Environmental endocrine disruptors: Does a sex-related susceptibility exist?

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 16, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 2478-2498

  Bulzomi, Pamela ^a   Marino, Maria ^a  

^a ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

Androgen; Androgen receptor; Endocrine disruptors; Estrogen; Estrogen receptors; Gender differences; Plant derived flavonoids; Review; Signal transduction pathways

Indexed keywords

VERTEBRATA;

ANDROGEN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; MALE; NEOPLASM; NERVOUS SYSTEM; PHYSIOLOGY; POLLUTANT; REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANDROGENS; ANIMALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEOPLASMS; NERVOUS SYSTEM; RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; REPRODUCTION; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

EID: 79954582535     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3867     Document Type: Article

References (197)

1. DF Swaab: Sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol 21, 431-444 (2007) (Pubitemid 47387101)
2. J Bakker, C De Mees, Q Douhard, J Balthazart, P Gabant, J Szpirer, C Szpirer: α-fetoprotein protects the developing female mouse brain from masculinization and defeminization by estrogens. Nat Neurosc 9, 220-226 (2006) (Pubitemid 43164545)
3. FS Greenspan, DG Gardner: Basic & Clinical Endocrinology, 7th Edition McGraw-Hill Ed. New York, USA (2004)
4. T Colborn, D Dumanoski, JP Myers: Our Stolen Future. Peguin Books, New York, USA (1996)
5. E Diamanti-Kandarakis, JP Bourguignon, LC Giudice, R Hauser, GS Prins, AM Soto, RT Zoeller, AC Gore: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 30, 293-342 (2009)
6. M Marino, GM Mita: The endocrine disruptors. M Marino and GM Mita Eds, Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India (2007)
7. F Virgili, M Marino: Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 45, 1205-1216 (2008)
8. K Ueda: Effect of environmental chemicals on the genes and the gene expression. Yakugaku Zasshi 12, 1501-1506 (2009)
9. K Chiam, WDTilley, LM Butler, T Bianco-Miotto: The dynamic and static modification of the epigenome by hormones: a role in the developmental origin of hormone related cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1795, 104-109 (2009)
10. WR Kelce, CR Stone, SC Laws, LE Gray, JA Kemppainen, EM Wilson: Persistent DDT metabolite p,p'- DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Nature 375, 581-585 (1995)
11. CL Portigal, SP Cowell, MN Fedoruk, CM Butler, PS Rennie, CC Nelson: Polychlorinated biphenyls interfere with androgen-induced transcriptional activation and hormone binding. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179, 185-194 (2002) (Pubitemid 34275961)
12. P Bulzomi, A Bolli, P Galluzzo, S Leone, F Acconcia, M Marino: Naringenin and 17β-estradiol coadministration prevents hormone-induced human cancer cell growth. IUBMB Life 62, 51-60 (2010)
13. AW Norman, G Litwack: Hormones. Academic Press, San Diego, USA (1997)
14. M Littleton-Kearney, PD Hurn: Testosterone as a modulator of vascular behavior. Biol Res Nurs 5, 276-285 (2004)
15. EM Wilson, FS French: Binding properties of androgen receptors. Evidence for identical receptors in rat testis, epididymis, and prostate. J Biol Chem 251, 5620-5629 (1976)
16. LK Beitel, L Prior, DM Vasiliou, B Gottlieb, M Kaufman, R Lumbroso, C Alvarado, B McGillivray, M Trifiro, L Pinsky: Complete androgen insensitivity due to mutations in the probable alpha-helical segments of the DNA-binding domain in the human androgen receptor. Hum Mol Genet 3, 21-27 (1994)
17. F Wannenes, M Caprio, L Gatta, A Fabbri, S Bonini, C Moretti: Androgen receptor expression during C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 292, 11-19 (2008)
18. U Srinivas-Shankar, FC Wu: Frailty and muscle function: role for testosterone? Front Horm Res 37, 133-149 (2009)
19. A Ulubaev, DM Lee, N Purandare, N Pendleton, FC Wu: Activational effects of sex hormones on cognition in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71, 607-623 (2009)
20. BL Clarke, S Khosla: Androgens and bone. Steroids 74, 296-305 (2009)
21. NN Sarkar: Hormonal profiles behind the heart of a man. Cardiol J 16, 300-306 (2009)
22. SR Setlur, MA Rubin: Current thoughts on the role of the androgen receptor and prostate cancer progression. Adv Anat Pathol 12, 265-270 (2005) (Pubitemid 41463807)
23. PA Berry, NJ Maitland, AT Collins: Androgen receptor signalling in prostate: Effects of stromal factors on normal and cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 288, 30-37 (2008)
24. Y Shang, M Myers, M Brown: Formation of the androgen receptor transcription complex. Mol Cell 9, 601-610 (2002) (Pubitemid 34273790)
25. CE Massie, B Adryan, NL Barbosa-Morais, AG Lynch, MG Tran, DE Neal, IG Mills: New androgen receptor genomic targets show an interaction with the ETS1 transcription factor. EMBO Rep 8, 871-878 (2007) (Pubitemid 350001432)
26. Q Wang, W Li, XS Liu, JS Carroll, OA Janne, E Krasnickas Keeton, AM Chinnaiyan, KJ Pienta, M Brown: A hierarchical network of transcription factors governs androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer growth. Mol Cell 27, 380-392 (2007) (Pubitemid 47126935)
