Decision neuroscience: Neuroeconomics

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 854-871

  Smith, David V ^a   Huettel, Scott A ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79957519794     PISSN: 19395078     EISSN: 19395086     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.73     Document Type: Review

References (210)

1. Glimcher PW, Rustichini A. Neuroeconomics: the consilience of brain and decision. Science 2004, 306:447-452.
2. Platt ML, Huettel SA. Risky business: the neuroeconomics of decision making under uncertainty. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:398-403.
3. Doya K. Modulators of decision making. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:410-416.
4. Rangel A, Camerer C, Montague PR. A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008, 9:545-556.
5. Sanfey AG. Social decision-making: insights from game theory and neuroscience. Science 2007, 318:598-602.
6. Sanfey AG, Loewenstein G, McClure SM, Cohen JD. Neuroeconomics: cross-currents in research on decision-making. Trends Cogn Sci 2006, 10:108-116.
7. Wise RA, Rompre PP. Brain Dopamine and Reward. Annu Rev Psychol 1989, 40:191-225.
8. Schultz W. Behavioral dopamine signals. Trends Neurosci 2007, 30:203-210.
9. Schultz W. Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annu Rev Psychol 2006, 57:87-115.
10. Schultz W. Multiple reward signals in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2000, 1:199-207.
11. Wise RA, Spindler J, deWit H, Gerberg GJ. Neuroleptic-induced 'anhedonia' in rats: pimozide blocks reward quality of food. Science 1978, 201:262-264.
12. Wise RA. Neuroleptics and operant behavior: the anehodonia hypothesis. Behav Brain Sci 1982, 5:39-87.
13. Bishop MP, Elder ST, Heath RG. Intracranial selfstimulation in man. Science 1963, 140:394-396.
14. Olds ME, Fobes JL. The central basis of motivation: intracranial self-stimulation studies. Annu Rev Psychol 1981, 32:523-574.
15. Olds J, Milner P. Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1954, 47:419-427.
16. Berridge KC, Robinson TE. What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1998, 28:309-369.
17. Berridge KC. The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007, 191:391-431.
18. Berridge KC. Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1996, 20:1-25.
19. Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR. A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science 1997, 275:1593-1599.
20. Cannon CM, Bseikri MR. Is dopamine required for natural reward? Physiol Behav 2004, 81:741-748.
21. Schultz W, Tremblay L, Hollerman JR. Reward prediction in primate basal ganglia and frontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 1998, 37:421-429.
22. Schultz W. The phasic reward signal of primate dopamine neurons. Adv Pharmacol 1998, 42:686-690.
23. Schultz W. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J Neurophysiol 1998, 80:1-27.
24. Tremblay L, Schultz W. Modifications of reward expectation-related neuronal activity during learning in primate orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2000, 83:1877-1885.
25. Zaghloul KA, Blanco JA, Weidemann CT, McGill K, Jaggi JL, et al. Human substantia nigra neurons encode unexpected financial rewards. Science 2009, 323:1496-1499.
26. Berns GS, McClure SM, Pagnoni G, Montague PR. Predictability modulates human brain response to reward. J Neurosci 2001, 21:2793-2798.
27. McClure SM, Berns GS, Montague PR. Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum. Neuron 2003, 38:339-346.
28. D'Ardenne K, McClure SM, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area. Science 2008, 319:1264-1267.
29. Platt ML, Glimcher PW. Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex. Nature 1999, 400:233-238.
30. Deaner RO, Platt ML. Reflexive social attention in monkeys and humans. Curr Biol 2003, 13:1609-1613.
31. McCoy AN, Platt ML. Risk-sensitive neurons in macaque posterior cingulate cortex. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:1220-1227.
32. Sugrue LP, Corrado GS, Newsome WT. Matching behavior and the representation of value in the parietal cortex. Science 2004, 304:1782-1787.
33. McCoy AN, Crowley JC, Haghighian G, Dean HL, Platt ML. Saccade reward signals in posterior cingulate cortex. Neuron 2003, 40:1031-1040.
34. Dorris MC, Glimcher PW. Activity in posterior parietal cortex is correlated with the relative subjective desirability of action. Neuron 2004, 44:365-378.
35. Knutson B, Westdorp A, Kaiser E, Hommer D. FMRI visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. Neuroimage 2000, 12:20-27.
