Plant phenylpropanoids as emerging anti-inflammatory agents

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 823-835

  Korkina, L ^a   Kostyuk, V ^a   de Luca, C ^a   Pastore, S ^a  

^a LABORATORIO DI PATOLOGIA VASCOLARE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Chemokines; Cytokines; Reactive oxygen species; Uv irradiation; Xenobiotics

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACTEOSIDE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; APIGENIN; CHEMOKINE; CURCUMIN; CYTOKINE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; GLUTATHIONE; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; METAL CHELATE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PLANT DERIVED PHENYLPROPANOID DERIVATIVE; POLYDATIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; QUERCETIN; RADIOPROTECTIVE AGENT; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; RESVERATROL; RUTOSIDE; TEUPOLIOSIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG METABOLISM; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RADIATION PROTECTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CHEMOKINES; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; NF-KAPPA B; PLANTS; POLYPHENOLS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RECEPTORS, ARYL HYDROCARBON;

EID: 79960981915     PISSN: 13895575     EISSN: 18755607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138955711796575489     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. Schmidt, B.M.; Ribnicky, D.M.; Lipsky, P.E.; Raskin, I. Revisiting the ancient concept of botanical therapeutics. Nat. Chem. Biol., 2007, 3, 360-366.
2. Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J. Nat. Prod., 2007, 70, 461-477.
3. Weathers, P.J.; Towler, M.J.; Xu, J. Bench to batch: advances in plant cell culture for producing useful products. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2010, 85, 1339-1351.
4. Korkina, L. Phenylpropanoids as naturally occurring antioxidants: from plant defense to human health. Cell. Mol. Biol., 2007, 53, 15-25.
5. Wu, N.; Kong, Y.; Zu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yang, M.; Peng, X.; Efferth, T. In vitro antioxidant properties, DNA damage protective activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of cajaninstilbene acid, a stilbene compound derived from Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 437-443.
6. Gautam, R.; Jachak, S.M. Recent developments in antiinflammatory natural products. Med. Res. Rev., 2009, 29, 767-820.
7. Moon, Y.J.; Wang, X.; Morris, M.E. Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism. Toxicol. In Vitro, 2006, 20, 187-210.
8. Ververidis, F.; Trantas, E.; Douglas, C.; Kretzchmar, G.; Panopoulos, N. Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoidderived natural products. Part I. Chemical diversity, impacts on plant biology and human health. Biotechnol. J., 2007, 2, 1214-1234.
9. Ververidis, F.; Trantas, E.; Douglas, C.; Kretzchmar, G.; Panopoulos, N. Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoidderived natural products. Part II. Reconstruction in multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes. Biotechnol. J., 2007, 2, 1235-1249.
10. Ditt, R.F.; Nester, E.W.; Comai, L. Plant gene expression response to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001, 98, 10954-10959.
11. Guillet, G.; De Luca, V. Wound-inducible biosynthesis of phytoalexin hydroxycinnamic acid amides of tyramine in tryptophan and tyrosine decarboxylase transgenic tobacco lines. Plant Physiol., 2005, 137, 692-699.
12. Hiroshi, H.; Shang, F.Y. Ethylene-enhanced synthesis of phenyl ammonia lyase in pea seedlings. Plant Physiol., 1971, 47, 765-770.
13. Dixon, R.A.; Paiva, N.L. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 1995, 7, 1085-1097.
14. Douglas, C.J. Phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin biosynthesis: from weeds to trees. Trends in Plant Science, 1996, 1, 171-178.
15. Hahlbrock, K.; Scheel, D. Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol., 1989, 4, 347-369.
16. Russell, W.R.; Burkitt, M.J.; Scobbie, L.; Chesson, A. EPR investigation into the effects of substrate structure on peroxidasecatalyzed phenylpropanoid oxidation. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7, 268-273.
17. Yu, O.; Jez, J.M. Nature's assembly line: biosynthesis of simple phenylpropanoids and polyketides. Plant J., 2008, 54, 750-762.
