Influenza pandemics

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 719, Issue , 2011, Pages 81-103

  Elderfield, Ruth ^a   Barclay, Wendy ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; HN PROTEIN; INFLUENZA VACCINE; INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1; OSELTAMIVIR; PB1 F2 PROTEIN; RIMANTADINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS PROTEIN; ZANAMIVIR;

2009 H1N1 INFLUENZA; AGE; ANTIGENIC DRIFT; ANTIGENIC SHIFT; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; INFLUENZA A (H2N2); INFLUENZA A (H3N2); INFLUENZA VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H1N1; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H2N2; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H3N2; MIXED INFECTION; NATURAL HOST; NONHUMAN; POINT MUTATION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; RECEPTOR SWITCHING; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; SPANISH INFLUENZA; SWINE; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS MUTATION; VIRUS RECOMBINATION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PANDEMICS;

EID: 83455195335     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0204-6_8     Document Type: Article

References (153)

1. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Harvey HA, Memoli MJ. The 1918 influenza pandemic: lessons for 2009 and the future. Critical Care Medicine. 2010;38(4 Suppl):e10-20.
2. Johnson NPAS, Mueller J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 "Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 2002 Jan;76(1):105-15
3. Gouarin S, Vabret A, Dina J, Petitjean J, Brouard J, Freymuth F. Study of Influenza C Virus Infection in France. Ibis. 2008;1446(April):1441-1446. (Pubitemid 351897417)
4. Shope RE. Swine Influenza : I. Experimental Transmission and Pathology. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1931 Jul;54(3):349-59.
5. Shope RE. The Etiology of Swine Influenza. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1931 Feb;73(1886):214-5.
6. Laidlaw PP, Smith W, with C. H. The susceptibility of mice to the viruses of human and swine influenza. Lancet, The. 1934;2(859):
7. Andrewes CH, Laidlaw PP, with W. Virus obtained from influenza patients. Lancet, The. 1933;19(66):
8. Taubenberger JK, Morens DM. 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006 Jan;12(1):15-22.
9. Reid AH, Fanning TG, Hultin JV, Taubenberger JK. Origin and evolution of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus hemagglutinin gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999 Feb;96(4):1651-6. (Pubitemid 29098506)
10. Taubenberger JK. Initial Genetic Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" Influenza Virus Science. 1997 Mar;275(5307):1793-1796. (Pubitemid 27136717)
11. Tumpey TM, Basler CF, Aguilar PV, Zeng H, Solórzano A, Swayne DE, et al. Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2005 Oct;310(5745):77-80.
12. Reid AH, Fanning TG, Janczewski TA, Taubenberger JK. Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus neuraminidase gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000 Jun;97(12):6785-90. (Pubitemid 30412792)
13. Basler CF, Reid AH, Dybing JK, Janczewski TA, Fanning TG, Zheng H, et al. Sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nonstructural gene (NS) segment and characterization of recombinant viruses bearing the 1918 NS genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001 Feb;98(5):2746-51. (Pubitemid 32209554)
14. Reid AH, Fanning TG, Janczewski TA, McCall S, Taubenberger JK. Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus matrix gene segment. Journal of Virology. 2002 Nov;76(21):10717-23. (Pubitemid 35176188)
15. Reid AH, Fanning TG, Janczewski TA, Lourens RM, Taubenberger JK. Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene. Journal of Virology. 2004 Nov;78(22):12462-70. (Pubitemid 39458764)
16. Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Lourens RM, Wang R, Jin G, Fanning TG. Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes. Nature. 2005 Oct;437(7060):889-93. (Pubitemid 41486764)
17. Brand JMA Van den, Stittelaar KJ, Amerongen G van, Rimmelzwaan GF, Simon J, Wit E de, et al. Severity of pneumonia due to new H1N1 influenza virus in ferrets is intermediate between that due to seasonal H1N1 virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010 Apr;201(7):993-9.
