메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 177-190

The disproportionality dilemma: Patterns of teacher referrals to school counselors for disruptive behavior

Author keywords

disproportionality; racial disparity; school counseling; school discipline practices; teacher referrals

Indexed keywords


EID: 84857721707     PISSN: 07489633     EISSN: 15566676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00023.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 54149084188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of referrals to the school counselor by race, gender, and family structure
    • Adams, J. R., Benshoff, J. M., & Harrington, S. Y. (2007). An examination of referrals to the school counselor by race, gender, and family structure. Professional School Counseling, 10, 389-398.
    • (2007) Professional School Counseling , vol.10 , pp. 389-398
    • Adams, J.R.1    Benshoff, J.M.2    Harrington, S.Y.3
  • 2
    • 0033269292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement
    • Alvidrez, J., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999). Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 731-746.
    • (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 731-746
    • Alvidrez, J.1    Weinstein, R.S.2
  • 4
    • 34547986605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of elementary/K-8 and middle schools' suspension rates
    • doi:10.1177/0042085907304879
    • Arcia, E. (2007). A comparison of elementary/K-8 and middle schools' suspension rates. Urban Education, 42, 456-469. doi:10.1177/0042085907304879
    • (2007) Urban Education , vol.42 , pp. 456-469
    • Arcia, E.1
  • 5
    • 84857719684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonexperimental quantitative research
    • S. D. Lapan & M. T. Quartaroli (Eds.), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
    • Belli, G. (2009). Nonexperimental quantitative research. In S. D. Lapan & M. T. Quartaroli (Eds.), Research essentials: An introduction to designs and practices (pp. 59-77). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    • (2009) Research Essentials: An Introduction to Designs and Practices , pp. 59-77
    • Belli, G.1
  • 7
    • 22544441785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Retrieved from
    • Boethel, M. (2003). Diversity: Family and community connections with schools. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Retrieved from http://www.sedl.org/connections/resources/diversity-synthesis.pdf
    • (2003) Diversity: Family and Community Connections with Schools
    • Boethel, M.1
  • 9
    • 3543028055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural conflict resolution in the schools: Some practical intervention strategies for counselors
    • Brinson, J. A., Kottler, J. A., & Fisher, T. A. (2004). Cross-cultural conflict resolution in the schools: Some practical intervention strategies for counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82, 294-301. (Pubitemid 39016245)
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling and Development , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 294-301
    • Brinson, J.A.1    Kottler, J.A.2    Fisher, T.A.3
  • 11
    • 34249670738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing state high school assessments to standards for success in entry-level university courses
    • doi:10.1080/10627190701232811
    • Brown, R., & Conley, D. (2007). Comparing state high school assessments to standards for success in entry-level university courses. Educational Assessment, 12, 137-160. doi:10.1080/10627190701232811
    • (2007) Educational Assessment , vol.12 , pp. 137-160
    • Brown, R.1    Conley, D.2
  • 12
    • 33746859098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fostering educational resilience and achievement in urban schools through school-family-community partnerships: School counselors' roles
    • Bryan, J. (2005). Fostering educational resilience and achievement in urban schools through school-family-community partnerships: School counselors' roles. Professional School Counseling, 8, 219-227.
    • (2005) Professional School Counseling , vol.8 , pp. 219-227
    • Bryan, J.1
  • 14
    • 78149312930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengths-based partnerships: A school-family-community partnership approach to empowering students
    • Bryan, J., & Henry, L. (2008). Strengths-based partnerships: A school-family-community partnership approach to empowering students. Professional School Counseling, 12, 149-156.
    • (2008) Professional School Counseling , vol.12 , pp. 149-156
    • Bryan, J.1    Henry, L.2
  • 15
    • 0001122808 scopus 로고
    • Reconceptualizing behavior management and school-wide discipline in general education
    • Colvin, G., Kameenui, E. J., & Sugai, G. (1993). Reconceptualizing behavior management and school-wide discipline in general education. Education & Treatment of Children, 16, 361-381.