27. M Wehling: Specific, nongenomic actions of steroid hormones. Annu Rev Physiol 59, 365-393 (1997) (Pubitemid 27142447)
28. BD Sachs, RE Leipheimer: Rapid effect of testosterone on striated muscle activity in rats. Neuroendocrinol 48, 453-458 (1988) (Pubitemid 18261609)
29. HC Christian, NJ Rolls, JF Morris: Non genomic actions of testosterone on a subset of lactotrophs in the male rat pituitary. Endocrinology 141, 3111-3119 (2000) (Pubitemid 32268998)
30. E Falkenstein, HC Tillmann, M Christ, M Feuring, M Wehling: Multiple actions of steroid hormones - a focus on rapid, nongenomic effects. Pharmacol Rev 52, 513-556 (2000)
31. G Michels, F Er, M Eicks, S Herzig, UC Hoppe: Longterm and immediate effect of testosterone on single T-type calcium channel in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Endocrinology 147, 5160-5169 (2006) (Pubitemid 44790570)
32. A Revelli, M Massobrio, J Tesarik: Nongenomic actions of steroid hormones in reproductive tissues. Endocr Rev 19, 3-17 (1998) (Pubitemid 29122072)
33. 2+ sparks: acute actions antagonize chronic effects. Cell Calcium 41, 467-477 (2007) (Pubitemid 46404811)
34. G Michels, UC Hoppe: Rapid actions of androgens. Front Neuroendocrinol 29, 182-198 (2008)
35. S Kousteni, Bellido, LI Plotkin, CA O'Brien, DL Bodenner, L Han, K Han, GB DiGregorio, JA Katzenellenbogen, BS Katzenellenbogen, PK Roberson, RS Weinstein, RL Jilka, SC Manolagas: Non genotropic, sexnonspecific signaling through the estrogen or androgen receptors: dissociation from transcriptional activity. Cell 104, 719-730 (2001) (Pubitemid 32241022)
36. M Ricote, I Garcia-Tunon, B Fraile, C Fernandez, P Aller, R Paniagua, M Royuela: P38 MAPK protects against TNF-α provoked apoptosis in LNCaP prostatic cancer cells. Apoptosis 11 1969-1975 (2006) (Pubitemid 44691580)
37. H Peterziel, S Mink, A Schonert, M Becker, H Klocker, AC Cato: Rapid signalling by androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 18, 6322-6329 (1999)
38. Z Guo, WP Benten, J Krucken, F Wunderlich: Nongenomic testosterone calcium signaling. Genotropic actions in androgen receptor-free macrophages. J Biol Chem 277, 29600-29607 (2002) (Pubitemid 41079249)
39. Y Zagar, G Chaumaz, M Lieberherr: Signaling cross-talk from Gβ4 subunit to Elk-1 in the rapid action of androgens. J Biol Chem 279, 2403-2413 (2004) (Pubitemid 38114223)
40. M Estrada, A Espinosa, M Muller, E Jaimovich: Testosterone stimulates intracellular calcium release and mitogen-activated protein kinases via a G proteincoupled receptor in skeletal muscle cells. Endocrinology 144, 3586-3597 (2003) (Pubitemid 36904438)
41. A Pedram, M Razandi, RC Sainson, JK Kim, CC Hughes, ER Levin: A conserved mechanism for steroid receptor translocation to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 282, 22278-22288 (2007) (Pubitemid 47267344)
42. LB Lutz, M Jamnongjit, WH Yang, D Jahani, A Gill, SR Hammes: Selective modulation of genomic and non genomic androgen responses by androgen receptor ligands. Mol Endocrinol 17, 1106-1116 (2003) (Pubitemid 36683718)
43. ME Mendelsohn: Mechanisms of estrogen action in the cardiovascular system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 74, 337-343 (2000) (Pubitemid 32140406)
44. V Pallottini, P Bulzomi, P Galluzzo, C Martini, M Marino: Estrogen regulation of adipose tissue functions: involvement of estrogen receptor isoforms. Infect Disord Drug Targets 8, 52-60 (2008) (Pubitemid 351688295)
45. P Galluzzo, F Caiazza, S Moreno, M Marino: Role of ERbeta palmitoylation in the inhibition of human colon cancer cell proliferation. Endo-Relat Cancer 14, 153-167 (2007) (Pubitemid 47526997)
46. BJ Deroo, KS Korach: Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 116, 561-570 (2006) (Pubitemid 43326860)
47. P Ascenzi, A Bocedi, M Marino: Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor alpha and beta: impact on human health. Mol Aspects Med 27, 299-402 (2006) (Pubitemid 44255847)
48. P Galluzzo, C Rastelli, P Bulzomi, F Acconcia, V Pallottini, M Marino: 17β-Estradiol regulates the first steps of skeletal muscle cell differentiation via ER-alphamediated signals. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297, C1249-C1262 (2009)
49. RA Gorski: Sexual dimorphisms of the brain. J Anim Sci 61, 38-61 (1985)
50. B Cooke, CD Hegstrom, LS Villeneuve, SM Breedlove: Sexual differentiation of the vertebrate brain: principles and mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 19, 323-362 (1998) (Pubitemid 28487799)
51. RB Simerly: Organization and regulation of sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways. Behav Brain Res 92, 195-203 (1998) (Pubitemid 28223590)
52. RB Simerly: Wired for reproduction: organization and development of sexually dimorphic circuits in the mammalian forebrain. Annu Rev Neurosci 25, 507-536 (2002) (Pubitemid 34748027)
53. BW O'Malley: A life-long search for the molecular pathways of steroid hormone action. Mol Endocrinol 19, 1402-1411 (2005)