36. Knutson B, Greer SM. Anticipatory affect: neural correlates and consequences for choice. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008, 363:3771-3786.
37. Delgado MR, Nystrom LE, Fissell C, Noll DC, Fiez JA. Tracking the hemodynamic responses to reward and punishment in the striatum. J Neurophysiol 2000, 84:3072-3077.
38. Elliott R, Friston KJ, Dolan RJ. Dissociable neural responses in human reward systems. J Neurosci 2000, 20:6159-6165.
39. BreiterHC, Aharon I, Kahneman D, Dale A, Shizgal P. Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron 2001, 30:619-639.
40. Knutson B, Fong GW, Adams CM, Varner JL, Hommer D. Dissociation of reward anticipation and outcome with event-related fMRI. Neuro report 2001, 12:3683-3687.
41. Knutson B, Fong GW, Bennett SM, Adams CM, Homme D. A region of mesial prefrontal cortex tracks monetarily rewarding outcomes: characterization with rapid event-related fMRI. Neuroimage 2003, 18:263-272.
42. Knutson B, Taylor J, KaufmanM, Peterson R, Glover G. Distributed neural representation of expected value. J Neurosci 2005, 25:4806-4812.
43. Rolls ET, Sienkiewicz ZJ, Yaxley S. Hunger modulates the responses to gustatory stimuli of single neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex of the Macaque monkey. Eur J Neurosci 1989, 1:53-60.
44. Critchley HD, Rolls ET. Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 1996, 75:1673-1686.
45. O'Doherty J, Rolls ET, Francis S, Bowtell R,McGlone F, et al. Sensory-specific satiety-related olfactory activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex. Neuroreport 2000, 11:893-897.
46. Kringelbach ML, O'Doherty J, Rolls ET, Andrews C. Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness. Cereb Cortex 2003, 13:1064-1071.
47. Small DM, Gregory MD, Mak YE, Gitelman D, Mesulam MM, et al. Dissociation of neural representation of intensity and affective valuation in human gustation. Neuron 2003, 39:701-711.
48. O'Doherty J, Rolls ET, Francis S, Bowtell R,McGlone F. Representation of pleasant and aversive taste in the human brain. J Neurophysiol 2001, 85:1315-1321.
49. O'Doherty JP, Deichmann R, Critchley HD, Dolan RJ. Neural responses during anticipation of a primary taste reward. Neuron 2002, 33:815-826.
50. Anderson AK, Christoff K, Stappen I, Panitz D, Ghahremani DG, et al. Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction. Nat Neurosci 2003, 6:196-202.
51. Gottfried JA, O'Doherty J, Dolan RJ. Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning in humans studied using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 2002, 22:10829-10837.
52. Rolls ET, O'Doherty J, Kringelbach ML, Francis S, Bowtell R, et al. Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. Cereb Cortex 2003, 13:308-317.
53. Winston JS, O'Doherty J, Kilner JM, Perrett DI,Dolan RJ. Brain systems for assessing facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:195-206.
54. O'Doherty JP, Winston J, Critchley H, Perrett D, Burt DM, et al. Beauty in a smile: the role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia 2003, 41:147-155.
55. Cloutier J, Heatherton TF, Whalen PJ, Kelley WM. Are attractive people rewarding? Sex differences in the neural substrates of facial attractiveness. J Cogn Neurosci 2008, 20:941-951.
56. Aharon I, Etcoff N, Ariely D, Chabris CF, O'Connor E, et al. Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron 2001, 32:537-551.
57. Arnow BA, Desmond JE, Banner LL, Glover GH, Solomon A, et al. Brain activation and sexual arousal in healthy, heterosexual males. Brain 2002, 125:1014-1023.
58. Ferretti A, Caulo M, Del Gratta C, Di Matteo R, Merla A, et al. Dynamics of male sexual arousal: distinct components of brain activation revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 2005, 26:1086-1096.
59. Vartanian O, Goel V. Neuroanatomical correlates of aesthetic preference for paintings. Neuroreport 2004, 15:893-897.
60. Mobbs D, Greicius MD, Abdel-Azim E, Menon V, Reiss AL. Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centers. Neuron 2003, 40:1041-1048.
61. Harbaugh WT, Mayr U, Burghart DR. Neural responses to taxation and voluntary giving reveal motives for charitable donations. Science 2007, 316:1622-1625.