18. Gundlach, H.; Muller, M.J.; Kutchan, T.M.; Zenk, M.H. Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89, 2389-2393.
19. Zhao, J.; Davis, L.C.; Verpoorte, R. Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnol. Adv., 2005, 23, 283-333.
20. Vasconsuelo, A.; Boland, R. Molecular aspects of the early stages of elicitation of secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Sci., 2007, 172, 861-875.
21. Denisov, E.; Afanas'ev, I. Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology, CBC Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton-London- New York-Singapore, 2005.
22. Jovanovic, S.V.; Steenken, S.; Simic, M.G.; Hara Y. In Flavonoids in Health and Disease, Rice-Evans and Packer, Eds.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1998; pp.137-161.
23. Bors, W.; Michel, C.; Schicora, S. Interaction of flavonoids with ascorbate and determination of their univalent redox potentials: A pulse radiolysis study. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 1995, 19, 45-52.
24. Pietta, P.G. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod. 2000, 63, 1035-1042.
25. Heim, K.E.; Tagliaferro, A.R.; Bobilya, D.J. Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2002, 13, 572-584.
26. Stevenson, D.E.; Hurst, R.D. Polyphenolic phytochemicals-just antioxidants or much more? Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2007, 64, 2900-2916.
27. Khanna, D.; Sethi, G.; Ahn, K.S.; Pandey, M.K.; Kunnumakkara, A.B.; Sung, B.; Aggarwal, A.; Aggarwal, B.B. Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2007, 7, 344-351.
28. Brambilla, D.; Mancuso, C.; Scuderi, M.R.; Bosco, P.; Cantarella, G.; Lempereur, L.; Di Benedetto, G.; Pezzino, S.; Bernardini, R. The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment of the risk/benefit profile. Nutr. J., 2008, 7, 29.
29. Katiyar, S.K. UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents. Cancer Lett., 2007, 255, 1-11.
30. Kostyuk, V.A.; Potapovitch, A.I. Superoxide-driven oxidation of quercetin and a simple sensitive assay for determination of superoxide dismutase. Biochem. Int., 1989, 19, 1117-1124.
31. Laughton, M.J.; Halliwel, B.; Evans, P.J.; Hoult, J.R. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of the plant phenolics quercetin, gossypol and myricetin. Effects on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical generation and bleomycin-dependent damage to DNA. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1989, 38, 2859-2865.
32. + ions: implications for their antioxidant properties. Biochem. J., 1998, 330, 1173-1178.
33. Afanas'ev, I.B.; Dorozhko, A.I.; Brodskii, A.V.; Kostyuk, V.A.; Potapovitch A.I. Chelating and Free Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of Inhibitory Action of Rutin and Quercetin in Lipid Peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1989, 38, 1763-1769.
34. Kostyuk, V.A.; Potapovich, A.I. Antiradical and Chelating Effects in Flavonoid Protection against Silica-Induced Cell Injury. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1998, 355, 43-48.
35. Kuo, S.M.; Leavitt, P.S.; Lin, C.P. Dietary flavonoids interact with trace metals and affect metallothionein level in human intestinal cells. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 1998, 62, 135-153.
36. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 4th edition; Oxford University Press: USA, 2007.
37. Korkina, L.G.; Afanas'ev, I.B. Antioxidant and chelating properties of flavonoids. Adv. Pharmacol., 1997, 38, 151-163.
38. Korkina, L.G.; Mikhal'chik, E.; Suprun, M.V., Pastore, S.; Dal Toso, R. Molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties of naturally occurring biotechnologically produced phenylpropanoid glycosides. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand), 2007, 53, 84-91.
39. Kostyuk, V.A.; Potapovich, A.I.; Strigunova, E.N.; Kostyuk, T.V.; Afanas'ev I.B. Experimental evidence that flavonoids metal com plexes may act as mimics of superoxide dismutase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2004, 428, 204-208.
