Robert Harrell and Dale Bauman: Nutrient uptake and endocrine regulation of milk synthesis by mammary tissue of lacating sows. J Anim Sci 73 (Suppl. 2), 36-56 (1995)
6. Robert Rhoads and Ewa Grudzien-Nogalska: Translational regulation of milk protein synthesis at secretory activation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 12, 283-292 (2007) (Pubitemid 50004025)
7. Sung Woo Kim and Guoyao Wu: Regulatory role for amino acids in mammary gland growth and milk synthesis. Amino Acids 37, 89-95 (2009)
8. SW Kim, WL Hurley, Guoyao Wu and Fei Ji: Ideal amino acid balance for sows during gestation and lactation. J Anim Sci 87, E123-132 (2009)
9. Gang Xu, Guim Kwon, Connie Maeshall, Tai-An Lin, John Lawrence and Michael McDaniel: Branched-chain amino acids are essential in the regulation of PHAS-I and p70 S6 kinase by pancreatic β-cells: A possible role in protein translation and mitogen signaling. J Biol Chem 273, 28178-28184 (1998) (Pubitemid 28496115)
10. Mitsutoshi Kimura and Masahiko Ogihara: Effects of branched-chain amino acids on DNA synthesis and proliferation in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Europ J Pharmacol 510, 167-180 (2005) (Pubitemid 40349195)
11. Estela Maria Gonçalves and Maria Cristina Gomes-Marcondes: Leucine affects the fibroblastic Vero cells stimulating the cell proliferation and modulating the proteolysis process. Amino Acids 38, 145-153 (2010)
12. Giuseppe D'Anona, Maurizio Ragni, Annalisa Cardile, Laura Tedesco, Marta Dossena, Flavia Bruttini, Francesca Caliaro, Giovanni Corsetti, Roberto Bottinelli, Michele Carruba, Alessandra Valerio, and Enzo Nisoli: Branchedchain amino acid supplementation promotes survival and supports cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in middle-aged mice. Cell Metab 12 (4), 362-372 (2010)
13. Chanelle Toerien, Donald Trout, and John Cant: Nutritional stimulation of milk protein yield of cows is associated with changes in phosphorylation of mammary eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and ribosomal S6 kinase 1. J Nutr 140, 285-292 (2010)
14. Yana Moshel, Robert Rhoads, and Itamar Barash: Role of amino acids in translational mechanisms governing milk protein synthesis in murine and ruminant mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 98, 685-700 (2006) (Pubitemid 43727185)
15. Trottier NL, Shipley CF and Easter RA: Plasma amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of the lactating sow. J Anim Sci 75, 1266-1278 (1997) (Pubitemid 127441656)
16. Peng Li, Darrell Knabe, Sung Woo Kim, Christopher Lynch, Susan Hutson, Guoyao Wu: Lactating porcine mammary tissue catabolized branched-chain amino acids for glutamine and asparate synthesis. J Nutr 139, 1502-1509 (2009)
17. Mackenzie Walser: Role of branched-chain ketoacids in protein metabolism. Kidney Int 38, 595-604 (1990) (Pubitemid 20299410)
18. Guoyao Wu: Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. J Nutr 128, 1249-1252 (1998)
19. Soledad Desantiago, Nimbe Torres, Agus Suryawan, Armando Tovar and Susan Hutson: Regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the lactating rat. J Nutr 128, 1165-1171 (1998) (Pubitemid 28317682)
20. John Brosnan and Margret Brosnan: Branched-chain amino acids: enzymes and substrate regulation. J Nutr 136, 207S-211S (2006) (Pubitemid 43156510)
21. Juan Viña and Dermot Williamson: Effects of lactation on L-leucine metabolism in the rat. Biochem J 194, 941-947 (1981)
22. Guoyao Wu, Fuller W. Bazer, Gregory A. Johnson, Darrell A. Knabe, Robert C. Burghardt, Thomas E. Spencer, Xilong Li, and Junjun Wang: Important roles for L-glutamine in swine nutrition and production. J Anim Sci 89: 2017-2030 (2011)