    • (1993) Education & Treatment of Children , vol.16 , pp. 361-381
    • Colvin, G.1    Kameenui, E.J.2    Sugai, G.3
  • 16
    • 0031286149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' and teachers' perceptions of conflict and power
    • PII S0742051X96000024
    • Cothran, D. J., & Ennis, C. D. (1997). Students' and teachers' perceptions of conflict and power. Teaching and Teacher Education, 13, 541-553. (Pubitemid 127175378)
    • (1997) Teaching and Teacher Education , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 541-553
    • Cothran, D.J.1    Ennis, C.D.2
  • 17
    • 0036003552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of sociodemographics and gender on the disproportionate identification of minority students as having learning disabilities
    • Coutinho, M. J., Oswald, D. P., & Best, A. M. (2002). The influence of sociodemographics and gender on the disproportionate identification of minority students as having learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 23, 49-60.
    • (2002) Remedial and Special Education , vol.23 , pp. 49-60
    • Coutinho, M.J.1    Oswald, D.P.2    Best, A.M.3
  • 18
    • 35349029337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturally congruent strategies for addressing the behavioral needs of urban, African American male adolescents
    • Day-Vines, N., & Day-Hairston, B. (2005). Culturally congruent strategies for addressing the behavioral needs of urban, African American male adolescents. Professional School Counseling, 8, 236-243.
    • (2005) Professional School Counseling , vol.8 , pp. 236-243
    • Day-Vines, N.1    Day-Hairston, B.2
  • 19
    • 84857773248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strengths-based approach to promoting prosocial behavior among African American and Latino students
    • Day-Vines, N. L., & Terriquez, V. (2008). A strengths-based approach to promoting prosocial behavior among African American and Latino students. Professional School Counseling, 12, 170-175.
    • (2008) Professional School Counseling , vol.12 , pp. 170-175
    • Day-Vines, N.L.1    Terriquez, V.2
  • 20
    • 80053518917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School counselors' roles in developing partnerships with families and communities for student success
    • Epstein, J. L., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2010). School counselors' roles in developing partnerships with families and communities for student success. Professional School Counseling, 14, 1-14.
    • (2010) Professional School Counseling , vol.14 , pp. 1-14
    • Epstein, J.L.1    Van Voorhis, F.L.2
  • 21
    • 35448974910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overrepresentation of African American students in exclusionary discipline: The role of school policy
    • doi:10.117/0042085907305039
    • Fenning, P., & Rose, J. (2007). Overrepresentation of African American students in exclusionary discipline: The role of school policy. Urban Education, 42, 536-559. doi:10.117/0042085907305039
    • (2007) Urban Education , vol.42 , pp. 536-559
    • Fenning, P.1    Rose, J.2
  • 22
    • 39449136821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another look at the achievement gap: Learning from the experiences of gifted Black students
    • doi:10.1177/0042085907312344
    • Ford, D. Y., Grantham, T. C., & Whiting, G. W. (2008). Another look at the achievement gap: Learning from the experiences of gifted Black students. Urban Education, 43, 216-239. doi:10.1177/0042085907312344
    • (2008) Urban Education , vol.43 , pp. 216-239
    • Ford, D.Y.1    Grantham, T.C.2    Whiting, G.W.3
  • 23
    • 85009637002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturally responsive teaching in special education for ethnically diverse students: Setting the stage
    • doi:10.1080/0951839022000014349
    • Gay, G. (2002). Culturally responsive teaching in special education for ethnically diverse students: Setting the stage. Qualitative Studies in Education, 15, 613-629. doi:10.1080/0951839022000014349
    • (2002) Qualitative Studies in Education , vol.15 , pp. 613-629
    • Gay, G.1
  • 26
    • 41149165062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discipline gap: Teachers' views on the over-representation of African American students in the discipline system
    • doi:10.1080/10665680490429280
    • Gregory, A., & Mosely, P. M. (2004). The discipline gap: Teachers' views on the over-representation of African American students in the discipline system. Equity & Excellence in Education, 37, 18-30. doi:10.1080/ 10665680490429280
    • (2004) Equity & Excellence in Education , vol.37 , pp. 18-30
    • Gregory, A.1    Mosely, P.M.2
  • 27
    • 77951470967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The achievement gap and the discipline gap: Two sides of the same coin?