40. Kostyuk, V.; Potapovich, A.; Korkina, L. Plant polyphenol-metal complexes: effects on reactive oxygen species and cytoprotection against oxidative damage. In: Proc. European Meeting of the Society for Free Radical Research, October 10-13, 2007, Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, Monduzzi Ed. International Proceedings Division: Bologna (Italy), 2007; pp.131-135.
41. Galey, J.B. Potential use of iron chelators against oxidative damage. Adv. Pharmacol., 1997, 38, 167-173.
42. Sakihama, Y.; Cohen, M.F.; Grace, S.C.; Yamasaki, H. Plant phenolic antioxidant and prooxidant activities: phenolics-induced oxidative damage mediated by metals in plants. Toxicology, 2002, 177, 67-80.
43. Korkina, L.G.; De Luca, C.; Kostyuk, V.A.; Pastore, S. Plant polyphenols and tumors: from mechanisms to therapies, prevention, and protection against toxicity of anti-cancer treatments. Curr Med Chem., 2009, 16, 3943-3965.
44. Roy, D.; Liehr, J.G. Temporary decrease in renal quinone reductase activity induced by chronic administration of estradiol to male Syrian hamsters. Increased superoxide formation by redox cycling of estrogen. J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263, 3646-3651.
45. Galati, G.; Sabzevari, O.; Wilson, J.X.; O'Brien, P.J. Prooxidant activity and cellular effects of the phenoxyl radicals of dietary flavonoids and other polyphenolics. Toxicology, 2002, 177, 91-104.
46. Galati, G.; Moridani, M.Y.; Chan, T.S.; O'Brien, P.J. Peroxidative metabolism of apigenin and naringenin versus luteolin and quercetin: glutathione oxidation and conjugation. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2001, 30, 370-382.
47. Kagan, V.E.; Tyurina, Y.Y. Recycling and redox cycling of phenolic antioxidants. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1998, 854, 425-434.
48. Briganti, S.; Picardo, M. Antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and skin diseases. What's new. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2003, 17, 663-669.
49. Droge, W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol. Rev., 2002, 82, 47-95.
50. Lee, J.S.; Surh, Y.J. Nrf2 as a novel molecular target for chemoprevention. Cancer Lett., 2005, 224, 171-184.
51. Pastore, S.; Korkina, L. Redox imbalance in T cell-mediated skin diseases. Mediators Inflamm., 2010, 2010:861949.
52. Schäfer, M.; Werner, S. Oxidative stress in normal and impaired wound repair. Pharmacol. Res., 2008, 58, 165-171.
53. Santangelo, C.; Vari, R.; Scazzocchio, B.; Di Benedetto, R.; Filesi, C.; Masella, R. Polyphenols, intracellular signalling and inflammation. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità, 2007, 43, 394-405.
54. Kostyuk, V.; Potapovich, A.; De Luca, C. The promise of plant polyphenols as the golden standard skin anti-inflammatory agents. Curr. Drug. Metab., 2010, 11, 414-424.
55. Friedman, M.; Jurgens, H.S. Effect of pH on the stability of plant phenolic compounds. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 2101-2110.
56. Korkina, L.G.; Pastore, S.; De Luca, C.; Kostyuk, V.A. Metabolism of plant polyphenols in the skin: beneficial versus deleterious effects. Curr. Drug Metab., 2008, 9, 710-729.
57. Cross, C.E.; van der Vliet, A.; Louie, S.; Thiele, J.J.; Halliwell, B. Environ. Health Perspect., 1998, 106, 1241-1251.
58. Kawanishi, S.; Hiraku, Y. In: Oxidants and Antioxidants in Cutaneous Biology; Thiele, J.; Elsner, P. eds.; Curr. Probl. Dermatol., Karger: Basel, 2001; vol. 29, pp. 74-82.
59. Aggarwal, B.B.; Shishodia, S. Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 71, 1397-1421.
60. Korkina, L.; Pastore, S. The role of redox regulation in the normal physiology and inflammatory diseases of skin. Frontiers in Biosciences, 2009, E1, 123-141.
61. Ramos S. Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signalling pathways. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2008, 52, 507-526.
