Entrepreneurial effectiveness of European universities: An empirical assessment of antecedents and trade-offs

Research Policy

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 553-564

  Van Looy, Bart ^a,d   Landoni, Paolo ^b   Callaert, Julie ^a   Van Pottelsberghe, Bruno ^c   Sapsalis, Eleftherios ^c   Debackere, Koenraad ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b POLITECNICO DI MILANO   (Italy)

^c ULB   (Belgium)

^d Katholieke Universiteit Leuven   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Academic Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial effectiveness of Universities; European universities; Technology transfer; University industry relationships

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP; CONTRACT RESEARCH; ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES; EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; ENTREPRENEURIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIVERSITIES; ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION; ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY; EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES; REGIONAL BUSINESS; SCIENTIFIC MISSION; SPIN OFF; TRANSFER MECHANISMS; UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS;

COMMERCE; ECONOMICS; ENGINEERING EDUCATION; PRODUCTIVITY; RESEARCH; SPACE SHUTTLES; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

EID: 79953250201     PISSN: 00487333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.02.001     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Z.J. Acs, L. Anselin, and A. Varga Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge Research Policy 31 2002 1069 1085
2. J. Adams Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth Journal of Political Economy 98 1990 673 702
3. A. Agrawal, and R. Henderson Putting patents in context: exploring knowledge transfer from MIT Management Science 48 1 2001 44 60 (Pubitemid 34434354)
4. L. Anselin, A. Varga, and Z. Acs Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations Journal of Urban Economics 42 3 1997 422 448 (Pubitemid 127341225)
5. K. Arrow Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention R.R. Nelson, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity 1962 Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ 609 625
6. D.B. Audretsch, T. Aldridge, and A. Oettl The knowledge filter and economic growth: the role of scientist entrepreneurship Paper prepared for the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation 2006
7. E. Autio New technology-based firms in innovation networks Research Policy 26 1997 263 281
8. P. Azoulay, W. Ding, and T.E. Stuart The determinants of faculty patenting behavior: demographics or opportunities Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 63 4 2007 599 623
9. W.J. Baumol The Free-Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism 2002 Princeton University Press
10. R. Belderbos, M. Carree, B. Diederen, B. Lokshin, and R. Veugelers Heterogeneity in R&D cooperation strategies International Journal of Industrial Organization 22 8-9 2004 1237 1263
11. J. Bercowitz, M. Feldman, I. Feller, and R. Burton Organizational structure as a determinant of academic patent and licensing behavior: an exploratory study of Duke, Johns Hopkins, and Pennsylvania State University Journal of Technology Transfer 26 2001 21 35 (Pubitemid 33809463)
12. K. Blind, and H. Grupp Interdependencies between the science and technology infrastructure and innovation activities in German regions: empirical findings and policy consequences Research Policy 28 5 1999 451 468 (Pubitemid 129563015)
13. D. Blumenthal, E.G. Campbell, M.S. Anderson, N. Causino, and K.S. Louis Withholding research results in academic life science. Evidence from a national survey of faculty Journal of the American Medical Association 277 15 1997 1224 1228 (Pubitemid 27172746)
14. L.M. Branscomb, F. Kodama, and R. Florida Industrializing Knowledge: University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States 1999 MIT Press London
15. S. Breschi, F. Lissoni, and F. Montobbio From publishing to patenting: do productive scientists turn into academic inventors? Revue d'Economie Industrielle 110 2005 75 102
16. B. Bozeman Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory Research Policy 29 2000 627 655
17. Calderini, M.; Franzoni, C.; 2004. Is academic patenting detrimental to high quality research? An empirical analysis of the relationship between scientific careers and patent applications. Working paper no. 162. CESPRI, University Bocconi, Milan.
18. J. Callaert, B. Van Looy, D. Foray, and K. Debackere Combining the production and the valorization of academic research: a qualitative investigation of enacted mechanisms C. Mazza, P. Quattrone, A. Riccaboni, European Universities in Transition: Issues, Models and Cases 2008 Edward Elgar Publishing (Chapter 7)
