F2-isoprostane formation, measurement and interpretation: The role of exercise

Progress in Lipid Research

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 89-103

  Nikolaidis, Michalis G ^a   Kyparos, Antonios ^b   Vrabas, Ioannis S ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND REHABILITATION   (Greece)

^b ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

Antioxidant; Biomarker; Free radical; Lipid peroxidation; Reactive species; Training

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; ISOPROSTANE DERIVATIVE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; EX VIVO STUDY; EXERCISE; HUMAN; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLISM; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN URINE LEVEL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHEMISTRY; CLINICAL CHEMISTRY; METHODOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CLINICAL CHEMISTRY TESTS; EXERCISE; F2-ISOPROSTANES; HUMANS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

EID: 78650699249     PISSN: 01637827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. L.L. de Zwart, J.H. Meerman, J.N. Commandeur, and N.P. Vermeulen Biomarkers of free radical damage applications in experimental animals and in humans Free Radic Biol Med 26 1-2 1999 202 226
2. W.A. Pryor On the detection of lipid hydroperoxides in biological samples Free Radic Biol Med 7 2 1989 177 178
3. H. Yin New techniques to detect oxidative stress markers: mass spectrometry-based methods to detect isoprostanes as the gold standard for oxidative stress in vivo Biofactors 34 2 2008 109 124
4. D. Giustarini, I. Dalle-Donne, D. Tsikas, and R. Rossi Oxidative stress and human diseases: origin, link, measurement, mechanisms, and biomarkers Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 46 5-6 2009 241 281
5. B. Halliwell The wanderings of a free radical Free Radic Biol Med 46 5 2009 531 542
6. P. Montuschi, P. Barnes, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Insights into oxidative stress: the isoprostanes Curr Med Chem 14 6 2007 703 717
7. J. Nourooz-Zadeh Key issues in F2-isoprostane analysis Biochem Soc Trans 36 Pt 5 2008 1060 1065
8. H. Yin, T. Davis, and N.A. Porter Simultaneous analysis of multiple lipid oxidation products in vivo by liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) Methods Mol Biol 610 2010 375 386
9. J.D. Morrow, K.E. Hill, R.F. Burk, T.M. Nammour, K.F. Badr, and L.J. Roberts 2nd A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 23 1990 9383 9387
10. M. Comporti, C. Signorini, B. Arezzini, D. Vecchio, B. Monaco, and C. Gardi F2-isoprostanes are not just markers of oxidative stress Free Radic Biol Med 44 3 2008 247 256
11. D.J. Crankshaw, and P.K. Rangachari Isoprostanes: more than just mere markers Mol Cell Biochem 253 1-2 2003 125 130
12. M.G. Nikolaidis, A.Z. Jamurtas, V. Paschalis, I.A. Kostaropoulos, A. Kladi-Skandali, and V. Balamitsi Exercise-induced oxidative stress in G6PD-deficient individuals Med Sci Sports Exerc 38 8 2006 1443 1450
13. M.G. Nikolaidis, V. Paschalis, G. Giakas, I.G. Fatouros, Y. Koutedakis, and D. Kouretas Decreased blood oxidative stress after repeated muscle-damaging exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 39 7 2007 1080 1089 (Pubitemid 47014136)
14. Y. Hellsten, B. Sjodin, E.A. Richter, and J. Bangsbo Urate uptake and lowered ATP levels in human muscle after high-intensity intermittent exercise Am J Physiol 274 4 Pt 1 1998 E600 E606
15. G.L. Milne, H. Yin, and J.D. Morrow Human biochemistry of the isoprostane pathway J Biol Chem 283 23 2008 15533 15537
16. W.A. Pryor, J.P. Stanley, and E. Blair Autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: II. A suggested mechanism for the formation of TBA-reactive materials from prostaglandin-like endoperoxides Lipids 11 5 1976 370 379
17. J. Rokach, S.P. Khanapure, S.W. Hwang, M. Adiyaman, J.A. Lawson, and G.A. FitzGerald Nomenclature of isoprostanes: a proposal Prostaglandins 54 6 1997 853 873
18. J. Rokach, S.P. Khanapure, S.W. Hwang, M. Adiyaman, J.A. Lawson, and G.A. FitzGerald The isoprostanes: a perspective Prostaglandins 54 6 1997 823 851
19. A. Catala Lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids generates hydroxy-alkenals and oxidized phospholipids active in physiological and/or pathological conditions Chem Phys Lipids 157 1 2009 1 11
20. F. Favreau, I. Petit-Paris, T. Hauet, D. Dutheil, Y. Papet, and G. Mauco Cyclooxygenase 1-dependent production of F2-isoprostane and changes in redox status during warm renal ischemia-reperfusion Free Radic Biol Med 36 8 2004 1034 1042
21. K.B. Jourdan, J.A. Mitchell, and T.W. Evans Release of isoprostanes by human pulmonary artery in organ culture: a cyclo-oxygenase and nitric oxide dependent pathway Biochem Biophys Res Commun 233 3 1997 668 672
22. T. Klein, K. Neuhaus, F. Reutter, and R.M. Nusing Generation of 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) in isolated rat kidney glomeruli by a radical-independent mechanism Br J Pharmacol 133 5 2001 643 650
23. T. Klein, F. Reutter, H. Schweer, H.W. Seyberth, and R.M. Nusing Generation of the isoprostane 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha in vitro and in vivo via the cyclooxygenases J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282 3 1997 1658 1665