23. Guoyao Wu and Darrell Knabe: Free and protein-bound amino acids in sow's colostrum and milk. J Nutr 124, 415-424 (1994) (Pubitemid 24096493)
24. Teresa Davis, Hanh Nguyen, Roselina Garcia-Bravo, Marta Fiorotto, Evelyn Jackson, Douglas Lewis, Rick Lee and Peter Reeds: Amino acid composition in human milk. J Nutr 124, 1126-1132 (1994) (Pubitemid 24226519)
25. Herbert Windmueller, Albert Spaeth: Uptake and metabolism of plasma glutamine by the small intestine. J Biol Chem 249, 5070-5079 (1974)
26. Barbara Stoll, Douglas Burrin, Joseph Hebry, Hung Yu, Farook Jahoor, and Peter Reeds: Substrate oxidation by the portal drained viscera of fed piglets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 227, 168-175 (1999)
27. Guoyao Wu, Darrell Knabe, Yan W, and Nick Flynn: Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 268, 334-342 (1995)
28. Marc Rhoads and Guoyao Wu: Glutamine, arginine, and leucine singaling in the intestine. Amino Acids 37, 111-122 (2009)
29. Pengbin Xi, Zongyong Jiang, Chuntian Zheng, Yingcai Lin and Guoyao Wu: Regulation of protein metabolism by glutamine: implications for nutrition and health. Front Biosci 16, 578-597 (2011)
30. Yulong Yin, Kang Yao, Zhaojin Liu, Min Gong, Zheng Ruan, Dun Deng, Bie Tan, Zhiqiang Liu and Guoyao Wu: Supplementing L-leucine to a low-protein diet increases tissue protein synthesis in weanling pigs. Amino Acids 39, 1477-1486 (2010)
31. Peter Reeds, Douglas Burrin, Barbara Stoll, Farook Jahoor, Linda Wykes, Henry Joseph, and Margaret Frazer: Enteral glutamate is the preferential source for mucosal glutathione synthesis in fed piglets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 273 E408-E415 (1997)
32. Peter Reeds and Douglas Burrin: Glutamate and the bowel. J Nutr 131, 2505S-2508S (2001)
33. Herbert Windmueller, Albert Spaeth: Respiratory fuels and notrogen metabolism in vivo in small intestine of fed rats. J Biol Chem 255, 107-112 (1980)
34. Carlo Agostoni, Brunella Carratu, Concetta Boniglia, Enrica Riva and Elisabetta Sanzini. Free amino acid content in standard infant formulas: comparison with human milk. J Am Coll Nutr 19, 434-438 (2000) (Pubitemid 30629146)
35. Xin Wu, Zheng Ruan, Yuling Gao, Yulong Yin, Xihong Zhou, Lei Wang, Meimei Geng, Yongqing Hou and Guoyao Wu: Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or Ncarbamylglutamate enhances intestinal growth and heat shock protein-70 expression in weanling pigs fed a corn-and soybean meal-based diet. Amino Acids 39, 831-839 (2010)
36. Bie Tan, Yulong Yin, Xiangfeng Kong, Peng Li, Xilong Li, Haijun Gao, Xinguo Li, Ruiling Huang and Guoyao Wu: L-Arginine stimulates proliferation and prevents endotoxininduced death of intestinal cells. Amino Acids 38, 1227-1235 (2010)
37. Guoyao Wu, Darrell Knabe and Sung Woo Kim: Arginine nutrition in neonatal pigs. J Nutr 134, 2783S-2390S (2004)
38. Sung Woo Kim and Guoyao Wu: Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the growth of milk-fed young pigs. J Nutr 134, 625-630 (2004) (Pubitemid 38298507)
39. Meimei Geng, Taijun Li, Xiangfeng Kong, Xiaoyan Song, Wuying Chu, Ruilin Huang, Yulong Yin and Guoyao Wu: Reduced expression of intestinal N-acetylglutamate synthase in suckling piglets: a novel molecular mechanism for arginine as a nutritionally essential amino acid for neonates. Amino Acids 40, 1513-1522 (2011)
40. Guoyao Wu, Fuller Bazer, Teresa Davis, Sung Woo Kim, Peng Li, Marc Rhoads, Carey Satterfield, Smith Smith, Thomas Spencer and Yulong Yin: Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 37, 153-168 (2009)