18. Memoli MJ, Tumpey TM, Jagger BW, Dugan VG, Sheng Z-M, Qi L, et al. An early "classical" swine H1N1 influenza virus shows similar pathogenicity to the 1918 pandemic virus in ferrets and mice. Virology. 2009;393(2):338-345.
19. Tumpey TM, García-Sastre A, Taubenberger JK, Palese P, Swayne DE, Basler CF. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101(9):3166-3171. (Pubitemid 38327752)
20. Weingartl HM, Albrecht RA, Lager KM, Babiuk S, Marszal P, Neufeld J, et al. Experimental infection of pigs with the human 1918 pandemic influenza virus. Journal of Virology. 2009;83(9):4287-4296.
21. Meunier I, Pillet S, Simonsen JN, Messling V von. Influenza pathogenesis: lessons learned from animal studies with H5N1, H1N1 Spanish, and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza. Critical Care Medicine. 2010 Apr;38 (4 Suppl):e21-9.
22. Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Shinya K, Kim JH, Hatta M, Kawaoka Y. Viral RNA polymerase complex promotes optimal growth of 1918 virus in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009 Jan;106(2):588-92.
23. Belser J a, Wadford DA, Pappas C, Gustin KM, Maines TR, Pearce MB, et al. Pathogenesis of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in mice. Journal of Virology. 2010 May;84(9):4194-203.
24. Klugman KP, Mills Astley C, Lipsitch M. Time from Illness Onset to Death, 1918 Infl uenza and Pneumococcal Pneumonia Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2009 Apr;15(2):346-347.
25. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS. Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008 Oct;198(7):962-70.
26. Brown JN, Palermo RE, Baskin CR, Gritsenko M, Sabourin PJ, Long JP, et al. Macaque Proteome Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and 1918 Reassortant Influenza Virus Infections. Journal of Virology. 2010 Sep;
27. Billharz R, Zeng H, Proll SC, Korth MJ, Lederer S, Albrecht R, et al. The NS1 protein of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus blocks host interferon and lipid metabolism pathways. Journal of Virology. 2009 Oct;83(20):10557-70.
28. Kash JC, Basler CF, García-Sastre A, Carter V, Billharz R, Swayne DE, et al. Global host immune response: pathogenesis and transcriptional profiling of type A influenza viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. Journal of Virology. 2004 Sep;78(17):9499-511. (Pubitemid 39096557)
29. Kobasa D, Jones SM, Shinya K, Kash JC, Copps J, Ebihara H, et al. Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus. Nature. 2007 Jan;445(7125):319-23.
30. Nelson MI, Viboud C, Simonsen L, Bennett RT, Griesemer SB, St George K, et al. Multiple reassortment events in the evolutionary history of H1N1 influenza A virus since 1918. PLoS Pathogens. 2008 Feb;4(2):e1000012.
31. Lagacé-Wiens PRS, Rubinstein E, Gumel A. Influenza epidemiology-past, present, and future. Critical Care Medicine. 2010 Apr;38(4 Suppl):e1-9.
32. Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. Annual Review of Medicine. 2000 Jan;51407-21.
33. Wertheim JO. The re-emergence of H1N1 influenza virus in 1977: a cautionary tale for estimating divergence times using biologically unrealistic sampling dates. PloS One. 2010 Jan;5(6):e11184.
34. Zimmer SM, Burke DS. Historical perspective-Emergence of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Jul;361(3):279-85.
35. Scholtissek C, Hoyningen V von, Rott R. Genetic relatedness between the new 1977 epidemic strains (H1N1) of influenza and human influenza strains isolated between 1947 and 1957 (H1N1). Virology. 1978 Sep;89(2): 613-7. (Pubitemid 9122678)
36. Nakajima K, Desselberger U, Palese P. Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950. Nature. 1978 Jul;274(5669):334-9. (Pubitemid 8387326)
37. Kishida N, Sakoda Y, Isoda N, Matsuda K, Eto M, Sunaga Y, et al. Pathogenicity of H5 influenza viruses for ducks. Archives of Virology. 2005 Jul;150(7):1383-92. (Pubitemid 40837325)
38. Homme PJ, Easterday BC. Avian influenza virus infections. IV. Response of pheasants, ducks, and geese to influenza A-turkey-Wisconsin-1966 virus. Avian Diseases. 1970 May;14(2):285-90.