24. N. Ozaki, K. Beharry, K.C. Nishihara, Y. Akmal, J.G. Ang, and H.D. Modanlou Differential regulation of prostacyclin and thromboxane by dexamethasone and celecoxib during oxidative stress in newborn rabbits Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 70 1-2 2002 61 78
25. D. Pratico, and G.A. FitzGerald Generation of 8-epiprostaglandin F2alpha by human monocytes. Discriminate production by reactive oxygen species and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 J Biol Chem 271 15 1996 8919 8924
26. D. Pratico, J.A. Lawson, and G.A. FitzGerald Cyclooxygenase-dependent formation of the isoprostane, 8-epi prostaglandin F2 alpha J Biol Chem 270 17 1995 9800 9808
27. U. Jahn, J.M. Galano, and T. Durand Beyond prostaglandins - chemistry and biology of cyclic oxygenated metabolites formed by free-radical pathways from polyunsaturated fatty acids Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47 32 2008 5894 5955
28. D.F. Taber, J.D. Morrow, and L.J. Roberts 2nd A nomenclature system for the isoprostanes Prostaglandins 53 2 1997 63 67
29. M.J. Mueller Isoprostane nomenclature: inherent problems may cause setbacks for the development of the isoprostanoid field Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 82 2-3 2010 71 81
30. Y. Chen, J.D. Morrow, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Formation of reactive cyclopentenone compounds in vivo as products of the isoprostane pathway J Biol Chem 274 16 1999 10863 10868
31. J.A. Lawson, H. Li, J. Rokach, M. Adiyaman, S.W. Hwang, and S.P. Khanapure Identification of two major F2 isoprostanes, 8, 12-iso- and 5-epi-8, 12-iso-isoprostane F2alpha-VI, in human urine J Biol Chem 273 45 1998 29295 29301
32. W. Liu, J.D. Morrow, and H. Yin Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method Free Radic Biol Med 47 8 2009 1101 1107
33. J. Bessard, J.L. Cracowski, F. Stanke-Labesque, and G. Bessard Determination of isoprostaglandin F2alpha type III in human urine by gas chromatography-electronic impact mass spectrometry. Comparison with enzyme immunoassay J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 754 2 2001 333 343
34. J. Proudfoot, A. Barden, T.A. Mori, V. Burke, K.D. Croft, and L.J. Beilin Measurement of urinary F(2)-isoprostanes as markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation-A comparison of enzyme immunoassay with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Anal Biochem 272 2 1999 209 215
35. A. Bachi, E. Zuccato, M. Baraldi, R. Fanelli, and C. Chiabrando Measurement of urinary 8-Epi-prostaglandin F2alpha, a novel index of lipid peroxidation in vivo, by immunoaffinity extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Basal levels in smokers and nonsmokers Free Radic Biol Med 20 4 1996 619 624
36. D. Tsikas Quantitative analysis of biomarkers, drugs and toxins in biological samples by immunoaffinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry: A focused review of recent applications J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878 2 2010 133 148
37. M. Adiyaman, J.A. Lawson, S.W. Hwang, S.P. Khanapure, G.A. FitzGerald, and J. Rokach Total synthesis of a novel isoprostane IPF2a-I and its identification in biological fluids Tetrahedron Lett 37 1996 4849 4852
38. S.W. Hwang, M. Adiyaman, S. Khanapure, L. Schio, and J. Rokach Total synthesis of 8-Epi-PGF2a. A novel strategy for the synthesis of isoprostanes J Am Chem Soc 116 1994 10829 10830
39. O. Berdeaux, O. Scruel, J.L. Cracowski, and T. Durand F2-Isoprostanes: review of analytical methods Curr Pharmaceut Anal 2 2006 69 78
40. S.S. Davies Lipidomic approaches to measuring isoprostanes and other markers of oxidative stress Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 111 2009 64 74
41. C.A. Goodman, D. Horvath, C. Stathis, T. Mori, K. Croft, and R.M. Murphy Taurine supplementation increases skeletal muscle force production and protects muscle function during and after high-frequency in vitro stimulation J Appl Physiol 107 1 2009 144 154
42. S. Delliaux, C. Brerro-Saby, J.G. Steinberg, and Y. Jammes Reactive oxygen species activate the group IV muscle afferents in resting and exercising muscle in rats Pflugers Arch 459 1 2009 143 150
43. D. Delample, F. Durand, A. Severac, M. Belghith, E. Mas, and F. Michel Implication of xanthine oxidase in muscle oxidative stress in COPD patients Free Radic Res 42 9 2008 807 814
44. L. Hoffman-Goetz, and J. Quadrilatero Treadmill exercise in mice increases intestinal lymphocyte loss via apoptosis Acta Physiol Scand 179 3 2003 289 297
45. S.M. Arent, J.K. Pellegrino, C.A. Williams, D.A. Difabio, and J.C. Greenwood Nutritional supplementation, performance, and oxidative stress in college soccer players J Strength Cond Res 24 4 2010 1117 1124
46. G. Davison, M. Gleeson, and S. Phillips Antioxidant supplementation and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 39 4 2007 645 652
47. C. Goto, K. Nishioka, T. Umemura, D. Jitsuiki, A. Sakagutchi, and M. Kawamura Acute moderate-intensity exercise induces vasodilation through an increase in nitric oxide bioavailiability in humans Am J Hypertens 20 8 2007 825 830