    • doi:10.3102/0013189X09357621
    • Gregory, A., Skiba, R. J., & Noguera, P. A. (2010). The achievement gap and the discipline gap: Two sides of the same coin? Educational Researcher, 39, 59-68. doi:10.3102/0013189X09357621
    • (2010) Educational Researcher , vol.39 , pp. 59-68
    • Gregory, A.1    Skiba, R.J.2    Noguera, P.A.3
  • 28
    • 43749118689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discipline gap and African Americans: Defiance or cooperation in the high school classroom
    • doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.09.001
    • Gregory, A., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008). The discipline gap and African Americans: Defiance or cooperation in the high school classroom. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 455-475. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.09.001
    • (2008) Journal of School Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 455-475
    • Gregory, A.1    Weinstein, R.S.2
  • 29
    • 84970393036 scopus 로고
    • Considerations of content and the circumstances of secondary school teaching
    • Grossman, P. L., & Stodolsky, S. S. (1994). Considerations of content and the circumstances of secondary school teaching. Review of Research in Education, 20, 179-221.
    • (1994) Review of Research in Education , vol.20 , pp. 179-221
    • Grossman, P.L.1    Stodolsky, S.S.2
  • 30
    • 84973758429 scopus 로고
    • Content as context: The role of school subjects in secondary school teaching
    • doi:10.3102/0013189X024008005
    • Grossman, P. L., & Stodolsky, S. S. (1995). Content as context: The role of school subjects in secondary school teaching. Educational Researcher, 24, 5-23. doi:10.3102/0013189X024008005
    • (1995) Educational Researcher , vol.24 , pp. 5-23
    • Grossman, P.L.1    Stodolsky, S.S.2
  • 31
    • 0031006441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of goodness-of-fit tests for the logistic regression model
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970515)16:9<965::AID-SIM509>3.0.CO;2- O
    • Hosmer, D. W., Hosmer, T., Cessie, S. L., & Lemeshow, S. (1997). A comparison of goodness-of-fit tests for the logistic regression model. Statistics in Medicine, 16, 965-980. (Pubitemid 27198985)
    • (1997) Statistics in Medicine , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 965-980
    • Hosmer, D.W.1    Hosmer, T.2    Le Cessie, S.3    Lemeshow, S.4
  • 32
    • 0042073164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referral rates for intervention or assessment: A meta-analysis of racial differences
    • Hosp, J. L., & Reschley, D. J. (2003). Referral rates for intervention or assessment: A meta-analysis of racial differences. Journal of Special Education, 37, 67-80. (Pubitemid 36977409)
    • (2003) Journal of Special Education , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-80
    • Hosp, J.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 34
    • 33645935733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referrals to the school counselor: A qualitative study
    • Jackson, S. A. (2000). Referrals to the school counselor: A qualitative study. Professional School Counseling, 3, 277-285.
    • (2000) Professional School Counseling , vol.3 , pp. 277-285
    • Jackson, S.A.1
  • 35
    • 84993813059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research
    • doi:10.3102/0013189X0300002003
    • Johnson, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher, 30, 3-13. doi:10.3102/ 0013189X0300002003
    • (2001) Educational Researcher , vol.30 , pp. 3-13
    • Johnson, B.1
  • 36
    • 21144484125 scopus 로고
    • Teacher perceptions: II. Construction and reflection of student achievement
    • Jussim, L., & Eccles, J. S. (1992). Teacher perceptions: II. Construction and reflection of student achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 947-961.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 947-961
    • Jussim, L.1    Eccles, J.S.2
  • 39
    • 0008993748 scopus 로고
    • Liberatory consequences of literacy: A case of culturally relevant instruction for African American students
    • doi:10.2307/2295255
    • Ladson-Billings, G. (1992). Liberatory consequences of literacy: A case of culturally relevant instruction for African American students. Journal of Negro Education, 61, 378-391. doi:10.2307/2295255
    • (1992) Journal of Negro Education , vol.61 , pp. 378-391
    • Ladson-Billings, G.1
  • 42
    • 0032396299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disproportionate representation of African Americans in special education: The case of greater specificity or reconsideration of the variables examined
    • MacMillan, D. L., & Reschley, D. J. (1998). The disproportionate representation of African Americans in special education: The case of greater specificity or reconsideration of the variables examined. Journal of Special Education, 32, 15-24.
