In situ sensor techniques in modern bioprocess monitoring

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 91, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1493-1505

  Beutel, Sascha ^a   Henkel, Steffen ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITY HANNOVER   (Germany)

Author keywords

In situ sensor; Noninvasive measurement; Online monitoring

Indexed keywords

BIOPROCESS MONITORING; BIOREACTOR SYSTEM; DIRECT USE; ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS; IN-SITU; MULTI-ANALYTES; NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENTS; ONLINE MONITORING; OPTICAL TECHNIQUE; OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY; REACTOR CONCEPTS; REACTOR SYSTEMS; REPRODUCIBLE PRODUCTION; ROBUST SENSING; SAMPLING VOLUME; SCREENING SYSTEM; SENSING PRINCIPLE; SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES; SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD;

BIOREACTORS; MONITORING; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

SENSORS;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

BIOREACTOR; CONTROL SYSTEM; FERMENTATION; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; MICROSCOPY; REAL TIME; SAMPLING; SENSOR; VOLUME;

BIOPROCESS; BIOREACTOR; CHEMICAL FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR; FERMENTATION; FIBER OPTICS; FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR; FLUOROMETRY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; OPTICAL DENSITY; OPTICS; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; REVIEW; SENSOR; SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

BIOREACTORS; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; FERMENTATION; INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 80052610035     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: 14320614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3470-5     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. KD Anders G Wehnert O Thordsen T Scheper B Rehr H Sahm 1993 Biotechnological applications of fiber-optic sensing-multiple uses of a fiber-optic fluorometer Sens Actuators B Chem 11 395 403 10.1016/0925-4005(93) 85279-J
2. F Anton A Burzlaff C Kasper T Brückerhoff T Scheper 2007 Preliminary study towards the use of in-situ microscopy for the online analysis of microcarrier cultivations Eng Life Sci 7 91 96 10.1002/elsc.200620172 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXit1altr8%3D (Pubitemid 46290982)
3. SA Arnold R Gaensakoo LM Harvey B McNeil 2002 The use of at-line and in-situ near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor biomass in an industrial fed-batch Escherichia coli process Biotechnol Bioeng 80 405 413 10.1002/bit.10383 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFSjsLc%3D (Pubitemid 35230934)
4. T Becker B Hitzmann K Muffler R Pörtner KF Reardon F Stahl R Ulber 2007 Future aspects of bioprocess monitoring Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 150 249 293 10.1007/10-2006-036 (Pubitemid 46202672)
5. SEJ Bell ESO Bourguignon A O'Grady J Villaumie AC Dennis 2002 Extracting Raman spectra from highly fluorescent samples with "Scissors" (SSRS, shifted-substracted Raman spectroscopy) Spectrosc Eur 14 17 20 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotFaqtw%3D%3D
6. P Bergveld 1970 Development of an ion-sensitive solid-state device for neurophysiological measurements IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 19 70 71 10.1109/TBME.1970.4502688
7. S Beutel K Klein G Knobbe P Königfeld K Petersen R Ulber T Scheper 2002 Controlled enzymatic removal of damaging casein layers on medieval wall-paintings Biotechnol Bioeng 80 13 21 10.1002/bit.10341 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XntlCru7s%3D
8. C Bittner G Wehnert T Scheper 1998 In situ microscopy for on-line determination of biomass Biotechnol Bioeng 60 24 35 10.1002/(SICI)1097- 0290(19981005)60:1<24::AID-BIT3>3.0.CO;2-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXls1Ghtbk%3D (Pubitemid 28410918)
9. A Bluma T Höpfner G Rudolph P Lindner S Beutel B Hitzmann T Scheper 2009 Adaptation of in-situ microscopy for crystallization processes J Cryst Growth 311 4193 4198 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.06.057 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXpvF2qsrw%3D
10. A Bluma T Höpfner P Lindner C Rehbock S Beutel D Riechers B Hitzmann T Scheper 2010 In-situ imaging sensors for bioprocess monitoring: state of the art Anal Bional Chem 398 2429 2438 10.1007/s00216-010-4181-y 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFCltrrJ
11. A Bluma T Höpfner A Prediger A Glindkamp S Beutel T Scheper 2011 Process analytical sensors and image-based techniques for single-use bioreactors Eng. Life Sci. 11 4 1 4
12. C Bohnke H Duroy JL Fourquet 2003 pH sensors with lithium lanthanum titanate sensitive material: applications in food industry Sens Actuators B Chem 89 240 247 10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00473-2
13. JE Boyd A Briskman VL Colvin DM Mittleman 2001 Direct observation of terahertz surface modes in nanometer-sized liquid water pools Phys Rev Lett 87 14701 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.147401 (Pubitemid 32962161)
14. 2O Microbiol 145 3389 3397 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis1Kruw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30018783)
15. C Cannizzaro M Rhiel I Marison U von Stockar 2003 On-line monitoring of Phaffia rhodozyma fed-batch process with in situ dispersive Raman spectroscopy Biotechnol Bioeng 83 668 680 10.1002/bit.10698 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmtlygurs%3D (Pubitemid 36998966)
16. C Cannizzaro R Gügerli I Marison U von Stockar 2003 On-line biomass monitoring of CHO perfusion culture with scanning dielectric spectroscopy Biotechnol Bioeng 84 597 610 10.1002/bit.10809 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovFWmsrg%3D (Pubitemid 37356382)
17. CD Castro AP Koretsky MM Domach 1999 Performance trade-offs in in situ Chemostat NMR Biotechnol Prog 15 185 195 10.1021/bp9900099 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXhsVarsrY%3D (Pubitemid 29174934)
18. AE Cervera N Petersen AE Lantz A Larsen KV Gernaey 2009 Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring and control of cell culture and fermentation Biotechnol Prog 25 1561 1581 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnslGn
19. JY Chen AG Markelz 2003 Towards biosensing with terahertz spectroscopy: ligand binding effects Biophys J 84 156A-156A
20. BAA Dremel RD Schmid 1992 Optical sensors for bioprocess control Chem Ing Tech 64 510 517 10.1002/cite.330640607 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XltFSjsro%3D
21. F El-Diasty 2011 Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: spectroscopy and microscopy Vib Spectrosc 55 1 1 37 10.1016/j.vibspec.2010.09.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFOqt7bN
22. C Endres C Haake D Landgrebe S Beutel F Stahl B Hitzmann T Scheper K Friehs 2009 Moderne Bioprozessanalytik - eine kurze Übersicht BIOspektrum 15 662 664 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlSrtrrL
23. JF Fernández-Sánchez R Cannas S Spichiger R Steiger UE Spichiger-Keller 2006 Novel nanostructured materials to develop oxygen-sensitive films for optical sensors Anal Chim Acta 556 271 282 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.021
24. AP Ferreira LM Vieira JP Cardoso JC Menezes 2005 Evaluation of a new annular capacitance probe for biomass monitoring in industrial pilot-scale fermentations J Biotechnol 116 403 409 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.12.006 (Pubitemid 40312685)
25. A Gebauer T Scheper K Schügerl 1987 Penicillin acylase production by E. coli Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2 55 58 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXitFanu7k%3D
26. A Glindkamp D Riechers C Rehbock B Hitzmann T Scheper KF Reardon 2010 Sensors in disposable bioreactors status and trends Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 115 145 169
27. P Gorry 1990 General least-squares smoothing and differentiation by the convolution (Savitzki-Golay) method Anal Chem 62 570 573 10.1021/ac00205a007 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhtFSrtbk%3D
28. A Hagedorn W Levadoux D Groleau B Tartakovsky 2004 Evaluation of multiwavelength culture fluorescence for monitoring the aroma compound 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF) production Biotechnol Prog 20 361 367 10.1021/bp0300321 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnt1Oksr0%3D (Pubitemid 38211245)
29. K Hantelmann M Kollecker D Hüll B Hitzmann T Scheper 2006 Two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy: a novel approach for controlling fed-batch cultivations J Biotchnol 121 410 417 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.07.016 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvVGisQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 43113114)