41. Junjun Wang, Lixiang Chen, Peng Li, Xilong Li, Huaijun Zhou, Fenglai Wang, Defa Li, Yulong Yin and Guoyao Wu: Gene expression is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and dietary glutamine supplementation. J Nutr 138, 1025-1032 (2008) (Pubitemid 351769124)
42. Michael Weiss, Vincent Demarco, Daniel Strauss, Donald Samuelson, Meredith Lane and Josef Nue: Glutamine synthetase: a key enzyme for intestinal epithelial differentiation? J Parenter Enteral Nutr 23, 140-146 (1999) (Pubitemid 29218479)
43. Yulong Yin, Ruilin Huang, Taijun Li, Zheng Ruan, Mingyong Xie, Zeyun Deng, Yongqing Hou and Guoyao Wu: Amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera of young pigs: effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan and pea hull. Amino Acids 39, 1581-1587 (2010)
44. Guoyao Wu, Darrell Knabe, Wene Yan and Nick Flynn. Glutamine and glucose metabolism in enterocytes of the neonatal pig. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 268, R334-R342 (1995)
45. RS Kensinger, RJ Collier, FW Bazer, CA Ducsay and HN Becker: Nucleic acid, metabolic and histological changes in gilt mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactogenesis. J Anim Sci 54, 1297-1308 (1982)
46. SW Kim, WL Hurley, IK Han and RA Easter: Changes in tissue composition associated with mammary gland growth during lactation in sows. J Anim Sci 77, 2510-2516 (1999) (Pubitemid 129558877)
47. Sung Woo Kim and Guoyao Wu: Regulatory role for amino acids in mammary gland growth and milk synthesis. Amino Acids 37, 89-95 (2009)
48. Sung Woo Kim, Guoyao Wu and David Baker: Ideal protein and amino acid requirements by gestating and lactating sows. Pig News Inform 26, 89N-99N (2005)
49. Do-Hyung Kim, Dos Sarbassov, Siraj Ali, Jessie King, Robert Latek, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Paul Tempst, and David Sabatini: mTOR interacts with raptor to form a nutrient-sensitive complex that signals to the cell growth machinery. Cell 110, 163-175 (2002) (Pubitemid 34876545)
50. So Hee Kim, Kim Zukowski and Raymond Novak: Rapamycin effects on mTOR signaling in benign, premalignant and malignant human breast epithelial cells. Antican Res 29, 1143-1150 (2009)
51. Diane Fingar, Sofie Salama, Christina Tsou, Ed Harlow, and John Blenis: Mammalian cell size is controlled by mTOR and its downstream targets S6K1 and 4EBP1/eIF4E. Genes Dev 16, 1472-1487 (2002) (Pubitemid 34686329)
52. Diane Fingar, Celeste Richardson, Andrew Tee, Lynn Cheatham, Christina Tsou, and John Blenis: mTOR controls cell cycle progression through its cell growth effectors S6K1 and 4EBP1/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. Mol Cell Biol 24 (1), 200-216 (2004) (Pubitemid 38010048)
53. Julian Blow and Tomoyuki Tanaka: The chromosome cycle: Coordinating replication and segregation. EMBO Reports 6, 1028-1034 (2005) (Pubitemid 41637646)
54. Guoyao Wu, Fuller Bazer, Robert Burghardt, Gregory Johnson, Sung Woo Kim, Darrell Knabe, Peng Li, Xilong Li, Jason McKnight, Carey Satterfield and Thomas Spencer: Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition. Amino Acids 40, 1053-1063 (2011)
55. G Wu, FW Bazer, RC Burghardt, GA Johnson, SW Kim, XL Li, MC Satterfield and TE Spencer: mpacts of amino acid nutrition on pregnancy outcome in pigs: mechanisms and implications for swine production. J Anim Sci 88, E195-E204 (2010)
56. BJ Bequette, FRC Backwell and LA Crompton: Current concepts of amino acid and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ruminant. J Dairy Sci 81, 2540-2559 (1998) (Pubitemid 128461063)
57. Reza Rezaei, Darrell A. Knabe, Xilong Li, Shuo Feng and Guoyao Wu: Enhanced efficiency of milk utilization for growth in surviving low-birth-weight piglets. J Anim Sci Biotech 2, 73-83 (2011)
