메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 768-775

Ghrelin and the brain-gut axis as a pharmacological target for appetite control

Author keywords

Appetite; Ghrelin; GHSR; GOAT; Peptide hormone

Indexed keywords

ACYLTRANSFERASE; ANAMORELIN; ANTIOBESITY AGENT; APPETITE STIMULANT; BIM 28131; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GHRELIN; GHRELIN RECEPTOR; GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; HEXARELIN; HORMONE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; IBUTAMOREN; INSULIN; JMV 2810; JMV 2959; JMV 3002; L 756867; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 33A; NOX B11; PLASMID VECTOR; RIBOSE; RIMONABANT; SUBSTANCE P ANTAGONIST; TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE; YIL 781; YIL 870;

EID: 84856424470     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161212799277806     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (124)
  • 2
    • 38849186627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral neuroendocrine peptides and signalling in appetite regulation: Considerations for obesity pharmacotherapy
    • Atkinson TJ. Central and peripheral neuroendocrine peptides and signalling in appetite regulation: considerations for obesity pharmacotherapy. Obes Rev 2008; 9: 108-120.
    • (2008) Obes Rev , vol.9 , pp. 108-120
    • Atkinson, T.J.1
  • 3
    • 38349104550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut hormones as potential new targets for appetite regulation and the treatment of obesity
    • Field BC, Wren AM, Cooke D, Bloom SR. Gut hormones as potential new targets for appetite regulation and the treatment of obesity. Drugs 2008; 68: 147-163.
    • (2008) Drugs , vol.68 , pp. 147-163
    • Field, B.C.1    Wren, A.M.2    Cooke, D.3    Bloom, S.R.4
  • 4
    • 25444482392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain regulation of food intake and appetite: Molecules and networks
    • Broberger C. Brain regulation of food intake and appetite: molecules and networks. J Int Med 2005; 258: 301-327.
    • (2005) J Int Med , vol.258 , pp. 301-327
    • Broberger, C.1
  • 5
    • 0025340644 scopus 로고
    • Appetite regulation by gut peptides
    • Morley JE. Appetite regulation by gut peptides. Annu Rev Nutr 1990; 10: 383-395.
    • (1990) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.10 , pp. 383-395
    • Morley, J.E.1
  • 6
    • 33645961903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite
    • Huda MS, Wilding JP, Pinkney JH. Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite. Obes Rev 2006; 7: 163-182.
    • (2006) Obes Rev , vol.7 , pp. 163-182
    • Huda, M.S.1    Wilding, J.P.2    Pinkney, J.H.3
  • 7
    • 78651239037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in ghrelin levels following bariatric surgery: Review of the literature
    • Tymitz K, Engel A, McDonough S, Hendy MP, Kerlakian G. Changes in ghrelin levels following bariatric surgery: review of the literature. Obes Surg 2011; 21: 125-130.
    • (2011) Obes Surg , vol.21 , pp. 125-130
    • Tymitz, K.1    Engel, A.2    McDonough, S.3    Hendy, M.P.4    Kerlakian, G.5
  • 8
    • 33749664075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for an anti-ghrelin vaccine to treat obesity
    • Carlson MJ, Cummings DE. Prospects for an anti-ghrelin vaccine to treat obesity. Mol Interv 2006; 6: 249-252.
    • (2006) Mol Interv , vol.6 , pp. 249-252
    • Carlson, M.J.1    Cummings, D.E.2
  • 9
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 656-660.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosoda, H.2    Date, Y.3    Nakazato, M.4    Matsuo, H.5    Kangawa, K.6
  • 11
    • 79958127428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin in cardiovascular disease and atherogenesis
    • Isgaard J, Granata R. Ghrelin in cardiovascular disease and atherogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340: 59-64.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.340 , pp. 59-64
    • Isgaard, J.1    Granata, R.2
  • 13
    • 56649102174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin as a pleotrophic modulator of gonadal function and reproduction
    • Tena-Sempere M. Ghrelin as a pleotrophic modulator of gonadal function and reproduction. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008; 4: 666-674.
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.4 , pp. 666-674
    • Tena-Sempere, M.1
  • 14
    • 0036787457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats
    • Date Y, Murakami N, Toshinai K, et al. The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 1120-1128.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 1120-1128
    • Date, Y.1    Murakami, N.2    Toshinai, K.3
  • 15
    • 0035843183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding
    • Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, et al. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001; 409: 194-198.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 194-198
    • Nakazato, M.1    Murakami, N.2    Date, Y.3
  • 16
    • 0033711116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion
    • Wren A, Small C, Ward H, et al. The novel hypothalamic peptide ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 4325-4328.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 4325-4328
    • Wren, A.1    Small, C.2    Ward, H.3
  • 17
    • 0035216623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans
    • Wren AM, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, et al. Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5992.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 5992
    • Wren, A.M.1    Seal, L.J.2    Cohen, M.A.3
  • 18
    • 17944379112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelinlike immunoreactivity levels in humans
    • Ariyasu H, Takaya K, Tagami T, et al. Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelinlike immunoreactivity levels in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4753-4758.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4753-4758
    • Ariyasu, H.1    Takaya, K.2    Tagami, T.3
  • 19
    • 0034970034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels
    • Tschop M, Wawarta R, Riepl RL, et al. Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24: RC19-RC21.
