메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 562-576

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Huntington's Disease: Technical, Immunological, and Safety Challenges

Author keywords

Cell therapy; Embryonic stem cells; Huntington's disease; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Neural stem cells; Pluripotent stem cells; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

COGNITION; FETUS CELL; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; IMMUNOGENICITY; NERVE CELL; NERVE GRAFT; NIGRONEOSTRIATAL SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 80955143534     PISSN: 19337213     EISSN: 18787479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0079-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 0027480960 scopus 로고
    • A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes
    • The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group
    • The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group. A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell 1993; 72: 971-983.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.72 , pp. 971-983
  • 2
    • 0029011778 scopus 로고
    • Rationale for intrastriatal grafting of striatal neuroblasts in patients with Huntington's disease
    • Peschanski M, Cesaro P, Hantraye P. Rationale for intrastriatal grafting of striatal neuroblasts in patients with Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 1995; 68: 273-285.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.68 , pp. 273-285
    • Peschanski, M.1    Cesaro, P.2    Hantraye, P.3
  • 3
    • 0031902287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal striatal allografts reverse cognitive deficits in a primate model of Huntington disease
    • Palfi S, Conde F, Riche D, et al. Fetal striatal allografts reverse cognitive deficits in a primate model of Huntington disease. Nat Med 1998; 4: 963-966.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 963-966
    • Palfi, S.1    Conde, F.2    Riche, D.3
  • 5
    • 0034009388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability assessment of intrastriatal neural allografts in five patients with Huntington's disease
    • Bachoud-Levi A, Bourdet C, Brugieres P, et al. Safety and tolerability assessment of intrastriatal neural allografts in five patients with Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2000; 161: 194-202.
    • (2000) Exp Neurol , vol.161 , pp. 194-202
    • Bachoud-Levi, A.1    Bourdet, C.2    Brugieres, P.3
  • 6
    • 0034627143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor and cognitive improvements in patients with Huntington's disease after neural transplantation
    • Bachoud-Levi AC, Remy P, Nguyen JP, et al. Motor and cognitive improvements in patients with Huntington's disease after neural transplantation. Lancet 2000; 356: 1975-1979.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1975-1979
    • Bachoud-Levi, A.C.1    Remy, P.2    Nguyen, J.P.3
  • 7
    • 0037066096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral human fetal striatal transplantation in Huntington's disease
    • Hauser RA, Furtado S, Cimino CR, et al. Bilateral human fetal striatal transplantation in Huntington's disease. Neurology 2002; 58: 687-695.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 687-695
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Furtado, S.2    Cimino, C.R.3
  • 8
    • 0036904801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unilateral transplantation of human primary fetal tissue in four patients with Huntington's disease: NEST-UK safety report ISRCTN no 36485475
    • Rosser AE, Barker RA, Harrower T, et al. Unilateral transplantation of human primary fetal tissue in four patients with Huntington's disease: NEST-UK safety report ISRCTN no 36485475. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73: 678-685.
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.73 , pp. 678-685
    • Rosser, A.E.1    Barker, R.A.2    Harrower, T.3
  • 9
    • 34250379840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural transplantation in Huntington disease: long-term grafts in two patients
    • Keene CD, Sonnen JA, Swanson PD, et al. Neural transplantation in Huntington disease: long-term grafts in two patients. Neurology 2007; 68: 2093-2098.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 2093-2098
    • Keene, C.D.1    Sonnen, J.A.2    Swanson, P.D.3
  • 10
    • 48249145755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term clinical and positron emission tomography outcome of fetal striatal transplantation in Huntington's disease
    • Reuter I, Tai YF, Pavese N, et al. Long-term clinical and positron emission tomography outcome of fetal striatal transplantation in Huntington's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79: 948-951.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 948-951
    • Reuter, I.1    Tai, Y.F.2    Pavese, N.3
  • 11
    • 33644967927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fetal neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease 6 years after surgery: a long-term follow-up study
    • Bachoud-Levi AC, Gaura V, Brugieres P, et al. Effect of fetal neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease 6 years after surgery: a long-term follow-up study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 303-309.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 303-309
    • Bachoud-Levi, A.C.1    Gaura, V.2    Brugieres, P.3
  • 12
    • 33846462480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell transplantation for Huntington's disease
    • Dunnett SB, Rosser AE. Stem cell transplantation for Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2007; 203: 279-292.
    • (2007) Exp Neurol , vol.203 , pp. 279-292
    • Dunnett, S.B.1    Rosser, A.E.2
  • 13
    • 0032491416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts
    • Thomson JA. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998; 282: 1145-1147.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1145-1147
    • Thomson, J.A.1
  • 14
    • 36248966518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors
    • Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007; 131: 861-872.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , pp. 861-872
    • Takahashi, K.1    Tanabe, K.2    Ohnuki, M.3
  • 15
    • 36749043230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells
    • Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 2007; 318: 1917-1920.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1917-1920
    • Yu, J.1    Vodyanik, M.A.2    Smuga-Otto, K.3
  • 16
    • 0029993991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic development of the human embryonic striatal primordium: a study of cultured and grafted neurons from the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences
    • Grasbon-Frodl EM, Nakao N, Lindvall O, Brundin P. Phenotypic development of the human embryonic striatal primordium: a study of cultured and grafted neurons from the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences. Neuroscience 1996; 73: 171-183.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.73 , pp. 171-183
    • Grasbon-Frodl, E.M.1    Nakao, N.2    Lindvall, O.3    Brundin, P.4
  • 17
    • 0030045705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of human striatal DARPP-32 neurons in fetuses and following xenografting to the adult rat brain
    • Naimi S, Jeny R, Hantraye P, Peschanski M, Riche D. Ontogeny of human striatal DARPP-32 neurons in fetuses and following xenografting to the adult rat brain. Exp Neurol 1996; 137: 15-25.
    • (1996) Exp Neurol , vol.137 , pp. 15-25
    • Naimi, S.1    Jeny, R.2    Hantraye, P.3    Peschanski, M.4    Riche, D.5
  • 18
    • 0026603230 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and connectivity of intrastriatal striatal transplants
    • Wictorin K. Anatomy and connectivity of intrastriatal striatal transplants. Prog Neurobiol 1992; 38: 611-639.
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.38 , pp. 611-639
    • Wictorin, K.1
  • 19
    • 0033654946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of fronto-striatal reconstruction by striatal grafts
    • Dunnett SB. Functional analysis of fronto-striatal reconstruction by striatal grafts. Novartis Found Symp 2000; 231: 21-52.