39. Krauss S, Webster R. Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance and Wild Birds: Past and Present. Avian Diseases. 2010;(54):394-398.
40. Stallknecht DE, Kearney MT, Shane SM, Zwank PJ. Effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Diseases. 1990;34(2):412-8.
41. Stallknecht DE, Shane SM, Kearney MT, Zwank PJ. Persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Diseases. 1990;34(2):406-11.
42. Donis RO, Bean WJ, Kawaoka Y, Webster RG. Distinct lineages of influenza virus H4 hemagglutinin genes in different regions of the world. Virology. 1989 Apr;169(2):408-17. (Pubitemid 19105925)
43. Thompson CI, Barclay WS, Zambon MC, Pickles RJ. Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza a virus. Journal of Virology. 2006 Aug;80(16):8060-8. (Pubitemid 44182306)
44. Thompson CI, Barclay WS, Zambon MC. Changes in in vitro susceptibility of influenza A H3N2 viruses to a neuraminidase inhibitor drug during evolution in the human host. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2004 May;53(5):759-65. (Pubitemid 38660275)
45. WHO. WHO | Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported to WHO 2010.
46. Elliot AJ, et al. Surveillance of influenza-like illness in England and Wales during 1966-2006. Euro Surveill. 2006;11(10):pii=651. Available from: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=651.
47. Lessler J, Cummings DAT, Fishman S, Vora A, Burke DS. Transmissibility of swine flu at Fort Dix, 1976. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface/The Royal Society. 2007 Aug;4(15):755-62. (Pubitemid 47204174)
48. Gaydos JC, Top FH, Hodder RA, Russell PK. Swine Influenza A Outbreak, Fort Dix, New Jersey, 1976. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(1):23-28. (Pubitemid 43143530)
49. Kida H, Ito T, Yasuda J, Shimizu Y, Itakura C, Shortridge KF, et al. Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs. Journal of General Virology. 1994 Sep;75(9):2183-2188. (Pubitemid 24282230)
50. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell C a, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Balish A, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2009 Jul;325(5937):197-201.
51. Smith GJD, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus OG, et al. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009 Jun;459(7250):1122-5.
52. Ito T, Couceiro JNSS, Kelm S, Baum LG, Krauss S, Castrucci MR, et al. Molecular Basis for the Generation in Pigs of Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential J. Virol. 1998;72(9):7367-7373. (Pubitemid 28377868)
53. Naeve CW, Hinshaw VS, Webster RG. Mutations in the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site can change the biological properties of an influenza virus. Journal of Virology. 1984 Aug;51(2):567-9. (Pubitemid 14091453)
54. Matrosovich M, Tuzikov A, Bovin N, Gambaryan A, Klimov A, Castrucci MR, et al. Early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals. Journal of Virology. 2000 Sep;74(18):8502-12. (Pubitemid 30666701)
55. Pappas C, Viswanathan K, Chandrasekaran A, Raman R, Katz JM, Sasisekharan R, et al. Receptor Specificity and Transmission of H2N2 Subtype Viruses Isolated from the Pandemic of 1957. PloS One. 2010 Jan;5(6):e11158.
56. Ayora-Talavera G, Shelton H, Scull M a, Ren J, Jones IM, Pickles RJ, et al. Mutations in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin that confer binding to human tracheal airway epithelium. PloS One. 2009 Jan;4(11):e7836.
57. Chutinimitkul S, Riel D van, Munster VJ, Brand JMA Van den, Rimmelzwaan GF, Kuiken T, et al. In vitro assessment of attachment pattern and replication efficiency of H5N1 influenza A viruses with altered receptor specificity. Journal of Virology. 2010 Jul;84(13):6825-33.
58. Nicholls JM, Chan RWY, Russell RJ, Air GM, Peiris JSM. Evolving complexities of influenza virus and its receptors. Trends in Microbiology. 2008 Apr;16(4):149-57.