19. T.I.D. Campbell, and S. Slaughter Faculty and administrators' attitudes toward potential conflicts of interest, commitment, and equity in university-industry relationships Journal of Higher Education 70 1999 309 352
20. E.G. Carayannis, E.M. Rogers, K. Kurihara, and M.M. Allbritton High technology spin-offs from government RD laboratories and research institutes Technovation 18 1 1998 1 10
21. N. Carayol Academic incentives, research organization and patenting at a large French university Economics of Innovation & New Technology 16 2 2007 119 138
22. N. Carayol, and M. Matt Does research organization influence academic production? Laboratory evidence from a large European university Research Policy 33 2004 1081 1102
23. W. Chapple, A. Lockett, D. Siegel, and M. Wright Assessing the relative performance of U.K. university technology transfer offices: parametric and non-parametric evidence Research Policy 34 3 2005 369 384 (Pubitemid 40612712)
24. H. Chesbrough Open Innovation 2003 Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
25. Chukumba, C.; Jensen, R.; 2005. University invention, entrepreneurship and start-up. NBER Working Paper Series, paper 11475.
26. B.R. Clark Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Transformation 1998 Elsevier Science for IAU Issues in Higher Education Oxford
27. B. Clarysse, M. Wright, A. Lockett, E. van de Elde, and A. Vohora Spinning out new ventures: a typology of incubation strategies from European research institutions Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 183 216 (Pubitemid 39473693)
28. W.M. Cohen, R. Florida, L. Randazzese, and J. Walsh Industry and the academy: uneasy partners in the cause of technological advance R. Noll, Challenges to Research Universities 1998 Brookings Institute Washington
29. L.R. Cohen, and R.G. Noll Privatising public research Scientific American 271 1994 72 77
30. J. Colyvas, M. Crow, A. Gelijns, R. Mazzoleni, R.R. Nelson, N. Rosenberg, and B.N. Sampat How do university inventions get into practice? Management Science 48 2002 61 72 (Pubitemid 34434355)
31. T. Coupé Science is golden: academic, R.; D.; university patents Journal of Technology Transfer 28 1 2003 31 46
32. B. Crawshaw Contract research, the university, and the academic Higher Education 14 6 1985 665 682
33. M. Crespo, and H. Dridi Intensification of university-industry relationships and its impact on academic research Higher Education 54 1 2007 61 84
34. D. Czarnitzki, W. Glänzel, and K. Hussinger Patent and publication activities of German professors: an empirical assessment of their co-activity Research Evaluation 16 4 2007 311 319
35. K. Debackere Managing academic R&D as a business at K.U. Leuven: context, structure and processes R&D Management 30 2000 323 329
36. K. Debackere, and R. Veugelers The role of academic technology transfer organizations in improving industry science links Research Policy 34 4 2005 321 342 (Pubitemid 40612709)
37. P. D'Este, S. Mahdi, and A. Neely Academic entrepreneurship: what are the factors shaping the capacity of academic researchers to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities? Paper presented at Druid Conference, Summer 2009
38. P. D'Este, and P. Patel University-industry linkages in the UK: what are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry? Research Policy 36 9 2007 1295 1313 (Pubitemid 47615127)
39. D.L. Deeds, D. Decarolis, and J.E. Coombs The impact of firm-specific capabilities on the amount of capital raised in an initial public offering: evidence from the biotechnology industry Journal of Business Venturing 12 1 1997 31 46 (Pubitemid 127171116)
40. D. Di Gregorio, and S. Shane Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy 32 2003 209 227
41. European Commission Second European Report on S&T Indicators 1997 1997 European Commission Luxembourg 92-828-0271-X
42. European Commission Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators 2000 European Commission Luxembourg
43. European Commission European Innovation Scoreboard, Commission Staff Working Paper 2002 EC Brussels
44. H. Etzkowitz Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science Minerva 21 2-3 1983 198 233
45. H. Etzkowitz, and L. Leydesdorff Introduction to special issue on science policy dimensions of the triple helix of university-industry-government relations Science and Public Policy 24 1997 2 5 (Pubitemid 127653920)
46. H. Etzkowitz, A. Webster, and P. Healy Capitalizing Knowledge: New Intersections of Industry and Academia 1998 State University of New York Press
47. K.R. Fabrizio, and A. DiMinin Commercializing the laboratory: faculty patenting and the open science environment Research Policy 37 5 2008 914 931