62. Yoon, J.H.; Baek, S.J. Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Yonsei Med. J., 2005, 46, 585-596.
63. Hausmann, M.; Obermeier, F.; Paper, D.H.; Balan, K.; Dunger, N.; Menzel, K.; Falk, W.; Schoelmerich, J.; Herfarth, H.; Rogler, G. In vivo treatment with the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. Clin Exp Immunol., 2007, 148, 373-381.
64. Lee, J.Y.; Kim, C.J. Arctigenin, a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, inhibits type I-IV allergic inflammation and proinflammatory enzymes. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2010, 33, 947-957.
65. Yu, E.S.; Min, H.J.; Lee, K.; Lee, M.S.; Nam, J.W.; Seo, E.K.; Hong, J.H.; Hwang, E.S. Anti-inflammatory activity of p-coumaryl alcohol-gamma-O-methyl ether is mediated through modulation of interferon-gamma production in Th cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2009, 156, 1107-1114.
66. Kostyuk, V.A.; Potapovich, A.I.; Suhan, T.O.; De Luca, C.; Korkina, L.G. Antioxidant and signal modulation properties of plant polyphenols in controlling vascular inflammation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2011, Mar 1., Epub ahead of print.
67. Esposito, E.; Mazzon, E.; Paterniti, I.; Dal Toso, R.; Pressi, G.; Caminiti, R.; Cuzzocrea, S. PPAR-alpha Contributes to the Anti- Inflammatory Activity of Verbascoside in a Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. PPAR Res., 2010;2010:917312.
68. Simonyi, A.; Woods, D.; Sun, A.Y.; Sun, G.Y. Grape polyphenols inhibit chronic ethanol-induced COX-2 mRNA expression in rat brain. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 2002, 26, 352-357.
69. Lee, J.L.; Mukhtar, H.; Bickers, D.R.; Kopelovich, L.; Athar, M. Cyclooxygenases in the skin: pharmacological and toxicological implications. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2003, 192, 294-306.
70. Jiang, C.; Ting, A.T.; Seed, B. PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. Nature, 1998, 391, 82-86.
71. Kim, S.; Shin, H.J.; Kim, S.Y.; Kim, J.H.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, D.H.; Lee, M.O. Genistein enhances expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism through activation of PPARalpha. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2004, 220, 51-58.
72. Klaunig, J.E.; Babich M.A.; Baetcke, K.P.; Cook, J.C.; Corton, J.C.; David, R.M.; De Luca, J.G.; Lai, D.Y.; McKee, R.H.; Peters, J.M.; Roberts, R.A. PPARalpha agonist-induced rodent tumors: modes of action and human relevance. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 2003, 33, 655-780.
73. Rahman, I.; Biswas, S.K.; Kirkham, P.A. Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72, 1439-1452.
74. Portugal, M.; Barak, V.; Ginsburg, I.; Kohen, R. Interplay among oxidants, antioxidants, and cytokines in skin disorders: present status and future considerations. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2007, 61, 412-422.
75. Balasubramanian, S.; Eckert, R.L. Keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Differential mechanisms of regulation by curcumin, EGCG and apigenin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2007, 224, 214-219.
76. Pastore, S.; Mascia, F.; Mariotti, F.; Dattilo, F.; Mariani, V.; Girolomoni, G. ERK1/2 regulates epidermal chemokine expression and skin inflammation. J. Immunol., 2005, 174, 5047-5056.
77. Chen, C.; Yu, R.; Owuor, E.D.; Kong, A.N. Activation of antioxidant- response element (ARE), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspases by major green tea polyphenol components during cell survival and death. Arch Pharm Res., 2000, 23, 605-612.
78. Na, H.K; Kim, E.H.; Jung, J.H.; Lee, H.H.; Hyun, J.W.; Surh, Y.J. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2008, 476, 171-177.
79. Maher, P. The flavonoid fisetin promotes nerve cell survival from trophic factor withdrawal by enhancement of proteasome activity. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2008, 476, 139-144.