58. Karen Thodberg and Martin Sørensen: Mammary development and milk production in the sow: Effects of udder massage, genotype and feeding in late gestation. Lives Sci 101, 116-125 (2006) (Pubitemid 43669133)
59. King RH, Mullan BP, Dunshea FR and Dove H: The influence of piglet body on milk production of sows. Lives Prod Sci 47, 169-174 (1997) (Pubitemid 127382513)
60. Agu Suryawan, and Teresa Davis. Regulation of protein synthesis by amino acids in muscle of neonates. Front Biosci 16, 1445-60 (2011)
61. Fengna Li, Yulong Yin, Bie Tan, Xiangfeng Kong and Guoyao Wu: Leucine nutrition in animals and humans: mTOR signaling and beyond. Amino Acids 41, 1185-1193 (2011)
62. Guoyao Wu: Recent advances in swine amino acid nutrition. J Anim Sci Biotech 1, 49-61 (2010)
63. Marcin Jankiewicz, Brernd Groner, and Sylvane Desrivières: Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates the growth of mammary epithelial cells through the inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid binding Id1 and their functional differentiation through Id2. Mol Endocrinol 20 (10) 2369-2381 (2006) (Pubitemid 44496407)
64. JAD Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy, Nicole A Knoebel, WA Deepthi Nayananjalie Jeffery Escobar, Mark Hanigan: Isoleucine and leucine independently regulate mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in MAC-T cells and bovine mammary tissue slices. J Nutr. doi:10.3945/jn.111.152595 (2012)
65. Estela Jacinto, Robbie Loewith, Anja Schmidt, Shuo Lin, Markus Rüegg, Alan Hall and Michael Hall: Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the atin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive. Nature Cell Biol 6, 1122-1131 (2004)
66. Junjun Wang, Zhenlong Wu, Defa Li, Ning Li, Scott Dindot, Carey Satterfield, Fuller Bazer and Guoyao Wu. Nutrition, epigenetics, and metabolic syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal. doi: 10.1089/ars.2011.4381 (2012)
67. Peng Li, Yulong Yin, Defa Li, Sung Woo Kim and Guoyao Wu: Amino acids and immune function. Br J Nutr 98, 237-252 (2007) (Pubitemid 47091364)
68. Thomas Rosano and David Jones. Developmental changes in mitochadria during the transition into lactation in the mouse mammary gland. I. Behavior on isopycnic gradient centrifugation. J Cell Biol 69, 573-580 (1976)
69. Thomas Rosano, SK Lee and David Jones: Developmental changes in mitochadria during the transition into lactation in the mouse mammary gland. Membrane marker enzymes and membrane ultrasructure. J Cell Biol 69, 581-588 (1976)
70. Ashley Alvers, Laura Fishwick, Michael Wood, Doreen Hu, Hye Chung, William Dunn Jr, and John Aris: Autophage and amino acid homeostasis are required for chronological longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aging Cell 8, 353-369 (2009)
71. Grinari JM, McGuire MA, Dwyer DA, Bauman DE, Barbano DM, and House WA. The role of insulin in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 80, 2361-2371 (1997) (Pubitemid 127446931)
72. Alan Bell and Dale Bauman: Regulation of amino acid metabolism in dairy and beef cattle. 21st Annual Southwest Nutrition & Management Conference, Arizona, 34-44 (2006)
73. Richert BT, Goodband RD, Tokach MD and Nelssen JL: Increasing valine, isoluecine, and total brancded-chain amino acids for lactating sows. J Anim Sci, 75, 2117-2128 (1997) (Pubitemid 127443335)
74. Mark Tischler, M Desautels and Alfred Goldberg. Does leucine, leucyl-tRNA, or some metabolite of leucine regulate protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal and cardiac muscle? J Biol Chem, 257, 1613-1621 (1982) (Pubitemid 12157110)