30. RT Hatch BG Veilleux 1995 Monitoring of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in commercial bakers' yeast fermentation Biotechnol Bioeng 46 371 374 10.1002/bit.260460410 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlt1Wks7g%3D
31. B Henning J Rautenberg 2006 Process monitoring using ultrasonic sensor systems Ultrason 44 e1395 e1399 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.048 (Pubitemid 46017049)
32. S Herrmann W Oelner H Kaden M Brischwein B Wolf 2000 The influence of different methods of disinfection on the function of electrochemical sensors Sens Actuators B Chem 69 164 170 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00537-2
33. T Hiratsuka 1997 Monitoring the myosin ATPase reaction using a sensitive fluorescent probe: pyrene-labeled ATP Biophys J 72 843 849 10.1016/S0006- 3495(97)78718-6 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsFGqsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27044889)
34. K Joeris JG Frerichs K Konstantinov T Scheper 2002 In-situ microscopy: online process monitoring of mammalian cell cultures Cytotech 38 129 134 10.1023/A:1021170502775 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XoslWqtLs%3D (Pubitemid 35307415)
35. S Joo SB Brown 2008 Chemical sensors with integrated electronics Chem Rev 108 638 651 10.1021/cr068113+ 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjt1aqtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 351350389)
36. P Kadlec B Gabrys S Strandt 2009 Data-driven soft sensors in the process industry Comput Chem Eng 33 795 814 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.12.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisVClt7w%3D
37. HR Kermis Y Kostov G Rao 2003 Rapid method for the preparation of a robust optical pH sensor Analyst 128 1181 1186 10.1039/b304902g 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvVahsro%3D (Pubitemid 37159439)
38. J Kitagawa T Ohkubo M Onuma Y Kadoya 2006 THz spectroscopic characterization of biomolecule/water systems by compact sensor chips Appl Phys Lett 89 041114 10.1063/1.2236295 (Pubitemid 44147519)
39. I Klimant M Kühl RN Glud G Holst 1997 Optical measurement of oxygen and temperature in microscale: strategies and biological applications Sens Actuators B Chem 38 29 37 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)80168-2 (Pubitemid 127427977)
40. T Knüttel H Meyer T Scheper 2006 The application of two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy for the on-line evaluation of modified enzymatic enantioselectivities in organic solvents by forming substrate salts Enzym Microb Technol 39 607 611 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.026
41. R Köneke A Comte H Jürgens O Kohls H Lam T Scheper 1998 Faseroptische Sauerstoffsensoren für Biotechnologie, Umwelt- und Lebensmitteltechnik Chem Ing Tech 70 1611 1617 10.1002/cite.330701224 (Pubitemid 128475991)
42. SW Lai YJ Hou CM Che HL Pang KY Wong CK Chang NY Zhu 2004 Electronic spectroscopy, photophysical properties, and emission quenching studies of an oxidatively robust perfluorinated platinum porphyrin Inorg Chem 43 3724 3732 10.1021/ic049902h 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVSmtLc%3D
43. Lam H (2002) Entwicklung eines faseroptischen Chemo- und eines Biosensors und deren Einsatz in der Biotechnologie. Dissertation, Universität Hannover, Hannover
44. D Landgrebe C Haake T Höpfner S Beutel B Hitzmann T Scheper M Rhiel KF Reardon 2010 On-line infrared spectroscopy for bioprocess monitoring Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88 11 22 10.1007/s00253-010-2743-8 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXhtVaht77P
45. B Lavine 2000 Chemometrics Anal Chem 72 91 98 10.1021/a1000016x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXislygs7o%3D
46. B Leardi 1994 Application of a genetic algorithm to feature selection under full validation conditions to outliner detection J Chemometr 8 65 79 10.1002/cem.1180080107 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFSqsrw%3D
47. HLT Lee P Boccazzi N Gorret RJ Ram AJ Sinskey 2004 In situ bioprocess monitoring of Escherichia coli bioreactions using Raman spectroscopy Vib Spectrosc 35 131 137 10.1016/j.vibspec.2003.12.015 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXjsl2lu7s%3D
48. SK Lee EK Suh NK Cho HD Park L Uneus AL Spetz 2005 Comparison study of ohmic contacts to 4H-silicon carbide in oxidizing ambient for harsh environment gas sensor applications Solid State Electron 49 1297 1301 10.1016/j.sse.2005.06. 005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXptVWmtr0%3D (Pubitemid 41230830)