54. L Klein-Hitpass, M Schorpp, U Wagner, GU Ryffel: An estrogen-responsive element derived from the 50 flanking region of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene functions in transfected human cells. Cell 46, 1053-1061 (1986) (Pubitemid 17182729)
55. R O'Lone, MC Frith, EK Karlsson, U Hansen: Genomic targets of nuclear estrogen receptors. Mol Endocrinol 18, 1859-1875 (2004) (Pubitemid 39022608)
56. NJ McKenna, BW O'Malley: Combinatorial control of gene expression by nuclear receptors and coregulators. Cell 108, 465-474 (2002) (Pubitemid 34260872)
57. CL Smith, BW O'Malley: Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators. Endocr Rev 25, 45-71 (2004) (Pubitemid 38292038)
58. CG Castles, S Oesterreich, R Hansen, SA Fuqua: Autoregulation of the estrogen receptor promoter. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 62, 155-163 (1997)
59. EA Vladusic, AE Hornby, FK Guerra-Vladusic, R Lupu: Expression of estrogen receptor β messenger RNA variant in breast cancer. Cancer Res 58, 210-214 (1998) (Pubitemid 28047055)
60. F Caiazza, P Galluzzo, S Lorenzetti, M Marino: 17β- estradiol induces ERβ up-regulation via p38/MAPK activation in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 359, 102-107 (2007) (Pubitemid 46839219)
61. P Morley, JF Whitfield, BC Vanderhyden, BK Tsang, JL Schwartz: A new, nongenomic estrogen action: the rapid release of intracellular calcium. Endocrinology. 131, 1305-1312 (1992)
62. M Marino, V Pallottini, A Trentalance: Estrogens cause rapid activation of IP3-PKC-α signal transduction pathway in HEPG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245, 254-258 (1998) (Pubitemid 28414280)
63. M Marino, E Distefano, A Trentalance, CL Smith: Estradiol induced IP3 mediate the estrogen receptor activity expressed in human cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 182, 19-26. (2001) (Pubitemid 32743438)
64. RM Losel, E Falkenstain, M Feuring, A Schultz, HC Tillmann, K Rossol-Haseroth, M Wehling: Nongenomic steroid action: controversies, questions, and answers. Physiol Rev 83, 965-1016 (2003) (Pubitemid 36828929)
65. M Marino, F Acconcia, F Bresciani, A Weisz, A Trentalance: Distinct nongenomic signal transduction pathways controlled by 17β-estradiol regulate DNA synthesis and cyclin D1 gene transcription in HepG2 cells. Mol Biol Cell 13, 3720-3729 (2002) (Pubitemid 35191387)
66. ER Levin: Integration of the extra-nuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen. Mol Endocrinol 19, 1951-1959 (2005) (Pubitemid 41124194)
67. F Acconcia, P Ascenzi, A Bocedi, E Spisni, V Tomasi, A Trentalance, P Visca, M Marino: Palmitoylation-dependent estrogen receptor α membrane localization: regulation by 17β-estradiol. Mol Biol Cell 16, 231-237 (2005) (Pubitemid 40028339)
68. M Marino, P Ascenzi: Membrane association of estrogen receptor alpha and beta influences 17β- estradiol-mediated cancer cell proliferation. Steroids 73, 853-858 (2008)
69. M Marino, F Acconcia, P Ascenzi: Estrogen receptor signalling: Bases for drug actions. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 5, 305-314 (2005) (Pubitemid 41135807)
70. F Acconcia, P Totta, S Ogawa, I Cardillo, S Inoue, S Leone, A Trentalance, M Muramatsu, M Marino: Survival versus apoptotic 17β-estradiol effect: role of ERα and ERβ activated nongenomic signalling. J Cell Physiol 203, 193-201 (2005) (Pubitemid 40330938)
71. MC Farach-Carson, PJ Davis: Steroid hormone interactions with target cells: cross talk between membrane and nuclear pathways. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 30, 839-845 (2003) (Pubitemid 37494199)
72. S Kousteni, L Han, JR Chen, M Almeida, LI Plotkin, T Bellido, SC Manolagas: Kinase mediated regulation of common transcription factors accounts for the bone protective effects of sex steroids. J Clin Invest 111, 1651-1664 (2003) (Pubitemid 38057747)
73. S Kousteni, JR Chen, T Bellido, L Han, AA Ali, CA O'Brien, L Plotkin, Q Fu, AT Mancino, Y Wen, AM Vertino, CC Powers, SA Stewart, R Ebert, AM Parfitt, RS Weinstein, RL Jilka, SC Manolagas: Reversal of bone loss in mice by nongenotropic signaling of sex steroids. Science 298, 843-846 (2002) (Pubitemid 35231540)
74. KM Manolagas, S Kousteni, RL Jilka: Sex steroids and bone. Recent Prog Horm Res 57, 385-409 (2002)
75. M Marino, E Distefano, V Pallottini, S Caporali, G Bruscalupi, A Trentalance: Activation of IP3-protein kinase C-α signal transduction pathway precedes the changes of plasma cholesterol, hepatic lipid metabolism and induction of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in 17β- oestradiol- treated rats. Exp Physiol 86, 39-45 (2001) (Pubitemid 32162298)
76. E Distefano, M Marino, JA Gillette, B Hanstein, V Pallottini, J Bruning, W Krone, A Trentalance: Role of tyrosine kinase signaling in estrogen-induced LDL receptor gene expression in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1580, 145-149 (2002) (Pubitemid 34203869)
77. T Simoncini, A Hafezi-Moghadam, DP Brazil, K Ley, WW Chin, JK Liao: Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase. Nature 407, 538-541 (2000)
78. KL Chambliss, PW Shaul: Rapid activation of endothelial NO synthase by estrogen: evidence for a steroid receptor fastaction complex (SRFC) in caveolae Steroids 67, 413-419 (2002) (Pubitemid 34311755)