48. N. Kirschvink, L. Fievez, V. Bougnet, T. Art, G. Degand, and N. Smith Effect of nutritional antioxidant supplementation on systemic and pulmonary antioxidant status, airway inflammation and lung function in heaves-affected horses Equine Vet J 34 7 2002 705 712 (Pubitemid 39663059)
49. A. Mastaloudis, S.W. Leonard, and M.G. Traber Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise Free Radic Biol Med 31 7 2001 911 922
50. A. Mastaloudis, J.D. Morrow, D.W. Hopkins, S. Devaraj, and M.G. Traber Antioxidant supplementation prevents exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, but not inflammation, in ultramarathon runners Free Radic Biol Med 36 10 2004 1329 1341
51. S. McAnulty, L. McAnulty, D. Nieman, J. Morrow, C. Dumke, and A. Utter Carbohydrate effect: hormone and oxidative changes Int J Sports Med 28 11 2007 921 927
52. S.R. McAnulty, P.A. Hosick, L.S. McAnulty, J.C. Quindry, L. Still, and M.B. Hudson Effect of pharmacological lowering of plasma urate on exercise-induced oxidative stress Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 32 6 2007 1148 1155
53. S.R. McAnulty, L. McAnulty, D.D. Pascoe, S.S. Gropper, R.E. Keith, and J.D. Morrow Hyperthermia increases exercise-induced oxidative stress Int J Sports Med 26 3 2005 188 192
54. S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, J.D. Morrow, D.C. Nieman, J.T. Owens, and C.M. Carper Influence of carbohydrate, intense exercise, and rest intervals on hormonal and oxidative changes Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 17 5 2007 478 490
55. S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, J.D. Morrow, L.A. Shooter, and S. Holmes Effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on plasma homocysteine and oxidative stress in highly trained athletes before and after exhaustive exercise J Nutr Biochem 16 9 2005 530 537
56. S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, J.D. Morrow, A.C. Utter, and D.A. Henson Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant potential following a 3 h run Free Radic Res 37 8 2003 835 840
57. S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, J.C. Quindry, P.A. Hosick, and M.H. Hudson Chronic quercetin ingestion and exercise-induced oxidative damage and inflammation Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33 2 2008 254 262
58. D.C. Nieman, C.I. Dumke, D.A. Henson, S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, and R.H. Lind Immune and oxidative changes during and following the Western States Endurance Run Int J Sports Med 24 7 2003 541 547
59. D.C. Nieman, D.A. Henson, S.R. McAnulty, L. McAnulty, N.S. Swick, and A.C. Utter Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon J Appl Physiol 92 5 2002 1970 1977
60. M. Robinson, S.R. Gray, M.S. Watson, G. Kennedy, A. Hill, and J.J. Belch Plasma IL-6, its soluble receptors and F2-isoprostanes at rest and during exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome Scand J Med Sci Sports 20 2 2010 282 290
61. A. Steensberg, J. Morrow, A.D. Toft, H. Bruunsgaard, and B.K. Pedersen Prolonged exercise, lymphocyte apoptosis and F2-isoprostanes Eur J Appl Physiol 87 1 2002 38 42
62. W.S. Waring, A. Convery, V. Mishra, A. Shenkin, D.J. Webb, and S.R. Maxwell Uric acid reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults Clin Sci (Lond) 105 4 2003 425 430
63. A. Childs, C. Jacobs, T. Kaminski, B. Halliwell, and C. Leeuwenburgh Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise Free Radic Biol Med 31 6 2001 745 753
64. C. Kerksick, Lt. Taylor, A. Harvey, and D. Willoughby Gender-related differences in muscle injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis Med Sci Sports Exerc 40 10 2008 1772 1780
65. S. McAnulty, L. McAnulty, D. Nieman, J. Morrow, C. Dumke, and D. Henson Effect of NSAID on muscle injury and oxidative stress Int J Sports Med 28 11 2007 909 915
66. S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, J.D. Morrow, A.C. Utter, and C.L. Dumke Effect of resistance exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress Free Radic Res 39 11 2005 1219 1224
67. S.R. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, M. Fox-Rabinovich, V. Duran, L.S. McAnulty, and D.A. Henson Effect of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants on oxidative stress after exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 42 9 2010 1704 1711
68. S.R. McAnulty, J.T. Owens, L.S. McAnulty, D.C. Nieman, J.D. Morrow, and C.L. Dumke Ibuprofen use during extreme exercise: effects on oxidative stress and PGE2 Med Sci Sports Exerc 39 7 2007 1075 1079
69. D.C. Nieman, D.A. Henson, S.R. McAnulty, L.S. McAnulty, J.D. Morrow, and A. Ahmed Vitamin E and immunity after the Kona Triathlon World Championship Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 8 2004 1328 1335
70. J.M. Sacheck, P.E. Milbury, J.G. Cannon, R. Roubenoff, and J.B. Blumberg Effect of vitamin E and eccentric exercise on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in young and elderly men Free Radic Biol Med 34 12 2003 1575 1588
71. H. Youssef, C. Groussard, J. Pincemail, E. Moussa, C. Jacob, and S. Lemoine Exercise-induced oxidative stress in overweight adolescent girls: roles of basal insulin resistance and inflammation and oxygen overconsumption Int J Obes (Lond) 33 4 2009 447 455