    • (2000) Novartis Found Symp , vol.231 , pp. 21-52
    • Dunnett, S.B.1
  • 20
    • 26244445193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal-striatal disconnection disrupts cognitive performance of the frontal-type in the rat
    • Dunnett SB, Meldrum A, Muir JL. Frontal-striatal disconnection disrupts cognitive performance of the frontal-type in the rat. Neuroscience 2005; 135: 1055-1065.
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.135 , pp. 1055-1065
    • Dunnett, S.B.1    Meldrum, A.2    Muir, J.L.3
  • 21
  • 22
    • 68149168120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease undergo disease-like neuronal degeneration
    • Cicchetti F, Saporta S, Hauser RA, et al. Neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease undergo disease-like neuronal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 12483-12488.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 12483-12488
    • Cicchetti, F.1    Saporta, S.2    Hauser, R.A.3
  • 23
    • 0842277732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal differentiation following transplantation of expanded mouse neurosphere cultures derived from different embryonic forebrain regions
    • Eriksson C, Bjorklund A, Wictorin K. Neuronal differentiation following transplantation of expanded mouse neurosphere cultures derived from different embryonic forebrain regions. Exp Neurol 2003; 184: 615-635.
    • (2003) Exp Neurol , vol.184 , pp. 615-635
    • Eriksson, C.1    Bjorklund, A.2    Wictorin, K.3
  • 24
    • 0033803201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGF infusion stimulates the proliferation and migration of embryonic progenitor cells transplanted in the adult rat striatum
    • Fricker-Gates RA, Winkler C, Kirik D, Rosenblad C, Carpenter MK, Bjorklund A. EGF infusion stimulates the proliferation and migration of embryonic progenitor cells transplanted in the adult rat striatum. Exp Neurol 2000; 165: 237-247.
    • (2000) Exp Neurol , vol.165 , pp. 237-247
    • Fricker-Gates, R.A.1    Winkler, C.2    Kirik, D.3    Rosenblad, C.4    Carpenter, M.K.5    Bjorklund, A.6
  • 25
    • 0029874398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and differentiation of rat and human epidermal growth factor-responsive precursor cells following grafting into the lesioned adult central nervous system
    • Svendsen CN, Clarke DJ, Rosser AE, Dunnett SB. Survival and differentiation of rat and human epidermal growth factor-responsive precursor cells following grafting into the lesioned adult central nervous system. Exp Neurol 1996; 137: 376-388.
    • (1996) Exp Neurol , vol.137 , pp. 376-388
    • Svendsen, C.N.1    Clarke, D.J.2    Rosser, A.E.3    Dunnett, S.B.4
  • 26
    • 30444441063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural progenitor implantation restores metabolic deficits in the brain following striatal quinolinic acid lesion
    • Visnyei K, Tatsukawa KJ, Erickson RI, et al. Neural progenitor implantation restores metabolic deficits in the brain following striatal quinolinic acid lesion. Exp Neurol 2006; 197: 465-474.
    • (2006) Exp Neurol , vol.197 , pp. 465-474
    • Visnyei, K.1    Tatsukawa, K.J.2    Erickson, R.I.3
  • 27
    • 36248957085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal GABAergic transplants attenuate mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain
    • Mukhida K, Mendez I, McLeod M, et al. Spinal GABAergic transplants attenuate mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Stem Cells 2007; 25: 2874-2885.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 2874-2885
    • Mukhida, K.1    Mendez, I.2    McLeod, M.3
  • 28
    • 0033935379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival, neuronal differentiation, and fiber outgrowth of propagated human neural precursor grafts in an animal model of Huntington's disease
    • Armstrong RJ, Watts C, Svendsen CN, Dunnett SB, Rosser AE. Survival, neuronal differentiation, and fiber outgrowth of propagated human neural precursor grafts in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Cell Transplant 2000; 9: 55-64.
    • (2000) Cell Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 55-64
    • Armstrong, R.J.1    Watts, C.2    Svendsen, C.N.3    Dunnett, S.B.4    Rosser, A.E.5
  • 29
    • 84856289446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purmorphamine increases DARPP-32 differentiation in human striatal neural stem cells through the hedgehog pathway
    • [serial Online]; Available At, Accessed September 15, 2011
    • El Akabawy G, Martinez-Medina L, Jeffries AR, Price J, Modo M. Purmorphamine increases DARPP-32 differentiation in human striatal neural stem cells through the hedgehog pathway. Stem Cells Dev [serial online] 2011; Available at: www.liebertonline.com/scd. Accessed September 15, 2011.
    • Stem Cells Dev
    • El Akabawy, G.1    Martinez-Medina, L.2    Jeffries, A.R.3    Price, J.4    Modo, M.5
  • 30
    • 0031909463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenopus Zic-related-1 and Sox-2, two factors induced by chordin, have distinct activities in the initiation of neural induction
    • Mizuseki K, Kishi M, Matsui M, Nakanishi S, Sasai Y. Xenopus Zic-related-1 and Sox-2, two factors induced by chordin, have distinct activities in the initiation of neural induction. Development 1998; 125: 579-587.
    • (1998) Development , vol.125 , pp. 579-587
    • Mizuseki, K.1    Kishi, M.2    Matsui, M.3    Nakanishi, S.4    Sasai, Y.5
  • 31
    • 0030962734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic expression of chicken Sox2 and Sox3 genes in ectoderm induced to form neural tissue
    • Rex M, Orme A, Uwanogho D, et al. Dynamic expression of chicken Sox2 and Sox3 genes in ectoderm induced to form neural tissue. Dev Dyn 1997; 209: 323-332.
    • (1997) Dev Dyn , vol.209 , pp. 323-332
    • Rex, M.1    Orme, A.2    Uwanogho, D.3
  • 32
    • 0344256726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Churchill, a zinc finger transcriptional activator, regulates the transition between gastrulation and neurulation
    • Sheng G, dos Reis M, Stern CD. Churchill, a zinc finger transcriptional activator, regulates the transition between gastrulation and neurulation. Cell 2003; 115: 603-613.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.115 , pp. 603-613
    • Sheng, G.1    dos Reis, M.2    Stern, C.D.3
  • 33
    • 77957664853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pax6 is a human neuroectoderm cell fate determinant
    • Zhang X, Huang CT, Chen J, et al. Pax6 is a human neuroectoderm cell fate determinant. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7: 90-100.