    • (2001) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.24
    • Tschop, M.1    Wawarta, R.2    Riepl, R.L.3
  • 20
  • 21
    • 2942558193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time-and food-related cues
    • Cummings DE, Frayo RS, Marmonier C, Aubert R, Chapelot D. Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time-and food-related cues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287: E297-E304.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.287
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Frayo, R.S.2    Marmonier, C.3    Aubert, R.4    Chapelot, D.5
  • 22
    • 23844456555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin does not stimulate food intake in patients with surgical procedures involving vagotomy
    • le Roux CW, Neary NM, Halsey TJ, et al. Ghrelin does not stimulate food intake in patients with surgical procedures involving vagotomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 4521-4524.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4521-4524
    • le Roux, C.W.1    Neary, N.M.2    Halsey, T.J.3
  • 23
    • 81755161533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and food reward: The story of potential underlying substrates
    • Skibicka KP, Dickson SL., Ghrelin and food reward: The story of potential underlying substrates. Peptides 2011; 32: 2265-2273.
    • (2011) Peptides , vol.32 , pp. 2265-2273
    • Skibicka, K.P.1    Dickson, S.L.2
  • 24
    • 0034687376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
    • Tschop M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000; 407: 908-913.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 908-913
    • Tschop, M.1    Smiley, D.L.2    Heiman, M.L.3
  • 25
    • 31044452189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity
    • Wortley KE, del Rincon JP, Murray JD, et al. Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3573-3578.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 3573-3578
    • Wortley, K.E.1    del Rincon, J.P.2    Murray, J.D.3
  • 26
    • 31044451759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity
    • Zigman JM, Nakano Y, Coppari R, et al. Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3564-3572.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 3564-3572
    • Zigman, J.M.1    Nakano, Y.2    Coppari, R.3
  • 27
    • 0035940390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: Relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors
    • Nagaya N, Uematsu M, Kojima M, et al. Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure: relationships between ghrelin and anabolic/catabolic factors. Circulation 2001; 104: 2034-308.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2034-2308
    • Nagaya, N.1    Uematsu, M.2    Kojima, M.3
  • 28
    • 0037314839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia
    • Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Isobe T, et al. Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 774-778.
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 774-778
    • Shimizu, Y.1    Nagaya, N.2    Isobe, T.3
  • 30
    • 18244391222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion
    • Shiiya T, Nakazato M, Mizuta M, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 240-244.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 240-244
    • Shiiya, T.1    Nakazato, M.2    Mizuta, M.3
  • 31
    • 0037162116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery
    • Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1623-1630.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Cummings, D.E.1    Weigle, D.S.2    Frayo, R.S.3
  • 32
    • 0036126471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss increases circulating levels of ghrelin in human obesity
    • Hansen TK, Dall R, Hosoda H, et al. Weight loss increases circulating levels of ghrelin in human obesity. Clin Endocrinol 2002; 56: 203-206.
    • (2002) Clin Endocrinol , vol.56 , pp. 203-206
    • Hansen, T.K.1    Dall, R.2    Hosoda, H.3
  • 33
    • 23944474572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin increases food intake in obese as well as lean subjects
    • Druce MR, Wren AM, Park AJ, et al. Ghrelin increases food intake in obese as well as lean subjects. Int J Obes 2005; 29: 1130-1136.
    • (2005) Int J Obes , vol.29 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Druce, M.R.1    Wren, A.M.2    Park, A.J.3
  • 38
    • 4043096513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatostatin infusion lowers plasma ghrelin without reducing appetite in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome
    • Tan TM, Vanderpump M, Khoo B, Patterson M, Ghatei MA, Goldstone AP. Somatostatin infusion lowers plasma ghrelin without reducing appetite in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 4162-4165.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4162-4165
    • Tan, T.M.1    Vanderpump, M.2    Khoo, B.3    Patterson, M.4    Ghatei, M.A.5    Goldstone, A.P.6
  • 39
    • 79961219061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single dose of exenatide on appetite, gut hormones, and glucose homeostasis in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome
    • Sze L, Purtell L, Jenkins A, et al. Effects of a single dose of exenatide on appetite, gut hormones, and glucose homeostasis in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: E1314-E1319
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96
    • Sze, L.1    Purtell, L.2    Jenkins, A.3
  • 40
    • 20844432526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on circulating ghrelin and growth hormone levels in patients with anorexia nervosa
    • Tanaka M, Nakahara T, Kojima S, et al. Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on circulating ghrelin and growth hormone levels in patients with anorexia nervosa. Reg Pept 2004; 122: 163-168.
