Mouse models of uterine corpus tumors: Clinical significance and utility

Frontiers in Bioscience - Elite

Volumn 2 E, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 882-895

  Friel, Anne M ^a,b   Growdon, Whitfield B ^a,b   McCann, Christopher K ^a,b   Olawaiye, Alexander B ^a,b   Munro, Elizabeth G ^a,b   Schorge, John O ^a,b   Castrillon, Diego H ^c   Broaddus, Russell R ^d   Rueda, Bo R ^a,b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Endometrium; Hyperplasis; Leiomyoma; Mouse models; Review; Uterus

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; DISEASE MODEL; FEMALE; MOUSE; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; UTERUS CANCER;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMALE; MICE; UTERINE NEOPLASMS;

EID: 77957376254     PISSN: 19450494     EISSN: 19450508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (177)

1. E. Sivridis and A. Giatromanolaki: The endometrial hyperplasias revisited. Virchows Arch, 453(3), 223-31 (2008)
2. J. M. Spicer, I. Siebert and T. F. Kruger: Postmenopausal bleeding: a diagnostic approach for both private and public sectors. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 61(3), 174-8 (2006)
3. J. K. Panda: One-stop clinic for postmenopausal bleeding. J Reprod Med, 47(9), 761-6 (2002)
4. F. Linkov, R. Edwards, J. Balk, Z. Yurkovetsky, B. Stadterman, A. Lokshin and E. Taioli: Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer and prevention: gaps in existing research of modifiable risk factors. Eur J Cancer, 44(12), 1632-44 (2008)
5. M. Epplein, S. D. Reed, L. F. Voigt, K. M. Newton, V. L. Holt and N. S. Weiss: Risk of complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia in relation to anthropometric measures and reproductive history. Am J Epidemiol, 168(6), 563-70; discussion 571-6 (2008)
6. A. T. Hertig, S. C. Sommers and H. Bengloff: Genesis of endometrial carcinoma; carcinoma in situ. Cancer, 2(6), 964-71, illust (1949)
7. F. Vellios: Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ. Gynecol Oncol, 2(2-3), 152-61 (1974)
8. W. B. Wentz: Progestin therapy in endometrial hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol, 2(2-3), 362-7 (1974)
9. H. K. Beutler, M. B. Dockerty and L. M. Randall: Precancerous lesions of the endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 86, 433-43 (1963)
10. R. E. Scully: Definition of precursors in gynecologic cancer. Cancer, 48(2 Suppl), 531-7 (1981) (Pubitemid 11058753)
11. R. J. Kurman, P. F. Kaminski and H. J. Norris: The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia. A long-term study of "untreated" hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer, 56(2), 403-12 (1985) (Pubitemid 15031667)
12. J. L. Hecht and G. L. Mutter: Molecular and pathologic aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis. J Clin Oncol, 24(29), 4783-91 (2006) (Pubitemid 46630943)
13. C. L. Trimble, J. Kauderer, R. Zaino, S. Silverberg, P. C. Lim, J. J. Burke, 2nd, D. Alberts and J. Curtin: Concurrent endometrial carcinoma in women with a biopsy diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Cancer, 106(4), 812-9 (2006) (Pubitemid 43238448)
14. M. E. Sherman: Theories of endometrial carcinogenesis: a multidisciplinary approach. Mod Pathol, 13(3), 295-308 (2000) (Pubitemid 30207514)
15. K. Ito, H. Utsunomiya, N. Yaegashi and H. Sasano: Biological roles of estrogen and progesterone in human endometrial carcinoma-new developments in potential endocrine therapy for endometrial cancer. Endocr J, 54(5), 667-79 (2007) (Pubitemid 351377743)
16. P. Kastner, A. Krust, B. Turcotte, U. Stropp, L. Tora, H. Gronemeyer and P. Chambon: Two distinct estrogenregulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. Embo J, 9(5), 1603-14 (1990)
17. U. Sartorius, I. Schmitz and P. H. Krammer: Molecular mechanisms of death-receptor-mediated apoptosis. Chembiochem, 2(1), 20-9 (2001)
18. W. T. Schrader and B. W. O'Malley: Progesteronebinding components of chick oviduct. IV. Characterization of purified subunits. J Biol Chem, 247(1), 51-9 (1972)
19. O. M. Conneely, B. L. Maxwell, D. O. Toft, W. T. Schrader and B. W. O'Malley: The A and B forms of the chicken progesterone receptor arise by alternate initiation of translation of a unique mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 149(2), 493-501 (1987) (Pubitemid 18023007)
20. W. Kleine, A. Fuchs and A. Pfleiderer: The importance of gestagen, tamoxifen and steroid receptors in the therapy of endometrial cancer. Report of an experiment. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 61(5), 449-53 (1982) (Pubitemid 13204302)
21. R. Mortel, R. J. Zaino and P. G. Satyaswaroop: Designing a schedule of progestin administration in the control of endometrial carcinoma growth in the nude mouse model. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 162(4), 928-34; discussion 934-6 (1990)
22. E. E. Baulieu: Contragestion with RU 486: a new approach to postovulatory fertility control. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl, 149, 5-8 (1989)
23. C. L. Clarke and R. L. Sutherland: Progestin regulation of cellular proliferation. Endocr Rev, 11(2), 266-301 (1990) (Pubitemid 20182871)
24. J. P. Lydon, F. J. DeMayo, C. R. Funk, S. K. Mani, A. R. Hughes, C. A. Montgomery, Jr., G. Shyamala, O. M. Conneely and B. W. O'Malley: Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities. Genes Dev, 9(18), 2266-78 (1995)
25. B. Mulac-Jericevic, R. A. Mullinax, F. J. DeMayo, J. P. Lydon and O. M. Conneely: Subgroup of reproductive functions of progesterone mediated by progesterone receptor-B isoform. Science, 289(5485), 1751-4 (2000)