49. M Lehmann W Baumann M Brischwein HJ Gahle I Freund R Ehret S Drechsler H Palzer SU Kleintges B Wolf 2001 Simultaneous measurement of cellular respiration and acidification with a single CMOS ISFET Biosens Bioelectron 16 195 203 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00123-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFCltLY%3D (Pubitemid 32406279)
50. CY Li XB Zhang ZX Han B Akermark LC Sun GL Shen RQ Yu 2006 A wide pH range optical sensing system based on a sol-gel encapsulated amino-functionalised corrole Analyst 131 388 393 10.1039/b514510d 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xhs12nsb0%3D
51. Linder P, Endes C, Bluma A, Höpfner T, Glindkamp A, Haake C, Landgrebe D, Riechers D, Baumfalk R, Hitzmann B, Scheper T, Reardon KF (2011) Disposable sensor systems. In: Eibl R, Eibl D (eds) Single-use technology in biopharmaceutical manufacture. Wiley, New York, pp 67-81
52. S Marose C Lindemann R Ulber T Scheper 1999 Optical sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring Trends Biotechnol 17 30 34 10.1016/S0167-7799(98)01247-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlt1Kjtrk%3D (Pubitemid 29246024)
53. RM Matanguihan KB Konstantinov T Yoshida 1994 Dielectric measurement to monitor the growth and physiological states of biological cells Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 11 213 222 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXivVSlsb8%3D (Pubitemid 24352659)
54. AC McGovern D Broadhurst J Taylor N Kaderbhai MK Winson DA Small JJ Rowland DB Kell R Goodacre 2002 Monitoring of complex industrial bioprocesses for metabolite concentration using modern spectroscopies and machine learning: application to gibberellic acid production Biotechnol Bioeng 78 527 538 10.1002/bit.10226 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvV2mtb8%3D (Pubitemid 34732449)
55. C Miller 2000 Chemometrics for on-line spectroscopy applications-theory and practice J Chemom 14 513 528 10.1002/1099-128X(200009/12)14:5/6<513::AID- CEM626>3.0.CO;2-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnslGqtb4%3D
56. A Mills Q Chang N McMuray 1992 Equilibrium studies on colorimetric plastic film sensors for carbon dioxide Anal Chem 64 1383 1388 10.1021/ac00037a015 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XktF2gtb8%3D
57. JL Müller M Neumann P Scholl L Hilterhaus M Eckstein O Thum A Liese 2010 Online monitoring of biotranformations in high viscous multiphase systems by means of FT-IR and chemometrics Anal Chem 82 6008 6014 10.1021/ac100469t
58. 2 measurement Talanta 35 109 112 10.1016/0039-9140(88)80047-X 1:CAS:528: DyaL1cXktVeiurk%3D
59. L Noui J Hill PJ Keay RY Wang T Smith K Yeung G Habib M Hoare 2002 Development of a high resolution UV spectrophotometer for at-line monitoring of bioprocesses Chem Eng Process 41 107 114 10.1016/S0255-2701(01)00122-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXot1Ogsbs%3D (Pubitemid 33124834)
60. EJ November JF Van Impe 2000 Evaluation of on-line viable biomass measurements during fermentation of Candida utilis Bioprocess Eng 23 473 477 10.1007/s004499900179 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvFyruro%3D
61. P Ödman C Lindvald Johansen L Olsson KV Gernaey A Eliasson Lantz 2010 Sensor combination and chemometric variable selection for online monitoring of Streptomyces coelicolor fed-batch cultivations Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86 1745 1759 10.1007/s00253-009-2412-y
62. T Ohkubo J Onuma J Kitagawa Y Kadoya 2006 Micro-strip-line-based sensing chips for characterization of polar liquids in terahertz regime Appl Phys Lett 88 212511 10.1063/1.2207989 (Pubitemid 43814834)
63. T Pekeler C Lindermann T Scheper B Hitzmann 1998 Prediction of bioprocess from two-dimensional fluorescence specta Chem Ing Tech 70 1610 1611 10.1002/cite.330701223 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktlOrsQ%3D%3D
64. MN Pons S Le Bonte O Potier 2004 Spectral analysis and fingerprinting for biomedia characterisation J Biotechnol 113 211 230 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03. 028 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnslOhtLg%3D (Pubitemid 39237080)
65. K Potter RL Kleinber FJ Brockmann WE McFarland 1996 Assay for bacteria in porous media by duffusion weighted NMR J Magn Reson Ser B 113 9 15 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0149 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsVGmtrY%3D (Pubitemid 126758741)
