Symmetry is related to sexual dimorphism in faces: Data across culture and species

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 5, 2008, Pages

  Little, Anthony C ^a   Jones, Benedict C ^b   Waitt, Corri ^c   Tiddeman, Bernard P ^d   Feinberg, David R ^e   Perrett, David I ^d   Apicella, Coren L ^f   Marlow, Frank W ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^e MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^f HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FACE ASYMMETRY; FACE PROFILE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MASCULINITY; NONHUMAN; PRIMATE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; ANIMAL; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FACE; GENETICS; HISTOLOGY; MACACA; PHYSIOLOGY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT;

ANIMALIA; PRIMATES;

ANIMALS; CULTURE; FACE; FACIAL ASYMMETRY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MACACA MULATTA; MALE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 47749135899     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002106     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Candolin U (2003) The use of multiple cues in mate choice. Biological Reviews 78: 575-595.
2. Johnstone RA (1996) Multiple displays in animal communication: 'Backup signals' and 'multiple messages'. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 351: 329-338.
3. Manning JT, Chamberlain AT (1993) Fluctuating asymmetry, sexual selection and canine teeth in primates. Proc R Soc Lond B 251: 83-87.
4. Darwin C (1871) The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: John Murray.
5. Fisher RA (1930) The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
6. Ryan MJ, Rand S (1990) The sensory basis of sexual selection for complex calls in the Tungara frog, physalaemus pustulosus (sexual selection for sensory exploitation). Evolution 44: 305-314.
7. Enquist M, Arak A (1993) Selection of exaggerated mail traits by female aesthetic senses. Nature 361: 446-448.
8. Andersson M (1994) Sexual Selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Zahavi A (1975) Mate selection: A selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology 53: 205-214.
10. Grammer K, Fink B, Moller AP, Thornhill R (2003) Darwinian aesthetics: sexual selection and the biology of beauty. Biological Reviews 78: 385-407.
11. Thornhill R, Grammer K (1999) The body and face of woman: One ornament that signals quality? Evolution and Human Behavior 20: 105-120.
12. Feinberg DR, Jones BC, DeBruine LM, Moore FR, Law Smith MJ, et al. (2005) The voice and face of woman: One ornament that signals quality? Evolution and Human Behavior 26: 398-408.
13. Møller AP, Hoglund J (1991) Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in avian feather ornaments: Implications for models of sexual selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 245: 1-5.
14. Petrie M (1994) Improved growth and survival of offspring of peacocks with more elaborate trains. Nature 371: 598-599.
15. Valen LV (1962) A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 16: 125-142.
16. Møller AP (1997) Developmental stability and fitness: A review. American Naturalist 149: 916-942.
17. Blamford A, Thomas A (1993) Swallowing ornamental symmetry. Nature 361: 628.
18. Møller AP (1990) Fluctuating asymmetry in male sexual ornaments may reliably reveal male quality. Animal Behaviour 40: 1185-1187.
19. Manning JT, Scutt D, Lewis-Jones DI (1998) Developmental stability, ejaculate size, and sperm quality in men. Evolution and Human Behavior 19: 273-282.
20. Thornhill R, Gangestad SW (2006) Facial sexual dimorphism, developmental stability, and susceptibility to disease in men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior 27: 131-144.
21. Thornhill R, Gangestad SW (1999) Facial attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3: 452-460.
22. Little AC, Jones BG (2003) Evidence against perceptual bias views for symmetry preferences in human faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 270: 1759-1763.
23. Scheib JE, Gangestad SW, Thornhill R (1999) Facial attractiveness, symmetry, and cues to good genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 266: 1913-1917.
24. Penton-Voak IS, Jones BC, Little AC, Baker S, Tiddeman B, et al. (2001) Symmetry, sexual dimorphism in facial proportions, and male-facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 268: 1617-1623.
25. errett DI, Burt DM, Penton-Voak IS, Lee KJ, Rowland DA, et al. (1999) Symmetry and human facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior 20: 295-307.