26. S. M. El-Naggar, M. T. Malik, A. Martin, J. P. Moore, M. Proctor, T. Hamid and S. S. Kakar: Development of cystic glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium in Mullerian inhibitory substance type II receptor-pituitary tumor transforming gene transgenic mice. J Endocrinol, 194(1), 179-91 (2007) (Pubitemid 47162897)
27. A. W. Burgess: EGFR family: structure physiology signalling and therapeutic targets. Growth Factors, 26(5), 263-74 (2008)
28. N. V. Marozkina, S. M. Stiefel, H. F. Frierson, Jr. and S. J. Parsons: MMTV-EGF receptor transgene promotes preneoplastic conversion of multiple steroid hormoneresponsive tissues. J Cell Biochem, 103(6), 2010-8 (2008) (Pubitemid 351501929)
29. R. Brandt, R. Eisenbrandt, F. Leenders, W. Zschiesche, B. Binas, C. Juergensen and F. Theuring: Mammary gland specific hEGF receptor transgene expression induces neoplasia and inhibits differentiation. Oncogene, 19(17), 2129-37 (2000) (Pubitemid 30251378)
30. I. Ferby, M. Reschke, O. Kudlacek, P. Knyazev, G. Pante, K. Amann, W. Sommergruber, N. Kraut, A. Ullrich, R. Fassler and R. Klein: Mig6 is a negative regulator of EGF receptor-mediated skin morphogenesis and tumor formation. Nat Med, 12(5), 568-73 (2006)
31. K. L. Lee, K. R. Isham, L. Stringfellow, R. Rothrock and F. T. Kenney: Molecular cloning of cDNAs cognate to genes sensitive to hormonal control in rat liver. J Biol Chem, 260(30), 16433-8 (1985) (Pubitemid 16172365)
32. A. Makkinje, D. A. Quinn, A. Chen, C. L. Cadilla, T. Force, J. V. Bonventre and J. M. Kyriakis: Gene 33/Mig-6, a transcriptionally inducible adapter protein that binds GTP-Cdc42 and activates SAPK/JNK. A potential marker transcript for chronic pathologic conditions, such as diabetic nephropathy. Possible role in the response to persistent stress. J Biol Chem, 275(23), 17838-47 (2000) (Pubitemid 30430836)
33. P. O. Hackel, M. Gishizky and A. Ullrich: Mig-6 is a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor signal. Biol Chem, 382(12), 1649-62 (2001) (Pubitemid 34100596)
34. D. Fang, T. K. Nguyen, K. Leishear, R. Finko, A. N. Kulp, S. Hotz, P. A. Van Belle, X. Xu, D. E. Elder and M. Herlyn: A tumorigenic subpopulation with stem cell properties in melanomas. Cancer Res, 65(20), 9328-37 (2005) (Pubitemid 41508000)
35. L. Fiorentino, C. Pertica, M. Fiorini, C. Talora, M. Crescenzi, L. Castellani, S. Alema, P. Benedetti and O. Segatto: Inhibition of ErbB-2 mitogenic and transforming activity by RALT, a mitogen-induced signal transducer which binds to the ErbB-2 kinase domain. Mol Cell Biol, 20(20), 7735-50 (2000)
36. C. Li, D. G. Heidt, P. Dalerba, C. F. Burant, L. Zhang, V. Adsay, M. Wicha, M. F. Clarke and D. M. Simeone: Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res, 67(3), 1030-7 (2007)
37. N. Jin, J. L. Gilbert, R. R. Broaddus, F. J. Demayo and J. W. Jeong: Generation of a Mig-6 conditional null allele. Genesis, 45(11), 716-21 (2007)
38. S. Thakur, H. B. Zhang, Y. Peng, H. Le, B. Carroll, T. Ward, J. Yao, L. M. Farid, F. J. Couch, R. B. Wilson and B. L. Weber: Localization of BRCA1 and a splice variant identifies the nuclear localization signal. Mol Cell Biol, 17(1), 444-52 (1997) (Pubitemid 26425634)
39. C. A. Wilson, M. N. Payton, G. S. Elliott, F. W. Buaas, E. E. Cajulis, D. Grosshans, L. Ramos, D. M. Reese, D. J. Slamon and F. J. Calzone: Differential subcellular localization, expression and biological toxicity of BRCA1 and the splice variant BRCA1-delta11b. Oncogene, 14(1), 1-16 (1997) (Pubitemid 27042951)
40. D. Niederacher, H. X. An, S. Camrath, S. I. Dominik, U. J. Gohring, A. Oertel, M. Grass, P. Hantschmann, M. R. Lordnejad and M. W. Beckmann: Loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1, TP53 and TCRD markers analysed in sporadic endometrial cancer. Eur J Cancer, 34(11), 1770-6 (1998) (Pubitemid 28474234)
41. D. A. Levine, O. Lin, R. R. Barakat, M. E. Robson, D. McDermott, L. Cohen, J. Satagopan, K. Offit and J. Boyd: Risk of endometrial carcinoma associated with BRCA mutation. Gynecol Oncol, 80(3), 395-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 32207542)
42. M. E. Beiner, A. Finch, B. Rosen, J. Lubinski, P. Moller, P. Ghadirian, H. T. Lynch, E. Friedman, P. Sun and S. A. Narod: The risk of endometrial cancer in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. A prospective study. Gynecol Oncol, 104(1), 7-10 (2007) (Pubitemid 46054134)
43. S. S. Kim, L. Cao, S. C. Lim, C. Li, R. H. Wang, X. Xu, R. Bachelier and C. X. Deng: Hyperplasia and spontaneous tumor development in the gynecologic system in mice lacking the BRCA1-Delta11 isoform. Mol Cell Biol, 26(18), 6983-92 (2006) (Pubitemid 44387646)
44. D. M. Bortner and M. P. Rosenberg: Induction of mammary gland hyperplasia and carcinomas in transgenic mice expressing human cyclin E. Mol Cell Biol, 17(1), 453-9 (1997) (Pubitemid 26425635)
45. S. S. Kim, L. Cao, C. Li, X. Xu, L. J. Huber, L. A. Chodosh and C. X. Deng: Uterus hyperplasia and increased carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in mice carrying a targeted mutation of the Chk2 phosphorylation site in Brca1. Mol Cell Biol, 24(21), 9498-507 (2004) (Pubitemid 39391686)
46. A. Sullivan, M. Yuille, C. Repellin, A. Reddy, O. Reelfs, A. Bell, B. Dunne, B. A. Gusterson, P. Osin, P. J. Farrell, I. Yulug, A. Evans, T. Ozcelik, M. Gasco and T. Crook: Concomitant inactivation of p53 and Chk2 in breast cancer. Oncogene, 21(9), 1316-24 (2002) (Pubitemid 34214497)
47. D. W. Bell, J. M. Varley, T. E. Szydlo, D. H. Kang, D. C. Wahrer, K. E. Shannon, M. Lubratovich, S. J. Verselis, K. J. Isselbacher, J. F. Fraumeni, J. M. Birch, F. P. Li, J. E. Garber and D. A. Haber: Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Science, 286(5449), 2528-31 (1999)
