메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 428-452

The role of emotions in crisis responses: Inaugural test of the integrated crisis mapping (ICM) model

Author keywords

Communication management; Corporate communications; Emotional intelligence; Public relations; United States of America

Indexed keywords


EID: 78049519729     PISSN: 13563289     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13563281011085529     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 78049490928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • available at:, (accessed January 9, 2007)
    • Audit Bureau of Circulations (2006), available at: http://accessabc.com/reader/top150.htm (accessed January 9, 2007).
    • (2006)
  • 2
    • 33845495853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional approach and problem-focused coping: A comparison of potentially adaptive strategies
    • Baker, J.P. and Berenbaum, H. (2007), "Emotional approach and problem-focused coping: a comparison of potentially adaptive strategies" in Cognition and Emotion, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 95-118.
    • (2007) Cognition and Emotion , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-118
    • Baker, J.P.1    Berenbaum, H.2
  • 3
    • 85168523584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case study methods: Design, use and comparative advantage
    • Sprinz, D.F., Wolinsky-Nahmias, Y. (Eds.), University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI
    • Bennett, A. (2004), "Case study methods: design, use and comparative advantage" in Sprinz, D.F. and Wolinsky-Nahmias, Y. (Eds.), Models, Numbers, and Cases: Methods for Studying International Relations, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 19-55.
    • (2004) Models, Numbers, and Cases: Methods for Studying International Relations , pp. 19-55
    • Bennett, A.1
  • 5
    • 0031161113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image repair discourse and crisis communication
    • Benoit, W.L. (1997), "Image repair discourse and crisis communication" in Public Relations Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 177-86.
    • (1997) Public Relations Review , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-186
    • Benoit, W.L.1
  • 6
    • 84909103119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image restoration discourse and crisis communication
    • Millar, D.P., Heath, R.L. (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Benoit, W.L. (2004), "Image restoration discourse and crisis communication" in Millar, D.P. and Heath, R.L. (Eds.), Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 263-80.
    • (2004) Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication , pp. 263-280
    • Benoit, W.L.1
  • 7
    • 0002187220 scopus 로고
    • AT & T: 'apologies are not enough'
    • Benoit, W.L. and Brinson, S.L. (1994), "AT & T: 'apologies are not enough'" in Communication Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 75-88.
    • (1994) Communication Quarterly , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-88
    • Benoit, W.L.1    Brinson, S.L.2
  • 8
    • 0003094980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical analysis of USAir's image repair discourse
    • Benoit, W.L. and Czerwinski, A. (1997), "A critical analysis of USAir's image repair discourse" in Business Communication Quarterly, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 38-57.
    • (1997) Business Communication Quarterly , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 38-57
    • Benoit, W.L.1    Czerwinski, A.2
  • 9
    • 0002423150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay of affect and cognition: The mediating role of general knowledge structures
    • Forgas, J.P. (Ed.), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
    • Bless, H. (2000), "The interplay of affect and cognition: the mediating role of general knowledge structures" in Forgas, J.P. (Ed.), Feeling and Thinking: The Role of Affect in Social Cognition, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, pp. 201-22.
    • (2000) Feeling and Thinking: The Role of Affect in Social Cognition , pp. 201-222
    • Bless, H.1
  • 10
    • 84986384765 scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing affect as information in communication production
    • Booth-Butterfield, M. and Booth-Butterfield, S. (1990), "Conceptualizing affect as information in communication production" in Human Communication Research, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 451-76.
    • (1990) Human Communication Research , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-476
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1    Booth-Butterfield, S.2
  • 12
    • 0002314674 scopus 로고
    • The elaboration likelihood model: The role of affect and affect-laden information processing in persuasion
    • Cafferata, P., Tybout, A.M. (Eds.), Lexington Books, Lanham, MD
    • Cacioppo, J.T. and Petty, R.E. (1989), "The elaboration likelihood model: the role of affect and affect-laden information processing in persuasion" in Cafferata, P. and Tybout, A.M. (Eds.), Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advertising, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, pp. 69-89.
    • (1989) Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advertising , pp. 69-89
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 13
    • 84993086781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting past platitudes: Factors limiting accommodation in public relations
    • Cameron, G.T., Cropp, F. and Reber, B.H. (2001), "Getting past platitudes: factors limiting accommodation in public relations" in Journal of Communication Management, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 242-61.