79. ZC Dang, C Lowik: Dose-dependent effects of phytoestrogens on bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 16, 207-213 (2005) (Pubitemid 40853883)
80. A Strom, J Hartman, JS Foster, S Kietz, J Wimalasena, J-Å Gustafsson: Estrogen receptor β inhibits 17-β-estradiolstimulated proliferation of the breast cancer cell line T47D. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 1566-1571 (2004) (Pubitemid 38236167)
81. Z Weihua, S Andersson, G Cheng, ER Simpson, M Warner, J-Å Gustafsson: Update on estrogen signaling. FEBS Lett 546, 17-24 (2003) (Pubitemid 36789762)
82. R Poulin, J Simard, C Labrie, L Petitclerc, M Dumont, L Lagace, F Labrie: Down-regulation of estrogen receptors by androgens in the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. Endocrinology 125, 392-399 (1989) (Pubitemid 19182686)
83. LG Parks, JS Ostby, CR Lambright, BD Abbott, GR Klinefelter, NJ Barlow, LE Jr. Gray: The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicol Sci 58, 339-349 (2000) (Pubitemid 32042432)
84. S Yeh, YC Hu, M Rahman, HK Lin, CL Hsu, HJ Ting, HY Kang, C Chang: Increase of androgeninduced cell death and androgen receptor transactivation by BRCA1 in prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 11256-11261 (2000)
85. S Fan, J Wang, R Yuan, Y Ma, Q Meng, MR Erdos, RG Pestell, F Yuan, K J Auborn, ID Goldberg, EM Rosen: BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling in transfected cells. Science 284, 1354-1356 (1999) (Pubitemid 29289660)
86. L Zheng, LA Annab, CA Afshari, WH Lee, TG Boyer: BRCA1 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional repression of the estrogen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 9587-9592 (2001) (Pubitemid 32769347)
87. SN Birrell, LM ButleR, JM Harris, G Buchanan, WD Tilley: Disruption of androgen receptor signaling by synthetic progestins may increase risk of developing breast cancer. FASEB J 21, 2285-2293 (2007) (Pubitemid 47230658)
88. SH McNutt, P Purwin, C Murray: Vulvovaginitis in swine. J Amer Veterinary Medical Ass 73, 484 (1928)
89. T Colborn, FS Vom Saal, AM Soto: Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect 101, 378-384 (1993) (Pubitemid 23343683)
90. MF Vine, L Stein, K Weigle, J Schroeder, D Degnan, CKTse, C Hanchette, L Backer: Effects on the immune system associated with living near a pesticide dump site. Environ Health Perspect 108, 1113-1124 (2000) (Pubitemid 32049096)
91. S Markman, S Leitner, C Catchpole, S Barnsley, CT Muller, D Pascoe, KL Buchanan: Pollutants increase song complexity and the volume of the brain area HVC in a songbird. PLoS ONE 3, e1674 (2008)
92. PM Lind, A Bergman, M Olsson, J Orberg: Bone mineral density in male Baltic seal (Halichoerus grypus) Ambio 32, 385-388 (2003) (Pubitemid 37261605)
93. PM Lind, MR Milnes, R Lundberg, D Bermudez, J Orberg, LJ Guillette: Abnormal bone composition in female juvenile American alligators from a pesticide-polluted lake (Lake Apopka, Florida) Environ Health Perspect 112, 359-362 (2004) (Pubitemid 38351400)
94. GA Fox, R Lundberg, C Wejhededen, L Lind, S Larsson, J Orberg, PM Lind: Health of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in relation to breeding location in the early 1990s. III. Effects on the bone tissue. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 71, 1-9 (2008)
95. SAB Hermsen, S Larsson, A Arima, A Muneoka, T Ihara, H Sumida, T Fukusato, S Kubota, M Yasuda, PM Lind: In utero, lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) affects bone tissue in rhesus monkeys. Toxicol 253, 147-152 (2008)
96. L Hansen: Stepping backward to improve assessment of PCB congener toxicities. Environ Health Perspect 106, 171-189 (1998) (Pubitemid 28196043)
97. P Langer, M Tajtakova, G Fodor, A Kocan, P Bohov, J Michalek, A Kreze: Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls. Eur J Endocrinol 139, 402-409 (1998) (Pubitemid 28494084)
98. E Diamanti-Kandarakis, E Palioura, SA Kandarakis, M Koutsilieris: The impact of endocrine disruptors on endocrine targets. Horm Metab Res 42, 543-552 (2010)
99. RR Newbold, E Padilla-Banks, RJ Snyder, TM Phillips, WN Jefferson: Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors and the obesity epidemic. Reprod Toxicol 23, 290-296 (2007) (Pubitemid 46628873)
100. SE Fenton: Endocrine-disrupting compounds and mammary gland development: early exposure and later life consequences. Endocrinology 147, S18-S24 (2006) (Pubitemid 43764586)
101. R Moral, R Wang, IH Russo, CA Lamartiniere, J Pereira, J Russo: Effect of prenatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A on mammary gland morphology and gene expression signature. J Endocrinol 196, 101-112 (2008) (Pubitemid 351234575)
102. PM Lind, J Orberg, UB Edlund, L Sjoblom, L Lind: The dioxin-like pollutant PCB 126 (3,30,4,40,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease in female rats. Toxicol Lett 150, 293-299 (2004) (Pubitemid 38510581)
103. MH Ha, DH Lee, DR Jacobs: Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and self-reported cardiovascular disease prevalence: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. Environ Health Perspect 115, 1204-1209 (2007)