59. Stevens J, Blixt O, Glaser L, Taubenberger JK, Palese P, Paulson JC, et al. Glycan microarray analysis of the hemagglutinins from modern and pandemic influenza viruses reveals different receptor specificities. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2006 Feb;355(5):1143-55. (Pubitemid 43012153)
60. Stevens J, Blixt O, Chen L-M, Donis RO, Paulson JC, Wilson I a. Recent avian H5N1 viruses exhibit increased propensity for acquiring human receptor specificity. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2008 Sep;381(5):1382-94.
61. Blixt O, Head S, Mondala T, Scanlan C, Huflejt ME, Alvarez R, et al. Printed covalent glycan array for ligand profiling of diverse glycan binding proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004 Dec;101(49):17033-8. (Pubitemid 39627769)
62. Liao H-Y, Hsu C-H, Wang S-C, Liang C-H, Yen H-Y, Su C-Y, et al. Differential Receptor Binding Affinities of Influenza Hemagglutinins on Glycan Arrays. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2010 Sep;286-291.
63. Childs RA, Palma AS, Wharton S, Matrosovich T, Liu Y, Chai W, et al. Receptor-binding specificity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus determined by carbohydrate microarray. Nature Biotechnology. 2010 Feb;28(2):178-178.
64. Trifonov V, Khiabanian H, Rabadan R. Influenza A (H1N1) Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009; 115-119.
65. Pebody RG, McLean E, Zhao H, Cleary P, Bracebridge S, Foster K, et al. Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and mortality in the United Kingdom: risk factors for death, April 2009 to March 2010. Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin. 2010 Jan;15(20):1-11.
66. HPA. The role of the Health Protection Agency in the " containment" phase during the first wave of pandemic influenza in England in 2009. 2010.
67. Miller E, Hoschler K, Hardelid P, Stanford E, Andrews N, Zambon M. Incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study. The Lancet. 2010 Apr;375(9720): 1100-1108.
68. HPA. Weekly epidemiological update 2010;36[cited 2010 Sep 13] Available from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAweb&Page&HPAwebAutoListName/Page/ 1243928258560.
69. WHO. WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009-update 112 World Health Organisation, Global Alert Response. 2010;
70. Girard MP, Katz J, Pervikov Y, Palkonyay L, Kieny M-P. Report of the 6th meeting on the evaluation of pandemic influenza vaccines in clinical trials World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 17-18 February 2010. Vaccine. 2010 Oct;28(42):6811-20.
71. Johnson BF, Wilson LE, Ellis J, Elliot AJ, Barclay WS, Pebody RG, et al. Fatal cases of influenza a in childhood. PloS One. 2009 Jan;4(10):e7671.
72. Sachedina N, Donaldson LJ. Paediatric mortality related to pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: an observational population-based study. The Lancet. 2010 Oct;6736(10):1-7.
73. Rothberg MB, Haessler SD. Complications of seasonal and pandemic influenza. Critical Care Medicine. 2010;38(4 Suppl):e91-7.
74. Ferguson NM, Cummings DAT, Fraser C, Cajka JC, Cooley PC, Burke DS. Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic. Nature. 2006;442(7101):448-452. (Pubitemid 44264793)
75. Kawaguchi R. Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak and School Closure, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009 Oct;15(10):2009-2009.
76. Wu JT. School Closure and Mitigation of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2010 Mar;16(3):10-13.
77. Miller E, Hoschler K, Hardelid P, Stanford E, Andrews N, Zambon M. Incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study. The Lancet. 2010;375(9720):1100-1108.
78. Wu JT, Ma ESK, Lee CK, Chu DKW, Ho P, Shen AL, et al. The Infection Attack Rate and Severity of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Hong Kong. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010 Nov;51(10):1184-1191
79. Reyes L, Arvelo W, Estevez A, Gray J, Moir JC, Gordillo B, et al. Population-based surveillance for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Guatemala, 2009. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 2010 May;4(3):129-40.