    • (2001) Journal of Communication Management , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 242-261
    • Cameron, G.T.1    Cropp, F.2    Reber, B.H.3
  • 14
    • 48049088204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingency theory: Strategic management of conflict in public relations
    • Hansen-Horn, T., Neff, B. (Eds.), Pearson Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA
    • Cameron, G.T., Pang, A. and Jin, Y. (2008), "Contingency theory: strategic management of conflict in public relations" in Hansen-Horn, T. and Neff, B. (Eds.), Public Relations: From Theory to Practice, Pearson Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA, pp. 134-57.
    • (2008) Public Relations: From Theory to Practice , pp. 134-157
    • Cameron, G.T.1    Pang, A.2    Jin, Y.3
  • 16
    • 34547350241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functions and uses of media during the September 11 crisis and its aftermath
    • Noll, A.M. (Ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford
    • Carey, J. (2003), "The functions and uses of media during the September 11 crisis and its aftermath" in Noll, A.M. (Ed.), Crisis Communications: Lessons from September 11, Rowman & Littlefield, Oxford, pp. 1-16.
    • (2003) Crisis Communications: Lessons from September 11 , pp. 1-16
    • Carey, J.1
  • 17
    • 0017328823 scopus 로고
    • Perceived arousal, focus of attention, and avoidance behavior
    • Carver, C.S. and Blaney, P. (1977), "Perceived arousal, focus of attention, and avoidance behavior" in Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 86, pp. 154-62.
    • (1977) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 154-162
    • Carver, C.S.1    Blaney, P.2
  • 18
    • 85066183174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming ethnocentrism: The role of identity in contingent practice of international public relations
    • Choi, Y. and Cameron, G.T. (2005), "Overcoming ethnocentrism: the role of identity in contingent practice of international public relations" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 171-89.
    • (2005) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-189
    • Choi, Y.1    Cameron, G.T.2
  • 19
    • 84970515305 scopus 로고
    • Choosing the right words: The development of guidelines for the selection of the 'appropriate' crisis-response strategies
    • Coombs, W.T. (1995), "Choosing the right words: the development of guidelines for the selection of the 'appropriate' crisis-response strategies" in Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 447-76.
    • (1995) Management Communication Quarterly , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 447-476
    • Coombs, W.T.1
  • 20
    • 0000455048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation
    • Coombs, W.T. (1998), "An analytic framework for crisis situations: better responses from a better understanding of the situation" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 177-91.
    • (1998) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-191
    • Coombs, W.T.1
  • 23
    • 84990323801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues advertising as crisis communication: Northwest airlines' use of image restoration strategies during the 1998 pilots' strike
    • Cowden, K. and Sellnow, T.L. (2002), "Issues advertising as crisis communication: northwest airlines' use of image restoration strategies during the 1998 pilots' strike" in Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 193-219.
    • (2002) Journal of Business Communication , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-219
    • Cowden, K.1    Sellnow, T.L.2
  • 24
    • 77954224553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crisis management in the midst of labor strife: Preparing for the worst
    • Crandall, W. and Menefee, M.L. (1996), "Crisis management in the midst of labor strife: preparing for the worst" in SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 11-16.
    • (1996) SAM Advanced Management Journal , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-16
    • Crandall, W.1    Menefee, M.L.2
  • 28
    • 85066225701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated symmetrical model for crisis-communications management
    • Gonzalez-Herrero, A. and Pratt, C.B. (1996), "An integrated symmetrical model for crisis-communications management" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 79-105.
    • (1996) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-105
    • Gonzalez-Herrero, A.1    Pratt, C.B.2
  • 29
    • 85050412192 scopus 로고
    • Information and decision making in economic development
    • Grunig, J.E. (1969), "Information and decision making in economic development" in Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 46, pp. 565-75.
    • (1969) Journalism Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 565-575
    • Grunig, J.E.1
  • 30
    • 0039555493 scopus 로고
    • Defining publics in public relations: The case of a suburban hospital
    • Grunig, J.E. (1978), "Defining publics in public relations: the case of a suburban hospital" in Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 55, pp. 109-18.
    • (1978) Journalism Quarterly , vol.55 , pp. 109-118
    • Grunig, J.E.1
  • 31
    • 0010124322 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of a situational theory of communication: Internal and external concepts as identifiers of publics for AIDS
    • paper presented at the Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Portland, OR
    • Grunig, J.E. (1988), "Reconstruction of a situational theory of communication: internal and external concepts as identifiers of publics for AIDS", paper presented at the Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Portland, OR.