75. Peter Garlick and Ian Grant: Amino acid infusion increases the sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis in vivo to insulin. Effect of branched-chain amino acid. Biochem J 254, 579-584 (1988)
76. William Mitch and Andrew Clark. Specificity of the effects of leucine and its metabolites on protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Biochem J 222, 579-586 (1984) (Pubitemid 14007826)
77. John Tayek, Bruce Bistrian, Dermot Hehir, Ramon Martin, Lyle Moldawer and George Blackburn: Improved protein kinetics and albumin synthesis by branched-chain amino acid-enriched total parenteral nutrition in cancer cachexia. Cancer 58, 147-157 (1986) (Pubitemid 16093118)
78. Balvin Chua, Daniel Siehl and Howard Morgan: Effect of leucine and metabolites of branched chain amino acids on protein turnover in heart. J Biol Chem 254, 8358-8362 (1979) (Pubitemid 10234428)
79. Aaron Ciechanover: Intracellular protein degradation: From a vague idea through the lysosome and the ubiquitinproteasome system and onto human diseases and drug targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta 1824, 3-13 (2012)
80. Sílvia Busquets, Belén Alvarez, Marta Llovera, Neus Agell N, Francisco López-Soriano and Josep Argilés: Branched-chain amino acids inhibit proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle: mechanisms involved. J Cell Physiol 184, 380-384 (2000) (Pubitemid 30625502)
81. Kang Yao, Yulong Yin, Xilong Li, Pengbin Xi, Junjun Wang, Jian Lei, Yongqing Hou and Guoyao Wu: Alphaketoglutarate inhibits glutamine degradation and enhances protein synthesis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1060-6 (2011)
82. Xilong Li, Reza Rezaei, Peng Li and Guoyao Wu: Composition of amino acids in feed ingredients for animal diets. Amino Acids 40, 1159-1168 (2011)
83. Yongqing Hou, Lei Wang, Binying Ding, Yulan Liu, Huiling Zhu, Jian Liu, Yongtang Li, Xin Wu, Yulong Yin and Guoyao Wu: Dietary α-ketoglutarate supplementation ameliorates intestinal injury in lipopolysaccharidechallenged piglets. Amino Acids 39, 555-564 (2010)
84. WZ Wu, XQ Wang, GY Wu, SW Kim, F Chen and JJ Wang: Differential composition of proteomes in sow colostrum and milk from anterior and posterior mammary glands. J Anim Sci 88, 2657-2664 (2010)
85. M Salleh Ardawi and May F Majzoub: Glutamine and ketone-body metabolism in the small intestine of starved peak-lactating rats. Biochimeie 70, 749-755 (1988)
86. Okine EK, Glimm OR, Thompson JR, Kennelly JJ: Influence of stage of lactation on glucose and glutamine metabolism in isolated enterocytes from dairy cattle. Metabolism 44, 325-331 (1995)
87. L Doepel, GE Lobley, JF Bernier, P Dubreuil and H Lapierre: Effect of glutamine supplementation on splanchnic metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 90, 4325-4333 (2007) (Pubitemid 350045211)
88. Shennan D and Peaker M: Transport of milk constituents by the mammary gland. Physiol Rev 80, 925-951 (2000) (Pubitemid 30452007)
89. O'Quinn PR, Darrell Knabe, Guoyao Wu: Arginine catabolism in lactating porcine mammary tissue. J Anim Sci 80, 467-474 (2002) (Pubitemid 41138551)
90. BT Richert, MD Tokach, RD Goodband, JL Nelssen, RG Campbell and Kershaw S: The effect of dietary lysine and valine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance. J Anim Sci 75, 1853-1860 (1997) (Pubitemid 127445001)
91. BT Richert, MD Tokach, RD Goodband, JL Nelssen, JE Pettigrew, RD Walker, LJ Johnston: Valine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow. J Anim Sci 74, 1307-1313 (1997)
