Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus

Science

Volumn 275, Issue 5307, 1997, Pages 1793-1796

  Taubenberger, Jeffery K ^a   Reid, Ann H ^a   Krafft, Amy E ^a   Bijwaard, Karen E ^a   Fanning, Thomas G ^a  

^a ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEMAGGLUTININ; MATRIX PROTEIN; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SIALIDASE; VIRUS RNA;

ARTICLE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFLUENZA VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA SEQUENCE; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

ALGORITHMS; BASE SEQUENCE; GENES, VIRAL; HEMAGGLUTININ GLYCOPROTEINS, INFLUENZA VIRUS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; LUNG; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEURAMINIDASE; NUCLEOPROTEINS; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS; VIRAL CORE PROTEINS; VIRAL MATRIX PROTEINS; VIRULENCE;

AVES; HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA VIRUS; RNA VIRUSES; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 0030987210     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5307.1793     Document Type: Article

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24. 2,200 nM dNTPs, 1 mM each primer, and 1 U Amplitaq Gold) and cycled as above. The reaction product (2 μl) was cloned into the PCR 2.1 vector (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Direct PCR using M13 primers was done on white colonies, and the products were sequenced by cycle sequencing as described [A. H. Reid, R. E. Cunningham, G. Frizzera, T. J. O'Leary, Am. J. Pathol. 142, 395 (1993)].
25. 2,200 nM dNTPs, 1 mM each primer, and 1 U Amplitaq Gold) and cycled as above. The reaction product (2 μl) was cloned into the PCR 2.1 vector (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Direct PCR using M13 primers was done on white colonies, and the products were sequenced by cycle sequencing as described [A. H. Reid, R. E. Cunningham, G. Frizzera, T. J. O'Leary, Am. J. Pathol. 142, 395 (1993)].
26. The sequences used in this analysis, obtained from GenBank, EMBL, and DDBJ, were from the following strains: A/Fiji/2/88 (H1N1) [Fiji88], A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1) [Sing86], A/Czechoslovakia/2/88 (H1N1) [Czech88], A/Yamagata/120/86 (H1N1) [Yamag86], A/Yamagata/32/89 (H1N1) [Yamag89], A/France/ 15/88 (H1N1) [France88], A/Victoria/43/88 (H1N1) [Vict88], A/Sichuan/4/88 (H1N1) [Sichuan88], A/Massachusetts/1/90 (H1N1) [Mass90], A/Leningrad/109/91 (H1N1) [Len91], A/Stockholm/26/90 (H1N1) [Stock90], A/Leningrad/54/1 (H1N1) [Len54], A/Mongolia/231/85 (H1N1) [Mong85], A/Fort Monmouth/1/47/MA (H1N1) [FtMon47], A/Alma Ata/1417/84 (H1N1) [Sw/AlmaAta84], A/swine/Iowa/1976/31 (H1N1) [Sw/Iowa31], A/swine/Iowa/15/30 (H1N1) [Sw/Iowa30], A/swine/ 29/37 (H1N1) [Sw/29/37], A/swine/St. Hyacinthe/ 148/90 (H1N1) [Sw/StHy90], A/swine/Ehime/1/80 (H1N1) [Sw/Ehm80], A/swine/Italy v147/81 (H1N1) [Sw/Italy81], A/swine/St. Hyacinthe/106/91 (H1N1) [Sw/StHy91], A/sw/Illinois/63 (H1N1) [Sw/Ill63], A/NJ/11/76 (X53A) (H1N1) [NJ/1976], A/New Jersey/11/76 (H1N1) [NJ/76], A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) [PR34], A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (Cambridge) (H1N1) [PR34(Cam)], A/WSN/33(H1N1) [WSN33], A/swine/Cambridge/39 (H1N1) [Sw/Cam39], A/swine/NI/38 (H1N1) [Sw/NI38], A/turkey/Germany/3/91 (H1N1) [Ty/Germ91], A/DK/HK/196/77 (H1N1) [Dk/HK77], A/DK/WI/259/80 (H1N1) [Dk/ Wisc80b], A/duck/Alberta/35/76 (H1N1) [Dk/Alb76], A/DK/WI/1938/80 (H1N1) [Dk/Wisc80a], A/sw/Obihiro/5/92 (H1N1) [Sw/Obih92], A/Hokkaido/2/92 (H1N1) [Hokk92], A/Fort Warren/1/50 (H1N1) [Ft-War50], A/Loyang/4/57 (H1N1) [Loyang57], A/FPV/ Rostock/34 (H7N1) [FPV/Rost34], A/parrot/Ullster/ 73 (H7N1) [Parr/Ulls73], A/duck/Ontario/77 (H2N1) [Dk/Ont77], A/tern/Australia/G70C/75 (H11N9) [Tern/Aus75], A/Whale/Maine/1/84 (H13N9) [Whale/ Maine84], A/sw/Hong Kong/3/76 (H3N2) [Sw/ HK76], A/turkey/Oregon/71 (H7N3) [Ty/Oreg71], A/duck/Alberta/77/77 (H2N3) [Dk/Alb77], A/turkey/ Ontario/6118/68 (H8N4) [Ty/Ont68], A/Mallard/Alberta/283/77 (H8N4) [Mall/Alb77], A/duck/England/ 56 (H11N6) [Dk/Eng56], A/duck/Alberta/28/76 (H4N6) [Dk/Alb76a], A/duck/Alberta/60/76 (H12N5) [Dk/Alb76b], A/shearwater/Australia/72 (H6N5) [Gull/Shear72], A/Ken/1/81 (H3N8) [Eq/Ken81], A/Equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3N8) [Eq/Alask91], A/Cor/ 16/74 (H7N7) [Eq/Cor74], A/chick/n/Germany/49 (H10N7) [Ck/Germ49], A/California/10/78 (H1N1) [Calif78], A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2) [Udorn72], A/New Jersey/4/76 (H1N1) [NJ76a], A/Hong Kong/5/83 (H3N2) [HK83], A/Texas/1/77(H3N2) [Texas77], A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) [Brazil78], A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) [USSR77], A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) [AnnArbor60], A/Hickox/40 (H1N1) [Hickox40], A/Wilson-Smith/33 (H1N1) [WS33], A/swine/Ohio/23/35 (H1N1) [Sw/Ohio35], A/swine/Iowa/46 (H1N1) [Sw/ Iowa46], A/swine/Wisconsin/1/57 (H1N1) [Sw/ Wisc57], A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) [NJ76b], A/swine/Italy/2/79 (H1N1) [Sw/Italy79], A/swine/Iowa/17672/88 (H1N1) [Sw/Iowa88], A/swine/Tennessee/24/77 (H1N1) [Sw/Tenn77], A/equine/ Prague/1/56 (H7N7) [Eq/Prague56], A/duck/ Pennsylvania/1/69 (H6N1) [Dk/Penn69], A/Mallard/NY/6750/78 (H2N2) [Mall/NY78], A/duck/ Memphis/928/74 (H3N8) [Dk/Mem74], A/Manitoba/1/53 (H10N7) [Dk/Man53], A/turkey/Ontario/ 7732/66 (H5N9) [Ty/Ont66], A/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) [Eq/Miami63], A/duck/Bavaria/2/77 (H1N1) [Dk/Bav77], A/duck/Hong Kong/7/75 (H3N2) (Dk/ HK75], and A/Anas acuta/Primorje/695/76 (H2N3) [Dk/Prim76].
27. Partially supported by a grant from the American Registry of Pathology and by the intramural funds of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or Department of Defense. This is a U.S. government work; there are no restrictions on its use.