104. ED Clotfelter, AM Bell, KR Levering: The role of animal behaviour in the study of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Anim Behav 68, 665-676 (2004) (Pubitemid 39348046)
105. MA Ottinger, ET Lavoie, M Abdelnabi, MJ Jr Quinn, A Marcell, K Dean: An overview of dioxin-like compounds, PCB, and pesticide exposures associated with sexual differentiation of neuroendocrine systems, fluctuating asymmetry, and behavioral effects in birds. J Environ Sci Health -C- Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 27, 286-300 (2009)
106. HB Patisaul, EK Polston: Influence of endocrine active compounds on the developing rodent brain. Brain Res Rev 57, 352-362 (2008) (Pubitemid 351381768)
107. SA Ferguson, AC Scallet, KM Flynn, JM Meredith, BA Schwetz: Developmental neurotoxicity of endocrine disrupters: focus on estrogens. Neurotoxicol 21, 947-956 (2000) (Pubitemid 32172146)
108. MJ Sickel, MM McCarthy: Calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity is a marker for a subdivision of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the rat: developmental profile and gonadal steroid modulation. J Neuroendocrinol 12, 397-402 (2000) (Pubitemid 30223985)
109. T Lund, RW Rhees, KD Setchell, ED Lephart: Altered sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDNPOA) volume in adult Long-Evans rats by dietary soy phytoestrogens. Brain Res 914, 92-99 (2001) (Pubitemid 32905435)
110. HB Patisaul, AE Fortino, EK Polston: Differential disruption of nuclear volume and neuronal phenotype in the preoptic area by neonatal exposure to genistein and bisphenol-A. Neurotoxicol 28, 1-12 (2007) (Pubitemid 46187271)
111. HB Patisaul, AE Fortino, EK Polston: Neonatal genistein or Bisphenol-A exposure alters sexual differentiation of the AVPV. Neurotoxicol Teratol 28, 111-118 (2006) (Pubitemid 43256703)
112. T Kouki, M Kishitake, M Okamoto, I Osuka, M Takebe, K Yamanouchi: Effects of neonatal treatment with phytoestrogens, genistein and daidzein, on sex difference in female rat brain function: estrous cycle and lordosis. Horm Behav 44, 140-145 (2003) (Pubitemid 37108636)
113. K Nguon, B Ladd, MG Baxter, EM Sajdel-Sulkowska: Sexual dimorphism in cerebellar structure, function, and response to environmental perturbations Prog Brain Res 148, 341-51(2005)
114. HW Erhard, SM Rhind: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental pollutants in sewage sludge alters emotional reactivity and exploratory behaviour in sheep. Sci Total Environ 332, 101-108 (2004) (Pubitemid 39164714)
115. L Gioiosa, E Fissore, G Ghirardelli, S Parmigiani, P Palanza: Developmental exposure to low-dose estrogenic endocrine disruptors alters sex differences in exploration and emotional responses in mice. Horm Behav 52, 307-316 (2007) (Pubitemid 47267910)
116. SH Swan, KM Main, F Liu, SL Stewart, RL Kruse, AM Calafat, CS Mao, JB Redmon, CL Ternand, S Sullivan, JL Teague: Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect 113, 1056-1061 (2005) (Pubitemid 41149638)
117. K Marsee, TJ Woodruff, DA Axelrad, AM Calafat, SH Swan: Estimated daily phthalate exposures in a population of mothers of male infants exhibiting reduced anogenital distance. Environ Health Perspect 114, 805-809 (2006) (Pubitemid 43871725)
118. KM Main, GK Mortensen, MM Kaleva, KA Boisen, IN Damgaard, M Chellakooty, IM Schmidt, AM Suomi, HE Virtanen, DV Petersen, AM Andersson, J Toppari, NE Skakkebaek: Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Environ Health Perspect 114, 270-276 (2006) (Pubitemid 43193651)
119. G Pan, T Hanaoka, M Yoshimura, S Zhang, P Wang, H Tsukino, K Inoue, H Nakazawa, S Tsugane, K Takahashi: Decreased serum free testosterone in workers exposed to high levels of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): a cross-sectional study in china. Environ Health Perspect 114, 1643-1648 (2006) (Pubitemid 44718267)
120. JR Roy, S Chakraborty, TR Chakraborty: Estrogenlike endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting puberty in humans -a review. Med Sci Monit 15, 137-145 (2009)
121. TE Stoker, SC Laws, DL Guidici, RL Cooper: The effect of atrazine on puberty in male wistar rats: an evaluation in the protocol for the assessment of pubertal development and thyroid function. Toxicol Sci 58, 50-59 (2000)
122. ED Hond, HA Roels, K Hoppenbrouwers, T Nawrot, L Thijs, C Vandermeulen, G Winneke, D Vanderschueren, JA Staessen: Sexual maturation in relation to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons: Sharpe and Skakkebaek's hypothesis revisited. Environ Health Perspect 110, 771-776 (2002)
123. WHO position statement: The use of DDT in malaria vector control, Global Malaria Programme (2007)
124. KL Howdeshell, CV Rider, VS Wilson, LE Jr Gray: Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats. Environ Res 108, 168-176 (2008)
125. O Vasiliu, J Muttineni, W Karmaus: In utero exposure to organochlorines and age at menarche. Hum Reprod 19, 1506-1512 (2004) (Pubitemid 38997172)
126. HM Blanck, M Marcus, PE Tolbert, C Rubin, AK Henderson, VS Hertzberg, RH Zhang, L Cameron: Age at menarche and tanner stage in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyl. Epidemiol 11, 641-647 (2000)
127. P Trayhurn, IS Wood: Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Brit J Nutr 92, 347-343 (2004)