80. Libster R, Bugna J, Coviello S, Hijano DR, Dunaiewsky M, Reynoso N, et al. Pediatric hospitalizations associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(1):45-55.
81. Klooster T van, Wielders C, Donker T, Isken L, Meijer A, Den Wijngaard C van, et al. Surveillance of Hospitalisations for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) in the Netherlands, 5 June-31 December 2009 Eurosurveillance. 2010;15(2):4.
82. Pitman RJ, Melegaro A, Gelb D, Siddiqui MR, Gay NJ, Edmunds WJ. Assessing the burden of influenza and other respiratory infections in England and Wales. The Journal of Infection. 2007 Jun;54(6):530-8. (Pubitemid 46731221)
83. Zhao C, Gan Y, Sun J. Radiographic study of severe Influenza-A (H1N1) disease in children. European Journal of Radiology. 2010 Oct;1-5.
84. Zheng Y, He Y, Deng J, Lu Z, Wei J, Yang W, et al. Hospitalized children with 2009 influenza a (H1N1) infection in Shenzhen, China, november-december 2009. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2010 Oct;(July):1-7.
85. Halasa NB. Update on the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in children. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;22(1):83-7.
86. Feiterna-Sperling C, Edelmann A, Nickel R, Magdorf K, Bergmann F, Rautenberg P, et al. Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak among 15 School-Aged HIV-1-Infected Children. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010 Nov;518-12.
87. Falagas ME, Koletsi PK, Baskouta E, Rafailidis PI, Dimopoulos G, Karageorgopoulos DE. Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza: review of the Southern Hemisphere experience. Epidemiology and Infection. 2010 Oct;5:1-14.
88. Sasbón JS, Centeno M a, García MD, Boada NB, Lattini BE, Motto E a, et al. Influenza A (pH1N1) infection in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit: Differences with other respiratory viruses. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: A Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. 2010 Apr;12(1):1-5.
89. Bautista E, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, Harper S a, Shaw M, Uyeki TM, et al. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010 May;362(18): 1708-19.
90. Siston AM, Rasmussen S a, Honein M a, Fry AM, Seib K, Callaghan WM, et al. Pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus illness among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2010 Apr;303(15):1517-25.
91. Goodnight WH, Soper DE. Pneumonia in pregnancy. Critical Care Medicine. 2005 Oct;33(Supplement): S390-S397. (Pubitemid 41437465)
92. Rasmussen S a, Jamieson DJ, Bresee JS. Pandemic influenza and pregnant women. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008 Jan;14(1):95-100.
93. Jamieson DJ, Theiler RN, Rasmussen S a. Emerging infections and pregnancy. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006 Nov;12(11):1638-43. (Pubitemid 44674237)
94. Gordon CL, Johnson PDR, Permezel M, Holmes NE, Gutteridge G, McDonald CF, et al. Association between severe pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and immunoglobulin G(2) subclass deficiency. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010 Mar;50(5):672-8.
95. Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Openshaw PJM, Hashim a, Gadd EM, Lim WS, Semple MG, et al. Risk factors for hospitalisation and poor outcome with pandemic A/H1N1 influenza: United Kingdom first wave (May-September 2009). Thorax. 2010 Jul;65(7):645-51.
96. Shieh W-J, Blau DM, Denison AM, Deleon-Carnes M, Adem P, Bhatnagar J, et al. 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States. The American Journal of Pathology. 2010 Jul;177(1):166-75.
97. Gill JR, Sheng Z-M, Ely SF, Guinee DG, Beasley MB, Suh J, et al. Pulmonary pathologic findings of fatal 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 viral infections. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2010 Feb;134(2): 235-43.
98. Mauad T, Hajjar LA, Callegari GD, Silva LFF da, Schout D, Galas FRBG, et al. Lung pathology in fatal novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2010 Jan;181(1):72-9.
99. Palacios G, Hornig M, Cisterna D, Savji N, Bussetti AV, Kapoor V, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection is correlated with the severity of H1N1 pandemic influenza. PloS One. 2009 Jan;4(12):e8540.