66. A Prediger A Bluma T Höpfner P Lindner S Beutel JJ Müller L Hilterhaus A Liese T Scheper 2011 In-situ-Mikroskopie zur Online- Überwachung von Enzymträgern und Zweiphasenprozessen Chem Ing Tech 83 884 887 10.1002/cite.201000203 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXms1ajtLk%3D
67. C Rehbock S Beutel T Brückerhoff B Hitzmann D Riecher G Rudolph F Stahl T Scheper K Friehs 2008 Bioprozessanalytik Chem Ing Tech 80 267 286 10.1002/cite.200700164 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjvFOlu74%3D
68. P Resa L Elvira F Montero de Espinosa 2004 Concentration in alcoholic fermentation processes from ultrasonic velocity measurements Food Res Int 37 587 594 10.1016/j.foodres.2003.12.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksVelsbw%3D (Pubitemid 38717829)
69. EV Rokhina P Lens J Virkutyte 2009 Low-frequency ultrasound in biotechnology: state of the art Trends Biotechnol 27 298 306 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.02.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXltVyns70%3D
70. P Roychoudhury LM Harvey B McNeil 2006 At-line monitoring of ammonium, glucose, methyl oleate and biomass in a complex antibiotic fermentation process using attenuated total reflectance-mid-infrared (ATR-MIR) spectroscopy Anal Chim Acta 561 218 224 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.037 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvFOitbg%3D (Pubitemid 43356209)
71. G Rudolph T Brückerhoff A Bluma G Korb T Scheper 2007 Optical inline measurement procedure for cell count and cell size determination in bioprocess technology Chem Ing Tech 79 42 51 10.1002/cite.200600110 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXhvV2mtrc%3D
72. K Sato Y Yoshida T Hirahara T Ohba 2000 On-line measurement of intracellular ATP of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pyruvate during sake mashing J Biosci Bioeng 90 294 301 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotFejsrw%3D
73. T Scheper A Gebauer A Sauerbrei A Niehoff K Schügerl 1984 Measurement of biological parameters during fermentation processes Anal Chim Acta 163 111 118 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)81499-3 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXmtVKlug%3D%3D
74. T Scheper C Müller KD Anders F Eberhardt F Plötz C Schelp O Thordsen K Schügerl 1993 Optical sensors for biotechnological applications Biosens Bioelectron 9 73 83 10.1016/0956-5663(94)80017-0 (Pubitemid 24093370)
75. T Scheper J Hilmer F Lammers C Mueller M Reinecke 1996 Biosensors in bioprocess monitoring J Chromat 725 3 12 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00998-1
76. T Scheper B Hitzmann E Staerk R Ulber R Faurie P Sosnitza KF Reardon 1999 Bioanalytics: detailed insight into bioprocesses Anal Chim Acta 400 121 143 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00612-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtVWrug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29535392)
77. K Schügerl 2001 Progress in monitoring, modeling and control of bioprocesses during the last 20 years J Biotechnol 85 149 173 10.1016/S0168-1656(00)00361-8
78. SG Schulmann S Chen F Bai MJP Leiner L Weis OS Wolfbeis 1995 Dependence of fluorescence of immobilized 1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate on solution pH: extension of the range of applicability of a ph fluorosensor Anal Chim Acta 304 165 170 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00631-U
79. 2 determination J Appl Physiol 13 515 520 1:CAS:528: DyaG1MXmtlWisw%3D%3D
80. 2 electrode stability, memory and S plots Br J Anaesth 47 553 558 10.1093/bja/47.5.553 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXkslCqsL4%3D
81. H Suhr G Wehnert K Schneider C Bittner T Scholz P Geissler B Jahnr T Scheper 1995 In-situ microscopy for online characterization of cell-populations in bioreactors including cell-concentration measurements by depth from focus Biotechnol Bioeng 47 106 116 10.1002/bit.260470113 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmt1aksbg%3D
82. A Surribas D Geissler A Gierse T Scheper B Hitzmann JL Montesinos F Valero 2006 State variables monitoring by in-situ multi-wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy in heterologous protein production by Pichia pastoris J Biotechnol 124 412 419 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.01.002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlvFGitrc%3D