62. Moll J, Krueger F, Zahn R, Pardini M, de Oliveira-Souza R, et al. Human fronto-mesolimbic networks guide decisions about charitable donation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:15623-15628.
63. Aron A, Fisher H, Mashek DJ, Strong G, Li H, et al. Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associatedwith early-stage intense romantic love. J Neurophysiol 2005, 94:327-337.
64. Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimage 2004, 21:1155-1166.
65. Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural basis of romantic love. Neuroreport 2000, 11:3829-3834.
66. Fehr E, Camerer CF. Social neuroeconornics: the neural circuitry of social preferences. Trends Cogn Sci 2007, 11:419-427.
67. Joshua M, Adler A, Mitelman R, Vaadia E, Bergman H. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons and striatal cholinergic interneurons encode the difference between reward and aversive events at different epochs of probabilistic classical conditioning trials. J Neurosci 2008, 28:11673-11684.
68. Brischoux F, Chakraborty S, Brierley DI, Ungless MA. Phasic excitation of dopamine neurons in ventral VTA by noxious stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:4894-4899.
69. Seymour B, Daw N, Dayan P, Singer T, Dolan R. Differential encoding of losses and gains in the human striatum. J Neurosci 2007, 27:4826-4831.
70. Kim H, Shimojo S, O'Doherty JP. Is avoiding an aversive outcome rewarding? Neural substrates of avoidance learning in the human brain. PLoS Biol 2006, 4:1453-1461.
71. Jensen J, McIntosh AR, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, Remington G, et al. Direct activation of the ventral striatum in anticipation of aversive stimuli. Neuron 2003, 40:1251-1257.
72. Becerra L, BreiterHC, Wise R, Gonzalez RG, Borsook D. Reward circuitry activation by noxious thermal stimuli. Neuron 2001, 32:927-946.
73. Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Martin ME, Dhamala M, Berns GS. Human striatal response to salient nonrewarding stimuli. J Neurosci 2003, 23:8092-8097.
74. Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Chappelow J, Martin-Skurski M, Berns GS. Human striatal activation reflects degree of stimulus saliency. Neuroimage 2006, 29:977-983.
75. Zink CF, Pagnoni G, Martin-Skurski ME, Chappelow JC, Berns GS. Human striatal responses to monetary reward depend on saliency. Neuron 2004, 42:509-517.
76. Cooper JC, Knutson B. Valence and salience contribute to nucleus accumbens activation. Neuroimage 2008, 39:538-547.
77. Jensen J, Smith AJ, Willeit M, Crawley AP, Mikulis DJ, et al. Separate brain regions code for salience vs. valence during reward prediction in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2007, 28:294-302.
78. Garner WR. Uncertainty and Structure as Psychological Concepts. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1962.
79. Knight FH. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. New York: Houghton Mifflin; 1921.
80. Fiorillo CD, Tobler PN, Schultz W. Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science 2003, 299:1898-1902.
81. Hsu M, Krajbich I, Zhao C, Camerer CF. Neural response to reward anticipation under risk is nonlinear in probabilities. J Neurosci 2009, 29:2231-2237.
82. Huettel SA, Song AW, McCarthy G. Decisions under uncertainty: probabilistic context influences activation of prefrontal and parietal cortices. J Neurosci 2005, 25:3304-3311.
83. Huettel SA, Stowe CJ, Gordon EM, Warner BT, Platt ML. Neural signatures of economic preferences for risk and ambiguity. Neuron 2006, 49:765-775.
84. Preuschoff K, Quartz SR, Bossaerts P. Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk. J Neurosci 2008, 28:2745-2752.
85. Huettel SA. Behavioral, but not reward, risk modulates activation of prefrontal, parietal, and insular cortices. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2006, 6:141-151.
86. Behrens TEJ,Woolrich MW, Walton ME, Rushworth MFS. Learning the value of information in an uncertain world. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:1214-1221.
87. Damasio AR, Everitt BJ, Bishop D. The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex [Discussion]. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1996, 351:1413-1420.
88. Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio AR. Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2000, 10:295-307.
89. Paulus MP, Rogalsky C, Simmons A, Feinstein JS, Stein MB. Increased activation in the right insula during risk-taking decision making is related to harm avoidance and neuroticism. Neuroimage 2003, 19:1439-1448.