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.7 , pp. 90-100
    • Zhang, X.1    Huang, C.T.2    Chen, J.3
  • 34
    • 0026663463 scopus 로고
    • Telencephalon-restricted expression of BF-1, a new member of the HNF-3/fork head gene family, in the developing rat brain
    • Tao W, Lai E. Telencephalon-restricted expression of BF-1, a new member of the HNF-3/fork head gene family, in the developing rat brain. Neuron 1992; 8: 957-966.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.8 , pp. 957-966
    • Tao, W.1    Lai, E.2
  • 35
    • 0030796030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain
    • Shimamura K, Rubenstein JL. Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain. Development 1997; 124: 2709-2718.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 2709-2718
    • Shimamura, K.1    Rubenstein, J.L.2
  • 36
    • 0037904771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emx1, emx2 and pax6 in specification, regionalization and arealization of the cerebral cortex
    • Muzio L, Mallamaci A. Emx1, emx2 and pax6 in specification, regionalization and arealization of the cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2003; 13: 641-647.
    • (2003) Cereb Cortex , vol.13 , pp. 641-647
    • Muzio, L.1    Mallamaci, A.2
  • 37
    • 0030841362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the homeobox genes Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 disrupt the striatal subventricular zone and differentiation of late born striatal neurons
    • Anderson SA, Qiu M, Bulfone A, et al. Mutations of the homeobox genes Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 disrupt the striatal subventricular zone and differentiation of late born striatal neurons. Neuron 1997; 19: 27-37.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 27-37
    • Anderson, S.A.1    Qiu, M.2    Bulfone, A.3
  • 38
    • 0034537678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gsh2 homeodomain gene controls multiple aspects of telencephalic development
    • Corbin JG, Gaiano N, Machold RP, Langston A, Fishell G. The Gsh2 homeodomain gene controls multiple aspects of telencephalic development. Development 2000; 127: 5007-5020.
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 5007-5020
    • Corbin, J.G.1    Gaiano, N.2    Machold, R.P.3    Langston, A.4    Fishell, G.5
  • 39
    • 0034212359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of Meis and Pbx genes and their protein products in the developing telencephalon: implications for regional differentiation
    • Toresson H, Parmar M, Campbell K. Expression of Meis and Pbx genes and their protein products in the developing telencephalon: implications for regional differentiation. Mech Dev 2000; 94: 183-187.
    • (2000) Mech Dev , vol.94 , pp. 183-187
    • Toresson, H.1    Parmar, M.2    Campbell, K.3
  • 40
    • 17944401056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered forebrain and hindbrain development in mice mutant for the Gsh-2 homeobox gene
    • Szucsik JC, Witte DP, Li H, Pixley SK, Small KM, Potter SS. Altered forebrain and hindbrain development in mice mutant for the Gsh-2 homeobox gene. Dev Biol 1997; 191: 230-242.
    • (1997) Dev Biol , vol.191 , pp. 230-242
    • Szucsik, J.C.1    Witte, D.P.2    Li, H.3    Pixley, S.K.4    Small, K.M.5    Potter, S.S.6
  • 42
    • 0028585837 scopus 로고
    • The lateral ganglionic eminence is the origin of cells committed to striatal phenotypes: neural transplantation and developmental evidence
    • Deacon TW, Pakzaban P, Isacson O. The lateral ganglionic eminence is the origin of cells committed to striatal phenotypes: neural transplantation and developmental evidence. Brain Res 1994; 668: 211-219.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.668 , pp. 211-219
    • Deacon, T.W.1    Pakzaban, P.2    Isacson, O.3
  • 43
    • 0029587472 scopus 로고
    • Regional incorporation and site-specific differentiation of striatal precursors transplanted to the embryonic forebrain ventricle
    • Campbell K, Olsson M, Bjorklund A. Regional incorporation and site-specific differentiation of striatal precursors transplanted to the embryonic forebrain ventricle. Neuron 1995; 15: 1259-1273.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.15 , pp. 1259-1273
    • Campbell, K.1    Olsson, M.2    Bjorklund, A.3
  • 44
    • 0021337614 scopus 로고
    • DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. I. Regional and cellular distribution in the rat brain
    • Walaas SI, Greengard P. DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3': 5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. I. Regional and cellular distribution in the rat brain. J Neurosci 1984; 4: 84-98.
    • (1984) J Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 84-98
    • Walaas, S.I.1    Greengard, P.2
  • 45
    • 0025058578 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of DARPP-32 in the basal ganglia: an electron microscopic study
    • Ouimet CC, Greengard P. Distribution of DARPP-32 in the basal ganglia: an electron microscopic study. J Neurocytol 1990; 19: 39-52.
    • (1990) J Neurocytol , vol.19 , pp. 39-52
    • Ouimet, C.C.1    Greengard, P.2
  • 46
    • 38349029763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ctip2 controls the differentiation of medium spiny neurons and the establishment of the cellular architecture of the striatum
    • Arlotta P, Molyneaux BJ, Jabaudon D, Yoshida Y, Macklis JD. Ctip2 controls the differentiation of medium spiny neurons and the establishment of the cellular architecture of the striatum. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 622-632.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 622-632
    • Arlotta, P.1    Molyneaux, B.J.2    Jabaudon, D.3    Yoshida, Y.4    Macklis, J.D.5
  • 47
    • 0037467540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA and protein in the developing and mature brain
    • Ferland RJ, Cherry TJ, Preware PO, Morrisey EE, Walsh CA. Characterization of Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA and protein in the developing and mature brain. J Comp Neurol 2003; 460: 266-279.
    • (2003) J Comp Neurol , vol.460 , pp. 266-279
    • Ferland, R.J.1    Cherry, T.J.2    Preware, P.O.3    Morrisey, E.E.4    Walsh, C.A.5
  • 48
    • 1242272150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp1 gene expression in projection neurons of the mouse striatum
    • Tamura S, Morikawa Y, Iwanishi H, Hisaoka T, Senba E. Foxp1 gene expression in projection neurons of the mouse striatum. Neuroscience 2004; 124: 261-267.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.124 , pp. 261-267
    • Tamura, S.1    Morikawa, Y.2    Iwanishi, H.3    Hisaoka, T.4    Senba, E.5
  • 49
    • 70349274112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology
    • Rakic P. Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009; 10: 724-735.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 724-735
    • Rakic, P.1
  • 50
    • 0035200623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells
    • Zhang SC, Wernig M, Duncan ID, Brustle O, Thomson JA. In vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19: 1129-1133.
    • (2001) Nat Biotechnol , vol.19 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Zhang, S.C.1    Wernig, M.2    Duncan, I.D.3    Brustle, O.4    Thomson, J.A.5
  • 52
    • 0035203881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural progenitors from human embryonic stem cells
    • Reubinoff BE, Itsykson P, Turetsky T, et al. Neural progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19: 1134-1140.