    • (1988)
    • Grunig, J.E.1
  • 32
    • 0007124075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A situational theory of publics: Conceptual history, recent challenges and new research
    • Moss, D., MacManus, T., Vercic, D. (Eds.), International Thomson Business Press, London
    • Grunig, J.E. (1997), "A situational theory of publics: conceptual history, recent challenges and new research" in Moss, D., MacManus, T. and Vercic, D. (Eds.), Public Relations Research: An International Perspective, International Thomson Business Press, London, pp. 3-46.
    • (1997) Public Relations Research: An International Perspective , pp. 3-46
    • Grunig, J.E.1
  • 33
    • 33845987519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of public relations in management and its contribution to organizational and societal effectiveness
    • speech delivered in Taipei, May 12
    • Grunig, J.E. (2001), "The role of public relations in management and its contribution to organizational and societal effectiveness", speech delivered in Taipei, May 12.
    • (2001)
    • Grunig, J.E.1
  • 36
    • 34247510641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harrison, S. (Ed.), Macmillan, London
    • Harrison, S. (Ed.) (1999), Disasters and the Media, Macmillan, London.
    • (1999) Disasters and the Media
  • 38
    • 0345456998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defending the Mercedes A-class: Combining and changing crisis responses strategies
    • Ihlen, O. (2002), "Defending the Mercedes A-class: combining and changing crisis responses strategies" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 185-206.
    • (2002) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-206
    • Ihlen, O.1
  • 39
    • 33750613236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale development for measuring stance as degree of accommodation
    • Jin, Y. and Cameron, G.T. (2006), "Scale development for measuring stance as degree of accommodation" in Public Relations Review, Vol. 3, No. 32, pp. 423-5.
    • (2006) Public Relations Review , vol.3 , Issue.32 , pp. 423-425
    • Jin, Y.1    Cameron, G.T.2
  • 40
    • 44849138407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic communication in crisis governance: Singapore's management of the SARS crisis
    • Jin, Y., Pang, A. and Cameron, G.T. (2006), "Strategic communication in crisis governance: Singapore's management of the SARS crisis" in Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 23, pp. 81-104.
    • (2006) Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies , vol.23 , pp. 81-104
    • Jin, Y.1    Pang, A.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 41
    • 39149120017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated crisis mapping: Towards a publics-based, emotion-driven conceptualization in crisis communication
    • Jin, Y., Pang, A. and Cameron, G.T. (2007), "Integrated crisis mapping: towards a publics-based, emotion-driven conceptualization in crisis communication" in Sphera Publica, Vol. 7, pp. 81-95.
    • (2007) Sphera Publica , vol.7 , pp. 81-95
    • Jin, Y.1    Pang, A.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 42
    • 84986164036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crisis management in Belgium: The case of Coca-Cola
    • Johnson, V. and Peppas, S.C. (2003), "Crisis management in Belgium: the case of Coca-Cola" in Corporate Communications, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 18-23.
    • (2003) Corporate Communications , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-23
    • Johnson, V.1    Peppas, S.C.2
  • 43
    • 0040734450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political communication
    • Salwen, M.B., Stacks, D.W. (Eds.), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Kaid, L.L. (1996), "Political communication" in Salwen, M.B. and Stacks, D.W. (Eds.), An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 443-56.
    • (1996) An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research , pp. 443-456
    • Kaid, L.L.1
  • 45
    • 55449119333 scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition
    • Lazarus, R.S. (1982), "Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition" in American Psychologist, Vol. 37, No. 9, pp. 1019-24.
    • (1982) American Psychologist , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1019-1024
    • Lazarus, R.S.1
  • 48
    • 4644347310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Audience-oriented approach to crisis communication
    • Lee, B.K. (2004), "Audience-oriented approach to crisis communication" in Communication Research, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 600-18.
    • (2004) Communication Research , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 600-618
    • Lee, B.K.1
  • 49
    • 0010080554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing individual and corporate crisis communication standards: The principles and tools
    • Lukaszweski, J.E. (1997), "Establishing individual and corporate crisis communication standards: the principles and tools" in Public Relations Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 7-15.