90. Kuhnen CM, Knutson B. The neural basis of financial risk taking. Neuron 2005, 47:763-770.
91. Ellsberg D. Risk, ambiguity, and the Savage axioms. Q J Econ 1961, 75:643-669.
92. Hsu M, Bhatt M, Adolphs R, Tranel D, Camerer CF. Neural systems responding to degrees of uncertainty in human decision-making. Science 2005, 310:1680-1683.
93. O'Doherty J, Kringelbach ML, Rolls ET, Hornak J, Andrews C. Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 2001, 4:95-102.
94. Kringelbach ML, Rolls ET. The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Prog Neurobiol 2004, 72:341-372.
95. Bach DR, Seymour B, Dolan RJ. Neural activity associated with the passive prediction of ambiguity and risk for aversive events. J Neurosci 2009, 29:1648-1656.
96. McClure SM, Ericson KM, Laibson DI, Loewenstein G, Cohen JD. Time discounting for primary rewards. J Neurosci 2007, 27:5796-5804.
97. McClure SM, Laibson DI, Loewenstein G, Cohen JD. Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science 2004, 306:503-507.
98. Kable JW, Glimcher PW. The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:1625-1633.
99. Luhmann CC, Chun MM, Yi D-J, Lee D, Wang X-J. Neural dissociation of delay and uncertainty in intertemporal choice. J Neurosci 2008, 28:14459-14466.
100. Gregorios-Pippas L, Tobler PN, Schultz W. Shortterm temporal discounting of reward value in human ventral striatum. J Neurophysiol 2009, 101:1507-1523.
101. Von Neumann J, Morgenstern O. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1944.
102. Singer T, Kiebel SJ, Winston JS, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. Brain responses to the acquired moral status of faces. Neuron 2004, 41:653-662.
103. Rilling J, Gutman D, Zeh T, Pagnoni G, Berns G, et al. A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron 2002, 35:395-405.
104. Sanfey AG, Rilling JK, Aronson JA, Nystrom LE, Cohen JD. The neural basis of economic decisionmaking in the ultimatum game. Science 2003, 300:1755-1758.
105. Tabibnia G, Satpute AB, Lieberman MD. The sunny side of fairness: preference for fairness activates reward circuitry (and disregarding unfairness activates self-control circuitry). Psychol Sci 2008, 19:339-347.
106. Hsu M, Anen C, Quartz SR. The right and the good: distributive justice and neural encoding of equity and efficiency. Science 2008, 320:1092-1095.
107. Knoch D, Pascual-Leone A, Meyer K, Treyer V, Fehr E. Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex. Science 2006, 314:829-832.
108. Tankersley D, Stowe CJ, Huettel SA. Altruism is associated with an increased neural response to agency. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:150-151.
109. de Quervain DJ, Fischbacher U, Treyer V, SchellhammerM, Schnyder U, et al. The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 2004, 305:1254-1258.
110. Seymour B, Singer T, Dolan R. The neurobiology of punishment. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:300-311.
111. Buckholtz JW, Asplund CL, Dux PE, Zald DH, Gore JC, et al. The neural correlates of third-party punishment. Neuron 2008, 60:930-940.
112. Montague PR, Berns GS, Cohen JD, McClure SM, Pagnoni G, et al. Hyperscanning: simultaneous fMRI during linked social interactions. Neuroimage 2002, 16:1159-1164.
113. King-Casas B, Tomlin D, Anen C, Camerer CF, Quartz SR, et al. Getting to know you: reputation and trust in a two-person economic exchange. Science 2005, 308:78-83.
114. Barraclough DJ, Conroy ML, Lee D. Prefrontal cortex and decision making in a mixed-strategy game. Nat Neurosci 2004, 7:404-410.
115. Little AC, Jones BC, Waitt C, Tiddeman BP, Feinberg DR, et al. Symmetry is related to sexual dimorphism in faces: data across culture and species. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e2106.
116. Hayden BY, Parikh PC, Deaner RO, Platt ML. Economic principles motivating social attention in humans. Proc R Soc B 2007, 274:1751-1756.
117. Deaner RO, Khera AV, Platt ML. Monkeys pay per view: adaptive valuation of social images by rhesus macaques. Curr Biol 2005, 15:543-548.
118. Klein JT, Deaner RO, Platt ML. Neural correlates of social target value in macaque parietal cortex. Curr Biol 2008, 18:419-424.