    • (2001) Nat Biotechnol , vol.19 , pp. 1134-1140
    • Reubinoff, B.E.1    Itsykson, P.2    Turetsky, T.3
  • 53
    • 1842576055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of neural precursor cell populations by differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro
    • Rathjen J, Rathjen PD. Formation of neural precursor cell populations by differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. ScientificWorldJournal 2002; 2: 690-700.
    • (2002) Sci World J , vol.2 , pp. 690-700
    • Rathjen, J.1    Rathjen, P.D.2
  • 54
    • 4344592974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells
    • Perrier AL, Tabar V, Barberi T, et al. Derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 12543-12548.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 12543-12548
    • Perrier, A.L.1    Tabar, V.2    Barberi, T.3
  • 55
    • 0036134398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective neural induction from ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity and its potential therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease
    • Kawasaki H, Mizuseki K, Sasai Y. Selective neural induction from ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity and its potential therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease. Methods Mol Biol 2002; 185: 217-227.
    • (2002) Methods Mol Biol , vol.185 , pp. 217-227
    • Kawasaki, H.1    Mizuseki, K.2    Sasai, Y.3
  • 56
    • 0037022299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of dopaminergic neurons and pigmented epithelia from primate ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity
    • Kawasaki H, Suemori H, Mizuseki K, et al. Generation of dopaminergic neurons and pigmented epithelia from primate ES cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 1580-1585.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 1580-1585
    • Kawasaki, H.1    Suemori, H.2    Mizuseki, K.3
  • 57
    • 0036468415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parthenogenetic stem cells in nonhuman primates
    • Cibelli JB, Grant KA, Chapman KB, et al. Parthenogenetic stem cells in nonhuman primates. Science 2002; 295: 819.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 819
    • Cibelli, J.B.1    Grant, K.A.2    Chapman, K.B.3
  • 58
    • 0037313844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of embryonic stem cells into neuroectodermal precursors in adherent monoculture
    • Ying QL, Stavridis M, Griffiths D, Li M, Smith A. Conversion of embryonic stem cells into neuroectodermal precursors in adherent monoculture. Nat Biotechnol 2003; 21: 183-186.
    • (2003) Nat Biotechnol , vol.21 , pp. 183-186
    • Ying, Q.L.1    Stavridis, M.2    Griffiths, D.3    Li, M.4    Smith, A.5
  • 59
    • 34547858511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed Differentiation And Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Motoneurons
    • Lee H, Al Shamy G, Elkabetz Y, et al. Directed Differentiation And Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Motoneurons. Stem Cells 2007; 25: 1931-1939.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 1931-1939
    • Lee, H.1    Al Shamy, G.2    Elkabetz, Y.3
  • 60
    • 33846904764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced yield of neuroepithelial precursors and midbrain-like dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells using the bone morphogenic protein antagonist noggin
    • Sonntag KC, Pruszak J, Yoshizaki T, van Arensbergen J, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Isacson O. Enhanced yield of neuroepithelial precursors and midbrain-like dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells using the bone morphogenic protein antagonist noggin. Stem Cells 2007; 25: 411-418.
    • (2007) Stem Cells , vol.25 , pp. 411-418
    • Sonntag, K.C.1    Pruszak, J.2    Yoshizaki, T.3    van Arensbergen, J.4    Sanchez-Pernaute, R.5    Isacson, O.6
  • 61
    • 38349062515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human ES cell-derived neural rosettes reveal a functionally distinct early neural stem cell stage
    • Elkabetz Y, Panagiotakos G, Al Shamy G, Socci ND, Tabar V, Studer L. Human ES cell-derived neural rosettes reveal a functionally distinct early neural stem cell stage. Genes Dev 2008; 22: 152-165.
    • (2008) Genes Dev , vol.22 , pp. 152-165
    • Elkabetz, Y.1    Panagiotakos, G.2    Al Shamy, G.3    Socci, N.D.4    Tabar, V.5    Studer, L.6
  • 64
    • 0029867290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro as a novel source of cells for transplantation
    • Dinsmore J, Ratliff J, Deacon T, et al. Embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro as a novel source of cells for transplantation. Cell Transplant 1996; 5: 131-143.
    • (1996) Cell Transplant , vol.5 , pp. 131-143
    • Dinsmore, J.1    Ratliff, J.2    Deacon, T.3
  • 65
    • 14544296563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed differentiation of telencephalic precursors from embryonic stem cells
    • Watanabe K, Kamiya D, Nishiyama A, et al. Directed differentiation of telencephalic precursors from embryonic stem cells. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8: 288-296.
    • (2005) Nat Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 288-296
    • Watanabe, K.1    Kamiya, D.2    Nishiyama, A.3
  • 66
    • 34250206996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells
    • Watanabe K, Ueno M, Kamiya D, et al. A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2007; 25: 681-686.
    • (2007) Nat Biotechnol , vol.25 , pp. 681-686
    • Watanabe, K.1    Ueno, M.2    Kamiya, D.3
  • 67
    • 79551551522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subregional specification of embryonic stem cell-derived ventral telencephalic tissues by timed and combinatory treatment with extrinsic signals
    • Danjo T, Eiraku M, Muguruma K, et al. Subregional specification of embryonic stem cell-derived ventral telencephalic tissues by timed and combinatory treatment with extrinsic signals. J Neurosci 2011; 31: 1919-1933.
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 1919-1933
    • Danjo, T.1    Eiraku, M.2    Muguruma, K.3
  • 68
    • 34547489963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor transplants attenuate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral quinolinic acid lesions
    • Song J, Lee ST, Kang W, et al. Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor transplants attenuate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral quinolinic acid lesions. Neurosci Lett 2007; 423: 58-61.