    • (2004) Reg Pept , vol.122 , pp. 163-168
    • Tanaka, M.1    Nakahara, T.2    Kojima, S.3
  • 41
    • 47649092734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ghrelin axis in colorectal cancer: A novel association
    • Waseem T, Javaid Ur R, Ahmad F, Azam M, Qureshi MA. Role of ghrelin axis in colorectal cancer: a novel association. Peptides 2008; 29: 1369-1376.
    • (2008) Peptides , vol.29 , pp. 1369-1376
    • Waseem, T.1    Javaid, U.R.2    Ahmad, F.3    Azam, M.4    Qureshi, M.A.5
  • 42
    • 70350602070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased serum levels of ghrelin at diagnosis mediate body weight loss in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
    • Karapanagiotou EM, Polyzos A, Dilana KD, et al. Increased serum levels of ghrelin at diagnosis mediate body weight loss in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Lung Cancer 2009; 66: 393-398.
    • (2009) Lung Cancer , vol.66 , pp. 393-398
    • Karapanagiotou, E.M.1    Polyzos, A.2    Dilana, K.D.3
  • 43
    • 32544440799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin in cancer cachexia in breast and colon cancer patients
    • Wolf I, Sadetzki S, Kanety H, et al. Adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin in cancer cachexia in breast and colon cancer patients. Cancer 2006; 106: 966-973.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 966-973
    • Wolf, I.1    Sadetzki, S.2    Kanety, H.3
  • 44
    • 54349123109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipokines and ghrelin in gastric cancer cachexia
    • Kerem M, Ferahkose Z, Yilmaz UT, et al. Adipokines and ghrelin in gastric cancer cachexia. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 3633-3641.
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 3633-3641
    • Kerem, M.1    Ferahkose, Z.2    Yilmaz, U.T.3
  • 45
    • 18844441671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active ghrelin levels and active to total ghrelin ratio in cancer-induced cachexia
    • Garcia JM, Garcia-Touza M, Hijazi RA, et al. Active ghrelin levels and active to total ghrelin ratio in cancer-induced cachexia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2920-2926.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 2920-2926
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Garcia-Touza, M.2    Hijazi, R.A.3
  • 46
    • 79959997891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin mediates stressinduced food-reward behavior in mice
    • Chuang JC, Perello M, Sakata I, et al. Ghrelin mediates stressinduced food-reward behavior in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121: 2684-2692.
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 2684-2692
    • Chuang, J.C.1    Perello, M.2    Sakata, I.3
  • 47
    • 84255177234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ghrelin in food reward: Impact of ghrelin on sucrose self-administration and mesolimbic dopamine and acetylcholine receptor gene expression
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00294.x
    • Skibicka KP, Hansson C, Egecioglu E, Dickson SL. Role of ghrelin in food reward: impact of ghrelin on sucrose self-administration and mesolimbic dopamine and acetylcholine receptor gene expression. Addict Biol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00294.x.
    • (2011) Addict Biol
    • Skibicka, K.P.1    Hansson, C.2    Egecioglu, E.3    Dickson, S.L.4
  • 48
    • 84255177243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonism suppresses both operant alcohol self-administration and high alcohol consumption in rats
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00280.x
    • Landgren S, Simms JA, Hyytia P, Engel JA, Bartlett SE, Jerlhag E. Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonism suppresses both operant alcohol self-administration and high alcohol consumption in rats. Addict Biol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00280.x.
    • (2011) Addict Biol
    • Landgren, S.1    Simms, J.A.2    Hyytia, P.3    Engel, J.A.4    Bartlett, S.E.5    Jerlhag, E.6
  • 49
    • 79952965604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ghrelin signalling system is involved in the consumption of sweets
    • Landgren S, Simms JA, Thelle DS, et al. The ghrelin signalling system is involved in the consumption of sweets. PLoS One 2011; 6: e18170.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Landgren, S.1    Simms, J.A.2    Thelle, D.S.3
  • 50
    • 73449090824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin gene products and the regulation of food intake and gut motility
    • Chen CY, Asakawa A, Fujimiya M, Lee SD, Inui A. Ghrelin gene products and the regulation of food intake and gut motility. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61: 430-481.
    • (2009) Pharmacol Rev , vol.61 , pp. 430-481
    • Chen, C.Y.1    Asakawa, A.2    Fujimiya, M.3    Lee, S.D.4    Inui, A.5
  • 51
    • 67650569229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct nose-to-brain transfer of a growth hormone releasing neuropeptide, hexarelin after intranasal administration to rabbits
    • Yu H, Kim K. Direct nose-to-brain transfer of a growth hormone releasing neuropeptide, hexarelin after intranasal administration to rabbits. Int J Pharm 2009; 378: 73-79.