119. Behrens TEJ, Hunt LT, Rushworth MFS. The computation of social behavior. Science 2009, 324:1160-1164.
120. Rudebeck PH, Buckley MJ, Walton ME, Rushworth MFS. A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. Science 2006, 313:1310-1312.
121. Behrens TEJ, Hunt LT, Woolrich MW, Rushworth MFS. Associative learning of social value. Nature 2008, 456:245-249.
122. Lee D. Game theory and neural basis of social decision making. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:404-409.
123. Montague PR, Berns GS. Neural economics and the biological substrates of valuation. Neuron 2002, 36:265-284.
124. Montague PR, King-Casas B. Efficient statistics, common currencies and the problem of reward-harvesting. Trends Cogn Sci 2007, 11:514-519.
125. Knutson B, Rick S, Wirnmer GE, Prelec D, LoewensteinG. Neural predictors of purchases. Neuron 2007, 53:147-156.
126. Plassmann H, O'Doherty J, Rangel A. Orbitofrontal cortex encodes willingness to pay in everyday economic transactions. J Neurosci 2007, 27:9984.
127. Hare TA, O'Doherty J, Camerer CF, Schultz W, Rangel A. Dissociating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the striatum in the computation of goal values and prediction errors. J Neurosci 2008, 28:5623.
128. Hare TA, Camerer CF, Rangel A. Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmpfc valuation system. Science 2009, 324:646-648.
129. Padoa-Schioppa C, Assad JA. Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value. Nature 2006, 441:223-226.
130. Padoa-Schioppa C, Assad JA. The representation of economic value in the orbitofrontal cortex is invariant for changes of menu. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:95-102.
131. Thaler R. Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. J Econ Behav Org 1980, 1:39-60.
132. Tversky A, Kahneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science 1981, 211:453-458.
133. Clithero JA, Smith DV. Reference and preference: how does the brain scale subjective value? Front Hum Neurosci 2009, 3:1-3.
134. Seymour B, McClure SM. Anchors, scales and the relative coding of value in the brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2008, 18:173-178.
135. Knutson B, Wimmer GE, Rick S, Hollon NG, Prelec D, et al. Neural antecedents of the endowment effect. Neuron 2008, 58:814-822.
136. De Martino B, Kumaran D, Holt B, Dolan RJ. The neurobiology of reference-dependent value computation. J Neurosci 2009, 29:3833-3842.
137. De Martino B, Kumaran D, Seymour B, Dolan RJ. Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science 2006, 313:684-687.
138. Venkatraman V, Payne JW, Bettman JR, Luce MF, Huettel SA. Separate neural mechanisms underlie choices and strategic preferences in risky decision making. Neuron 2009, 62:593-602.
139. Chiu PH, Lohrenz TM, Montague PR. Smokers' brains compute, but ignore a fictive error signal in a sequential investment task. Nat Neurosci 2008, 11:514-520.
140. Hayden BY, Pearson JM, Platt ML. Fictive reward signals in the anterior cingulate cortex. Science 2009, 324:948-950.
141. Lohrenz T, McCabe K, Camerer CF, Montague PR. Neural signature of fictive learning signals in a sequential investment task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:9493-9498.
142. Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science 1974, 185:1124-1131.
143. Tom SM, Fox CR, Trepel C, Poldrack RA. The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk. Science 2007, 315:515-518.
144. Mobbs D, Petrovic P, Marchant JL, Hassabis D, Weiskopf N, et al. When fear is near: threat imminence elicits prefrontal-periaqueductal gray shifts in humans. Science 2007, 317:1079-1083.
145. Spitzer M, Fischbacher U, Herrnberger B, Gron G, Fehr E. The neural signature of social norm compliance. Neuron 2007, 56:185-196.
146. Beaver JD, Lawrence AD, van Ditzhuijzen J, Davis MH, Woods A, et al. Individual differences in reward drive predict neural responses to images of food. J Neurosci 2006, 26:5160.
147. Hariri AR. The neurobiology of individual differences in complex behavioral traits. Annu Rev Neurosci 2009, 32:225-247.
148. Frank MJ, Doll BB, Oas-Terpstra J, Moreno F. Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in exploration and exploitation. Nat Neurosci 2009, 12:1062-1068.
149. Boettiger CA, Mitchell JM, Tavares VC, Robertson M, Joslyn G, et al. Immediate reward bias in humans: fronto-parietal networks and a role for the catechol-O-methyltransferase 158(Val/Val) genotype. J Neurosci 2007, 27:14383-14391.