48. N. Haruki, H. Saito, Y. Tatematsu, H. Konishi, T. Harano, A. Masuda, H. Osada, Y. Fujii and T. Takahashi: Histological type-selective, tumor-predominant expression of a novel CHK1 isoform and infrequent in vivo somatic CHK2 mutation in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res, 60(17), 4689-92 (2000)
49. A. Reddy, M. Yuille, A. Sullivan, C. Repellin, A. Bell, J. A. Tidy, D. J. Evans, P. J. Farrell, B. Gusterson, M. Gasco and T. Crook: Analysis of CHK2 in vulval neoplasia. Br J Cancer, 86(5), 756-60 (2002) (Pubitemid 34250819)
50. S. Okada and T. Ouchi: Cell cycle differences in DNA damage-induced BRCA1 phosphorylation affect its subcellular localization. J Biol Chem, 278(3), 2015-20 (2003) (Pubitemid 36801444)
51. O. A. Mohamed, M. Jonnaert, C. Labelle-Dumais, K. Kuroda, H. J. Clarke and D. Dufort: Uterine Wnt/betacatenin signaling is required for implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(24), 8579-84 (2005) (Pubitemid 40862778)
52. P. Machin, L. Catasus, C. Pons, J. Munoz, X. Matias-Guiu and J. Prat: CTNNB1 mutations and beta-catenin expression in endometrial carcinomas. Hum Pathol, 33(2), 206-12 (2002) (Pubitemid 34298736)
53. M. Saegusa, M. Hashimura, T. Yoshida and I. Okayasu: beta-Catenin mutations and aberrant nuclear expression during endometrial tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer, 84(2), 209-17 (2001) (Pubitemid 32113448)
54. J. W. Jeong, H. S. Lee, H. L. Franco, R. R. Broaddus, M. M. Taketo, S. Y. Tsai, J. P. Lydon and F. J. DeMayo: beta-catenin mediates glandular formation and dysregulation of beta-catenin induces hyperplasia formation in the murine uterus. Oncogene, 28(1), 31-40 (2009)
55. M. Saegusa, M. Hashimura, T. Kuwata, M. Hamano and I. Okayasu: Beta-catenin simultaneously induces activation of the p53-p21WAF1 pathway and overexpression of cyclin D1 during squamous differentiation of endometrial carcinoma cells. Am J Pathol, 164(5), 1739-49 (2004) (Pubitemid 38529776)
56. M. Saegusa and I. Okayasu: Frequent nuclear betacatenin accumulation and associated mutations in endometrioid-type endometrial and ovarian carcinomas with squamous differentiation. J Pathol, 194(1), 59-67 (2001)
57. S. Kazerounian, K. O. Yee and J. Lawler: Thrombospondins in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci, 65(5), 700-12 (2008)
58. K. Obata, S. J. Morland, R. H. Watson, A. Hitchcock, G. Chenevix-Trench, E. J. Thomas and I. G. Campbell: Frequent PTEN/MMAC mutations in endometrioid but not serous or mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Cancer Res, 58(10), 2095-7 (1998) (Pubitemid 28232892)
59. G. Matarese, C. Alviggi, V. Sanna, J. K. Howard, G. M. Lord, C. Carravetta, S. Fontana, R. I. Lechler, S. R. Bloom and G. De Placido: Increased leptin levels in serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with pelvic endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85(7), 2483-7 (2000) (Pubitemid 32269204)
60. M. Yamaguchi, K. Sugio, K. Ondo, T. Yano and K. Sugimachi: Reduced expression of thrombospondin-1 correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer, 36(2), 143-50 (2002) (Pubitemid 34296556)
61. T. Wakiyama, T. Shinohara, T. Shirakusa, A. S. John and G. P. Tuszynski: The localization of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), cysteine-serine-valine-threonine- cysteine-glycine (CSVTCG) TSP receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol, 16(2), 345-51 (2001) (Pubitemid 32297631)
62. A. Ludlow, K. O. Yee, R. Lipman, R. Bronson, P. Weinreb, X. Huang, D. Sheppard and J. Lawler: Characterization of integrin beta6 and thrombospondin-1 double-null mice. J Cell Mol Med, 9(2), 421-37 (2005) (Pubitemid 41595220)
63. S. Zhang, C. Balch, M. W. Chan, H. C. Lai, D. Matei, J. M. Schilder, P. S. Yan, T. H. Huang and K. P. Nephew: Identification and characterization of ovarian cancerinitiating cells from primary human tumors. Cancer Res, 68(11), 4311-20 (2008)
64. A. N. Elayadi, K. N. Samli, L. Prudkin, Y. H. Liu, A. Bian, X. J. Xie, Wistuba, II, J. A. Roth, M. J. McGuire and K. C. Brown: A peptide selected by biopanning identifies the integrin alphavbeta6 as a prognostic biomarker for nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer Res, 67(12), 5889-95 (2007) (Pubitemid 46985024)
65. N. Ahmed, C. Riley, G. E. Rice, M. A. Quinn and M. S. Baker: Alpha (v) beta (6) integrin-A marker for the malignant potential of epithelial ovarian cancer. J Histochem Cytochem, 50(10), 1371-80 (2002)
66. M. A. Behera, L. Feng, B. Yonish, W. Catherino, S. H. Jung and P. Leppert: Thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 mRNA and TSP-1 and TSP-2 protein expression in uterine fibroids and correlation to the genes COL1A1 and COL3A1 and to the collagen cross-link hydroxyproline. Reprod Sci, 14(8 Suppl), 63-76 (2007)
67. J. L. Hecht, B. M. Dolinski, H. A. Gardner, S. M. Violette and P. H. Weinreb: Overexpression of the alphavbeta6 integrin in endometrial cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 16(6), 543-7 (2008)
68. S. Hazelbag, G. G. Kenter, A. Gorter, E. J. Dreef, L. A. Koopman, S. M. Violette, P. H. Weinreb and G. J. Fleuren: Overexpression of the alpha v beta 6 integrin in cervical squamous cell carcinoma is a prognostic factor for decreased survival. J Pathol, 212(3), 316-24 (2007) (Pubitemid 47010065)
69. L. A. Van Aarsen, D. R. Leone, S. Ho, B. M. Dolinski, P. E. McCoon, D. J. LePage, R. Kelly, G. Heaney, P. Rayhorn, C. Reid, K. J. Simon, G. S. Horan, N. Tao, H. A. Gardner, M. M. Skelly, A. M. Gown, G. J. Thomas, P. H. Weinreb, S. E. Fawell and S. M. Violette: Antibodymediated blockade of integrin alpha v beta 6 inhibits tumor progression in vivo by a transforming growth factor-betaregulated mechanism. Cancer Res, 68(2), 561-70 (2008) (Pubitemid 351380085)