80. Siow, R.C.M.; Li, F.Y.L.; Rowlands, D.J.; de Winter, P.; Mann, G.E. Cardiovascular targets for estrogens and phytoestrogens: transcriptional regulation of nitric oxide synthase and antioxidant defense genes. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 2007, 42, 909-925.
81. Ferguson, L.R. Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability. Mutat. Res., 2001, 475, 89-111.
82. Chang, M.C.Y.; Keasling, J.D. Production of isoprenoid pharmaceuticals by engineered microbes. Nat. Chem. Biol., 2006, 2, 674-681.
83. Albanesi, C.; Pastore S. Pathobiology of chronic inflammatory skin diseases: interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells as a target for anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr. Drug Metab., 2010, 11, 210-227.
84. Mascia, F.; Cataisson, C.; Lee, T.C.; Threadgill, D.; Mariani, V.; Amerio, P.; Chandrasekhara, C.; Souto Adeva, G.; Girolomoni, G.; Yuspa, S.H.; Pastore, S. EGFR regulates the expression of keratinocyte-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro and in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010, 130, 682-693.
85. Pearson, G.; Robinson, F.; Beers Gibson, T.; Xu, B.E.; Karandikar, M.; Berman, K.; Cobb, M.H. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions. Endocr. Rev., 2001, 22, 153-183.
86. Pastore, S.; Mascia, F.; Mariani, V.; Girolomoni, G. The epidermal growth factor receptor system in skin repair and inflammation. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2008, 128, 1365-1474.
87. Pastore, S.; Potapovich, A.; Kostyuk, V.; Mariani, V.; Lulli, D.; De Luca, C.; Korkina, L. Plant polyphenols effectively protect HaCaT cells from ultraviolet C-triggered necrosis and suppress inflammatory chemokine expression. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2009, 1171, 305-313.
88. Rahman, I.; Biswas, S.K.; Kirkham, P.A. Regulation of inflammation and redox signalling by dietary polyphenols. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 71, 551-64.
89. Gloire, G.; Legrand-Poels, S.; Piette, J. NFκB activation by reactive oxygen species: fifteen years later. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72,1493-1505.
90. Epinat, J.C.; Gilmore, T.D. Diverse agents act at multiple levels to inhibit the Rel/NFκB signal transduction pathway. Oncogene, 1999, 18, 6896-6906.
91. Saliou, C.; Kitazawa, M.; McLaughlin, L.; Yang, J.P.; Lodge, J.K.; Tetsuka, T.; Iwasaki, K.; Cillard, J.; Okamoto, T.; Packer, L. Antioxidants modulate acute solar ultraviolet radiation-induced NFkappaB in a human keratinocyte cell line. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1999, 26, 174-183.
92. Adhami, V.M.; Afaq, F.; Ahmad, N. Suppression of ultraviolet B exposure-mediated activation of NFkappaB in normal human keratinocytes by resveratrol. Neoplasia, 2003, 5, 74-82.
93. Afaq, F.; Adhami, V.M.; Ahmad, N.; Mukhtar, H. Inhibition of ultraviolet B-mediated activation of nuclear factor κB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea constituent (-)- epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Oncogene, 2003, 22, 1035-1044.
94. Afaq, F.; Malik, A.; Syed, D.; Maes, D.; Matsui, M.S.; Mukhtar, H. Pomegranate fruit extract modulates UV-B-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and activation of NFκB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Photochem. Photobiol., 2005, 81, 38-45.
95. Pastore, S.; Lulli, D.; Potapovich, A.I.; Fidanza, P.; Kostyuk, V.A.; Dellambra, E.; De Luca, C.; Maurelli, R.; Korkina, L.G. Differential modulation of stress-inflammation responses by plant polyphenols in cultured normal human keratinocytes and immortalized HaCaT cells. J. Dermatol. Sci., in press.