    • (2009) Int J Pharm , vol.378 , pp. 73-79
    • Yu, H.1    Kim, K.2
  • 52
    • 0029950441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term administration of intranasal or oral Hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, does not desensitize the growth hormone responsiveness in human aging
    • Ghigo E, Arvat E, Gianotti L, et al. Short-term administration of intranasal or oral Hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, does not desensitize the growth hormone responsiveness in human aging. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 135: 407-412.
    • (1996) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.135 , pp. 407-412
    • Ghigo, E.1    Arvat, E.2    Gianotti, L.3
  • 53
    • 0028265587 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, after intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, and oral administration in man
    • Ghigo E, Arvat E, Gianotti L, et al. Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, after intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, and oral administration in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 693-698.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 693-698
    • Ghigo, E.1    Arvat, E.2    Gianotti, L.3
  • 55
    • 0028132615 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone releasing activity by intranasal administration of a synthetic hexapeptide (hexarelin)
    • Laron Z, Frenkel J, Gil-Ad I, et al. Growth hormone releasing activity by intranasal administration of a synthetic hexapeptide (hexarelin). Clin Endocrinol 1994; 41: 539-541.
    • (1994) Clin Endocrinol , vol.41 , pp. 539-541
    • Laron, Z.1    Frenkel, J.2    Gil-Ad, I.3
  • 56
    • 3042633738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and truncated ghrelin variant plasmid vectors administration into skeletal muscle augments long-term growth in rats
    • Xie QF, Wu CX, Meng QY, Li N. Ghrelin and truncated ghrelin variant plasmid vectors administration into skeletal muscle augments long-term growth in rats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2004; 27: 155-164.
    • (2004) Domest Anim Endocrinol , vol.27 , pp. 155-164
    • Xie, Q.F.1    Wu, C.X.2    Meng, Q.Y.3    Li, N.4
  • 57
    • 36549050805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) agonists show potential as interventive agents during aging
    • Smith RG, Sun Y, Jiang H, Albarran-Zeckler R, Timchenko N. Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) agonists show potential as interventive agents during aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1119: 147-164.
    • (2007) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1119 , pp. 147-164
    • Smith, R.G.1    Sun, Y.2    Jiang, H.3    Albarran-Zeckler, R.4    Timchenko, N.5
  • 59
    • 77954919923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced ghrelin secretion in the hypothalamus of rats due to cisplatin-induced anorexia
    • Yakabi K, Sadakane C, Noguchi M, et al. Reduced ghrelin secretion in the hypothalamus of rats due to cisplatin-induced anorexia. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 3773-3782.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 3773-3782
    • Yakabi, K.1    Sadakane, C.2    Noguchi, M.3
  • 60
    • 79958134198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin and cachexia: Will treatment with GHSR-1a agonists make a difference for patients suffering from chronic wasting syndromes?
    • Deboer MD. Ghrelin and cachexia: Will treatment with GHSR-1a agonists make a difference for patients suffering from chronic wasting syndromes? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340: 97-105.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.340 , pp. 97-105
    • Deboer, M.D.1
  • 61
    • 80054798984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin biology and its role in weight-related disorders
    • Hillman JB, Tong J, Tschop M. Ghrelin biology and its role in weight-related disorders. Discov Med 2011; 11: 521-528.
    • (2011) Discov Med , vol.11 , pp. 521-528
    • Hillman, J.B.1    Tong, J.2    Tschop, M.3
  • 62
    • 33747133749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ghrelin on anorexia in tumor-bearing mice with eicosanoid-related cachexia
    • Wang W, Andersson M, Iresjo BM, Lonnroth C, Lundholm K. Effects of ghrelin on anorexia in tumor-bearing mice with eicosanoid-related cachexia. Int J Oncol 2006; 28: 1393-1400.
    • (2006) Int J Oncol , vol.28 , pp. 1393-1400
    • Wang, W.1    Andersson, M.2    Iresjo, B.M.3    Lonnroth, C.4    Lundholm, K.5
  • 63
    • 0037423693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-cachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells
    • Hanada T, Toshinai K, Kajimura N, et al. Anti-cachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 301: 275-279.
    • (2003) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.301 , pp. 275-279
    • Hanada, T.1    Toshinai, K.2    Kajimura, N.3
  • 64
    • 0346685842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of ghrelin expression in cachectic nude mice bearing human melanoma cells
    • Hanada T, Toshinai K, Date Y, et al. Upregulation of ghrelin expression in cachectic nude mice bearing human melanoma cells. Metabolism 2004; 53: 84-88.