70. S. C. Mok, K. K. Wong, R. K. Chan, C. C. Lau, S. W. Tsao, R. C. Knapp and R. S. Berkowitz: Molecular cloning of differentially expressed genes in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol, 52(2), 247-52 (1994) (Pubitemid 24064379)
71. S. C. Mok, W. Y. Chan, K. K. Wong, K. K. Cheung, C. C. Lau, S. W. Ng, A. Baldini, C. V. Colitti, C. O. Rock and R. S. Berkowitz: DOC-2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene, 16(18), 2381-7 (1998) (Pubitemid 28226885)
72. Z. Fazili, W. Sun, S. Mittelstaedt, C. Cohen and X. X. Xu: Disabled-2 inactivation is an early step in ovarian tumorigenicity. Oncogene, 18(20), 3104-13 (1999) (Pubitemid 29261231)
73. S. A. Bagadi, C. P. Prasad, A. Srivastava, R. Prashad, S. D. Gupta and R. Ralhan: Frequent loss of Dab2 protein and infrequent promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 104(3), 277-86 (2007) (Pubitemid 47231278)
74. J. A. Karam, S. F. Shariat, H. Y. Huang, R. C. Pong, R. Ashfaq, E. Shapiro, Y. Lotan, A. I. Sagalowsky, X. R. Wu and J. T. Hsieh: Decreased DOC-2/DAB2 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Cancer Res, 13(15 Pt 1), 4400-6 (2007) (Pubitemid 47219706)
75. Y. Huang, H. Friess, J. Kleeff, I. Esposito, Z. Zhu, S. Liu, S. C. Mok, A. Zimmermann and M. W. Buchler: Doc-2/hDab2 expression is up-regulated in primary pancreatic cancer but reduced in metastasis. Lab Invest, 81(6), 863-73 (2001) (Pubitemid 32553407)
76. J. Kleeff, Y. Huang, S. C. Mok, A. Zimmermann, H. Friess and M. W. Buchler: Down-regulation of DOC-2 in colorectal cancer points to its role as a tumor suppressor in this malignancy. Dis Colon Rectum, 45(9), 1242-8 (2002)
77. D. H. Yang, Z. Fazili, E. R. Smith, K. Q. Cai, A. Klein-Szanto, C. Cohen, I. R. Horowitz and X. X. Xu: Disabled-2 heterozygous mice are predisposed to endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis and exhibit sex-biased embryonic lethality in a p53-null background. Am J Pathol, 169(1), 258-67 (2006)
78. X. Zhou and K. Chada: HMGI family proteins: architectural transcription factors in mammalian development and cancer. Keio J Med, 47(2), 73-7 (1998) (Pubitemid 128472975)
79. R. Reeves and L. Beckerbauer: HMGI/Y proteins: flexible regulators of transcription and chromatin structure. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1519(1-2), 13-29 (2001) (Pubitemid 32530787)
80. P. Rogalla, K. Drechsler, G. Frey, Y. Hennig, B. Helmke, U. Bonk and J. Bullerdiek: HMGI-C expression patterns in human tissues. Implications for the genesis of frequent mesenchymal tumors. Am J Pathol, 149(3), 775-9 (1996) (Pubitemid 26334162)
81. E. F. Schoenmakers, S. Wanschura, R. Mols, J. Bullerdiek, H. Van den Berghe and W. J. Van de Ven: Recurrent rearrangements in the high mobility group protein gene, HMGI-C, in benign mesenchymal tumours. Nat Genet, 10(4), 436-44 (1995)
82. B. Staats, U. Bonk, S. Wanschura, P. Hanisch, E. F. Schoenmakers, W. J. Van de Ven, S. Bartnitzke and J. Bullerdiek: A fibroadenoma with a t (4;12) (q27;q15) affecting the HMGI-C gene, a member of the high mobility group protein gene family. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 38(3), 299-303 (1996) (Pubitemid 26126664)
83. J. M. Geurts, E. F. Schoenmakers, E. Roijer, A. K. Astrom, G. Stenman and W. J. van de Ven: Identification of NFIB as recurrent translocation partner gene of HMGIC in pleomorphic adenomas. Oncogene, 16(7), 865-72 (1998) (Pubitemid 28102589)
84. P. Dal Cin, S. Wanschura, B. Kazmierczak, G. Tallini, A. Dei Tos, J. Bullerdiek, I. Van den Berghe, P. Moerman and H. Van den Berghe: Amplification and expression of the HMGIC gene in a benign endometrial polyp. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 22(2), 95-9 (1998) (Pubitemid 28208800)
85. M. R. Zaidi, Y. Okada and K. K. Chada: Misexpression of full-length HMGA2 induces benign mesenchymal tumors in mice. Cancer Res, 66(15), 7453-9 (2006) (Pubitemid 44289198)
86. J. V. Bokhman: Two pathogenetic types of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol, 15(1), 10-7 (1983) (Pubitemid 13194678)
87. M. E. Sherman, S. Sturgeon, L. A. Brinton, N. Potischman, R. J. Kurman, M. L. Berman, R. Mortel, L. B. Twiggs, R. J. Barrett and G. D. Wilbanks: Risk factors and hormone levels in patients with serous and endometrioid uterine carcinomas. Mod Pathol, 10(10), 963-8 (1997) (Pubitemid 27471115)
88. J. I. Risinger, A. Berchuck, M. F. Kohler, P. Watson, H. T. Lynch and J. Boyd: Genetic instability of microsatellites in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res, 53(21), 5100-3 (1993) (Pubitemid 23333372)
89. B. M. Ronnett, R. T. Burks, K. R. Cho and L. Hedrick: DCC genetic alterations and expression in endometrial carcinoma. Mod Pathol, 10(1), 38-46 (1997) (Pubitemid 27090773)
90. H. Tashiro, M. S. Blazes, R. Wu, K. R. Cho, S. Bose, S. I. Wang, J. Li, R. Parsons and L. H. Ellenson: Mutations in PTEN are frequent in endometrial carcinoma but rare in other common gynecological malignancies. Cancer Res, 57(18), 3935-40 (1997) (Pubitemid 27427679)
91. J. I. Risinger, K. Hayes, G. L. Maxwell, M. E. Carney, R. K. Dodge, J. C. Barrett and A. Berchuck: PTEN mutation in endometrial cancers is associated with favorable clinical and pathologic characteristics. Clin Cancer Res, 4(12), 3005-10 (1998) (Pubitemid 29001474)
92. J. I. Risinger, A. K. Hayes, A. Berchuck and J. C. Barrett: PTEN/MMAC1 mutations in endometrial cancers. Cancer Res, 57(21), 4736-8 (1997) (Pubitemid 27468978)
93. H. B. Salvesen, I. Stefansson, E. I. Kretzschmar, P. Gruber, N. D. MacDonald, A. Ryan, I. J. Jacobs, L. A. Akslen and S. Das: Significance of PTEN alterations in endometrial carcinoma: a population-based study of mutations, promoter methylation and PTEN protein expression. Int J Oncol, 25(6), 1615-23 (2004)