96. Potapovich A.I.; Lulli, D.; Fidanza, P.; Kostyuk, V.A.; De Luca, C.; Pastore, S.; Korkina, L.G. Plant polyphenols differentially modulate inflammatory responses of human keratinocytes by interfering with activation of transcriptional factors NFκB and AhR and EGFR-ERK pathways independently of their direct redox properties. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., in press.
97. Meyer, M.; Schreck, R.; Baeuerle, P.A. H2O2 and antioxidants have opposite effects on activation of NFκB and AP-1 in intact cells: AP-1 as secondary antioxidant-responsive factor. EMBO J., 1993, 12, 2005-2015.
98. Eferl, R.; Wagner, E.F. AP-1: a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2003, 3, 859-868.
99. Xanthoudakis, S.; Curran, T. Redox regulation of AP-1. In: Biological reactive intermediates; Snyder, R., Ed., Plenum Press: New York, 1996; pp 69-75.
100. Dalton, T.P.; Shertzer, H.G.; Puga, A. Regulation of gene expression by reactive oxygen. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1999, 39, 67-101.
101. Teillet, F.; Boumendjel, A.; Boutonnat, J.; Ronot, X. Flavonoids as RTK inhibitors and potential anticancer agents. Med. Res. Rev., 2008, 28, 715-745.
102. Pavek, P.; Dvorak, Z. Xenobiotic-induced transcriptional regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily in human extrahepatic tissues. Curr. Drug Metab., 2008, 9, 129-143.
103. Niestroy, J.; Barbara, A.; Herbst, K.; Rode, S.; van Liempt, M.; Roos, P.H. Single and concerted effects of benzo[a]pyrene and flavonoids on the AhR and Nrf2-pathway in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Toxicol. In Vitro, 2011, 25, 671-683.
104. Ikuta, T.; Namiki, T.; Fujii-Kuriyama, Y.; Kawajiri, K. AhR protein trafficking and function in the skin. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2009, 77, 588-596.
105. Kerkvliet, N.I. AHR-mediated immunomodulation: the role of altered gene transcription. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2009, 77, 746-760.
106. Puga, A., Ma, C., Marlowe, J.L. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cross-talks with multiple signal transduction pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2009, 77, 713-722.
107. Haarmann-Stemmann, T.; Both, H.; Abel, J. Growth factors, cytokines and their receptors as downstream targets of arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2009, 77, 508-520.
108. Fritsche, E.; Schafer, C.; Calles, C.; Bernsmann, T.; Bernshausen, T.; Wurm, M.; Hubenthal, U.; Cline, J.E.; Hajimiragha, H.; Schroeder, P.; Klotz, L.O.; Rannug, A.; Furst, P.; Hanenberg, H.; Abel, J.; Krutmann, J. Lightening up the UV response by identification of the arylhydrocarbon receptor as a cytoplasmatic target for ultraviolet B radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2007, 104, 8851-8856.
109. Tan, Z.; Chang, X.; Puga, A.; Xia, Y. Activation of mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) by aromatic hydrocarbons: role in the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) function. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2002, 64, 771-780.
110. Chen, S.; Operana, T.; Bonzo, J.; Nguyen, N.; Turkey, R.H. ERK kinase inhibition stabilizes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: implications for transcriptional activation and protein degradation. J. Biol. Chem., 2005, 280, 4350-4359.
111. Beedanagari, S.R.; Bebenek, I.; Bui, P.; Hankinson, O. Resveratrol inhibits dioxin-induced expression of human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by inhibiting recruitment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex and RNA polymerase II to the regulatory regions of the corresponding genes. Toxicol. Sci., 2009, 110, 61-67.
112. Zhang, S.; Qin, C.; Safe, S.H. Flavonoids as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists/antagonists: effect of structure and cell context. Environ. Health Perspect., 2003, 11, 1877-1882.
113. Dijsselbloem, N.; Goriely, S.; Albarani, V.; Gerlo, S.; Francoz, S.; Marine, J.C.; Goldman, M.; Haegeman, G.; Vanden Berghe, W. A critical role for p53 in the control of NF-κB-dependent gene expression in TLR4-stimulated dendritic cells exposed to genistein. J. Immunol., 2007, 178, 5048-5057.