    • (2004) Metabolism , vol.53 , pp. 84-88
    • Hanada, T.1    Toshinai, K.2    Date, Y.3
  • 65
    • 2942670638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin increases energy intake in cancer patients with impaired appetite: Acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Neary NM, Small CJ, Wren et al. Ghrelin increases energy intake in cancer patients with impaired appetite: acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2832-2836.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2832-2836
    • Neary, N.M.1    Small, C.J.2    Wren3
  • 66
    • 77951000967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: A randomized double-blind study
    • Lundholm K, Gunnebo L, Korner U, et al. Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: a randomized double-blind study. Cancer 2010; 116: 2044-2052.
    • (2010) Cancer , vol.116 , pp. 2044-2052
    • Lundholm, K.1    Gunnebo, L.2    Korner, U.3
  • 67
    • 34250888937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia
    • DeBoer MD, Zhu XX, Levasseur P, et al. Ghrelin treatment causes increased food intake and retention of lean body mass in a rat model of cancer cachexia. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 3004-3012.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 3004-3012
    • Deboer, M.D.1    Zhu, X.X.2    Levasseur, P.3
  • 68
    • 37649021033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of RC-1291 (RC) for the treatment of cancer cachexia
    • Garcia J, Boccia RV, Graham C, Kumor K, Polvino W. A phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of RC-1291 (RC) for the treatment of cancer cachexia. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 9133
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 9133
    • Garcia, J.1    Boccia, R.V.2    Graham, C.3    Kumor, K.4    Polvino, W.5
  • 69
    • 35549012275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on body weight and safety of RC-1291, a novel, orally available ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue: Results of a phase I, randomized, placebocontrolled, multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers
    • Garcia JM, Polvino WJ. Effect on body weight and safety of RC-1291, a novel, orally available ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue: results of a phase I, randomized, placebocontrolled, multiple-dose study in healthy volunteers. Oncologist 2007; 12: 594-600.
    • (2007) Oncologist , vol.12 , pp. 594-600
    • Garcia, J.M.1    Polvino, W.J.2
  • 72
    • 77955051384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowels control brain: Gut hormones and obesity. Nature reviews
    • Field BC, Chaudhri OB, Bloom SR. Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity. Nature reviews. Endocrinology 2010; 6: 444-453.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.6 , pp. 444-453
    • Field, B.C.1    Chaudhri, O.B.2    Bloom, S.R.3
  • 73
    • 0033679897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone releasing acylated peptide is synthesised in a distinct endocrine cell type in gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans
    • Date Y, Kojima M, Hosada H, et al. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone releasing acylated peptide is synthesised in a distinct endocrine cell type in gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 4255-4261.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 4255-4261
    • Date, Y.1    Kojima, M.2    Hosada, H.3
  • 74
    • 3042698851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gastric surgery on systemic ghrelin levels in the morbidly obese
    • Lin E, Gletsu N, Fugate K, et al. The effects of gastric surgery on systemic ghrelin levels in the morbidly obese. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 780-784.
    • (2004) Arch Surg , vol.139 , pp. 780-784
    • Lin, E.1    Gletsu, N.2    Fugate, K.3
  • 76
    • 4444260060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of ghrelin action in vitro and in vivo by an RNA-Spiegelmer
    • Helmling S, Maasch C, Eulberg D, et al. Inhibition of ghrelin action in vitro and in vivo by an RNA-Spiegelmer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 13174-13179.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 13174-13179
    • Helmling, S.1    Maasch, C.2    Eulberg, D.3
  • 77
    • 32644448802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin Neutralization by a Ribonucleic Acid-SPM Ameliorates Obesity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
    • Shearman LP, Wang SP, Helmling S, et al. Ghrelin Neutralization by a Ribonucleic Acid-SPM Ameliorates Obesity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 1517-1526.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Shearman, L.P.1    Wang, S.P.2    Helmling, S.3
  • 78
    • 0038304457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice
    • Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, et al. Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice. Gut 2003; 52: 947-952.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , pp. 947-952
    • Asakawa, A.1    Inui, A.2    Kaga, T.3
  • 79
    • 33646800511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats
    • Kobelt P, Helmling S, Stengel A, et al. Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats. Gut 2006; 55: 788-792.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 788-792
    • Kobelt, P.1    Helmling, S.2    Stengel, A.3
  • 80
    • 36949026161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11-3 blocks ghrelin-but not fasting-induced neuronal activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
    • Becskei C, Bilik KU, Klussmann S, Jarosch F, Lutz TA, Riediger T. The anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11-3 blocks ghrelin-but not fasting-induced neuronal activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20: 85-92.