94. R. F. Caduff, C. M. Johnston and T. S. Frank: Mutations of the Ki-ras oncogene in carcinoma of the endometrium. Am J Pathol, 146(1), 182-8 (1995)
95. H. Lagarda, L. Catasus, R. Arguelles, X. Matias-Guiu and J. Prat: K-ras mutations in endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability. J Pathol, 193(2), 193-9 (2001) (Pubitemid 32118131)
96. S. F. Lax, B. Kendall, H. Tashiro, R. J. Slebos and L. Hedrick: The frequency of p53, K-ras mutations, and microsatellite instability differs in uterine endometrioid and serous carcinoma: evidence of distinct molecular genetic pathways. Cancer, 88(4), 814-24 (2000) (Pubitemid 30091101)
97. R. Halperin, S. Zehavi, L. Habler, E. Hadas, I. Bukovsky and D. Schneider: Comparative immunohistochemical study of endometrioid and serous papillary carcinoma of endometrium. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol, 22(2), 122-6 (2001) (Pubitemid 32963063)
98. A. Berchuck, G. Rodriguez, R. B. Kinney, J. T. Soper, R. K. Dodge, D. L. Clarke-Pearson and R. C. Bast, Jr.: Overexpression of HER-2/neu in endometrial cancer is associated with advanced stage disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 164(1 Pt 1), 15-21 (1991)
99. C. D. Rolitsky, K. S. Theil, V. R. McGaughy, L. J. Copeland and T. H. Niemann: HER-2/neu amplification and overexpression in endometrial carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol, 18(2), 138-43 (1999) (Pubitemid 29153280)
100. D. Tritz, M. Pieretti, S. Turner and D. Powell: Loss of heterozygosity in usual and special variant carcinomas of the endometrium. Hum Pathol, 28(5), 607-12 (1997) (Pubitemid 27213058)
101. G. L. Mutter, M. C. Lin, J. T. Fitzgerald, J. B. Kum, J. P. Baak, J. A. Lees, L. P. Weng and C. Eng: Altered PTEN expression as a diagnostic marker for the earliest endometrial precancers. J Natl Cancer Inst, 92(11), 924-30 (2000)
102. H. Sun, T. Enomoto, M. Fujita, H. Wada, K. Yoshino, K. Ozaki, T. Nakamura and Y. Murata: Mutational analysis of the PTEN gene in endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia. Am J Clin Pathol, 115(1), 32-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 33695088)
103. D. S. Charnock-Jones, A. M. Sharkey, P. Fenwick and S. K. Smith: Leukaemia inhibitory factor mRNA concentration peaks in human endometrium at the time of implantation and the blastocyst contains mRNA for the receptor at this time. J Reprod Fertil, 101(2), 421-6 (1994) (Pubitemid 24233801)
104. T. Ota, Y. Suzuki, T. Nishikawa, T. Otsuki, T. Sugiyama, R. Irie, A. Wakamatsu, K. Hayashi, H. Sato, K. Nagai, K. Kimura, H. Makita, M. Sekine, M. Obayashi, T. Nishi, T. Shibahara, T. Tanaka, S. Ishii, J. Yamamoto, K. Saito, Y. Kawai, Y. Isono, Y. Nakamura, K. Nagahari, K. Murakami, T. Yasuda, T. Iwayanagi, M. Wagatsuma, A. Shiratori, H. Sudo, T. Hosoiri, Y. Kaku, H. Kodaira, H. Kondo, M. Sugawara, M. Takahashi, K. Kanda, T. Yokoi, T. Furuya, E. Kikkawa, Y. Omura, K. Abe, K. Kamihara, N. Katsuta, K. Sato, M. Tanikawa, M. Yamazaki, K. Ninomiya, T. Ishibashi, H. Yamashita, K. Murakawa, K. Fujimori, H. Tanai, M. Kimata, M. Watanabe, S. Hiraoka, Y. Chiba, S. Ishida, Y. Ono, S. Takiguchi, S. Watanabe, M. Yosida, T. Hotuta, J. Kusano, K. Kanehori, A. Takahashi-Fujii, H. Hara, T. O. Tanase, Y. Nomura, S. Togiya, F. Komai, R. Hara, K. Takeuchi, M. Arita, N. Imose, K. Musashino, H. Yuuki, A. Oshima, N. Sasaki, S. Aotsuka, Y. Yoshikawa, H. Matsunawa, T. Ichihara, N. Shiohata, S. Sano, S. Moriya, H. Momiyama, N. Satoh, S. Takami, Y. Terashima, O. Suzuki, S. Nakagawa, A. Senoh, H. Mizoguchi, Y. Goto, F. Shimizu, H. Wakebe, H. Hishigaki, T. Watanabe, A. Sugiyama, M. Takemoto, B. Kawakami, M. Yamazaki, K. Watanabe, A. Kumagai, S. Itakura, Y. Fukuzumi, Y. Fujimori, M. Komiyama, H. Tashiro, A. Tanigami, T. Fujiwara, T. Ono, K. Yamada, Y. Fujii, K. Ozaki, M. Hirao, Y. Ohmori, A. Kawabata, T. Hikiji, N. Kobatake, H. Inagaki, Y. Ikema, S. Okamoto, R. Okitani, T. Kawakami, S. Noguchi, T. Itoh, K. Shigeta, T. Senba, K. Matsumura, Y. Nakajima, T. Mizuno, M. Morinaga, M. Sasaki, T. Togashi, M. Oyama, H. Hata, M. Watanabe, T. Komatsu, J. Mizushima-Sugano, T. Satoh, Y. Shirai, Y. Takahashi, K. Nakagawa, K. Okumura, T. Nagase, N. Nomura, H. Kikuchi, Y. Masuho, R. Yamashita, K. Nakai, T. Yada, Y. Nakamura, O. Ohara, T. Isogai and S. Sugano: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21, 243 fulllength human cDNAs. Nat Genet, 36(1), 40-5 (2004) (Pubitemid 38056206)
105. M. Tanaka, S. Kyo, T. Kanaya, N. Yatabe, M. Nakamura, Y. Maida, M. Okabe and M. Inoue: Evidence of the monoclonal composition of human endometrial epithelial glands and mosaic pattern of clonal distribution in luminal epithelium. Am J Pathol, 163(1), 295-301 (2003) (Pubitemid 36759614)
106. C. Bilbao, G. Rodriguez, R. Ramirez, O. Falcon, L. Leon, R. Chirino, J. F. Rivero, O. Falcon, Jr., B. N. Diaz-Chico, J. C. Diaz-Chico and M. Perucho: The relationship between microsatellite instability and PTEN gene mutations in endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer, 119(3), 563-70 (2006) (Pubitemid 43955709)
107. K. Podsypanina, L. H. Ellenson, A. Nemes, J. Gu, M. Tamura, K. M. Yamada, C. Cordon-Cardo, G. Catoretti, P. E. Fisher and R. Parsons: Mutation of Pten/Mmac1 in mice causes neoplasia in multiple organ systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(4), 1563-8 (1999) (Pubitemid 29098491)
108. A. Suzuki, J. L. de la Pompa, V. Stambolic, A. J. Elia, T. Sasaki, I. del Barco Barrantes, A. Ho, A. Wakeham, A. Itie, W. Khoo, M. Fukumoto and T. W. Mak: High cancer susceptibility and embryonic lethality associated with mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in mice. Curr Biol, 8(21), 1169-78 (1998) (Pubitemid 28494715)