100. Waddington CS, Walker WT, Oeser C, Reiner A, John T, Wilkins S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of AS03B adjuvanted split virion versus non-adjuvanted whole virion H1N1 influenza vaccine in UK children aged 6 months-12 years: open label, randomised, parallel group, multicentre study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2010 Jan;340c2649.
101. Munster VJ, Wit E de, Brand JMA Van den, Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ a, Bestebroer TM, et al. Pathogenesis and transmission of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in ferrets. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2009 Jul;325(5939):481-3.
102. Itoh Y, Shinya K, Kiso M, Watanabe T, Sakoda Y, Hatta M, et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses. Nature. 2009;460(7258):1021-1025.
103. Shinya K, Ebina M, Yamada S, Ono M, Kasai N, Kawaoka Y. Avian flu: influenza virus receptors in the human airway. Nature. 2006 Mar;440(7083):435-6.
104. Bright RA, Medina M-jo, Xu X, Perez-Oronoz G, Wallis TR, Davis XM, et al. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. The Lancet. 2005 Oct;366(9492):1175-1181. (Pubitemid 41393595)
105. Sweet C, Hayden FG, Jakeman KJ, Grambas S, Haya J. Virulence of rimantadine-resistant human influenza A (H3N2) viruses in ferrets. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1991 Nov;164(5):969-72.
106. Nelson MI, Simonsen L, Viboud C, Miller M a, Holmes EC. The origin and global emergence of adamantane resistant A/H3N2 influenza viruses. Virology. 2009 Jun;388(2):270-8.
107. Rungrotmongkol T, Intharathep P, Malaisree M, Nunthaboot N, Kaiyawet N, Sompornpisut P, et al. Susceptibility of antiviral drugs against 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2009 Jul;385(3):390-4.
108. Moss RB, Davey RT, Steigbigel RT, Fang F. Targeting pandemic influenza: a primer on influenza antivirals and drug resistance. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010 Jun;65(6):1086-93.
109. Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Del Mar C. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ. 2009 Dec;339(dec07 2):b5106-b5106.
110. Carr J, Ives J, Kelly L, Lambkin R, Oxford J, Mendel D, et al. Influenza virus carrying neuraminidase with reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate has altered properties in vitro and is compromised for infectivity and replicative ability in vivo. Antiviral Research. 2002 May;54(2):79-88. (Pubitemid 34327686)
111. Ives J a L, Carr J a, Mendel DB, Tai CY, Lambkin R, Kelly L, et al. The H274Y mutation in the influenza A/H1N1 neuraminidase active site following oseltamivir phosphate treatment leave virus severely compromised both in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Research. 2002 Aug;55(2):307-17. (Pubitemid 34718130)
112. Meijer A. Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Virus A (H1N1), Europe, 2007-08 Season. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009 Apr;15(4):552-560.
113. Collins PJ, Haire LF, Lin YP, Liu J, Russell RJ, Walker P a, et al. Structural basis for oseltamivir resistance of influenza viruses. Vaccine. 2009 Oct;27(45):6317-23.
114. Rameix-Welti M-A, Enouf V, Cuvelier F, Jeannin P, Werf S Van der. Enzymatic properties of the neuraminidase of seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses provide insights for the emergence of natural resistance to oseltamivir. PLoS Pathogens. 2008 Jul;4(7):e1000103.
115. Chen H. Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Hong Kong, China Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009 Dec;15(12):1970-1972.
116. Baz M, Abed Y, Papenburg J, Bouhy X, Hamelin M-E, Boivin G. Emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus during prophylaxis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Dec;361(23):2296-7.
117. Duan S, Boltz DA, Seiler P, Li J, Bragstad K, Nielsen LP, et al. Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza virus possesses lower transmissibility and fitness in ferrets. PLoS Pathogens. 2010 Jan;6(7):e1001022.
118. Seibert CW, Kaminski M, Philipp J, Rubbenstroth D, Albrecht RA, Schwalm F, et al. Oseltamivir-resistant variants of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus are not attenuated in the guinea pig and ferret transmission models. Journal of Virology. 2010 Aug;
119. Hamelin M-È, Baz M, Abed Y, Couture C, Joubert P, Beaulieu É, et al. Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus Is as Virulent as Its Wild-Type Counterpart in Mice and Ferrets. PLoS Pathogens. 2010 Jul;6(7):e1001015.