    • (2007) Neurosci Lett , vol.423 , pp. 58-61
    • Song, J.1    Lee, S.T.2    Kang, W.3
  • 69
    • 33750039629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted dopamine neurons derived from primate ES cells preferentially innervate DARPP-32 striatal progenitors within the graft
    • Ferrari D, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Lee H, Studer L, Isacson O. Transplanted dopamine neurons derived from primate ES cells preferentially innervate DARPP-32 striatal progenitors within the graft. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24: 1885-1896.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 1885-1896
    • Ferrari, D.1    Sanchez-Pernaute, R.2    Lee, H.3    Studer, L.4    Isacson, O.5
  • 70
    • 55949130712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal progenitors derived from human ES cells mature into DARPP32 neurons in vitro and in quinolinic acid-lesioned rats
    • Aubry L, Bugi A, Lefort N, Rousseau F, Peschanski M, Perrier AL. Striatal progenitors derived from human ES cells mature into DARPP32 neurons in vitro and in quinolinic acid-lesioned rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 16707-16712.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 16707-16712
    • Aubry, L.1    Bugi, A.2    Lefort, N.3    Rousseau, F.4    Peschanski, M.5    Perrier, A.L.6
  • 71
    • 70450159769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination of sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling determines ventral and dorsal telencephalic neuron types from human embryonic stem cells
    • Li XJ, Zhang X, Johnson MA, Wang ZB, Lavaute T, Zhang SC. Coordination of sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling determines ventral and dorsal telencephalic neuron types from human embryonic stem cells. Development 2009; 136: 4055-4063.
    • (2009) Development , vol.136 , pp. 4055-4063
    • Li, X.J.1    Zhang, X.2    Johnson, M.A.3    Wang, Z.B.4    Lavaute, T.5    Zhang, S.C.6
  • 72
    • 70350228799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term, stable differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors grafted into the adult mammalian neostriatum
    • Nasonkin I, Mahairaki V, Xu L, et al. Long-term, stable differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors grafted into the adult mammalian neostriatum. Stem Cells 2009; 27: 2414-2426.
    • (2009) Stem Cells , vol.27 , pp. 2414-2426
    • Nasonkin, I.1    Mahairaki, V.2    Xu, L.3
  • 73
    • 78650956995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical factors that influence neural transplant safety in Huntington's disease
    • Freeman TB, Cicchetti F, Bachoud-Levi AC, Dunnett SB. Technical factors that influence neural transplant safety in Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2011; 227: 1-9.
    • (2011) Exp Neurol , vol.227 , pp. 1-9
    • Freeman, T.B.1    Cicchetti, F.2    Bachoud-Levi, A.C.3    Dunnett, S.B.4
  • 74
    • 0028884523 scopus 로고
    • Projection neurons in fetal striatal transplants are predominantly derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence
    • Olsson M, Campbell K, Wictorin K, Bjorklund A. Projection neurons in fetal striatal transplants are predominantly derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence. Neuroscience 1995; 69: 1169-1182.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.69 , pp. 1169-1182
    • Olsson, M.1    Campbell, K.2    Wictorin, K.3    Bjorklund, A.4
  • 75
    • 0027724863 scopus 로고
    • Increased proportion of acetylcholinesterase-rich zones and improved morphological integration in host striatum of fetal grafts derived from the lateral but not the medial ganglionic eminence
    • Pakzaban P, Deacon TW, Burns LH, Isacson O. Increased proportion of acetylcholinesterase-rich zones and improved morphological integration in host striatum of fetal grafts derived from the lateral but not the medial ganglionic eminence. Exp Brain Res 1993; 97: 13-22.
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.97 , pp. 13-22
    • Pakzaban, P.1    Deacon, T.W.2    Burns, L.H.3    Isacson, O.4
  • 76
    • 12944288307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted fetal striatum in Huntington's disease: phenotypic development and lack of pathology
    • Freeman TB, Cicchetti F, Hauser RA, et al. Transplanted fetal striatum in Huntington's disease: phenotypic development and lack of pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 13877-13882.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 13877-13882
    • Freeman, T.B.1    Cicchetti, F.2    Hauser, R.A.3
  • 77
    • 0030932167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental features of human striatal tissue transplanted in a rat model of Huntington's disease
    • Grasbon-Frodl EM, Nakao N, Lindvall O, Brundin P. Developmental features of human striatal tissue transplanted in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 1997; 3: 299-311.
    • (1997) Neurobiol Dis , vol.3 , pp. 299-311
    • Grasbon-Frodl, E.M.1    Nakao, N.2    Lindvall, O.3    Brundin, P.4
  • 78
    • 0031656675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal cyst formation after fetal mesencephalic allograft transplant for Parkinson's disease
    • Mamelak AN, Eggerding FA, Oh DS, et al. Fatal cyst formation after fetal mesencephalic allograft transplant for Parkinson's disease. J Neurosurg 1998; 89: 592-598.
    • (1998) J Neurosurg , vol.89 , pp. 592-598
    • Mamelak, A.N.1    Eggerding, F.A.2    Oh, D.S.3
  • 80
    • 0029895301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and proliferation of nonneural tissues, with obstruction of cerebral ventricles, in a parkinsonian patient treated with fetal allografts
    • Folkerth RD, Durso R. Survival and proliferation of nonneural tissues, with obstruction of cerebral ventricles, in a parkinsonian patient treated with fetal allografts. Neurology 1996; 46: 1219-1225.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Folkerth, R.D.1    Durso, R.2
  • 81
    • 0034064954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic donor age and dissection influences striatal graft development and functional integration in a rodent model of Huntington's disease
    • Watts C, Brasted PJ, Dunnett SB. Embryonic donor age and dissection influences striatal graft development and functional integration in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2000; 163: 85-97.
    • (2000) Exp Neurol , vol.163 , pp. 85-97
    • Watts, C.1    Brasted, P.J.2    Dunnett, S.B.3
  • 82
    • 0024511225 scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral xenografts of dopamine neurons: the role of immunosuppression and the blood-brain barrier
    • Brundin P, Widner H, Nilsson OG, Strecker RE, Bjorklund A. Intracerebral xenografts of dopamine neurons: the role of immunosuppression and the blood-brain barrier. Exp Brain Res 1989; 75: 195-207.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.75 , pp. 195-207
    • Brundin, P.1    Widner, H.2    Nilsson, O.G.3    Strecker, R.E.4    Bjorklund, A.5
  • 83
    • 0023123069 scopus 로고
    • Neocortical transplants in the mammalian brain lack a blood-brain barrier to macromolecules
    • Rosenstein JM. Neocortical transplants in the mammalian brain lack a blood-brain barrier to macromolecules. Science 1987; 235: 772-774.
    • (1987) Science , vol.235 , pp. 772-774
    • Rosenstein, J.M.1
  • 84
    • 35848930381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation of six clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell lines
    • Crook JM, Peura TT, Kravets L, et al. The generation of six clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell lines. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1: 490-494.
    • (2007) Cell Stem Cell , vol.1 , pp. 490-494
    • Crook, J.M.1    Peura, T.T.2    Kravets, L.3
  • 85
    • 24644506123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of human embryonic stem cells in defined serum-free medium devoid of animal-derived products
    • Li Y, Powell S, Brunette E, Lebkowski J, Mandalam R. Expansion of human embryonic stem cells in defined serum-free medium devoid of animal-derived products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91: 688-698.