72. U. Dreissigacker, M. Wendt, T. Wittke, D. Tsikas, and N. Maassen Positive correlation between plasma nitrite and performance during high-intensive exercise but not oxidative stress in healthy men Nitric Oxide 23 2 2010 128 135
73. F.M. Palmer, D.C. Nieman, D.A. Henson, S.R. McAnulty, L. McAnulty, and N.S. Swick Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon Eur J Appl Physiol 89 1 2003 100 107
74. S. Basu Metabolism of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha FEBS Lett 428 1-2 1998 32 36
75. J.D. Morrow, J.A. Awad, T. Kato, K. Takahashi, K.F. Badr, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Formation of novel non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. An animal model of lipid peroxidation J Clin Invest 90 6 1992 2502 2507
76. M.C. Gomez-Cabrera, E. Domenech, M. Romagnoli, A. Arduini, C. Borras, and F.V. Pallardo Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance Am J Clin Nutr 87 1 2008 142 149
77. M. Ristow, K. Zarse, A. Oberbach, N. Kloting, M. Birringer, and M. Kiehntopf Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 21 2009 8665 8670
78. A. Aguilo, P. Tauler, A. Sureda, N. Cases, J. Tur, and A. Pons Antioxidant diet supplementation enhances aerobic performance in amateur sportsmen J Sports Sci 25 11 2007 1203 1210
79. C. Yfanti, T. Akerstrom, S. Nielsen, A.R. Nielsen, R. Mounier, and O.H. Mortensen Antioxidant supplementation does not alter endurance training adaptation Med Sci Sports Exerc 42 7 2010 1388 1395
80. S. Tafazoli, J.S. Wright, and P.J. O'Brien Prooxidant and antioxidant activity of vitamin E analogues and troglitazone Chem Res Toxicol 18 10 2005 1567 1574
81. M.G. Nikolaidis, A.Z. Jamurtas, V. Paschalis, I.G. Fatouros, Y. Koutedakis, and D. Kouretas The effect of muscle-damaging exercise on blood and skeletal muscle oxidative stress: magnitude and time-course considerations Sports Med 38 7 2008 579 606
82. M.G. Nikolaidis, V. Paschalis, G. Giakas, I.G. Fatouros, G.K. Sakellariou, and A.A. Theodorou Favorable and prolonged changes in blood lipid profile after muscle-damaging exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 40 8 2008 1483 1489
83. T.A. Watson, R. Callister, R.D. Taylor, D.W. Sibbritt, L.K. MacDonald-Wicks, and M.L. Garg Antioxidant restriction and oxidative stress in short-duration exhaustive exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 37 1 2005 63 71
84. M.P. Bradshaw, V. Cheynier, G.R. Scollary, and P.D. Prenzler Defining the ascorbic acid crossover from anti-oxidant to pro-oxidant in a model wine matrix containing (+)-catechin J Agric Food Chem 51 14 2003 4126 4132
85. S.J. Rietjens, M. Beelen, R. Koopman, L.J. VANL, A. Bast, and G.R. Haenen A single session of resistance exercise induces oxidative damage in untrained men Med Sci Sports Exerc 39 12 2007 2145 2151
86. I. Karamouzis, K. Christoulas, D. Grekas, K. Giannoulis, E. Vamvakoudis, and K. Mandroukas The response of muscle interstitial F2-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2alpha) during dynamic muscle contractions in humans Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 71 2 2004 87 90
87. G.L. Close, and M.J. Jackson The use of in vivo microdialysis techniques to detect extracellular ROS in resting and contracting skeletal muscle Methods Mol Biol 477 2008 123 136
88. F.W. Booth, and D.B. Thomason Molecular and cellular adaptation of muscle in response to exercise: perspectives of various models Physiol Rev 71 2 1991 541 585
89. S. Delliaux, C. Brerro-Saby, J.G. Steinberg, and Y. Jammes Reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators enhance muscle spindles mechanosensitivity in rats Pflugers Arch 457 4 2009 877 884
90. P.R. Galassetti, D. Nemet, A. Pescatello, C. Rose-Gottron, J. Larson, and D.M. Cooper Exercise, caloric restriction, and systemic oxidative stress J Investig Med 54 2 2006 67 75
91. A.S. Kelly, J. Steinberger, T.P. Olson, and D.R. Dengel In the absence of weight loss, exercise training does not improve adipokines or oxidative stress in overweight children Metabolism 56 7 2007 1005 1009
92. F. Moien-Afshari, S. Ghosh, S. Elmi, M. Khazaei, M.M. Rahman, and N. Sallam Exercise restores coronary vascular function independent of myogenic tone or hyperglycemic status in db/db mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295 4 2008 H1470 H1480
93. T.A. Watson, L.K. MacDonald-Wicks, and M.L. Garg Oxidative stress and antioxidants in athletes undertaking regular exercise training Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 15 2 2005 131 146
94. M.G. Nikolaidis, A. Petridou, A. Matsakas, T. Schulz, H. Michna, and V. Mougios Effect of chronic wheel running on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in rat serum, skeletal muscle and heart Acta Physiol Scand 181 2 2004 199 208 (Pubitemid 38822658)
95. P.T. Campbell, M.D. Gross, J.D. Potter, K.H. Schmitz, C. Duggan, and A. McTiernan Effect of exercise on oxidative stress: a 12-month randomized, controlled trial Med Sci Sports Exerc 42 8 2010 1448 1453
96. S.M. Cornish, D.G. Candow, N.T. Jantz, P.D. Chilibeck, J.P. Little, and S. Forbes Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 19 1 2009 79 96