    • (1997) Public Relations Quarterly , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 7-15
    • Lukaszweski, J.E.1
  • 50
    • 33847255811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing organizational legitimacy: Communication strategies for organizations in crisis
    • Massey, J.E. (2001), "Managing organizational legitimacy: communication strategies for organizations in crisis" in The Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 153-82.
    • (2001) The Journal of Business Communication , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-182
    • Massey, J.E.1
  • 51
    • 78049507415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive dimensions of government intervention in crisis management: A qualitative content analysis of news coverage of the 2003 SARS epidemic in China
    • Meng, J. and Berger, B.K. (2008), "Comprehensive dimensions of government intervention in crisis management: a qualitative content analysis of news coverage of the 2003 SARS epidemic in China" in China Media Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 19-28.
    • (2008) China Media Research , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Meng, J.1    Berger, B.K.2
  • 52
    • 0030527796 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive moderators of negative-emotion effects: Implications for understanding media context
    • Murry, J.P. Jr and Dacin, P.A. (1995), "Cognitive moderators of negative-emotion effects: implications for understanding media context" in Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 439-47.
    • (1995) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-447
    • Murry Jr., J.P.1    Dacin, P.A.2
  • 54
    • 63349097754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict positioning in crisis communication: Integrating contingency stance and image repair strategies
    • University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
    • Pang, A. (2006), "Conflict positioning in crisis communication: integrating contingency stance and image repair strategies", University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO.
    • (2006)
    • Pang, A.1
  • 55
    • 84993074041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate crisis planning: Tensions, issues, and contradictions
    • Pang, A., Cropp, F. and Cameron, G.T. (2006), "Corporate crisis planning: tensions, issues, and contradictions" in Journal of Communication Management, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 371-89.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication Management , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 371-389
    • Pang, A.1    Cropp, F.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 56
    • 67649857429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'If we can learn some lessons in the process': A contingency approach to analyzing the Chinese government's management of the perception and emotion of its multiple publics during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis
    • paper presented at the Annual International Public Relations Research Conference, Miami, FL
    • Pang, A., Jin, Y. and Cameron, G.T. (2004), "'If we can learn some lessons in the process': a contingency approach to analyzing the Chinese government's management of the perception and emotion of its multiple publics during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis", paper presented at the Annual International Public Relations Research Conference, Miami, FL.
    • (2004)
    • Pang, A.1    Jin, Y.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 57
    • 84986133528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mercedes-Benz A-class
    • Puchan, H. (2001), "The Mercedes-Benz A-class" in Corporate Communications, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 42-7.
    • (2001) Corporate Communications , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-47
    • Puchan, H.1
  • 60
    • 0242583953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring contingencies: Using scales to measure public relations practitioner limits to accommodation
    • Reber, B.H. and Cameron, G.T. (2003), "Measuring contingencies: using scales to measure public relations practitioner limits to accommodation" in Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 431-46.
    • (2003) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 431-446
    • Reber, B.H.1    Cameron, G.T.2
  • 61
    • 85066197586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impossible odds: Contributions of legal counsel and public relations practitioners in a hostile bid for Conrail Inc. by Norfolk Southern Corporation
    • Reber, B.H., Cropp, F. and Cameron, G.T. (2003), "Impossible odds: contributions of legal counsel and public relations practitioners in a hostile bid for Conrail Inc. by Norfolk Southern Corporation" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-25.
    • (2003) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-25
    • Reber, B.H.1    Cropp, F.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 63
    • 0032160457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality, mood, and cognitive processing of emotional information: Three conceptual frameworks
    • Rusting, C.L. (1998), "Personality, mood, and cognitive processing of emotional information: three conceptual frameworks" in Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 165-96.
    • (1998) Psychological Bulletin , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-196
    • Rusting, C.L.1
  • 64
    • 78049522205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of conflict preceding a crisis: A case study analysis
    • Millar, D.P., Heath, R.L. (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Saunders, M.D. (2004), "Patterns of conflict preceding a crisis: a case study analysis" in Millar, D.P. and Heath, R.L. (Eds.), Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical, Approach to Crisis Communication, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 139-48.