128. E Somm, VM Schwitzgebel, A Toulotte, CR Cederroth, C Combescure, S Nef, ML Aubert, PS Hüppi: Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A alters early adipogenesis in the rat. Environ Health Perspect 117, 1549-1555 (2009)
129. H Masuno, T Kidani, K Sekiya, K Sakayama, T Shiosaka, H Yamamoto, K Honda: Bisphenol A in combination with insulin can accelerate the conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. J Lipid Res 43, 676-684 (2002) (Pubitemid 34477893)
130. M Penza, C Montani, A Romani, P Vignolini, B Pampaloni, A Tanini, ML Brandi, P Alonso-Magdalena, A Nadal, L Ottobrini, O Parolini, E Bignotti, S Calza, A Maggi, PG Grigolato, D Di Lorenzo: Genistein affects adipose tissue deposition in a dose-dependent and genderspecific manner. Endocrinology 147, 5740-5751 (2006) (Pubitemid 44833490)
131. JJ Reilly: Descriptive epidemiology and health consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 19, 327-341 (2005) (Pubitemid 41263790)
132. JT Arnold, X Liu, JD Allen, H Le, KK McFann, MR Blackman: Androgen receptor or estrogen receptor-β blockade alters DHEA-, DHT-, and E2-induced proliferation and PSA production in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate 67, 1152-1162 (2007) (Pubitemid 47221883)
133. LC Cho, YH Hsu: Expression of androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in mucinous carcinoma of the breast. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 24, 227-32 (2008)
134. A Jemal, R Siegel, E Ward, Y Hao, J Xu, T Murray, MJ Thun: Cancer Statistics, 2008. CA: A Cancer. J Clinicians 58, 71-96 (2008)
135. GS Prins, L Birch: Neonatal estrogen exposure upregulates estrogen receptor expression in the developing and adult rat prostate lobes. Endocrinology 138, 1801-1809 (1997) (Pubitemid 27180792)
136. E Enmark, M Pelto-Huikko, K Grandien, S Lagercrantz, J Lagercrantz, G Fried, M Nordenskjold, J-Å Gustafsson: Human estrogen receptor β-gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82, 4258-4265 (1997) (Pubitemid 27525550)
137. MM Prince, AM Ruder, MJ Hein, MA Waters, EA Whelan, N Nilsen, EM Ward, TM Schnorr, PA Laber, KE Davis-King: Mortality and exposure response among electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Environm Health Perspect 114, 1508-1514 (2006) (Pubitemid 44509646)
138. MC Alavanja, C Samanic, M Dosemeci, J Lubin, R Tarone, CF Lynch, C Knott, K Thomas, JA Hoppin, J Barker, J Coble, DP Sandler, A Blair: Use of agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer risk in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Am J Epidemiol 157, 800-814 (2003) (Pubitemid 36529420)
139. TE Meyer, AL Coker, M Sanderson, E Symanski: A case-control study of farming and prostate cancer in African-American and Caucasian men. Occup Environ Med 64, 155-160 (2007) (Pubitemid 46579823)
140. G Van Maele-Fabry, V Libotte, J Willems, D Lison: Review and meta-analysis of risk estimates for prostate cancer in pesticide manufacturing workers. Cancer Causes Control 17, 353-373 (2006)
141. KA Usmani, TM Cho, RL Rose, E Hodgson: Inhibition of the human liver microsomal and humancytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A4 metabolism of estradiol by deployment-related and other chemicals. Drug Metab Dispos 34, 1606-1614 (2006) (Pubitemid 44285403)
142. GS Prins, WY Tang, J Belmonte, SM Ho: Perinatal exposure to oestradiol and bisphenol A alters the prostate epigenome and increases susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 102, 134-138 (2008) (Pubitemid 351143423)
143. RA Keri, SM Hob, PA Hunt, KE Knudsen, AM Soto, GS Prins: An evaluation of evidence for the carcinogenic activity of bisphenol A. Reprod Toxicol 24, 240-252 (2007) (Pubitemid 47393608)
144. P Fenichel, F Brucker-Davis: Environmental endocrine disruptors and breast cancer: new risk factors? Gynecol Obstet Fertil 36, 969-977 (2008)
145. C Charlier, A Albert, P Herman, E Hamoir, U Gaspard, M Meurisse, G Plomteux: Breast cancer and serum organochlorine residues. OccupEnviron Med 60, 348-351 (2003) (Pubitemid 36532489)
146. RA Cassidy, S Natarajan, GM Vaughan: The link between the insecticide heptachlor epoxide, estradiol, and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 90, 55-64 (2005) (Pubitemid 40487002)
147. J Ibarluzea Jm, MF Fernández, L Santa-Marina, MF Olea-Serrano, AM Rivas, JJ Aurrekoetxea, J Expósito, M Lorenzo, P Torné, M Villalobos, V Pedraza, AJ Sasco, N Olea: Breast cancer risk and the combined effect of environmental estrogens. Cancer Causes Control 15, 591-600 (2004) (Pubitemid 39070077)
148. CG Woolcott, KJ Aronson, WM Hanna, SK SenGupta, DR McCready, EE Sterns, AB Miller: Organochlorines and breast cancer risk by receptor status, tumor size, and grade (Canada) Cancer Causes Control 12, 395-404 (2001) (Pubitemid 32735132)
149. PM Kris-Etherton, KD Hecker, A Bonanome, SM Coval, AE Binkoski, KF Hilpert, AE Griel, TD Etherton: Bioactive compounds in foods: their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am J Med 113, 71S-88S (2002) (Pubitemid 36151834)
150. U Vij, A Kumar: Phyto-oestrogens and prostatic growth Natl Med J India 17, 22-26 (2004) (Pubitemid 38461227)