114. Papoutsis, A.J.; Lamore, S.D.; Wondrak, G.T.; Selmin, O.I.; Romagnolo, D.F. Resveratrol prevents epigenetic silencing of BCRA- 1 by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor in human breast cancer cells. J. Nutr., 2010, 140, 1607-1614.
115. Wu, N.; Kong, Y.; Zu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yang, M.; Peng, X.; Efferth, T. In vitro antioxidant properties, DNA damage protective activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of cajaninstilbene acid, a stilbene compound derived from Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 437-443.
116. Dinkova-Kostova, A.T. Phytochemicals as protectors against ultraviolet radiation: versatility of effects and mechanisms. Planta Med., 2008, 74, 1548-1559.
117. Niestroy, J.; Barabara, A.; Herbst, K.; Rode, S.; van Liempt, M.; Roos, P.H. Single and concerted effects of benzo[a]pyrene and flavonoids on the AhR and Nrf2-pathway in the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Toxicol. In Vitro, 2011 [Epub ahead of print, Jan 2011].
118. Wright, T.I.; Spencer, J.M.; Flowers, F.P. Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2006, 54, 933-946.
119. Wang, Z.Y.; Huang, M.T.; Ferraro, T.; Wong, C.Q.; Lou, Y.R.; Reuhl, K.; Iatropulos, M.; Yang, C.S.; Connery, A.H. Inhibitory effect of green tea in the drinking water on tumorigenesis by ultraviolet light and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in the skin of SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res., 1992, 52, 1162-1170.
120. Wei, H.; Saladi, R.; Lu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Palep, S.R.; Moore, J.; Phelps, R.; Shyong, E.; Lebwohl, M.G. Isoflavone genistein: photoprotection and clinical implications in dermatology. J. Nutr., 2003, 133, 3811S-3819S.
121. Picardo, M.; Zompetta, C.; De Luca, C.; Cirone, M.; Faggioni, A.; Nazzaro-Porro, M.; Passi, S.; Prota, G. Role of skin surface lipids in UV-induced epidermal cell changes. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 1991, 283, 191-197.
122. Uchino, T.; Tokunaga, H.; Onodera, H.; Ando, M. Effect of squalene monohydroperoxide on cytotoxicity and cytokine release in a three-dimensional human skin model and human epidermal keratinocytes. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2002, 25, 605-610.
123. De Luca, C.; Valacchi G. Surface lipids as multifunctional mediators of skin responses to environmental stimuli. Mediators Inflamm., 2010;2010:321494.
124. 2 and impaired cytokine pattern in cultured keratinocytes and blood of vitiligo patients. Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 2010, 13, 607-620.
125. Zhu, Q.; Zheng, Z.P.; Cheng, K.W.; Wu, J.J.; Zhang, S.; Tang, Y.S.; Sze, K.H.; Chen, J.; Chen, F.; Wang, M. Natural polyphenols as direct trapping agents of lipid peroxidation-derived acrolein and 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2009, 22, 1721-1727.
126. Feng, Q.; Kumagai, T.; Torii, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; Osawa, T.; Uchida, K. Anticarcinogenic antioxidants as inhibitors against intracellular oxidative stress. Free Radic. Res., 2001, 35, 779-788.
127. Katiyar, S.K.; Afaq, F.; Peres, A; Mukhar, H. Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis, 2001, 22, 287-294.
128. Schleyer, V.; Radakovic-Fijan, S.; Karrer, S.; Zwingers, T.; Tanew, A.; Landthaler, M.; Szeimies, R.M.J. Disappointing results and low tolerability of photodynamic therapy with topical 5- aminolaevulinic acid in psoriasis. A randomized, double-blind phase I/II study. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2006, 20, 823-828.
129. Schmitt, S.; Schaefer, U.F.; Doebler, L.; Reichling, J. Cooperative interaction of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the in vitro human skin permeation of complex composed essential oils. Planta Med., 2009, 75, 1381-1385.