83. WH Tan ZY Shi R Kopelman 1992 Development of submicron chemical fiber optic sensors Anal Chem 64 2985 2990 10.1021/ac00047a019 1:CAS:528: DyaK38Xmt1Ghu7s%3D
84. B Tartakovsky M Sheintuch JM Hilmer T Scheper 1996 Application of scanning fluorometry for monitoring of a fermentation process Biotechnol Prog 12 126 131 10.1021/bp950045h 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvVajsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 2618564)
85. AP Teixeira R Oliveira PM Alves MJT Corrondo 2009 Advances in on-line monitoring and control of mammalian cel cultures: supporting the PAT initiative Biotechnol Adv 27 726 732 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.003 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXht1CqtbjM
86. MG Trevisan RJ Poppi 2008 Direct determination of ephedrine intermediate in a biotransformation reaction using infrared spectroscopy and PLS Tatlanta 75 1021 1027 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.12.050 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlvVOjsLo%3D
87. R Ulber JG Fredrichs S Beutel 2003 Optical sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring Anal Bioanal Chem 376 342 348 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVClsbg%3D (Pubitemid 40878033)
88. M Uttamlal DR Walt 1995 A fiber-optic carbon dioxide sensor for fermentation monitoring Biotechnol 13 567 601 10.1038/nbt0695-597
89. F Van Steenkiste K Baert D Debruyker V Spiering B Van der Schoot P Arquint R Born K Schumann 1997 A microsensor array for biochemichal sensing Sens Actuators B Chem 44 409 412 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00234-7
90. T Vankeirsbilck A Vercauteren W Baeyens G Van der Weken F Verpoort G Vergote JP Remon 2002 Applications of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis Trac-Trends Anal Chem 21 869 877 10.1016/S0165-9936(02)01208-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFehsLo%3D (Pubitemid 35463178)
91. H Voigt F Schitthelm T Lange T Kullick R Ferretti 1997 Diamond-like carbon-gate pH-ISFET Sens Actuators B Chem 44 441 445 10.1016/S0925-4005(97) 00236-0 (Pubitemid 127437410)
92. V Vojinović JMS Cabral LP Fonseca 2006 Real-time bioprocess monitoring part I: in-situ sensors Sens Actuators B Chem 114 1083 1091 10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.059
93. HS Voraberger H Kreimeier K Biebernik W Kern 2001 Novel oxygen optrode withstanding autoclavation: technical solutions and performance Sens Actuators B Chem 74 179 185 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00730-9 (Pubitemid 32287961)
94. BH Weigl OS Wolfbeis 1995 Sensitivity studies on optical carbon dioxide sensors based on ion pairing Sens Actuators B Chem 28 151 156 10.1016/0925-4005(95)80041-7
95. OS Wolfbeis 2005 Materials for fluorescence-based optical chemical sensors J Mater Chem 15 2657 2669 10.1039/b501536g 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXmtVWqt7g%3D (Pubitemid 41048660)
96. K Yamamoto K Tominaga H Sasakawa A Tamura H Murakami H Ohtake N Sarukura 2005 Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of amino acids and polypeptides Biophys J 89 L22 L24 10.1529/biophysj.105.067447 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpvF2kt74%3D (Pubitemid 41233502)
97. DW Zabriskie AE Humphrey 1978 Estimation of fermentation biomass concentration by measuring culture fluorescence Appl Environ Microbiol 35 337 343 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXhs1ynsb8%3D (Pubitemid 8291824)
98. A Zanzotto N Szita P Boccazzi P Lessard AJ Sinskey KF Jensen 2004 Membrane-aerated microbioreactor for high-throughput bioprocessing Biotechnol Bioeng 87 243 254 10.1002/bit.20140 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvVags7c%3D (Pubitemid 38879755)
99. A Zeiser C Bedard R Voyer B Jardin R Tom AA Kamen 1999 On-line monitoring of the progress of infection in Sf-9 insect cell cultures using relative permittivity measurements Biotechnol Bioeng 63 122 126 10.1002/(SICI)1097- 0290(19990405)63:1<122::AID-BIT13>3.0.CO;2-I 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhslaitbY%3D (Pubitemid 29104102)
100. XC Zhang 2002 Terahertz wave imaging: horizons and hurdles Phys Med Biol 47 3667 3677 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/301 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38nptFajsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 35363513)
101. J Zhu Y Jin J Xue 1992 Fabrication and characterization of a sterilizable pH-optrode Fresenius J Anal Chem 342 42 46 10.1007/BF00321687 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhslagsL4%3D