92. SA Moser, MD Tokach, SS Dritz, RD Goodband, JL Nelssen and Loughmiller JA: The effects of branched-chain amino acids on sow and litter performance. J Anim Sci 78, 658-667 (2000)
93. BR Paulicks, H Ott and DA Roth-Maier: Performance of lactating sows in response to the dietary valine supply. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 87, 389-396 (2003) (Pubitemid 38061899)
94. Henri Rulquin and Pawel Pisulewski: Effects of graded levels of duodenal infusions of leucine on mammary uptake and output in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Res 73, 328-339 (2006) (Pubitemid 44126938)
95. Dewey KG: Maternal and fetal stress are associated with impaired lactogenesis in humans. J Nutr 131, 3012S-3015S (2001)
96. JA Appuhamy, JR Knapp, O Becvar, J Escobar and MD Hanigan: Effects of jugular-infused lysine, methionine, and branched-chain amino acids on milk protein synthesis in high-producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 94, 1952-1960 (2011)
97. Guoyao Wu, Darrell Knabe, Nick Flynn, Wene Yan and Sean Flynn: Arginine degradation in developing porcine enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 271, G913-G919 (1996)
98. Zhaolai Dai, Jin Zhang, Guoyao, and Weiyun Zhu. Utilization of amino acids by bacteria from the pig small intestine. Amino Acids 39, 1201-1215 (2010)
99. Zhaolai Dai, Guoyao Wu and Weiyun Zhu: Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria: links between gut ecology and host health. Front Biosci 16, 1768-1786 (2011)
100. Yongqing Hou, Lei Wang, Binying Ding, Yulan Liu, Huiling Zhu, Jian Liu, Yongtang Li, Ping Kang, Yulong Yin and Guoyao Wu: Alpha-ketoglutarate and intestinal function. Front Biosci 16, 1186-1196 (2011)
101. Cynthia Meininger and Guoyao Wu: Regulation of endothelial cell proliferation by nitric oxide. Methods Enzymol 352, 280-295 (2002) (Pubitemid 41103190)
102. Guoyao Wu and Cynthia Meininger: Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance. BioFactors 35, 21-27 (2009)
103. Junjun Wang, Lixiang Chen, Defa Li, Yulong Yin, Xiaoqiu Wang, Peng Li, Larry Dangott, Weixin Hu and Guoyao Wu: Intrauterine growth restriction affects the proteomes of the small intestine, liver and skeletal muscle in newborn pigs. J Nutr 138, 60-66 (2008)
104. Junjun Wang, Guoyao Wu, Huaijun Zhou and Fenglai Wang: Emerging technologies for amino acid nutrition research in the post-genome era. Amino Acids 37, 177-186 (2009)
105. Qinghua He, Xiangfeng Kong, Guoyao Wu, Pingping Ren, Huiru Tang, Fuhua Hao, Ruilin Huang, Tiejun Li, Bie Tan, Peng Li, Zhiru Tang, Yulong Yin and Yongning Wu: Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary L-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids 37, 199-208 (2009)
106. Wenjiang Fu, Arnold Stromberg, Kert Viele, Raymond Carroll and Guoyao Wu: Statistics and bioinformatics in nutritional sciences: analysis of complex data in the era of systems biology. J Nutr Biochem 21, 561-572 (2010)
107. Marc Rhoads and Guoyao Wu: Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine. Amino Acids 37, 111-122 (2009)
108. JE Wholt, JH Clark, RG Derrig and CL Davis: Valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism by lactating bovine mammary tissue. J Dairy Sci 60, 1875-1882 (1977)
109. JA Maas, J France, J Dijkstra, A Bannink and BW McBride: Application of a mechanistic model to study competitive inhibition of amino acid uptake by the lactating bovine mammary gland. J Dairy Sci 81, 1742-1734 (1998)
110. TR Mackle, DA Dwyer and DE Bauman: Effects of branched-chain amino acids and sodium caseinate on milk protein concentration and tield from dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 82, 161-171 (1999) (Pubitemid 129552329)