    • (1998) Journal of Special Education , vol.32 , pp. 15-24
    • MacMillan, D.L.1    Reschley, D.J.2
  • 45
    • 41049101012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher expectations, classroom context, and the achievement gap
    • doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.05.001
    • McKown, C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008). Teacher expectations, classroom context, and the achievement gap. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 235-261. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.05.001
    • (2008) Journal of School Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 235-261
    • McKown, C.1    Weinstein, R.S.2
  • 46
    • 84857698921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individuals and families of European descent
    • D. G. Hays B. T. Erford (Eds.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education
    • McMahon, H. G., Paisley, P. O., & Molina, B. (2011). Individuals and families of European descent. In D. G. Hays & B. T. Erford (Eds.), Developing multicultural counseling competence: A systems approach (pp. 333-366). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
    • (2011) Developing Multicultural Counseling Competence: A Systems Approach , pp. 333-366
    • McMahon, H.G.1    Paisley, P.O.2    Molina, B.3
  • 47
    • 40149090514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing individual behavior plans from schools with and without schoolwide positive behavior support: A preliminary study
    • doi:10.1007/s10864-007-9053-y
    • Medley, N. S., Little, S. G., & Akin-Little, A. (2008). Comparing individual behavior plans from schools with and without schoolwide positive behavior support: A preliminary study. Journal of Behavioral Education, 17, 93-110. doi:10.1007/s10864-007-9053-y
    • (2008) Journal of Behavioral Education , vol.17 , pp. 93-110
    • Medley, N.S.1    Little, S.G.2    Akin-Little, A.3
  • 48
    • 27744546131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who gets suspended from school and why: A demographic analysis of schools and disciplinary infractions in a large school district
    • Mendez, L. M., & Knoff, H. M. (2003). Who gets suspended from school and why: A demographic analysis of schools and disciplinary infractions in a large school district. Education & Treatment of Children, 26, 30-51.
    • (2003) Education & Treatment of Children , vol.26 , pp. 30-51
    • Mendez, L.M.1    Knoff, H.M.2
  • 49
    • 46749115740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual and measurement issues in multicultural psychology research
    • S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), 4th ed., New York, NY: Wiley
    • Miller, M. J., & Sheu, H. (2008). Conceptual and measurement issues in multicultural psychology research. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (4th ed., pp. 103-120). New York, NY: Wiley.
    • (2008) Handbook of Counseling Psychology , pp. 103-120
    • Miller, M.J.1    Sheu, H.2
  • 50
    • 84857746147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparing teachers of African American students in urban schools
    • In L. C. Tillman (Ed.), Thousand Oak, CA: Sage
    • Milner, H. R., IV. (2009). Preparing teachers of African American students in urban schools. In L. C. Tillman (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of African American education (pp. 123-139). Thousand Oak, CA: Sage.
    • (2009) The SAGE Handbook of African American Education , pp. 123-139
    • Milner IV, H.R.1
  • 51
    • 51949108405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the discipline gap through a cultural lens: Implications for the education of African American students
    • DOI 10.1080/14675980500303795
    • Monroe, C. R. (2005). Understanding the discipline gap through a cultural lens: Implications for the education of African American students. Intercultural Education, 16, 317-330. doi:10.1080/14675980500303795 (Pubitemid 41682785)
    • (2005) Intercultural Education , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 317-330
    • Monroe, C.R.1
  • 52
    • 84857692883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educating and counseling African American students: Recommendations for teachers and school counselors
    • In L. C. Tillman (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Moore, J. L., III, & Owens, D. (2009). Educating and counseling African American students: Recommendations for teachers and school counselors. In L. C. Tillman (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of African American education (pp. 351-366). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2009) The SAGE Handbook of African American Education , pp. 351-366
    • Moore III, J.L.1    Owens, D.2
  • 53
    • 3042846798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the disciplinary histories and the individual and educational characteristics of students who participate in an in-school suspension program
    • Morrison, G. M., Anthony, S., Storino, M., & Dillon, C. (2001). An examination of the disciplinary histories and the individual and educational characteristics of students who participate in an in-school suspension program. Education and Treatment of Children, 24, 276-293.
    • (2001) Education and Treatment of Children , vol.24 , pp. 276-293
    • Morrison, G.M.1    Anthony, S.2    Storino, M.3    Dillon, C.4
  • 55
    • 78149330381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from
    • National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/els2002/
    • Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002)
  • 56
    • 0042161213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trouble with Black boys: The role and influence of environmental and cultural factors on the academic performance of African American males
    • DOI 10.1177/0042085903038004005
    • Noguera, P. (2003). The trouble with Black boys: The role and influence of environmental and cultural factors on the academic performance of African American males. Urban Education, 38, 431-459. doi:10.1177/0042085903038004005 (Pubitemid 36837094)
    • (2003) Urban Education , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-459
    • Noguera, P.A.1
  • 59
    • 0032376935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disproportionate representation of African Americans in special education: Looking behind the curtain for understanding and solutions
    • Patton, J. M. (1998). The disproportionate representation of African Americans in special education: Looking behind the curtain for understanding and solutions. Journal of Special Education, 32, 25-32.