120. Miller RR, MacLean a R, Gunson RN, Carman WF. Occurrence of haemagglutinin mutation D222G in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infected patients in the West of Scotland, United Kingdom, 2009-10. Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin. 2010 Jan;15(16):19534-19534.
121. Puzelli S. Transmission of Hemagglutinin D222G Mutant Strain of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2010 May;16(5):2009-2011.
122. Melidou A, Gioula G, Exindari M, Chatzidimitriou D, Diza E, Malisiovas N. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 viruses associated with severe and fatal infections. Virus Research. 2010 Aug;151(2):192-9.
123. Chen H, Wen X, To KKW, Wang P, Tse H, Chan JFW, et al. Quasispecies of the D225G substitution in the hemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus from patients with severe disease in Hong Kong, China. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010 May;201(10):1517-21.
124. Liu Y, Childs RA, Matrosovich T, Wharton S, Palma AS, Chai W, et al. Altered receptor specificity and cell tropism of D222G haemagglutinin mutants from fatal cases of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza. Journal of Virology. 2010 Sep
125. Antón A, Marcos MA, Martínez MJ, Ramón S, Martínez A, Cardeñosa N, et al. D225G mutation in the hemagglutinin protein found in 3 severe cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Spain. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2010 Jun;67(2):207-8.
126. WHO. Preliminary review of D222G amino acid substitution in the haemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses. Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire/Section d'hygiène du Secrétariat de la Société des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record/Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 2010 Jan;85(4):21-2.
127. Chutinimitkul S, Herfst S, Steel J, Lowen AC, Ye J, Riel D van, et al. Virulence-associated substitution D222G in hemagglutinin of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus affects receptor binding. Journal of Virology. 2010 Sep
128. Ning Z-Y, Luo M-Y, Qi W-B, Yu B, Jiao P-R, Liao M. Detection of expression of influenza virus receptors in tissues of BALB/c mice by histochemistry. Veterinary Research Communications. 2009 Aug;895-903.
129. Chen W, Calvo PA, Malide D, Gibbs J, Schubert U, Bacik I, et al. A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death. Nature Medicine. 2001;7(12):1306-1312. (Pubitemid 34007934)
130. Zamarin D, García-Sastre A, Xiao X, Wang R, Palese P. Influenza virus PB1-F2 protein induces cell death through mitochondrial ANT3 and VDAC1. PLoS Pathogens. 2005 Sep;1(1):e4.
131. Zamarin D, Ortigoza MB, Palese P. Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein contributes to viral pathogenesis in mice. Journal of Virology. 2006 Aug;80(16):7976-83. (Pubitemid 44182298)
132. Gibbs JS, Malide D, Hornung F, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW. The Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Protein Targets the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane via a Predicted Basic Amphipathic Helix That Disrupts Mitochondrial Function. Journal of Virology. 2003 Jul;77(13):7214-7224. (Pubitemid 36734490)
133. McAuley JL, Hornung F, Boyd KL, Smith AM, McKeon R, Bennink J, et al. Expression of the 1918 influenza A virus PB1-F2 enhances the pathogenesis of viral and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell Host & Microbe. 2007 Oct;2(4):240-9. (Pubitemid 47500821)
134. McAuley JL, Zhang K, McCullers JA. The effects of influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein on polymerase activity are strain specific and do not impact pathogenesis. Journal of Virology. 2010 Jan;84(1):558-64.