109. A. Vilgelm, Z. Lian, H. Wang, S. L. Beauparlant, A. Klein-Szanto, L. H. Ellenson and A. Di Cristofano: Aktmediated phosphorylation and activation of estrogen receptor alpha is required for endometrial neoplastic transformation in Pten+/- mice. Cancer Res, 66(7), 3375-80 (2006)
110. V. Stambolic, M. S. Tsao, D. Macpherson, A. Suzuki, W. B. Chapman and T. W. Mak: High incidence of breast and endometrial neoplasia resembling human Cowden syndrome in pten+/- mice. Cancer Res, 60(13), 3605-11 (2000) (Pubitemid 30482183)
111. A. Staebler, S. F. Lax and L. H. Ellenson: Altered expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein in endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Hum Pathol, 31(3), 354-8 (2000) (Pubitemid 30161355)
112. H. Wang, W. Douglas, M. Lia, W. Edelmann, R. Kucherlapati, K. Podsypanina, R. Parsons and L. H. Ellenson: DNA mismatch repair deficiency accelerates endometrial tumorigenesis in Pten heterozygous mice. Am J Pathol, 160(4), 1481-6 (2002) (Pubitemid 34411650)
113. H. J. Lee, H. Sakamoto, H. Luo, M. E. Skaznik-Wikiel, A. M. Friel, T. Niikura, J. C. Tilly, Y. Niikura, R. Klein, A. K. Styer, L. R. Zukerberg, J. L. Tilly and B. R. Rueda: Loss of CABLES1, a cyclin-dependent kinaseinteracting protein that inhibits cell cycle progression, results in germline expansion at the expense of oocyte quality in adult female mice. Cell Cycle, 6(21), 2678-84 (2007) (Pubitemid 350224052)
114. T. Daikoku, Y. Hirota, S. Tranguch, A. R. Joshi, F. J. DeMayo, J. P. Lydon, L. H. Ellenson and S. K. Dey: Conditional loss of uterine Pten unfailingly and rapidly induces endometrial cancer in mice. Cancer Res, 68(14), 5619-27 (2008)
115. A. Fyles, G. Wood, M. Li, A. S. Manoukian, K. Gowing, R. Khokha, W. Chapman and M. S. Tsao: Neither ovariectomy nor progestin treatment prevents endometrial neoplasia in pten+/- mice. Gynecol Oncol, 108(2), 395-401 (2008) (Pubitemid 351181444)
116. C. L. Wu, S. D. Kirley, H. Xiao, Y. Chuang, D. C. Chung and L. R. Zukerberg: Cables enhances cdk2 tyrosine 15 phosphorylation by Wee1, inhibits cell growth, and is lost in many human colon and squamous cancers. Cancer Res, 61(19), 7325-32 (2001) (Pubitemid 32946532)
117. R. L. Debernardo, R. D. Littell, H. Luo, L. R. Duska, E. Oliva, S. D. Kirley, M. P. Lynch, L. R. Zukerberg and B. R. Rueda: Defining the extent of Cables loss in endometrial cancer subtypes and its effectiveness as an inhibitor of cell proliferation in malignant endometrial Cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther, 4 (1) (2005)
118. L. R. Zukerberg, R. L. DeBernardo, S. D. Kirley, M. D'Apuzzo, M. P. Lynch, R. D. Littell, L. R. Duska, L. Boring and B. R. Rueda: Loss of cables, a cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory protein, is associated with the development of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Cancer Res, 64(1), 202-8 (2004) (Pubitemid 38114099)
119. A. Ylikorkala, E. Avizienyte, I. P. Tomlinson, M. Tiainen, S. Roth, A. Loukola, A. Hemminki, M. Johansson, P. Sistonen, D. Markie, K. Neale, R. Phillips, P. Zauber, T. Twama, J. Sampson, H. Jarvinen, T. P. Makela and L. A. Aaltonen: Mutations and impaired function of LKB1 in familial and non-familial Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and a sporadic testicular cancer. Hum Mol Genet, 8(1), 45-51 (1999) (Pubitemid 29039047)
120. A. F. Hezel and N. Bardeesy: LKB1; linking cell structure and tumor suppression. Oncogene, 27(55), 6908-19 (2008)
121. A. Ylikorkala, D. J. Rossi, N. Korsisaari, K. Luukko, K. Alitalo, M. Henkemeyer and T. P. Makela: Vascular abnormalities and deregulation of VEGF in Lkb1-deficient mice. Science, 293(5533), 1323-6 (2001) (Pubitemid 32777423)
122. C. M. Contreras, S. Gurumurthy, J. M. Haynie, L. J. Shirley, E. A. Akbay, S. N. Wingo, J. O. Schorge, R. R. Broaddus, K. K. Wong, N. Bardeesy and D. H. Castrillon: Loss of Lkb1 provokes highly invasive endometrial adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res, 68(3), 759-66 (2008) (Pubitemid 351206752)
123. I. Miyoshi, K. Takahashi, Y. Kon, T. Okamura, Y. Mototani, Y. Araki and N. Kasai: Mouse transgenic for murine oviduct-specific glycoprotein promoter-driven simian virus 40 large T-antigen: tumor formation and its hormonal regulation. Mol Reprod Dev, 63(2), 168-76 (2002) (Pubitemid 34971376)
124. K. Jishage, J. Nezu, Y. Kawase, T. Iwata, M. Watanabe, A. Miyoshi, A. Ose, K. Habu, T. Kake, N. Kamada, O. Ueda, M. Kinoshita, D. E. Jenne, M. Shimane and H. Suzuki: Role of Lkb1, the causative gene of Peutz-Jegher's syndrome, in embryogenesis and polyposis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(13), 8903-8 (2002) (Pubitemid 34693656)
125. D. J. Rossi, A. Ylikorkala, N. Korsisaari, R. Salovaara, K. Luukko, V. Launonen, M. Henkemeyer, A. Ristimaki, L. A. Aaltonen and T. P. Makela: Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in a mouse model of Peutz-Jeghers polyposis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(19), 12327-32 (2002)
126. A. Hemminki, D. Markie, I. Tomlinson, E. Avizienyte, S. Roth, A. Loukola, G. Bignell, W. Warren, M. Aminoff, P. Hoglund, H. Jarvinen, P. Kristo, K. Pelin, M. Ridanpaa, R. Salovaara, T. Toro, W. Bodmer, S. Olschwang, A. S. Olsen, M. R. Stratton, A. de la Chapelle and L. A. Aaltonen: A serine/threonine kinase gene defective in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Nature, 391(6663), 184-7 (1998) (Pubitemid 28092478)
127. D. R. Alessi, K. Sakamoto and J. R. Bayascas: LKB1-dependent signaling pathways. Annu Rev Biochem, 75, 137-63 (2006) (Pubitemid 44118029)