    • (2005) Biotechnol Bioeng , vol.91 , pp. 688-698
    • Li, Y.1    Powell, S.2    Brunette, E.3    Lebkowski, J.4    Mandalam, R.5
  • 86
    • 77952096520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation and maintenance of human embryonic stem cell line on human adult skin fibroblast feeder cells in serum replacement medium
    • Tecirlioglu RT, Nguyen L, Koh K, Trounson AO, Michalska AE. Derivation and maintenance of human embryonic stem cell line on human adult skin fibroblast feeder cells in serum replacement medium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 46: 231-235.
    • Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim , vol.46 , pp. 231-235
    • Tecirlioglu, R.T.1    Nguyen, L.2    Koh, K.3    Trounson, A.O.4    Michalska, A.E.5
  • 87
    • 0036714330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells
    • Richards M, Fong CY, Chan WK, Wong PC, Bongso A. Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20: 933-936.
    • (2002) Nat Biotechnol , vol.20 , pp. 933-936
    • Richards, M.1    Fong, C.Y.2    Chan, W.K.3    Wong, P.C.4    Bongso, A.5
  • 88
    • 33751011613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic human fetal fibroblasts as feeder layer for human embryonic stem cell lineage selection
    • Sidhu KS, Lie KH, Tuch BE. Transgenic human fetal fibroblasts as feeder layer for human embryonic stem cell lineage selection. Stem Cells Dev 2006; 15: 741-747.
    • (2006) Stem Cells Dev , vol.15 , pp. 741-747
    • Sidhu, K.S.1    Lie, K.H.2    Tuch, B.E.3
  • 89
    • 33748309178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of 'feeder' cells for the preparation of clinical grade hES cell lines: challenges and solutions
    • Stacey GN, Cobo F, Nieto A, Talavera P, Healy L, Concha A. The development of 'feeder' cells for the preparation of clinical grade hES cell lines: challenges and solutions. J Biotechnol 2006; 125: 583-588.
    • (2006) J Biotechnol , vol.125 , pp. 583-588
    • Stacey, G.N.1    Cobo, F.2    Nieto, A.3    Talavera, P.4    Healy, L.5    Concha, A.6
  • 90
    • 79251581252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An optimized small molecule inhibitor cocktail supports long-term maintenance of human embryonic stem cells
    • [serial online] 2010; 2: 167. Available at, Accessed September 15, 2011
    • Tsutsui H, Valamehr B, Hindoyan A, et al. An optimized small molecule inhibitor cocktail supports long-term maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun [serial online] 2010; 2: 167. Available at: www.nature.com/ncomms. Accessed September 15, 2011.
    • Nat Commun
    • Tsutsui, H.1    Valamehr, B.2    Hindoyan, A.3
  • 92
    • 55849115999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration
    • Stadtfeld M, Nagaya M, Utikal J, Weir G, Hochedlinger K. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration. Science 2008; 322: 945-949.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 945-949
    • Stadtfeld, M.1    Nagaya, M.2    Utikal, J.3    Weir, G.4    Hochedlinger, K.5
  • 93
    • 66049135249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins
    • Zhou H, Wu S, Joo JY, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4: 381-384.
    • (2009) Cell Stem Cell , vol.4 , pp. 381-384
    • Zhou, H.1    Wu, S.2    Joo, J.Y.3
  • 94
    • 55849117368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors
    • Okita K, Nakagawa M, Hyenjong H, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors. Science 2008; 322: 949-953.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 949-953
    • Okita, K.1    Nakagawa, M.2    Hyenjong, H.3    Ichisaka, T.4    Yamanaka, S.5
  • 95
    • 66049143859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins
    • Kim D, Kim CH, Moon JI, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 4: 472-476.
    • (2009) Cell Stem Cell , vol.4 , pp. 472-476
    • Kim, D.1    Kim, C.H.2    Moon, J.I.3
  • 96
    • 77958536106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA
    • Warren L, Manos PD, Ahfeldt T, et al. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7: 618-630.
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.7 , pp. 618-630
    • Warren, L.1    Manos, P.D.2    Ahfeldt, T.3
  • 97
    • 18444373622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune problems in central nervous system cell therapy
    • Barker RA, Widner H. Immune problems in central nervous system cell therapy. NeuroRx 2004; 1: 472-481.
    • (2004) NeuroRx , vol.1 , pp. 472-481
    • Barker, R.A.1    Widner, H.2
  • 98
    • 68249112361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neuroinflammatory profile in post-mortem human Huntington's disease
    • Silvestroni A, Faull RL, Strand AD, Moller T. Distinct neuroinflammatory profile in post-mortem human Huntington's disease. Neuroreport 2009; 20: 1098-1103.
    • (2009) Neuroreport , vol.20 , pp. 1098-1103
    • Silvestroni, A.1    Faull, R.L.2    Strand, A.D.3    Moller, T.4
  • 99
    • 0027977759 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's disease
    • Lindvall O, Sawle G, Widner H, et al. Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1994; 35: 172-180.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 172-180
    • Lindvall, O.1    Sawle, G.2    Widner, H.3
  • 100
    • 0026458624 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
    • Widner H, Tetrud J, Rehncrona S, et al. Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1556-1563.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1556-1563
    • Widner, H.1    Tetrud, J.2    Rehncrona, S.3
  • 101
    • 0035826089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease
    • Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 710-719.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 710-719
    • Freed, C.R.1    Greene, P.E.2    Breeze, R.E.3
  • 102
    • 0029932534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of unilaterally transplanted parkinsonian patients. I. Clinical approach
    • Defer GL, Geny C, Ricolfi F, et al. Long-term outcome of unilaterally transplanted parkinsonian patients. I. Clinical approach. Brain 1996; 119(pt 1): 41-50.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , Issue.pt 1 , pp. 41-50
    • Defer, G.L.1    Geny, C.2    Ricolfi, F.3
  • 103
    • 0042837887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH, et al. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2003; 54: 403-414.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 403-414
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Kordower, J.H.3
  • 104
    • 0029160456 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral fetal nigral transplantation into the postcommissural putamen in Parkinson's disease
    • Freeman TB, Olanow CW, Hauser RA, et al. Bilateral fetal nigral transplantation into the postcommissural putamen in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 379-388.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 379-388
    • Freeman, T.B.1    Olanow, C.W.2    Hauser, R.A.3
  • 105
    • 64449085619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological findings on fetal striatal grafts in a Huntington's disease patient early after transplantation
    • Capetian P, Knoth R, Maciaczyk J, et al. Histological findings on fetal striatal grafts in a Huntington's disease patient early after transplantation. Neuroscience 2009; 160: 661-675 d.