97. M.C. Devries, M.J. Hamadeh, A.W. Glover, S. Raha, I.A. Samjoo, and M.A. Tarnopolsky Endurance training without weight loss lowers systemic, but not muscle, oxidative stress with no effect on inflammation in lean and obese women Free Radic Biol Med 45 4 2008 503 511
98. K. Margonis, I.G. Fatouros, A.Z. Jamurtas, M.G. Nikolaidis, I. Douroudos, and A. Chatzinikolaou Oxidative stress biomarkers responses to physical overtraining: implications for diagnosis Free Radic Biol Med 43 6 2007 901 910
99. T.A. Mori, K.D. Croft, I.B. Puddey, and L.J. Beilin An improved method for the measurement of urinary and plasma F2-isoprostanes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Anal Biochem 268 1 1999 117 125
100. K.H. Schmitz, M. Warren, A.G. Rundle, N.I. Williams, M.D. Gross, and M.S. Kurzer Exercise effect on oxidative stress is independent of change in estrogen metabolism Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17 1 2008 220 223
101. J.S. Wang, C.C. Lin, J.K. Chen, and M.K. Wong Role of chronic exercise in decreasing oxidized LDL-potentiated platelet activation by enhancing platelet-derived no release and bioactivity in rats Life Sci 66 20 2000 1937 1948
102. J. Gorski, A. Nawrocki, and M. Murthy Characterization of free and glyceride-esterified long chain fatty acids in different skeletal muscle types of the rat Mol Cell Biochem 178 1-2 1998 113 118
103. V. Mougios, A. Matsakas, A. Petridou, S. Ring, A. Sagredos, and A. Melissopoulou Effect of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on human serum lipids and body fat J Nutr Biochem 12 10 2001 585 594
104. V. Mougios, S. Ring, A. Petridou, and M.G. Nikolaidis Duration of coffee- and exercise-induced changes in the fatty acid profile of human serum J Appl Physiol 94 2 2003 476 484
105. M.G. Nikolaidis, and V. Mougios Effects of exercise on the fatty-acid composition of blood and tissue lipids Sports Med 34 15 2004 1051 1076
106. S.R. Khan, P.A. Glenton, R. Backov, and D.R. Talham Presence of lipids in urine, crystals and stones: implications for the formation of kidney stones Kidney Int 62 6 2002 2062 2072
107. E.J. Masoro, L.B. Rowell, R.M. McDonald, and B. Steiert Skeletal muscle lipids. II. Nonutilization of intracellular lipid esters as an energy source for contractile activity J Biol Chem 241 11 1966 2626 2634
108. M.M. Nasca, R. Zhang, D.M. Super, S.L. Hazen, and H.R. Hall Increased oxidative stress in healthy children following an exercise program: a pilot study J Dev Behav Pediatr 31 5 2010 386 392
109. J.M. Proudfoot, A.E. Barden, W.M. Loke, K.D. Croft, I.B. Puddey, and T.A. Mori HDL is the major lipoprotein carrier of plasma F2-isoprostanes J Lipid Res 50 4 2009 716 722
110. B. Frei, R. Stocker, and B.N. Ames Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 24 1988 9748 9752
111. J.A. Awad, J.D. Morrow, K. Takahashi, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Identification of non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid (F2-isoprostane) metabolites in human urine and plasma J Biol Chem 268 6 1993 4161 4169
112. C. Chiabrando, A. Valagussa, C. Rivalta, T. Durand, A. Guy, and E. Zuccato Identification and measurement of endogenous beta-oxidation metabolites of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha J Biol Chem 274 3 1999 1313 1319
113. J.D. Morrow, W.E. Zackert, J.P. Yang, E.H. Kurhts, D. Callewaert, and R. Dworski Quantification of the major urinary metabolite of 15-F2t-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2alpha) by a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric assay Anal Biochem 269 2 1999 326 331
114. J. Nourooz-Zadeh, M.B. Cooper, D. Ziegler, and D.J. Betteridge Urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and its endogenous beta-oxidation products (2, 3-dinor and 2, 3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro) as biomarkers of total body oxidative stress Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330 3 2005 731 736
115. L.J. Roberts 2nd, K.P. Moore, W.E. Zackert, J.A. Oates, and J.D. Morrow Identification of the major urinary metabolite of the F2-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in humans J Biol Chem 271 34 1996 20617 20620
116. E. Schwedhelm, D. Tsikas, T. Durand, F.M. Gutzki, A. Guy, and J.C. Rossi Tandem mass spectrometric quantification of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha and its metabolite 2, 3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in human urine J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 744 1 2000 99 112
117. W. Yan, G.D. Byrd, and M.W. Ogden Quantitation of isoprostane isomers in human urine from smokers and nonsmokers by LC-MS/MS J Lipid Res 48 7 2007 1607 1617
118. C. Chiabrando, C. Rivalta, R. Bagnati, A. Valagussa, T. Durand, and A. Guy Identification of metabolites from type III F2-isoprostane diastereoisomers by mass spectrometry J Lipid Res 43 3 2002 495 509
119. G.L. Close, T. Ashton, T. Cable, D. Doran, and D.P. MacLaren Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species Eur J Appl Physiol 91 5-6 2004 615 621