150. Yacubian J, Sommer T, Schroeder K, Glascher J, Kalisch R, et al. Gene-gene interaction associated with neural reward sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:8125-8130.
151. Klein TA, Neumann J, Reuter M, Hennig J, von Cramon DY, et al. Genetically determined differences in learning from errors. Science 2007, 318:1642-1645.
152. Roiser JP, de Martino B, Tan GCY, Kumaran D, Seymour B, et al. A genetically mediated bias in decision making driven by failure of amygdala control. J Neurosci 2009, 29:5985-5991.
153. Krugel LK, Biele G, Mohr PNC, Li S-C, Heekeren HR. Genetic variation in dopaminergic neuromodulation influences the ability to rapidly and flexibly adapt decisions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:17951-17956.
154. Mackay TFC, Stone EA, Ayroles JF. The genetics of quantitative traits: challenges and prospects. Nat Rev Genet 2009, 10:565-577.
155. Meyer-Lindenberg A, Nicodemus KK, Egan MF, Callicott JH, Mattay V, et al. False positives in imaging genetics. Neuroimage 2008, 40:655-661.
156. Meyer-Lindenberg A, Weinberger DR. Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006, 7:818-827.
157. Meyer-Lindenberg A. Neural connectivity as an intermediate phenotype: brain networks under genetic control. Hum Brain Mapp 2009, 30:1938-1946.
158. Kendler KS, Fiske A, Gardner CO, Gatz M. Delineation of two genetic pathways to major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2009, 65:808-811.
159. Esslinger C, Walter H, Kirsch P, Erk S, Schnell K, et al.Neuralmechanisms of a genome-wide supported psychosis variant. Science 2009, 324:605.
160. Vul E, Harris C, Winkielman P, Pashler H. Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition. Perspect Psychol Sci 2009, 4:274-290.
161. Lieberman MD, Berkman ET, Wager TD. Correlations in social neuroscience aren't voodoo: commentary on Vul et al. (2009). Perspect Psychol Sci 2009, 4:299-307.
162. Poldrack RA, Mumford JA. Independence in ROI analysis: where is the voodoo? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2009, 4:208-213.
163. Kriegeskorte N, Simmons WK, Bellgowan PSF, Baker CI. Circular analysis in systems neuroscience: the dangers of double dipping. Nat Neurosci 2009, 12:535-540.
164. Poldrack RA. Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends Cogn Sci 2006, 10:59-63.
165. O'Doherty JP, Dayan P, Schultz J, Deichmann R, Friston K, et al. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 2004, 304:452-454.
166. O'Doherty JP, Buchanan TW, Seymour B, Dolan RJ. Predictive neural coding of reward preference involves dissociable responses in human ventral midbrain and ventral striatum. Neuron 2006, 49:157-166.
167. O'Doherty JP, Hampton A, Kim H. Model-based fMRI and its application to reward learning and decision making. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci 2007, 1104:35-53.
168. Daw ND, Doya K. The computational neurobiology of learning and reward. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006, 16:199-204.
169. Skinner BF. The Behavior of Organisms. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1938.
170. Watson JB. Behaviorism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1930.
171. Sutton RS, Barto AG. Reinforcement Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1998.
172. Rescorla RA,Wagner AR. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In: Black AH, Prokosy WF, eds. Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1972, 64-99.
173. Kahneman D, Tversky A. Choices, values, and frames. Am Psychol 1984, 39:341-350.
174. Gilovich T, Griffin DW, Kahneman D. Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgement. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
175. Racine E, Bar-Ilan O, Illes J. fMRI in the public eye. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005, 6:159-164.
176. Huettel SA, Misiurek J, Jurkowski AJ, McCarthy G. Dynamic and strategic aspects of executive processing. Brain Res 2004, 1000:78-84.
177. Wu CT, Weissman DH, Roberts KC, Woldorff MG. The neural circuitry underlying the executive control of auditory spatial attention. Brain Res 2007, 1134:187-198.
178. Weller JA, Levin IP, Shiv B, Bechara A. Neural correlates of adaptive decision making for risky gains and losses. Psychol Sci 2007, 18:958-964.
179. Camille N, Coricelli G, Sallet J, Pradat-Diehl P, Duhamel J-R, et al. The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret. Science 2004, 304:1167-1170.