    • (2008) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.20 , pp. 85-92
    • Becskei, C.1    Bilik, K.U.2    Klussmann, S.3    Jarosch, F.4    Lutz, T.A.5    Riediger, T.6
  • 81
    • 63849244534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An acyl-ghrelin-specific neutralizing antibody inhibits the acute ghrelin-mediated orexigenic effects in mice
    • Lu SC, Xu J, Chinookoswong N, et al. An acyl-ghrelin-specific neutralizing antibody inhibits the acute ghrelin-mediated orexigenic effects in mice. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75: 901-907.
    • (2009) Mol Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 901-907
    • Lu, S.C.1    Xu, J.2    Chinookoswong, N.3
  • 83
    • 5644249507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central administration of ghrelin preferentially enhances fat ingestion
    • Shimbara T, Mondal MS, Kawagoe T, et al. Central administration of ghrelin preferentially enhances fat ingestion. Neurosci Lett 2004; 369: 75-79.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.369 , pp. 75-79
    • Shimbara, T.1    Mondal, M.S.2    Kawagoe, T.3
  • 84
    • 34347329282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active immunization against ghrelin decreases weight gain and alters plasma concentrations of growth hormone in growing pigs
    • Vizcarra JA, Kirby JD, Kim SK, Galyean ML. Active immunization against ghrelin decreases weight gain and alters plasma concentrations of growth hormone in growing pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2007; 33: 176-189.
    • (2007) Domest Anim Endocrinol , vol.33 , pp. 176-189
    • Vizcarra, J.A.1    Kirby, J.D.2    Kim, S.K.3    Galyean, M.L.4
  • 85
    • 33748336260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of an effective obesity treatment: A shot in the dark or a shot in the arm?
    • Zigman JM, Elmquist JK. In search of an effective obesity treatment: a shot in the dark or a shot in the arm? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 12961-12962.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 12961-12962
    • Zigman, J.M.1    Elmquist, J.K.2
  • 87
    • 0012623434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release
    • Howard A, Feighner S, Cully D, et al. A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release. Science 1996; 12: 137-145.
    • (1996) Science , vol.12 , pp. 137-145
    • Howard, A.1    Feighner, S.2    Cully, D.3
  • 88
    • 35548949948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-molecule ghrelin receptor antagonists improve glucose tolerance, suppress appetite, and promote weight loss
    • Esler WP, Rudolph J, Claus TH, et al. Small-molecule ghrelin receptor antagonists improve glucose tolerance, suppress appetite, and promote weight loss. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 5175-5185.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 5175-5185
    • Esler, W.P.1    Rudolph, J.2    Claus, T.H.3
  • 89
    • 0242330291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor--identification of a potent inverse agonist
    • Holst B, Cygankiewicz A, Jensen TH, Ankersen M, Schwartz TW. High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor--identification of a potent inverse agonist. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17: 2201-2210.
    • (2003) Mol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 2201-2210
    • Holst, B.1    Cygankiewicz, A.2    Jensen, T.H.3    Ankersen, M.4    Schwartz, T.W.5
  • 90
    • 65549152532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anorexigenic and electrophysiological actions of novel ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonists in rats
    • Salome N, Haage D, Perrissoud D, et al. Anorexigenic and electrophysiological actions of novel ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonists in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 612: 167-173.
    • (2009) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.612 , pp. 167-173
    • Salome, N.1    Haage, D.2    Perrissoud, D.3
  • 91
    • 33746743717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and pharmacological evaluation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonists
    • Xin Z, Serby MD, Zhao H, et al. Discovery and pharmacological evaluation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49: 4459-4469.
    • (2006) J Med Chem , vol.49 , pp. 4459-4469
    • Xin, Z.1    Serby, M.D.2    Zhao, H.3
  • 93
    • 69249178180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the central mechanism underlying ghrelin's chronic pro-obesity effects in rats: New insights from studies exploiting a potent ghrelin receptor antagonist
    • Salome N, Hansson C, Taube M, et al. On the central mechanism underlying ghrelin's chronic pro-obesity effects in rats: new insights from studies exploiting a potent ghrelin receptor antagonist. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21: 777-785.
    • (2009) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.21 , pp. 777-785
    • Salome, N.1    Hansson, C.2    Taube, M.3
  • 94
    • 7544230057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction mechanism of the seabream growth hormone secretagogue receptor
    • Chan CB, Leung PK, Wise H, Cheng CH. Signal transduction mechanism of the seabream growth hormone secretagogue receptor. FEBS Lett 2004; 577: 147-153.
    • (2004) FEBS Lett , vol.577 , pp. 147-153
    • Chan, C.B.1    Leung, P.K.2    Wise, H.3    Cheng, C.H.4
  • 95
    • 0031445516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the binding of MSH-B, HB-228, GHRP-6 and 153N-6 to the human melanocortin receptor subtypes
    • Schioth HB, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE. Characterization of the binding of MSH-B, HB-228, GHRP-6 and 153N-6 to the human melanocortin receptor subtypes. Neuropeptides 1997; 31: 565-571.