120. G.L. Close, A.C. Kayani, T. Ashton, A. McArdle, and M.J. Jackson Release of superoxide from skeletal muscle of adult and old mice: an experimental test of the reductive hotspot hypothesis Aging Cell 6 2 2007 189 195
121. M.J. Jackson, D. Pye, and J. Palomero The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol 102 4 2007 1664 1670
122. B. Halliwell, and J. Gutteridge Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 2007 Oxford University Press New York
123. D.M. Stafforini, J.R. Sheller, T.S. Blackwell, A. Sapirstein, F.E. Yull, and T.M. McIntyre Release of free F2-isoprostanes from esterified phospholipids is catalyzed by intracellular and plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases J Biol Chem 281 8 2006 4616 4623
124. J.E. Burke, and E.A. Dennis Phospholipase A2 biochemistry Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 23 1 2009 49 59
125. T. Koyama, W. Keatisuwan, M. Kinjo, and H. Saito Suppressive effect of coenzyme Q10 on phospholipase A2 activation in cardiac cells after prolonged swimming Life Sci 51 14 1992 1113 1118
126. A. Gurakar-Osborne, and P.E. Prete Rapid assay of phospholipase A2 activity in plasma and synovial fluid Clin Chem 41 1 1995 118 119
127. S. Basu F2-isoprostanes in human health and diseases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications Antioxid Redox Signal 10 8 2008 1405 1434
128. G. Federspil, B. Baggio, C. De Palo, E. De Carlo, A. Borsatti, and R. Vettor Effect of prolonged physical exercise on muscular phospholipase A2 activity in rats Diabete Metab 13 3 1987 171 175
129. R. Vettor, C. De Palo, L. Calo, E. De Carlo, N. Sicolo, and C. Martini Effect of exercise on plasma kallikrein and muscular phospholipase A2 activity in rats Mol Cell Endocrinol 45 1 1986 65 70
130. A.K. Salahudeen, B. Oliver, J.D. Bower, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Increase in plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes following intravenous iron infusion in patients on hemodialysis Kidney Int 60 4 2001 1525 1531
131. A. Kuksis, J.J. Myher, K. Geher, W.C. Breckenridge, G.J. Jones, and J.A. Little Lipid class and molecular species interrelationships among plasma lipoproteins of normolipemic subjects J Chromatogr 224 1 1981 1 23
132. D.Y. Hui, and P.N. Howles Carboxyl ester lipase: structure-function relationship and physiological role in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis J Lipid Res 43 12 2002 2017 2030
133. H. Sauer, and M. Wartenberg Circulating isoprostanes: gate keepers in the route from oxidative stress to vascular dysfunction Circ Res 103 9 2008 907 909
134. M.G. Nikolaidis, and A.Z. Jamurtas Blood as a reactive species generator and redox status regulator during exercise Arch Biochem Biophys 490 2 2009 77 84
135. T. Ashton, C.C. Rowlands, E. Jones, I.S. Young, S.K. Jackson, and B. Davies Electron spin resonance spectroscopic detection of oxygen-centred radicals in human serum following exhaustive exercise Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 77 6 1998 498 502
136. G.W. Davison, T. Ashton, B. Davies, and D.M. Bailey In vitro electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of free radicals: relevance to exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and implications of ascorbate prophylaxis Free Radic Res 42 4 2008 379 386
137. J.J. Myher, A. Kuksis, J. Shepherd, C.J. Packard, J.D. Morrisett, and O.D. Taunton Effect of saturated and unsaturated fat diets on molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin of human plasma lipoproteins Biochim Biophys Acta 666 1 1981 110 119
138. S.M. Lynch, J.D. Morrow, L.J. Roberts 2nd, and B. Frei Formation of non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in plasma and low density lipoprotein exposed to oxidative stress in vitro J Clin Invest 93 3 1994 998 1004
139. R.J. Waugh, and R.C. Murphy Mass spectrometric analysis of four regioisomers of F2-isoprostanes formed by free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 7 1996 490 499
140. V.B. Ritov, D.E. Kelley, and V.E. Kagan Derivatization of F2-isoprostanes with 1-pyrenyldiazomethane and their subsequent determination by fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography Anal Biochem 311 1 2002 10 18
141. H. Yin, C.M. Havrilla, J.D. Morrow, and N.A. Porter Formation of isoprostane bicyclic endoperoxides from the autoxidation of cholesteryl arachidonate J Am Chem Soc 124 26 2002 7745 7754
142. M. Van Heek, D. Schmitt, P. Toren, M.K. Cathcart, and P.E. DiCorleto Cholesteryl hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate from oxidized low density lipoprotein inactivates platelet-derived growth factor J Biol Chem 273 31 1998 19405 19410
143. Y. Yoshida, Y. Saito, M. Hayakawa, Y. Habuchi, Y. Imai, and Y. Sawai Levels of lipid peroxidation in human plasma and erythrocytes: comparison between fatty acids and cholesterol Lipids 42 5 2007 439 449
144. I. Beck-Speier, B. Oswald, K.L. Maier, E. Karg, and R. Ramseger Oxymetazoline inhibits and resolves inflammatory reactions in human neutrophils J Pharmacol Sci 110 3 2009 276 284
145. K. Misaki, K. Takitani, T. Ogihara, A. Inoue, C. Kawakami, and T. Kuno Alpha-tocopherol content and alpha-tocopherol transfer protein expression in leukocytes of children with acute leukemia Free Radic Res 37 9 2003 1037 1042