48. D. Faems, M. Janssens, A. Madhok, and B. Van Looy Toward an integrative perspective on alliance governance: connecting contract design, contract application, and trust dynamics Academy of Management Journal 51 6 2008 1053 1078
49. M.M. Fischer, and A. Varga Spatial knowledge spillovers and university research: evidence from Austria Annals of Regional Science 37 2 2003 303 322 (Pubitemid 36762028)
50. M.S. Fogarthy, and A.K. Sinha Why older regions can't generalize from Route 128 and Silicon Valley F. Kodama, L.M. Branscomb, R. Florida, Industrializing Knowledge: University-industry Linkages in Japan and the United States 1999 MIT Press London
51. C. Freeman Technology and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan 1987 Pinter London
52. C. Freeman The economics of technical change: a critical survey article Cambridge Journal of Economics 18 5 1994 463 514
53. J.L. Furman, and R. Hayes Catching up or standing still? National innovative productivity among 'follower' countries, 1978-1999 Research Policy 33 9 2004 1329 1354 (Pubitemid 40785090)
54. J.L. Furman, M.E. Porter, and S. Stern The determinants of national innovative capacity Research Policy 31 2002 899 933
55. H.I. Fusfeld Industrial research - Where it's been, where it's going Research Technology Management 38 1995 52 56
56. A. Geuna, and A. Muscio The governance of university knowledge transfer: a critical review of the literature Minerva 47 1 2009 93 114
57. S.J. Grossman, and O.D. Hart The costs and benefits of ownership: a theory of vertical and lateral integration Journal of Political Economy 94 1986 691 719
58. D. Guellec, and B. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie From R&D to productivity growth: do the institutional settings and the sources of funds of R&D matter? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 66 3 2004 353 376
59. M. Gulbrandsen, and J.C. Smeby Industry funding and university professors' research performance Research Policy 34 2005 932 950 (Pubitemid 41078309)
60. G. Hane Comparing university-industry linkages in the United States and Japan F. Kodama, L.M. Branscomb, R. Florida, Industrializing Knowledge: University-industry Linkages in Japan and the United States 1999 MIT Press London
61. M.A. Heller, and R. Eisenberg Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research Science 280 1998 5364
62. R. Henderson, A. Jaffe, and M. Trajtenberg Universities as source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965-1988 Review of Economics and Statistics 80 1998 199-127
63. A.B. Jaffe Real effects of academic research American Economic Review 79 1989 957 970
64. P.B. Joly, and V. Mangematin Profile of public laboratories, industrial partnerships, and organization of R&D: The dynamics of industrial relationships in a large research organization Research Policy 25 1996 901 922 (Pubitemid 126364460)
65. D. Keeble, F. Wilkinson, High-Technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe 2000 Ashgate Aldershot
66. F. Kodama, and L.M. Branscomb University research as an engine for growth: how realistic is the vision? F. Kodama, L.M. Branscomb, R. Florida, Industrializing Knowledge: University-industry Linkages in Japan and the United States 1999 MIT Press London 3 19
67. Lach, S.; Schankerman, M.; 2003. Incentives and Innovation in Universities. NBER Working Paper 9727.
68. C.M. Leitch, and R.T. Harrison Maximising the potential of university spin-outs: the development of second-order commercialisation activities R&D Management 35 3 2005 257 272 (Pubitemid 40950278)
69. L. Leydesdorff, and H. Etzkowitz Triple helix of innovation: introduction Science and Public Policy 25 1998 358 364 (Pubitemid 29204063)
70. A. Lockett, and M. Wright Resources, capabilities, risk capital and the creation of university spin-out companies Research Policy 34 7 2005 1043 1057 (Pubitemid 41260501)
71. B.-. Lundvall National Systems of Innovation 1992 Pinter London
72. G.D. Markman, P.H. Phan, D.B. Balkin, and P.T. Gianiodis Entrepreneurship and university-based technology transfer Journal of Business Venturing 20 2 2005 241 263 (Pubitemid 39473695)
73. M. Meyer Are patenting scientists the better scholars? An exploratory comparison of inventor-authors with their non-inventing peers in nano-science and technology Research Policy 35 10 2006 1646 1662 (Pubitemid 44792244)
74. D.C. Mowery, and R.R. Nelson Sources of Industrial Leadership 1999 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
75. D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson, B.N. Sampat, and A. Ziedonis The growth of patenting and licensing by US universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 Research Policy 30 1 2001 99 119 (Pubitemid 33676869)