128. A. M. Westerman, M. M. Entius, E. de Baar, P. P. Boor, R. Koole, M. L.
129. W. Lim, N. Hearle, B. Shah, V. Murday, S. V. Hodgson, A. Lucassen, D. Eccles, I. Talbot, K. Neale, A. G. Lim, J. O'Donohue, A. Donaldson, R. C. Macdonald, I. D. Young, M. H. Robinson, P. W. Lee, B. J. Stoodley, I. Tomlinson, D. Alderson, A. G. Holbrook, S. Vyas, E. T. Swarbrick, A. A. Lewis, R. K. Phillips and R. S. Houlston: Further observations on LKB1/STK11 status and cancer risk in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Br J Cancer, 89(2), 308-13 (2003) (Pubitemid 36976321)
130. W. Lim, S. Olschwang, J. J. Keller, A. M. Westerman, F. H. Menko, L. A. Boardman, R. J. Scott, J. Trimbath, F. M. Giardiello, S. B. Gruber, J. J. Gille, G. J. Offerhaus, F. W. de Rooij, J. H. Wilson, A. D. Spigelman, R. K. Phillips and R. S. Houlston: Relative frequency and morphology of cancers in STK11 mutation carriers. Gastroenterology, 126(7), 1788-94 (2004) (Pubitemid 38736344)
131. K. Inoki, T. Zhu and K. L. Guan: TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. Cell, 115(5), 577-90 (2003) (Pubitemid 37506046)
132. Y. M. Jonkers, S. M. Claessen, A. Perren, S. Schmid, P. Komminoth, A. A. Verhofstad, L. J. Hofland, R. R. de Krijger, P. J. Slootweg, F. C. Ramaekers and E. J. Speel: Chromosomal instability predicts metastatic disease in patients with insulinomas. Endocr Relat Cancer, 12(2), 435-47 (2005) (Pubitemid 40896457)
133. A. Semczuk, C. Boltze, B. Marzec, A. Szczygielska, A. Roessner and R. Schneider-Stock: p16INK4A alterations are accompanied by aberrant protein immunostaining in endometrial carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 129(10), 589-96 (2003) (Pubitemid 37363599)
134. S. F. Sells, S. S. Han, S. Muthukkumar, N. Maddiwar, R. Johnstone, E. Boghaert, D. Gillis, G. Liu, P. Nair, S. Monnig, P. Collini, M. P. Mattson, V. P. Sukhatme, S. G. Zimmer, D. P. Wood, Jr., J. W. McRoberts, Y. Shi and V. M. Rangnekar: Expression and function of the leucine zipper protein Par-4 in apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol, 17(7), 3823-32 (1997) (Pubitemid 27281857)
135. I. Garcia-Cao, A. Duran, M. Collado, M. J. Carrascosa, J. Martin-Caballero, J. M. Flores, M. T. Diaz-Meco, J. Moscat and M. Serrano: Tumour-suppression activity of the proapoptotic regulator Par4. EMBO Rep, 6(6), 577-83 (2005) (Pubitemid 40973968)
136. J. Cook, S. Krishnan, S. Ananth, S. F. Sells, Y. Shi, M. M. Walther, W. M. Linehan, V. P. Sukhatme, M. H. Weinstein and V. M. Rangnekar: Decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene, 18(5), 1205-8 (1999) (Pubitemid 29085993)
137. G. Moreno-Bueno, P. J. Fernandez-Marcos, M. Collado, M. J. Tendero, S. M. Rodriguez-Pinilla, I. Garcia-Cao, D. Hardisson, M. T. Diaz-Meco, J. Moscat, M. Serrano and J. Palacios: Inactivation of the candidate tumor suppressor par-4 in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res, 67(5), 1927-34 (2007) (Pubitemid 46424208)
138. R. A. DePinho: The age of cancer. Nature, 408(6809), 248-54 (2000)
139. P. Yan, J. Benhattar, J. M. Coindre and L. Guillou: Telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression can be heterogeneous and does not correlate with telomere length in soft tissue sarcomas. Int J Cancer, 98(6), 851-6 (2002) (Pubitemid 34286680)
140. K. K. Wong and R. A. DePinho: Walking the telomere plank into cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 95(16), 1184-6 (2003) (Pubitemid 37069539)
141. D. Gisselsson, T. Jonson, A. Petersen, B. Strombeck, P. Dal Cin, M. Hoglund, F. Mitelman, F. Mertens and N. Mandahl: Telomere dysfunction triggers extensive DNA fragmentation and evolution of complex chromosome abnormalities in human malignant tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(22), 12683-8 (2001) (Pubitemid 33020006)
142. E. A. Akbay, C. M. Contreras, S. A. Perera, J. P. Sullivan, R. R. Broaddus, J. O. Schorge, R. Ashfaq, H. Saboorian, K. K. Wong and D. H. Castrillon: Differential roles of telomere attrition in type I and II endometrial carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol, 173(2), 536-44 (2008)
143. S. E. Artandi and R. A. DePinho: A critical role for telomeres in suppressing and facilitating carcinogenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 10(1), 39-46 (2000) (Pubitemid 30113704)
144. S. E. Artandi and R. A. DePinho: Mice without telomerase: what can they teach us about human cancer? Nat Med, 6(8), 852-5 (2000) (Pubitemid 30644736)
145. D. W. Lee, T. B. Gibson, G. S. Carls, R. J. Ozminkowski, S. Wang and E. A. Stewart: Uterine fibroid treatment patterns in a population of insured women. Fertil Steril (2008)
146. P. E. Schwartz and M. G. Kelly: Malignant transformation of myomas: myth or reality? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 33(1), 183-98, xii (2006)