135. Mazur I, Anhlan D, Mitzner D, Wixler L, Schubert U, Ludwig S. The proapoptotic influenza A virus protein PB1-F2 regulates viral polymerase activity by interaction with the PB1 protein. Cellular Microbiology. 2008 May;10(5):1140-52. (Pubitemid 351524278)
136. Zell R, Krumbholz A, Eitner A, Krieg R, Halbhuber K-J, Wutzler P. Prevalence of PB1-F2 of influenza A viruses. The Journal of General Virology. 2007 Feb;88(Pt 2):536-46. (Pubitemid 46210893)
137. Henkel M, Mitzner D, Henklein P, Meyer-Almes F-J, Moroni A, Difrancesco ML, et al. The Proapoptotic Influenza A Virus Protein PB1-F2 Forms a Nonselective Ion Channel. PloS One. 2010 Jan;5(6):e11112.
138. McCullers JA, English BK. Improving therapeutic strategies for secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza. Future Microbiology. 2008 Aug;3397-404.
139. Conenello GM, Zamarin D, Perrone LA, Tumpey T, Palese P. A single mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 influenza A viruses contributes to increased virulence. PLoS Pathogens. 2007 Oct;3(10): 1414-21. (Pubitemid 350085606)
140. Hai R, Schmolke M, Varga ZT, Manicassamy B, Wang TT, Belser JA, et al. PB1-F2 expression by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus has minimal impact on virulence in animal models. Journal of Virology. 2010 May;84(9):4442-50.
141. Hale BG, Randall RE, Ortín J, Jackson D. The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses. The Journal of General Virology. 2008 Oct;89(Pt 10):2359-76.
142. Steidle S, Martínez-Sobrido L, Mordstein M, Lienenklaus S, García-Sastre A, Stäheli P, et al. Glycine 184 in the non-structural protein NS1 determines virulence of influenza A virus strain PR8 without affecting the host interferon response. Journal of Virology. 2010 Oct
143. Hale BG, Steel J, Medina RA, Manicassamy B, Ye J, Hickman D, et al. Inefficient control of host gene expression by the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus NS1 protein. Journal of Virology. 2010 Jul;84(14): 6909-22.
144. Osterlund P, Pirhonen J, Ikonen N, Rönkkö E, Strengell M, Mäkelä SM, et al. Pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus induces weak cytokine responses in human macrophages and dendritic cells and is highly sensitive to the antiviral actions of interferons. Journal of Virology. 2010 Feb;84(3):1414-22.
145. Texas State Health services. Texas Influenza survelliance Report 2010-2011 Season MMWR Week 42 Texas Influenza survelliance Report 2010-2011 Season MMWR Week 42. 2010
146. Russell C a, Jones TC, Barr IG, Cox NJ, Garten RJ, Gregory V, et al. The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2008 Apr;320(5874):340-6. (Pubitemid 351555652)
147. Hensley SE, Das SR, Bailey AL, Schmidt LM, Hickman HD, Jayaraman A, et al. Hemagglutinin receptor binding avidity drives influenza A virus antigenic drift. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2009 Oct;326(5953):734-6.
148. Thompson CI, Barclay WS, Zambon MC. Changes in in vitro susceptibility of influenza A H3N2 viruses to a neuraminidase inhibitor drug during evolution in the human host. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2004 May;53(5):759-65. (Pubitemid 38660275)
149. Vijaykrishna D, Poon LLM, Zhu HC, Ma SK, Li OTW, Cheung CL, et al. Reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in swine. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2010 Jun;328(5985):1529.
150. Kido H, Yokogoshi Y, Sakai K, Tashiro M, Kishino Y, Fukutomi a, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease found in rat bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells. A possible activator of the viral fusion glycoprotein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13573-9.
151. Stieneke-Grober A, Vey M, Angliker H, et al. Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease. EMBO J 1992;11:2407-2414.
152. Kawaoka Y, Nestorowicz A, Alexander DJ, Webster RG. Molecular analyses of the hemagglutinin genes of H5 influenza viruses: origin of a virulent turkey strain. Virology 1987 May;158(1):218-27. (Pubitemid 17073084)
153. Bosch FX, Von Hoyningen-Huene V, Scholtissek C, Rott R. The overall evolution of the H7 influenza virus haemagglutinins is different from the evolution of the proteolytic cleavage site. The Journal of General Virology. 1982 Jul;61 (Pt l):101-4. (Pubitemid 12003880)