76. D.C. Mowery, R.R. Nelson, B.N. Sampat, and A. Ziedonis Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation: University-Industry Technology Transfer before and after the Bayh-Dole Act 2004 Stanford University Press
77. F. Murray, and S. Stern Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 63 4 2005 648 687
78. R.R. Nelson National Innovation Systems 1993 Oxford University Press New York
79. R. Nelson The market economy, and the scientific commons Research Policy 33 2004 455 471
80. J. Niosi, and T.G. Bas The competencies of regions: Canada's clusters in biotechnology Small Business Economics 2001 31 42
81. D. Noble America by Design: Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism 1977 Oxford University Press New York
82. C. O'Gorman, O. Byrne, and D. Pandya How scientists commercialise new knowledge via entrepreneurship Journal of Technology Transfer 33 1 2008 23 43
83. R.P. O'Shea, T.J. Allen, A. Chevalier, and F. Roche Entrepreneurial orientation, technology transfer and spin-off performance of U.S. universities Research Policy 34 7 2005 994 1009 (Pubitemid 41260498)
84. OECD University Research in Transition. OECD STI-Report 1999 OECD Publications Paris
85. OECD Turning Science into Business. Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organizations 2003 OECD Publications Paris
86. J.E. Oxley Appropriability hazards and governance in strategic alliances: a transaction cost approach Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 13 1997 387 409
87. M. Polanyi Tacit knowledge M. Marx, F. Goodson, Theories in Contemporary Psychology 1976 Macmillan New York 330 344
88. M. Porter The Competitive Advantage of Nations 1995 The Free Press New York
89. J.B. Powers R&D funding sources and university technology transfer: what is stimulating universities to be more entrepreneurial? Research in Higher Education 45 1 2004 1 23 (Pubitemid 39045937)
90. J.B. Powers, and P.P. McDougall University start-up formation and technology licensing with firms that go public: a resource-based view of academic entrepreneurship Journal of Business Venturing 20 2005 291 311 (Pubitemid 40076486)
91. N. Rosenberg, and R.R. Nelson American universities and technical advance in industry Research Policy 23 3 1994 323 348
92. F.T. Rothaermel, S.D. Agung, and L. Jiang University entrepreneurship: A taxonomy of the literature Industrial and Corporate Change 16 4 2007 691 791 (Pubitemid 47323947)
93. E. Sapsalis, B. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, and R. Navon Academic vs. industry patenting - an in-depth analysis of what determines patent value Research Policy 35 10 2006 1631 1645 (Pubitemid 44792245)
94. S. Shane Encouraging university entrepreneurship? The effect of the Bayh-Dole Act on university patenting in the United States Journal of Business Venturing 19 1 2004 127 151 (Pubitemid 37378817)
95. W. Sine, S. Shane, and D. Di Gregorio The halo effect and university technology licensing Management Science 49 4 2003 478 497
96. P.E. Stephan, S. Gurmu, A.J. Sumell, and G. Black Who's patenting in the university? Evidence from the survey of doctorate recipients Economics of Innovation and New Technology 16 2 2007 71 99
97. P. Swan, G.M.P. Prevezer, D.K. Stout, The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering 1998 Oxford University Press Oxford
98. J.G. Thursby, and S. Kemp Growth and productive efficiency of university intellectual property licensing Research Policy 31 1 2002 109 124
99. J. Tidd, and M. Brocklehurst Routes to technological learning and development: an assessment of Malaysia's innovation policy and performance Technological Forecasting and Social Change 62 1999 239 257 (Pubitemid 30074081)
100. B. Van Looy, J. Callaert, and K. Debackere Publication and patent behaviour of academic researchers: conflicting, reinforcing or merely co-existing? Research Policy 35 4 2006 596 608 (Pubitemid 44304408)
101. B. Van Looy, K. Debackere, and P. Andries Policies to stimulate regional innovation capabilities via university-industry collaboration: an analysis and an assessment R&D Management 33 2003 209 229 (Pubitemid 36539893)
102. B. Van Looy, M. Ranga, J. Callaert, K. Debackere, and E. Zimmermann Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew Effect? Research Policy 33 2004 425 441
103. A. Varga University Research and Regional Innovation 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht
104. A. Varga Local academic knowledge transfers and the concentration of economic activity Journal of Regional Science 40 2000 289 309 (Pubitemid 34057148)
105. E. Von Hippel Sticky information and the locus of problem solving: implications for innovation Management Science 40 4 1994 429 439
106. M. Wright, B. Clarysse, A. Lockett, and M. Knockaert Mid-range universities' linkages with industry: knowledge types and the role of intermediaries Research Policy 37 8 2008 1205 1223