    • (2009) Neuroscience , vol.160
    • Capetian, P.1    Knoth, R.2    Maciaczyk, J.3
  • 106
    • 51349164759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human fetal striatal transplantation in huntington's disease: a refinement of the stereotactic procedure
    • Gallina P, Paganini M, Di Rita A, et al. Human fetal striatal transplantation in huntington's disease: a refinement of the stereotactic procedure. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2008; 86: 308-313.
    • (2008) Stereotact Funct Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 308-313
    • Gallina, P.1    Paganini, M.2    Di Rita, A.3
  • 107
    • 55249107197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alloimmunisation to donor antigens and immune rejection following foetal neural grafts to the brain in patients with Huntington's disease
    • Krystkowiak P, Gaura V, Labalette M, et al. Alloimmunisation to donor antigens and immune rejection following foetal neural grafts to the brain in patients with Huntington's disease. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: e166.
    • (2007) PLoS ONE , vol.2
    • Krystkowiak, P.1    Gaura, V.2    Labalette, M.3
  • 108
    • 34447636065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation in presymptomatic Huntington's disease gene carriers
    • Tai YF, Pavese N, Gerhard A, et al. Microglial activation in presymptomatic Huntington's disease gene carriers. Brain 2007; 130: 1759-1766.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 1759-1766
    • Tai, Y.F.1    Pavese, N.2    Gerhard, A.3
  • 109
    • 73049110382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical dopamine dysfunction in symptomatic and premanifest Huntington's disease gene carriers
    • Pavese N, Politis M, Tai YF, et al. Cortical dopamine dysfunction in symptomatic and premanifest Huntington's disease gene carriers. Neurobiol Dis 37: 356-361.
    • Neurobiol Dis , vol.37 , pp. 356-361
    • Pavese, N.1    Politis, M.2    Tai, Y.F.3
  • 110
    • 0025170905 scopus 로고
    • Practical aspects of the use of human fetal brain tissue for intracerebral grafting
    • Brundin P, Bjorklund A, Lindvall O. Practical aspects of the use of human fetal brain tissue for intracerebral grafting. Prog Brain Res 1990; 82: 707-714.
    • (1990) Prog Brain Res , vol.82 , pp. 707-714
    • Brundin, P.1    Bjorklund, A.2    Lindvall, O.3
  • 111
    • 0031106244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic transplants in patients with Parkinson's disease: neuroanatomical correlates of clinical recovery
    • Kordower JH, Goetz CG, Freeman TB, Olanow CW. Dopaminergic transplants in patients with Parkinson's disease: neuroanatomical correlates of clinical recovery. Exp Neurol 1997; 144: 41-46.
    • (1997) Exp Neurol , vol.144 , pp. 41-46
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Goetz, C.G.2    Freeman, T.B.3    Olanow, C.W.4
  • 112
    • 33747195353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors
    • Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006; 126: 663-676.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 663-676
    • Takahashi, K.1    Yamanaka, S.2
  • 113
    • 13844267152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid
    • Martin MJ, Muotri A, Gage F, Varki A. Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid. Nat Med 2005; 11: 228-232.
    • (2005) Nat Med , vol.11 , pp. 228-232
    • Martin, M.J.1    Muotri, A.2    Gage, F.3    Varki, A.4
  • 114
    • 78149289914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate promotes epigenetic activation of CD30 in human embryonic stem cells
    • Chung TL, Turner JP, Thaker NY, et al. Ascorbate promotes epigenetic activation of CD30 in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2010; 28: 1782-1793.
    • (2010) Stem Cells , vol.28 , pp. 1782-1793
    • Chung, T.L.1    Turner, J.P.2    Thaker, N.Y.3
  • 115
    • 77956190213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term culture of human embryonic stem cells on recombinant vitronectin in ascorbate free media
    • Prowse AB, Doran MR, Cooper-White JJ, et al. Long term culture of human embryonic stem cells on recombinant vitronectin in ascorbate free media. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 8281-8288.
    • (2010) Biomaterials , vol.31 , pp. 8281-8288
    • Prowse, A.B.1    Doran, M.R.2    Cooper-White, J.J.3
  • 116
    • 0348103716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent gain of chromosomes 17q and 12 in cultured human embryonic stem cells
    • Draper JS, Smith K, Gokhale P, et al. Recurrent gain of chromosomes 17q and 12 in cultured human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2004; 22: 53-54.
    • (2004) Nat Biotechnol , vol.22 , pp. 53-54
    • Draper, J.S.1    Smith, K.2    Gokhale, P.3
  • 117
    • 57449118907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cells reveal recurrent genomic instability at 20q11.21
    • Lefort N, Feyeux M, Bas C, et al. Human embryonic stem cells reveal recurrent genomic instability at 20q11. 21. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26: 1364-1366.
    • (2008) Nat Biotechnol , vol.26 , pp. 1364-1366
    • Lefort, N.1    Feyeux, M.2    Bas, C.3
  • 118
    • 57449090630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in human embryonic stem cells
    • Spits C, Mateizel I, Geens M, et al. Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities in human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26: 1361-1363.
    • (2008) Nat Biotechnol , vol.26 , pp. 1361-1363
    • Spits, C.1    Mateizel, I.2    Geens, M.3
  • 119
    • 77955449906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells
    • Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, et al. Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2010; 467: 285-290.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 285-290
    • Kim, K.1    Doi, A.2    Wen, B.3
  • 120
    • 43249114934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease
    • Kordower JH, Chu Y, Hauser RA, Freeman TB, Olanow CW. Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease. Nat Med 2008; 14: 504-506.
    • (2008) Nat Med , vol.14 , pp. 504-506
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Chu, Y.2    Hauser, R.A.3    Freeman, T.B.4    Olanow, C.W.5
  • 121
    • 43249110200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation
    • Li JY, Englund E, Holton JL, et al. Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation. Nat Med 2008; 14: 501-503.