146. S.A. Wright, F.M. O'Prey, M.T. McHenry, W.J. Leahey, A.B. Devine, and E.M. Duffy A randomised interventional trial of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on endothelial function and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus Ann Rheum Dis 67 6 2008 841 848
147. 2 Drug Chem Toxicol 30 4 2007 311 325
148. P. Peeling, B. Dawson, C. Goodman, G. Landers, E.T. Wiegerinck, and D.W. Swinkels Training surface and intensity: inflammation, hemolysis, and hepcidin expression Med Sci Sports Exerc 41 5 2009 1138 1145
149. A.A. Theodorou, M.G. Nikolaidis, V. Paschalis, G.K. Sakellariou, I.G. Fatouros, and Y. Koutedakis Comparison between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient and normal individuals after eccentric exercise Med Sci Sports Exerc 42 6 2010 1113 1121
150. N.E. Bastani, T.E. Gundersen, and R. Blomhoff Determination of 8-epi PGF(2alpha) concentrations as a biomarker of oxidative stress using triple-stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 23 18 2009 2885 2890
151. M.Y. Cimen Free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes Clin Chim Acta 390 1-2 2008 1 11
152. D. Yucel, and K. Dalva Effect of in vitro hemolysis on 25 common biochemical tests Clin Chem 38 4 1992 575 577
153. U. Dreissigacker, M.T. Suchy, N. Maassen, and D. Tsikas Human plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the F2-isoprostane 15(S)-8-iso-PGF(2alpha) may be markedly compromised by hemolysis: evidence by GC-MS/MS and potential analytical and biological ramifications Clin Biochem 43 1-2 2010 159 167
154. A. Salahudeen, M. Nawaz, V. Poovala, V. Kanji, C. Wang, and J. Morrow Cold storage induces time-dependent F2-isoprostane formation in renal tubular cells and rat kidneys Kidney Int 55 5 1999 1759 1762
155. R.R. Jenkins, K. Krause, and L.S. Schofield Influence of exercise on clearance of oxidant stress products and loosely bound iron Med Sci Sports Exerc 25 2 1993 213 217
156. J.A. Awad, R.F. Burk, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Effect of selenium deficiency and glutathione-modulating agents on diquat toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats J Pharmacol Exp Ther 270 3 1994 858 864
157. J.A. Awad, J.D. Morrow, K.E. Hill, L.J. Roberts 2nd, and R.F. Burk Detection and localization of lipid peroxidation in selenium- and vitamin E-deficient rats using F2-isoprostanes J Nutr 124 6 1994 810 816
158. K.B. Choksi, L.J. Roberts 2nd, J.H. DeFord, J.P. Rabek, and J. Papaconstantinou Lower levels of F2-isoprostanes in serum and livers of long-lived Ames dwarf mice Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364 4 2007 761 764
159. T. Ding, Y. Yao, and D. Pratico Increase in peripheral oxidative stress during hypercholesterolemia is not reflected in the central nervous system: evidence from two mouse models Neurochem Int 46 6 2005 435 439
160. D. Pratico, R.K. Tangirala, D.J. Rader, J. Rokach, and G.A. FitzGerald Vitamin E suppresses isoprostane generation in vivo and reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice Nat Med 4 10 1998 1189 1192
161. Y.T. Wong, R. Ruan, and F.E. Tay Relationship between levels of oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential in young and old F344 rats Free Radic Res 40 4 2006 393 402
162. Y. Yoshida, M. Hayakawa, Y. Habuchi, N. Itoh, and E. Niki Evaluation of lipophilic antioxidant efficacy in vivo by the biomarkers hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and isoprostane Lipids 42 5 2007 463 472
163. Y. Yoshida, N. Itoh, M. Hayakawa, Y. Habuchi, R. Inoue, and Z.H. Chen Lipid peroxidation in mice fed a choline-deficient diet as evaluated by total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid Nutrition 22 3 2006 303 311
164. A.S. Veskoukis, M.G. Nikolaidis, A. Kyparos, and D. Kouretas Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress depending on biomarker and tissue studied Free Radic Biol Med 47 10 2009 1371 1374
165. S.S. Davies, W. Zackert, Y. Luo, C.C. Cunningham, M. Frisard, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Quantification of dinor, dihydro metabolites of F2-isoprostanes in urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry Anal Biochem 348 2 2006 185 191
166. C.Y. Lee, S.H. Huang, A.M. Jenner, and B. Halliwell Measurement of F2-isoprostanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic products, and oxysterols from a single plasma sample Free Radic Biol Med 44 7 2008 1314 1322
167. D. Tsikas, E. Schwedhelm, M.T. Suchy, J. Niemann, F.M. Gutzki, and V.J. Erpenbeck Divergence in urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (iPF(2alpha)-III, 15-F(2t)-IsoP) levels from gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification after thin-layer chromatography and immunoaffinity column chromatography reveals heterogeneity of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha). Possible methodological, mechanistic and clinical implications J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 794 2 2003 237 255
168. A.W. Taylor, and M.G. Traber Quantitation of plasma total 15-series F(2)-isoprostanes by sequential solid phase and liquid-liquid extraction Anal Biochem 396 2 2010 319 321