26. Little AC, Apicella CL, Marlowe FW (2007) Preferences for symmetry in human faces in two cultures: data from the UK and the Hadza, an isolated group of hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274: 3113-3117.
27. Waitt C, Little AC (2006) Preferences for symmetry in conspecific facial shape among Macaca mulatta. International Journal of Primatology 27: 133-145.
28. Enlow DM (1982) Handbook of Facial Growth. Philadelphia: Saunders.
29. Perrett DI, Lee KJ, Penton-Voak IS, Rowland DR, Yoshikawa S, et al. (1998) Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness. Nature 394: 884-887.
30. Penton-Voak IS, Chen JY (2004) High salivary testosterone is linked to masculine male facial appearance in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior 25: 229-241.
31. Law-Sniith MJ, Perrett DI, Jones BC, Cornwell RE, Moore FR, et al. (2006) Facial appearance is a cue to oestrogen levels in women. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 273: 135-1440.
32. Hillgarth N, Wingfield JC (1997) Testosterone and Immunosuppression in vertebrates: implications for parasite mediated sexual selection. In: Beckage NE, editor. Parasites and Pathogens. New York: Chapman & Hall
33. Folstad I, Karter AJ (1992) Parasites, bright males and the immunocompetence handicap. American Naturalist 139: 603-622.
34. Kanda N, Tsuchida T, Tamaki K (1996) Testosterone inhibits immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 106: 410-415.
35. Rhodes G, Chan J, Zebrowitz LA, Simmons LW (2003) Does sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health? Biology Letters.
36. Mazur A, Booth A (1998) Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 21: 353-371.
37. Grammer K, Thornhill R (1994) Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology 108: 233-242.
38. Little AC, Jones BC, Penton-Voak IS, Burt DM, Perrett DI (2002) Partnership status and the temporal context of relationships influence human female preferences for sexual dimorphism in male face shape. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 269: 1095-1100.
39. Penton-Voak IS, Perrett DI, Castles DL, Kobayashi T, Burt DM, et al. (1999) Menstrual cycle alters face preference. Nature 399: 741-742.
40. Gangestad SW, Thornhill R (2003) Facial masculinity and fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior 24: 231-241.
41. Koehler N, Simmons LW, Rhodes G, Peters M (2004) The relationship between sexual dimorphism in human faces and fluctuating asymmetry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271: S233-S236.
42. Palmer AR, Strobeck G (1997) Fluctuating asymmetry and developmental stability: Heritability of observable variation vs. heritability of inferred cause. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10: 39-49.
43. Tiddeman BP, Burt DM, Perrett DI (2001) Prototyping and transforming facial texture for perception research. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 21: 42-50.
44. Benson PJ, Perrett DI (1993) Extracting prototypical facial images from exemplars. Perception 22: 257-262.
45. Borod JC, Caron HS, Koff E (1981) Asymmetry of facial expression related to handedness, footedness, and eyedness: a quantitative study. Cortex 17: 381-390.
46. Changizi MA, Zhang Q Shimoj S (In Press) Bare skin, blood and the evolution of primate colour vision. Biology Letters.
47. Bardin CW, Catterall JF (1981) Testosterone-a Major Determinant of Extra-Genital Sexual Dimorphism. Science 211: 1285-1294.
48. Parsons PA (1992) Fluctuating asymmetry: A biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress. Heredity 68: 361-364.
49. Hamilton WD, Zuk M (1982) Heritable true fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites? Science 218: 384-387.
50. Roberts ML, Buchanan KL, Evans MR (2004) Testing the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis: a review of the evidence. Animal Behaviour 68: 227-239.
51. Getty T (2002) Signaling health versus parasites. American Naturalist 159: 363-371.
52. Gray PB, Marlowe F (2002) Fluctuating asymmetry of a foraging population: the Hadza of Tanzania. Annals of Human Biology 29: 495-501.
53. Service RF (1998) New role for estrogen in cancer? Science 279: 1631-1633.
54. Alexander J, Simson VVH (1988) Sex hormones and the course of parasitic infection. Parasitology Today 4: 189-193.
55. Enquist M, Arak A (1994) Symmetry, Beauty and evolution. Nature 372: 169-172.
56. Johnstone RA (1994) Female preference for symmetrical males as a by-product of selection for mate recognition. Nature 372: 172-175.