    • (1997) Neuropeptides , vol.31 , pp. 565-571
    • Schioth, H.B.1    Muceniece, R.2    Wikberg, J.E.3
  • 96
    • 7644219561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding response to ghrelin agonist and antagonist in lean and obese Zucker rats
    • Beck B, Richy S, Stricker-Krongrad A. Feeding response to ghrelin agonist and antagonist in lean and obese Zucker rats. Life Sci 2004; 76: 473-478.
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 473-478
    • Beck, B.1    Richy, S.2    Stricker-Krongrad, A.3
  • 97
    • 67349129381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo delivery of a peptide, ghrelin antagonist, with mesoporous silicon microparticles
    • Kilpelainen M, Riikonen J, Vlasova MA, et al. In vivo delivery of a peptide, ghrelin antagonist, with mesoporous silicon microparticles. J Control Release 2009; 137: 166-170.
    • (2009) J Control Release , vol.137 , pp. 166-170
    • Kilpelainen, M.1    Riikonen, J.2    Vlasova, M.A.3
  • 98
    • 34047189195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol-dependent decrease in the orexigenic potency of ghrelin in female rats
    • Clegg DJ, Brown LM, Zigman JM, et al. Estradiol-dependent decrease in the orexigenic potency of ghrelin in female rats. Diabetes 2007; 56: 1051-1058.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1051-1058
    • Clegg, D.J.1    Brown, L.M.2    Zigman, J.M.3
  • 99
    • 80051570581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Peptidic GHS-R antagonist [D-Lys(3)]GHRP-6 markedly improves adiposity and related metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity
    • Maletinska L, Matyskova R, Maixnerova J, et al. The Peptidic GHS-R antagonist [D-Lys(3)]GHRP-6 markedly improves adiposity and related metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343: 55-62.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.343 , pp. 55-62
    • Maletinska, L.1    Matyskova, R.2    Maixnerova, J.3
  • 100
    • 35348825010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinazolinone derivatives as orally available ghrelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity
    • Rudolph J, Esler WP, O'Connor S, et al. Quinazolinone derivatives as orally available ghrelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. J Med Chem 2007; 50: 5202-5216.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 5202-5216
    • Rudolph, J.1    Esler, W.P.2    O'Connor, S.3
  • 101
    • 35248827576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised genomic structure of the human ghrelin gene and identification of novel exons, alternative splice variants and natural antisense transcripts
    • Seim I, Collet C, Herington AC, Chopin LK. Revised genomic structure of the human ghrelin gene and identification of novel exons, alternative splice variants and natural antisense transcripts. BMC Genomics 2007; 8: 298.
    • (2007) BMC Genomics , vol.8 , pp. 298
    • Seim, I.1    Collet, C.2    Herington, A.C.3    Chopin, L.K.4
  • 102
    • 58249102220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex organisation and structure of the ghrelin antisense strand gene GHRLOS, a candidate non-coding RNA gene
    • Seim I, Carter SL, Herington AC, Chopin LK. Complex organisation and structure of the ghrelin antisense strand gene GHRLOS, a candidate non-coding RNA gene. BMC Mol Biol 2008; 9: 95.
    • (2008) BMC Mol Biol , vol.9 , pp. 95
    • Seim, I.1    Carter, S.L.2    Herington, A.C.3    Chopin, L.K.4
  • 103
    • 74749097279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic suppression of ghrelin receptors activates brown adipocyte function and decreases fat storage in rats
    • Mano-Otagiri A, Iwasaki-Sekino A, Nemoto T, et al. Genetic suppression of ghrelin receptors activates brown adipocyte function and decreases fat storage in rats. Regul Pept 2010; 160: 81-90.
    • (2010) Regul Pept , vol.160 , pp. 81-90
    • Mano-Otagiri, A.1    Iwasaki-Sekino, A.2    Nemoto, T.3
  • 104
    • 38849090670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone
    • Yang J, Brown MS, Liang G, Grishin NV, Goldstein JL. Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone. Cell 2008; 132: 387-396.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 387-396
    • Yang, J.1    Brown, M.S.2    Liang, G.3    Grishin, N.V.4    Goldstein, J.L.5
  • 105
    • 44049094269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase
    • Gutierrez JA, Solenberg PJ, Perkins DR, et al. Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 6320-6325.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 6320-6325
    • Gutierrez, J.A.1    Solenberg, P.J.2    Perkins, D.R.3
  • 106
    • 80052583940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) in human tissues
    • Lim CT, Kola B, Grossman A, Korbonits M. The expression of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) in human tissues. Endocr J 2011; 58: 707-710.
    • (2011) Endocr J , vol.58 , pp. 707-710
    • Lim, C.T.1    Kola, B.2    Grossman, A.3    Korbonits, M.4
  • 108
    • 67650423944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balance
    • Kirchner H, Gutierrez JA, Solenberg PJ, et al. GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balance. Nat Med 2009; 15: 741-745.