    • (2004) Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical, Approach to Crisis Communication , pp. 139-148
    • Saunders, M.D.1
  • 65
    • 33745637740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practices in crisis communication: An expert panel process
    • Seeger, M.W. (2006), "Best practices in crisis communication: an expert panel process" in Journal of Applied Communication Research, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 232-44.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 232-244
    • Seeger, M.W.1
  • 66
    • 0036000519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A post-crisis discourse of renewal: The cases of Malden Mills and Cole Hardwoods
    • Seeger, M.W. and Ulmer, R.R. (2002), "A post-crisis discourse of renewal: the cases of Malden Mills and Cole Hardwoods" in Journal of Applied Communication Research, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 126-38.
    • (2002) Journal of Applied Communication Research , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-138
    • Seeger, M.W.1    Ulmer, R.R.2
  • 67
    • 23844451053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going head to head: Content analysis of high profile conflicts as played out in the press
    • Shin, J., Cheng, I., Jin, Y. and Cameron, G.T. (2005), "Going head to head: content analysis of high profile conflicts as played out in the press" in Public Relations Review, Vol. 31, pp. 399-406.
    • (2005) Public Relations Review , vol.31 , pp. 399-406
    • Shin, J.1    Cheng, I.2    Jin, Y.3    Cameron, G.T.4
  • 68
    • 0000285992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case studies
    • Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
    • Stake, R.E. (1998), "Case studies" in Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 86-109.
    • (1998) Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry , pp. 86-109
    • Stake, R.E.1
  • 69
    • 19044383653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten communication mistakes you can avoid when managing a crisis
    • Stanton, P.V. (2002), "Ten communication mistakes you can avoid when managing a crisis" in Public Relations Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 19-22.
    • (2002) Public Relations Quarterly , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 19-22
    • Stanton, P.V.1
  • 71
    • 85047686372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judgment under emotional uncertainty: The effects of specific emotions on information processing
    • Tiedens, L.Z. and Linton, S. (2001), "Judgment under emotional uncertainty: the effects of specific emotions on information processing" in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 81, pp. 973-88.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 973-988
    • Tiedens, L.Z.1    Linton, S.2
  • 72
    • 84990318021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective crisis management through established stakeholder relationships
    • Ulmer, R.R. (2001), "Effective crisis management through established stakeholder relationships" in Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 590-615.
    • (2001) Management Communication Quarterly , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 590-615
    • Ulmer, R.R.1
  • 73
    • 0034636232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent questions of ambiguity in organizational crisis communication: Jack in the box as case study
    • Ulmer, R.R. and Sellnow, T.L. (2000), "Consistent questions of ambiguity in organizational crisis communication: Jack in the box as case study" in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 143-55.
    • (2000) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-155
    • Ulmer, R.R.1    Sellnow, T.L.2
  • 77
    • 0003673547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 3rd ed
    • Yin, R.K. (2003), Case Study Research, 3rd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
    • (2003) Case Study Research
    • Yin, R.K.1
  • 78
    • 0033149368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations
    • Cancel, A.E., Mitrook, M.A. and Cameron, G.T. (1999), "Testing the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 171-97.
    • (1999) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-197
    • Cancel, A.E.1    Mitrook, M.A.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 79
    • 0000423295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ValuJet flight 592: Crisis communication theory blended and extended
    • Fishman, D.A. (1999), "ValuJet flight 592: crisis communication theory blended and extended" in Communication Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 345-75.
    • (1999) Communication Quarterly , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-375
    • Fishman, D.A.1
  • 80
    • 61849148258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public relations
    • Salwen, M.D., Stacks, D.W. (Eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Grunig, L.A. (1996), "Public relations" in Salwen, M.D. and Stacks, D.W. (Eds.), An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 459-77.
    • (1996) An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research , pp. 459-477
    • Grunig, L.A.1
  • 81
    • 33744468117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering emotion in public relations: An adapted appraisal model and an emotion-laden contingency plane
    • unpublished manuscript
    • Jin, Y. and Cameron, G.T. (2003), "Rediscovering emotion in public relations: an adapted appraisal model and an emotion-laden contingency plane", unpublished manuscript.
    • (2003)
    • Jin, Y.1    Cameron, G.T.2
  • 82
    • 33646502712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A relational approach examining interplay of prior reputation and immediate response to a crisis
    • Lyon, L. and Cameron, G.T. (2004), "A relational approach examining interplay of prior reputation and immediate response to a crisis" in Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 213-41.
    • (2004) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-241
    • Lyon, L.1    Cameron, G.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.