151. WG Foster: Endocrine toxicants including 2,3,7,8-terachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin (TCDD) and dioxin-like chemicals and endometriosis: is there a link? J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 11, 177-187 (2008) (Pubitemid 351451259)
152. SA Missmer, SE Hankinson, D Spiegelman, RL Barbieri, KB Michels, DJ
153. PG Signorile, F Baldi, R Bussani, M D'Armiento, M De Falco, A Baldi: Ectopic endometrium in human fetuses is a common event and sustains the theory of mullerianosis in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a disease that predisposes to cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 28, 49-52 (2009)
154. PG Signorile, EP Spugnini EP, L Mita, P Mellone, A D'Avino, M Bianco, N Diano, L Caputo, F Rea, R Viceconte, M Portaccio, E Viggiano, G Citro, R Pierantoni, V Sica, B Vincenzi, DG Mita, F Baldi, A Baldi: Pre-natal exposure of mice to bisphenol A elicits an endometriosislike phenotype in female offspring. Gen Comp Endocrinol 168, 318-325 (2010)
155. SE Rier, WE Turner, DC Martin, R Morris, GW Lucier, GC Clark: Serum levels of TCDD and dioxin-like chemicals in rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to dioxin: Correlation of increased serum PCB levels with endometriosis. Toxicol Sci 59, 147-159 (2001) (Pubitemid 32117991)
156. MM Tabb, B Blumberg: New modes of action for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Mol Endocrinol 20, 475-482 (2006) (Pubitemid 43291202)
157. M Anway, M Skinner: Transgenerational effects of the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin on the prostate transcriptome and adult onset disease. Prostate 68, 515-529 (2008)
158. G Galati, S Teng, MY Moridani, TS Chan, PJ O'Brien: Cancer chemoprevention and apoptosis mechanisms induced by dietary polyphenolics. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 17, 311-349 (2000) (Pubitemid 32047540)
159. M Marino, P Bulzomi: Mechanisms at the Root of Flavonoid Action In Cancer: A Step Toward Solving The Rubik's Cube, In: Flavonoids: Biosynthesis, Biological Effects and Dietary Sources, R.B Keller Ed, Nova Science Publisher, NY, USA 231-248 (2009)
160. EJ Kim, CH Choi, JY Park, SK Kang, YK Kim: Underlying Mechanism of Quercetin-induced Cell Death in Human Glioma Cells. Neurochem Res 33, 971-979 (2008)
161. MD Miller, KM Crofton, DC Rice, RT Zoeller: Thyroid-disrupting chemicals: interpreting upstream biomarkers of adverse outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 117, 1033-1041 (2009)
162. F Grün, B Blumberg: Endocrine disrupters as obesogens. Mol Cell Endocrinol 304, 19-29 (2009)
163. XC Kretschmer, WS Baldwin: CAR and PXR: xenosensors of endocrine disrupters? Chem Biol Interact 155, 111-128 (2005) (Pubitemid 41188357)
164. A di Masi, E De Marinis, P Ascenzi, M Marino: Nuclear receptors CAR and PXR: Molecular, functional, and biomedical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 30, 297-343 (2009)
165. GGJM Kuiper, JG Lemmen, B Carlsson, JC Corton, SH Safe, PT van der Saag, B van der Burg, J-Å Gustafsson: Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor β. Endocrinology 139, 4252-4263 (1998) (Pubitemid 28513713)
166. A Bolli, P Galluzzo, P Ascenzi, G Del Pozzo, I Manco, MT Vietri, L Mita, L Altucci, DG Mita, M Marino: Laccase treatment impairs bisphenol A-induced cancer cell proliferation affecting estrogen receptor α-dependent rapid signals. IUBMB Life 60, 843-852 (2008)
167. YB Wetherill, BT Akingbemi, J Kanno, J A McLachlan, A Nadal, C Sonnenschein, CS Watson, RT Zoeller, SM Belcher: In vitro molecular mechanisms of bisphenol A action. Reprod Toxicol 24, 178-198 (2007) (Pubitemid 47385095)
168. SO Mueller, S Simon, K Chae, M Metzler, KS Korach: Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ in human cells. Toxicol Sci 80, 14-25 (2004) (Pubitemid 38967392)
169. P Totta, F Acconcia, F Virgili, A Cassidy, PD Weinberg, G Rimbach, M Marino: Daidzein-sulfate metabolites affect transcriptional and antiproliferative activities of estrogen receptor beta in cultured human cancer cells. J Nutr 135, 2687-2693 (2005) (Pubitemid 43158411)
170. P Totta, F Acconcia, S Leone, I Cardillo, M Marino: Mechanisms of naringenin-induced apoptotic cascade in cancer cells: involvement of estrogen receptor α and β signalling. IUBMB Life 56, 491-499 (2004) (Pubitemid 39582784)
171. F Virgili, F Acconcia, R Ambra, A Rinna, P Totta, M Marino: Nutritional flavonoids modulate estrogen receptor a signaling. IUBMB Life 56, 145-151 (2004) (Pubitemid 38678570)
172. P Galluzzo, P Ascenzi, P Bulzomi, M Marino: The nutritional flavanone naringenin triggers antiestrogenic effects by regulating estrogen receptor α-palmitoylation. Endocrinology 149, 2567-2575 (2008) (Pubitemid 351577394)
173. DW Singleton, Y Feng, J Yang, A Puga, AV Lee, SA Khan: Gene expression profiling reveals novel regulation by bisphenol-A in estrogen receptor-α-positive human cells. Environ Res 100, 86-92 (2006)
174. A Bolli, P Bulzomi, P Galluzzo, F Acconcia, M Marino: Bisphenol A impairs estradiol-induced protective effects against DLD-1 colon cancer cell growth. IUBMB Life 62, 684-687 (2010)