    • (2009) Nat Med , vol.15 , pp. 741-745
    • Kirchner, H.1    Gutierrez, J.A.2    Solenberg, P.J.3
  • 109
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth hormone releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima M, Hosodo H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kanagawa K. Ghrelin is a growth hormone releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 656-660.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosodo, H.2    Date, Y.3    Nakazato, M.4    Matsuo, H.5    Kanagawa, K.6
  • 110
    • 79959433505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small molecule antagonist of ghrelin Oacyltransferase (GOAT)
    • Garner AL, Janda KD. A small molecule antagonist of ghrelin Oacyltransferase (GOAT). Chem Commun 2011; 47: 7512-7514.
    • (2011) Chem Commun , vol.47 , pp. 7512-7514
    • Garner, A.L.1    Janda, K.D.2
  • 111
    • 78650304822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose and weight control in mice with a designed ghrelin O-acyltransferase inhibitor
    • Barnett BP, Hwang Y, Taylor MS, et al. Glucose and weight control in mice with a designed ghrelin O-acyltransferase inhibitor. Science 2010; 330: 1689-1692.
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 1689-1692
    • Barnett, B.P.1    Hwang, Y.2    Taylor, M.S.3
  • 112
    • 77952165770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for growth hormone-mediated survival of calorierestricted mice
    • Zhao TJ, Liang G, Li RL, et al. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for growth hormone-mediated survival of calorierestricted mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 7467-7472.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 7467-7472
    • Zhao, T.J.1    Liang, G.2    Li, R.L.3
  • 113
    • 49449085708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of ghrelin Oacyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides
    • Yang J, Zhao TJ, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Inhibition of ghrelin Oacyltransferase (GOAT) by octanoylated pentapeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 10750-10755.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 10750-10755
    • Yang, J.1    Zhao, T.J.2    Goldstein, J.L.3    Brown, M.S.4
  • 114
    • 56249104802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic antibody degradation of ghrelin increases whole-body metabolic rate and reduces refeeding in fasting mice
    • Mayorov AV, Amara N, Chang JY, et al. Catalytic antibody degradation of ghrelin increases whole-body metabolic rate and reduces refeeding in fasting mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 17487-17492.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 17487-17492
    • Mayorov, A.V.1    Amara, N.2    Chang, J.Y.3
  • 115
    • 77957266562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of acyl-protein thioesterase 1/lysophospholipase I as a ghrelin deacylation/lysophospholipid hydrolyzing enzyme in fetal bovine serum and conditioned medium
    • Satou M, Nishi Y, Yoh J, Hattori Y, Sugimoto H. Identification and characterization of acyl-protein thioesterase 1/lysophospholipase I as a ghrelin deacylation/lysophospholipid hydrolyzing enzyme in fetal bovine serum and conditioned medium. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 4765-4775.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 4765-4775
    • Satou, M.1    Nishi, Y.2    Yoh, J.3    Hattori, Y.4    Sugimoto, H.5
  • 118
    • 0037762542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin can bind to a species of high density lipoprotein associated with paraoxonase
    • Beaumont NJ, Skinner VO, Tan TM, et al. Ghrelin can bind to a species of high density lipoprotein associated with paraoxonase. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 8877-8880.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 8877-8880
    • Beaumont, N.J.1    Skinner, V.O.2    Tan, T.M.3
  • 120
    • 79958082780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system
    • Baatar D, Patel K, Taub DD. The effects of ghrelin on inflammation and the immune system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340: 44-58.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.340 , pp. 44-58
    • Baatar, D.1    Patel, K.2    Taub, D.D.3
  • 121
    • 79958788035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular actions of the ghrelin gene-derived peptides and growth hormone-releasing hormone
    • Granata R, Isgaard J, Alloatti G, Ghigo E. Cardiovascular actions of the ghrelin gene-derived peptides and growth hormone-releasing hormone. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236: 505-514.
    • (2011) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.236 , pp. 505-514
    • Granata, R.1    Isgaard, J.2    Alloatti, G.3    Ghigo, E.4
  • 122
    • 79958080521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
    • Ukkola O. Ghrelin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340: 26-8.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.340 , pp. 26-28
    • Ukkola, O.1
  • 124
    • 71849109389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean mean fat reducing ghrelin machine: Hypothalamic ghrelin and ghrelin receptors as therapeutic targets in obesity
    • Schellekens H, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Lean mean fat reducing ghrelin machine: hypothalamic ghrelin and ghrelin receptors as therapeutic targets in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58: 2-16.
    • (2010) Neuropharmacology , vol.58 , pp. 2-16
    • Schellekens, H.1    Dinan, T.G.2    Cryan, J.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.