    • (1998) Journal of Special Education , vol.32 , pp. 25-32
    • Patton, J.M.1
  • 60
    • 38349077169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disproportionality in school discipline among minority students in Indiana: Description and analysis
    • Bloomington, IN: Center for Evaluation and Education Policy. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED488897)
    • Rausch, M. K., & Skiba, R. (2004). Disproportionality in school discipline among minority students in Indiana: Description and analysis. Children left behind policy briefs (Supplementary Analysis 2-A). Bloomington, IN: Center for Evaluation and Education Policy. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED488897)
    • (2004) Children Left behind Policy Briefs (Supplementary Analysis 2-A)
    • Rausch, M.K.1    Skiba, R.2
  • 62
    • 79955584632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race is not neutral: A national investigation of African American and Latino disproportionality in school discipline
    • Skiba, R. J., Horner, R. H., Chung, C., Rausch, M. K., May, S., & Tobin, T. (2011). Race is not neutral: A national investigation of African American and Latino disproportionality in school discipline. School Psychology Review, 40, 85-107.
    • (2011) School Psychology Review , vol.40 , pp. 85-107
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Horner, R.H.2    Chung, C.3    Rausch, M.K.4    May, S.5    Tobin, T.6
  • 63
    • 52649141001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The color of discipline: Sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment
    • Skiba, R. J., Michael, R. S., Nardo, A. C., & Peterson, R. L. (2002). The color of discipline: Sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment. The Urban Review, 34, 317-342.
    • (2002) The Urban Review , vol.34 , pp. 317-342
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Michael, R.S.2    Nardo, A.C.3    Peterson, R.L.4
  • 64
    • 3543004102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a positive perspective on violence prevention in schools: Building connections
    • Smith, D. C., & Sandhu, D. S. (2004). Toward a positive perspective on violence prevention in schools: Building connections. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82, 287-293. (Pubitemid 39016244)
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling and Development , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-293
    • Smith, D.C.1    Sandhu, D.S.2
  • 65
    • 54549108955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluttering around the racial tension of trust: Proximal approaches to suspended Black student-teacher relationships
    • Stevenson, H. C. (2008). Fluttering around the racial tension of trust: Proximal approaches to suspended Black student-teacher relationships. School Psychology Review, 37, 354-358.
    • (2008) School Psychology Review , vol.37 , pp. 354-358
    • Stevenson, H.C.1
  • 66
    • 34248651826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are teachers' expectations different for racial minority than for European American students?
    • Tenenbaum, H. R., & Ruck, M. D. (2007). Are teachers' expectations different for racial minority than for European American students? Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 253-273.
    • (2007) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 253-273
    • Tenenbaum, H.R.1    Ruck, M.D.2
  • 67
    • 33749532097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural considerations in teachers' perceptions of student classroom behavior and achievement
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.017, PII S0742051X06000667
    • Tyler, M. T., Boykin, A. W., & Walton, T. R. (2006). Cultural considerations in teachers' perceptions of student classroom behavior and achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 998-1005. (Pubitemid 44524760)
    • (2006) Teaching and Teacher Education , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 998-1005
    • Tyler, K.M.1    Wade Boykin, A.2    Walton, T.R.3
  • 68
    • 67349199970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the myths of accountability: A case study of the California high school exit exam
    • Ullucci, K., & Spencer, J. (2008). Unraveling the myths of accountability: A case study of the California high school exit exam. Urban Review, 41, 161-173.
    • (2008) Urban Review , vol.41 , pp. 161-173
    • Ullucci, K.1    Spencer, J.2
  • 69
    • 77951472806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in school discipline among U.S. high school students: 1991-2005
    • Wallace, J. M., Goodkind, S., Wallace, C. M., & Bachman, J. G. (2008). Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in school discipline among U.S. high school students: 1991-2005. Negro Education Review, 59, 47-62.
    • (2008) Negro Education Review , vol.59 , pp. 47-62
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Goodkind, S.2    Wallace, C.M.3    Bachman, J.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.