    • (2008) Nat Med , vol.14 , pp. 501-503
    • Li, J.Y.1    Englund, E.2    Holton, J.L.3
  • 122
    • 28844487530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Banking on human embryonic stem cells: estimating the number of donor cell lines needed for HLA matching
    • Taylor CJ, Bolton EM, Pocock S, Sharples LD, Pedersen RA, Bradley JA. Banking on human embryonic stem cells: estimating the number of donor cell lines needed for HLA matching. Lancet 2005; 366: 2019-2025.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 2019-2025
    • Taylor, C.J.1    Bolton, E.M.2    Pocock, S.3    Sharples, L.D.4    Pedersen, R.A.5    Bradley, J.A.6
  • 123
    • 67650377709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells are targeted by allogeneic T and natural killer cells
    • Preynat-Seauve O, de Rham C, Tirefort D, Ferrari-Lacraz S, Krause KH, Villard J. Neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells are targeted by allogeneic T and natural killer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13: 3556-3569.
    • (2009) J Cell Mol Med , vol.13 , pp. 3556-3569
    • Preynat-Seauve, O.1    de Rham, C.2    Tirefort, D.3    Ferrari-Lacraz, S.4    Krause, K.H.5    Villard, J.6
  • 124
    • 0034065380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons: a review over current approaches
    • Brundin P, Karlsson J, Emgard M, et al. Improving the survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons: a review over current approaches. Cell Transplant 2000; 9: 179-195.
    • (2000) Cell Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 179-195
    • Brundin, P.1    Karlsson, J.2    Emgard, M.3
  • 125
    • 8944230650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional fetal nigral grafts in a patient with Parkinson's disease: chemoanatomic, ultrastructural, and metabolic studies
    • Kordower JH, Rosenstein JM, Collier TJ, et al. Functional fetal nigral grafts in a patient with Parkinson's disease: chemoanatomic, ultrastructural, and metabolic studies. J Comp Neurol 1996; 370: 203-230.
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.370 , pp. 203-230
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Rosenstein, J.M.2    Collier, T.J.3
  • 126
    • 77649338570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human striatal neuroblasts develop and build a striatal-like structure into the brain of Huntington's disease patients after transplantation
    • Gallina P, Paganini M, Lombardini L, et al. Human striatal neuroblasts develop and build a striatal-like structure into the brain of Huntington's disease patients after transplantation. Exp Neurol 2010; 222: 30-41.
    • (2010) Exp Neurol , vol.222 , pp. 30-41
    • Gallina, P.1    Paganini, M.2    Lombardini, L.3
  • 127
    • 0028289365 scopus 로고
    • Low-pressure aspiration abortion for obtaining embryonic and early gestational fetal tissue for research purposes
    • Nauert GM, Freeman TB. Low-pressure aspiration abortion for obtaining embryonic and early gestational fetal tissue for research purposes. Cell Transplant 1994; 3: 147-151.
    • (1994) Cell Transplant , vol.3 , pp. 147-151
    • Nauert, G.M.1    Freeman, T.B.2
  • 128
    • 61349185067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A patient with Huntington's disease and long-surviving fetal neural transplants that developed mass lesions
    • Keene CD, Chang RC, Leverenz JB, et al. A patient with Huntington's disease and long-surviving fetal neural transplants that developed mass lesions. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 117: 329-338.
    • (2009) Acta Neuropathol , vol.117 , pp. 329-338
    • Keene, C.D.1    Chang, R.C.2    Leverenz, J.B.3
  • 129
    • 74049146111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The postischemic environment differentially impacts teratoma or tumor formation after transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors
    • Seminatore C, Polentes J, Ellman D, et al. The postischemic environment differentially impacts teratoma or tumor formation after transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors. Stroke 2010; 41: 153-159.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 153-159
    • Seminatore, C.1    Polentes, J.2    Ellman, D.3
  • 130
    • 0025444099 scopus 로고
    • Lymphoma regression induced by ganciclovir in mice bearing a herpes thymidine kinase transgene
    • Moolten FL, Wells JM, Heyman RA, Evans RM. Lymphoma regression induced by ganciclovir in mice bearing a herpes thymidine kinase transgene. Hum Gene Ther 1990; 1: 125-134.
    • (1990) Hum Gene Ther , vol.1 , pp. 125-134
    • Moolten, F.L.1    Wells, J.M.2    Heyman, R.A.3    Evans, R.M.4
  • 131
    • 2442767029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase I/II study of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase "suicide" gene therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Study Group on Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma
    • Klatzmann D, Valery CA, Bensimon G, et al. A phase I/II study of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase "suicide" gene therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Study Group on Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 9: 2595-2604.
    • (1998) Hum Gene Ther , vol.9 , pp. 2595-2604
    • Klatzmann, D.1    Valery, C.A.2    Bensimon, G.3
  • 132
    • 60149083711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of human embryonic stem cells with features of neoplastic progression
    • Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Bosse M, Stewart M, et al. Characterization of human embryonic stem cells with features of neoplastic progression. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27: 91-97.
    • (2009) Nat Biotechnol , vol.27 , pp. 91-97
    • Werbowetski-Ogilvie, T.E.1    Bosse, M.2    Stewart, M.3
  • 133
    • 78650971216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic changes in the copy number of pluripotency and cell proliferation genes in human ESCs and iPSCs during reprogramming and time in culture
    • Laurent LC, Ulitsky I, Slavin I, et al. Dynamic changes in the copy number of pluripotency and cell proliferation genes in human ESCs and iPSCs during reprogramming and time in culture. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 8: 106-118.
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.8 , pp. 106-118
    • Laurent, L.C.1    Ulitsky, I.2    Slavin, I.3
  • 134
    • 70449562730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome 7 and 19 trisomy in cultured human neural progenitor cells
    • Sareen D, McMillan E, Ebert AD, et al. Chromosome 7 and 19 trisomy in cultured human neural progenitor cells. PLoS One 2009; 4: e7630.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Sareen, D.1    McMillan, E.2    Ebert, A.D.3
  • 135
    • 79961011472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term Cultured Human Neural Stem Cells Undergo Spontaneous Transformation to Tumor-Initiating Cells
    • Wu W, He Q, Li X, et al. Long-term Cultured Human Neural Stem Cells Undergo Spontaneous Transformation to Tumor-Initiating Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7: 892-901.
    • (2011) Int J Biol Sci , vol.7 , pp. 892-901
    • Wu, W.1    He, Q.2    Li, X.3
  • 136
    • 0033553662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of hippocampal morphogenesis and neuronal differentiation by the LIM homeobox gene Lhx5
    • Zhao Y, Sheng HZ, Amini R, et al. Control of hippocampal morphogenesis and neuronal differentiation by the LIM homeobox gene Lhx5. Science 1999; 284: 1155-1158.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1155-1158
    • Zhao, Y.1    Sheng, H.Z.2    Amini, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.