180. Sridharan D, Levitin DJ, Menon V. A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:12569-12574.
181. Koechlin E, Ody C, Kouneiher F. The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Science 2003, 302:1181-1185.
182. Ogawa S, Lee TM, Kay AR, Tank DW. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990, 87:9868-9872.
183. Ogawa S, Tank DW, Menon R, Ellermann JM, Kim SG, et al. Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992, 89:5951-5955.
184. Huettel SA, Song AW, McCarthy G. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates; 2009.
185. Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Augath M, Trinath T, Oeltermann A. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature 2001, 412:150-157.
186. Logothetis NK. What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature 2008, 453:869-878.
187. Logothetis NK, Wandell BA. Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annu Rev Physiol 2004, 66:735-769.
188. Hayden BY, Platt ML. Temporal discounting predicts risk sensitivity in rhesus Macaques. Curr Biol 2007, 17:49-53.
189. Delgado MR, Frank RH, Phelps EA. Perceptions of moral character modulate the neural systems of reward during the trust game. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:1611-1618.
190. Daw ND, O'Doherty JP, Dayan P, Seymour B, Dolan RJ. Cortical substrates for exploratory decisions in humans. Nature 2006, 441:876-879.
191. Kennerley SW, Walton ME, Behrens TEJ, Buckley MJ, Rushworth MFS. Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex. Nat Neurosci 2006, 9:940-947.
192. Hayden BY, Nair AC, McCoy AN, Platt ML. Posterior cingulate cortex mediates outcome-contingent allocation of behavior. Neuron 2008, 60:19-25.
193. Phillips PE, Stuber GD, Heien ML, Wightman RM, Carelli RM. Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking. Nature 2003, 422:614-618.
194. Wagner T, Valero-Cabre A, Pascual-Leone A. Noninvasive human brain stimulation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2007, 9:527-565.
195. Fecteau S, Pascual-Leone A, Zald DH, Liguori P, Theoret H, et al. Activation of prefrontal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation reduces appetite for risk during ambiguous decision making. J Neurosci 2007, 27:6212-6218.
196. Fecteau S, Knoch D, Fregni F, Sultani N, Boggio P, et al. Diminishing risk-taking behavior by modulating activity in the prefrontal cortex: a direct current stimulation study. J Neurosci 2007, 27:12500-12505.
197. Knoch D, Nitsche MA, Fischbacher U, Eisenegger C, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Studying the neurobiology of social interactionwith transcranial direct current stimulation- the example of punishing unfairness. Cereb Cortex 2008, 18:1987-1990.
198. Zak PJ, Kurzban R, Matzner WT. Oxytocin is associated with human trustworthiness. Horm Behav 2005, 48:522-527.
199. KosfeldM, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, Fischbacher U, Fehr E. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature 2005, 435:673-676.
200. Crockett MJ, Clark L, Tabibnia G, Lieberman MD, Robbins TW. Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness. Science 2008, 320:1739.
201. Zack M, Poulos CX. A D2 antagonist enhances the rewarding and priming effects of a gambling episode in pathological gamblers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32:1678-1686.
202. Adcock RA, Thangavel A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Knutson B, Gabrieli JDE. Reward-motivated learning: mesolimbic activation precedes memory formation. Neuron 2006, 50:507-517.
203. Fliessbach K,Weber B, Trautner P, Dohmen T, Sunde U, et al. Social comparison affects reward-related brain activity in the human ventral striatum. Science 2007, 318:1305-1308.
204. Camerer CF. The potential of neuroeconomics. Econ Philos 2008, 24:369-379.
205. Harrison GW. Neuroeconomics: a critical reconsideration. Econ Philos 2008, 24:303-344.
206. Gul F, Pesendorfer W. The case for mindless economics. In: Caplin A, Schotter A, eds. Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.
207. Clithero JA, Tankersley D, Huettel SA. Foundations of neuroeconomics: from philosophy to practice. PLoS Biol 2008, 6:2348-2353.
208. Carstensen LL, Mikels JA. At the intersection of emotion and cognition. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2005, 14:117.
209. Samanez-Larkin GR, Gibbs SEB, Khanna K, Nielsen L, Carstensen LL, et al. Anticipation of monetary gain but not loss in healthy older adults. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:787-791.
210. Mikels JA, Reed AE. Monetary losses do not loom large in later life: age differences in the framing effect. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2009, 64B:457-460.