169. B. Halliwell, and C.Y. Lee Using isoprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress: some rarely considered issues Antioxid Redox Signal 13 2 2010 145 156
170. A.K. Saenger, T.J. Laha, M.J. Edenfield, and S.M. Sadrzadeh Quantification of urinary 8-iso-PGF2alpha using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and association with elevated troponin levels Clin Biochem 40 16-17 2007 1297 1304
171. C. Soffler, V.L. Campbell, and D.M. Hassel Measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes as markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation: a comparison of enzyme immunoassays with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in domestic animal species J Vet Diagn Invest 22 2 2010 200 209
172. Z. Wang, G. Ciabattoni, C. Creminon, J. Lawson, G.A. Fitzgerald, and C. Patrono Immunological characterization of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion in man J Pharmacol Exp Ther 275 1 1995 94 100
173. S. Devaraj, S.V. Hirany, R.F. Burk, and I. Jialal Divergence between LDL oxidative susceptibility and urinary F(2)-isoprostanes as measures of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes Clin Chem 47 11 2001 1974 1979
174. E. Niki Lipid peroxidation: physiological levels and dual biological effects Free Radic Biol Med 47 5 2009 469 484
175. M. Fukunaga, N. Makita, L.J. Roberts 2nd, J.D. Morrow, K. Takahashi, and K.F. Badr Evidence for the existence of F2-isoprostane receptors on rat vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol 264 6 Pt 1 1993 C1619 24
176. K. Takahashi, T.M. Nammour, M. Fukunaga, J. Ebert, J.D. Morrow, and L.J. Roberts 2nd Glomerular actions of a free radical-generated novel prostaglandin, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, in the rat. Evidence for interaction with thromboxane A2 receptors J Clin Invest 90 1 1992 136 141
177. T. Yura, M. Fukunaga, R. Khan, G.N. Nassar, K.F. Badr, and A. Montero Free-radical-generated F2-isoprostane stimulates cell proliferation and endothelin-1 expression on endothelial cells Kidney Int 56 2 1999 471 478
178. A. Montero, K.A. Munger, R.Z. Khan, J.M. Valdivielso, J.D. Morrow, and A. Guasch F(2)-isoprostanes mediate high glucose-induced TGF-beta synthesis and glomerular proteinuria in experimental type I diabetes Kidney Int 58 5 2000 1963 1972
179. C. Patrono, and G.A. FitzGerald Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17 11 1997 2309 2315
180. P. Kunapuli, J.A. Lawson, J. Rokach, and G.A. FitzGerald Functional characterization of the ocular prostaglandin f2alpha (PGF2alpha) receptor. Activation by the isoprostane, 12-iso-PGF2alpha J Biol Chem 272 43 1997 27147 27154
181. P. Kunapuli, J.A. Lawson, J.A. Rokach, J.L. Meinkoth, and G.A. FitzGerald Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and the isoprostane, 8, 12-iso-isoprostane F2alpha-III, induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Differential activation of downstream signaling pathways J Biol Chem 273 35 1998 22442 22452
182. R.C. Seet, C.Y. Lee, E.C. Lim, J.J. Tan, A.M. Quek, and W.L. Chong Oxidative damage in Parkinson disease: measurement using accurate biomarkers Free Radic Biol Med 48 4 2010 560 566
183. Jackson R, Ramos C, Gupta C, Gomez-Marin O. Exercise decreases plasma antioxidant capacity and increases urinary isoprostanes of IPF patients. Respir Med 2010; Epub ahead of print.
184. J.D. Morrow, B. Frei, A.W. Longmire, J.M. Gaziano, S.M. Lynch, and Y. Shyr Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers. Smoking as a cause of oxidative damage N Engl J Med 332 18 1995 1198 1203
185. R.C. Seet, C.Y. Lee, E.C. Lim, A.M. Quek, L.L. Yeo, and S.H. Huang Oxidative damage in dengue fever Free Radic Biol Med 47 4 2009 375 380
186. H. Li, J.A. Lawson, M. Reilly, M. Adiyaman, S.W. Hwang, and J. Rokach Quantitative high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the four classes of F(2)-isoprostanes in human urine Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 23 1999 13381 13386
187. N.K. Gopaul, K. Zacharowski, B. Halliwell, and E.E. Anggard Evaluation of the postprandial effects of a fast-food meal on human plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels Free Radic Biol Med 28 5 2000 806 814
188. X. Yu, C.S. Ho, and C.W. Lam Biological variation of plasma F2-isoprostane-III and arachidonic acid in healthy individuals Clin Chem 50 8 2004 1428 1430
189. H.M. Alessio, and A.H. Goldfarb Lipid peroxidation and scavenger enzymes during exercise: adaptive response to training J Appl Physiol 64 4 1988 1333 1336
190. K.J. Davies, A.T. Quintanilha, G.A. Brooks, and L. Packer Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise Biochem Biophys Res Commun 107 4 1982 1198 1205
191. C.J. Dillard, R.E. Litov, W.M. Savin, E.E. Dumelin, and A.L. Tappel Effects of exercise, vitamin E, and ozone on pulmonary function and lipid peroxidation J Appl Physiol 45 6 1978 927 932
192. K. Fisher-Wellman, and R.J. Bloomer Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history Dyn Med 8 2009 1
193. Durand T, Bultel-Ponce V, Guy A, El Fangour S, Rossi JC, Galano JM. Isoprostanes and phytoprostanes: Bioactive lipids. Biochimie 2010; Epub ahead of print.