175. E Swedenborg, I Pongratz: AhR and ARNT modulate ER signaling. Toxicol 268, 132-138 (2010)
176. E Swedenborg, I Pongratz, J-Å Gustafsson: Endocrine disruptors targeting ERβ function. Int J Androl 3, 288-297 (2010)
177. TV Beischlag, J Luis Morales, BD Hollingshead, GH Perdew: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex and the control of gene expression. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 18, 207-250 (2008) (Pubitemid 351620286)
178. C Kohle, KW Bock: Coordinate regulation of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolisms by the Ah receptor and Nrf2. Biochem Pharmacol 73, 1853-1862 (2007) (Pubitemid 46677898)
179. M Abdelrahim, E Ariazi, K Kim, S Khan, R Barhoumi, R Burghardt, S Liu, D Hill, R Finnell, B Wlodarczyk, VC Jordan, S Safe: 3-Methylcholanthrene and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists directly activate estrogen receptor alpha. Cancer Res 66, 2459-2467 (2006)
180. JM Shipley, DJ Waxman: Aryl hydrocarbon receptorindependent activation of estrogen receptor-dependent transcription by 3-methylcholanthrene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213, 87-97 (2006) (Pubitemid 43729927)
181. J Ruegg, E Swedenborg, D Wahlstrom, A Escande, P Balaguer, K Pettersson, I Pongratz: The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator functions as an estrogen receptor beta-selective coactivator, and its recruitment to alternative pathways mediates antiestrogenic effects of dioxin. Mol Endocrinol 22, 304-316 (2008) (Pubitemid 351185933)
182. AM Vinggaard, C Nellemann, M Dalgaard, EB Jørgensen, HR Andersen: Antiandrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo of the fungicide prochloraz. Toxicol Sci 69, 344-353 (2002) (Pubitemid 35244209)
183. AM Vinggaard, S Christiansen, P Laier, ME Poulsen, V Breinholt, K Jarfelt, H Jacobsen, M Dalgaard, C Nellemann, U Hass: Perinatal exposure to the fungicide prochloraz feminizes the male rat offspring. Toxicol Sci 85, 886-897 (2005) (Pubitemid 40846863)
184. AK Hotchkiss, JS Ostby, JG Vandenbergh, LE Jr Gray: An environmental antiandrogen, vinclozolin, alters the organization of play behavior. Physiol Behav. 79, 151-156 (2003) (Pubitemid 36776666)
185. E Monosson, WR Kelce, C Lambright, J Ostby, LE Jr Gray: Peripubertal exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide, vinclozolin, delays puberty, inhibits the development of androgen-dependent tissues, and alters androgen receptor function in the male rat. Toxicol Ind Health 15, 65-79 (1999) (Pubitemid 30484118)
186. F Ren, S Zhang, SH Mitchell, R Butler, CY Young: Tea polyphenols down-regulate the expression of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, Oncogene 19, 1924-1932 (2000) (Pubitemid 30219035)
187. E Pezzato, L Sartor, I Dell'Aica, R Dittadi, M Gion, C Belluco, M Lise, S Garbisa: Prostate carcinoma and green tea: PSA-triggered basement membrane degradation and MMP-2 activation are inhibited by (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Int J Cancer 112, 787-792 (2004) (Pubitemid 39435263)
188. CP Chuu, RY Chen, JM Kokontis, RA Hiipakka, S Liao: Suppression of androgen receptor signaling and prostate specific antigen expression by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in different progression stages of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 275, 86-92 (2009)
189. Y Yamabe, A Hoshino, N Imura, T Suzuki, S Himeno: Enhancement of androgen-dependent transcription and cell proliferation by tributyltin and triphenyltin in human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 169, 177-184 (2000)
190. KH Chuang, YF Lee, WJ Lin, CY Chu, S Altuwaijri, YJ Wan, C Chang: 9-cis-retinoic acid inhibits androgen receptor activity through activation of retinoid X receptor. Mol Endocrinol 19, 1200-1212 (2005) (Pubitemid 40594119)
191. T Nakanishi: Endocrine disruption induced by organotin compounds; organotins function as a powerful agonist for nuclear receptors rather than an aromatase inhibitor. J Toxicol Sci 3, 269-276 (2008)
192. G Bagchi, CH Hurst, DJ Waxman: Interactions of methoxyacetic acid with androgen receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238, 101-110 (2009)
193. SG Selevan, CA Kimmel, P Mendola: Identifying critical windows of exposure for children's health. Enviromen Health Perspect 108, 451-455 (2000) (Pubitemid 30466172)
194. N Rajapakse, E Silva, M Scholze, A Kortenkamp: Deviation from additivity with estrogenic mixtures containing 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol detected in the E-SCREEN assay. Environ Sci Technol 38, 6343-6352 (2004) (Pubitemid 39578649)
195. A Kortenkamp: Ten years of mixing cocktails: a review of combination effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 115, 98-105 (2007)
196. A Escande, A Pillon, N Servant, JP Cravedi, F Larrea, P Muhn, JC Nicolas, V Cavailles, P Balaguer: Evaluation of ligand selectivity using reporter cell lines stably expressing estrogen receptor α or β. Biochem Pharmacol 71, 1459-1469 (2006)
197. GGJM Kuiper, B Carlsson, K Grandien, E Enmark, J Haggblad, S Nilsson, J-Å Gustafsson: Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors α and β. Endocrinology 138, 863-870 (1997) (Pubitemid 27089735)