147. U. Indraccolo, G. Luchetti and S. R. Indraccolo: Malignant transformation of uterine leiomyomata. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol, 29(5), 543-4 (2008)
148. S. E. Brooks, M. Zhan, T. Cote and C. R. Baquet: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis of 2677 cases of uterine sarcoma 1989-1999. Gynecol Oncol, 93(1), 204-8 (2004) (Pubitemid 38429571)
149. P. S. Tanwar, H. J. Lee, L. Zhang, L. R. Zukerberg, M. M. Taketo, B. R. Rueda and J. M. Teixeira: Constitutive activation of beta-catenin in uterine stroma and smooth muscle leads to the development of mesenchymal tumors in mice. Biol Reprod (2009)
150. C. L. Walker, D. Hunter and J. I. Everitt: Uterine leiomyoma in the Eker rat: a unique model for important diseases of women. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 38(4), 349-56 (2003) (Pubitemid 37466936)
151. B. Romagnolo, T. Molina, G. Leroy, C. Blin, A. Porteux, M. Thomasset, A. Vandewalle, A. Kahn and C. Perret: Estradiol-dependent uterine leiomyomas in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest, 98(3), 777-84 (1996) (Pubitemid 26349183)
152. K. Politi, A. Kljuic, M. Szabolcs, P. Fisher, T. Ludwig and A. Efstratiadis: 'Designer' tumors in mice. Oncogene, 23(8), 1558-65 (2004)
153. L. Strizzi, C. Bianco, M. Hirota, K. Watanabe, M. Mancino, S. Hamada, A. Raafat, S. Lawson, A. D. Ebert, A. D'Antonio, S. Losito, N. Normanno and D. S. Salomon: Development of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in MMTV-CR-1 transgenic mice. J Pathol, 211(1), 36-44 (2007) (Pubitemid 46092027)
154. B. Seliger, M. J. Maeurer and S. Ferrone: Antigenprocessing machinery breakdown and tumor growth. Immunol Today, 21(9), 455-64 (2000)
155. L. Van Kaer, P. G. Ashton-Rickardt, M. Eichelberger, M. Gaczynska, K. Nagashima, K. L. Rock, A. L. Goldberg, P. C. Doherty and S. Tonegawa: Altered peptidase and viral-specific T cell response in LMP2 mutant mice. Immunity, 1(7), 533-41 (1994)
156. Z. P. Cai, Z. Shen, L. Van Kaer and L. C. Becker: Ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection is lost in mice with immunoproteasome subunit low molecular mass polypeptide-2 deficiency. Faseb J, 22(12), 4248-57 (2008)
157. T. Hayashi and D. L. Faustman: Development of spontaneous uterine tumors in low molecular mass polypeptide-2 knockout mice. Cancer Res, 62(1), 24-7 (2002) (Pubitemid 34073979)
158. T. Hayashi, Y. Kobayashi, A. Horiuchi, N. Hiraoka, N. Kubota, Y. Kanai, H. Aburatani, I. Konishi and K. Sano: Molecular mechanisms of uterine leiomyosarcomas: Involvement of defective LMP2 activation. Med Hypotheses Res, 4, 11-20 (2008)
159. L. Yamasaki, T. Jacks, R. Bronson, E. Goillot, E. Harlow and N. J. Dyson: Tumor induction and tissue atrophy in mice lacking E2F-1. Cell, 85(4), 537-48 (1996) (Pubitemid 26157192)
160. Z. Zhang, J. Li, L. E. Lantry, Y. Wang, R. W. Wiseman, R. A. Lubet and M. You: p53 transgenic mice are highly susceptible to 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine- induced uterine sarcomas. Cancer Res, 62(11), 3024-9 (2002) (Pubitemid 34602389)
161. K. Mitsumori, H. Onodera, T. Shimo, K. Yasuhara, H. Takagi, T. Koujitani, M. Hirose, C. Maruyama and S. Wakana: Rapid induction of uterine tumors with p53 point mutations in heterozygous p53-deficient CBA mice given a single intraperitoneal administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. Carcinogenesis, 21(5), 1039-42 (2000) (Pubitemid 30265152)
162. K. Mitsumori, T. Shimo, H. Onodera, H. Takagi, K. Yasuhara, T. Tamura, Y. Aoki, O. Nagata and M. Hirose: Modifying effects of ethinylestradiol but not methoxychlor on N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced uterine carcinogenesis in heterozygous p53-deficient CBA mice. Toxicol Sci, 58(1), 43-9 (2000)
163. H. Suzuki, T. Chiba, M. Kobayashi, M. Takeuchi, T. Suzuki, A. Ichiyama, T. Ikenoue, M. Omata, K. Furuichi and K. Tanaka: IkappaBalpha ubiquitination is catalyzed by an SCF-like complex containing Skp1, cullin-1, and two Fbox/WD40-repeat proteins, betaTrCP1 and betaTrCP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 256(1), 127-32 (1999) (Pubitemid 29298929)
164. T. Cardozo and M. Pagano: The SCF ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 5(9), 739-51 (2004) (Pubitemid 39208183)
165. L. Busino, M. Donzelli, M. Chiesa, D. Guardavaccaro, D. Ganoth, N. V. Dorrello, A. Hershko, M. Pagano and G. F. Draetta: Degradation of Cdc25A by beta-TrCP during S phase and in response to DNA damage. Nature, 426(6962), 87-91 (2003) (Pubitemid 37432546)
166. H. Matsuyama, Y. Pan, S. Yoshihiro, D. Kudren, K. Naito, U. S. Bergerheim and P. Ekman: Clinical significance of chromosome 8p, 10q, and 16q deletions in prostate cancer. Prostate, 54(2), 103-11 (2003) (Pubitemid 36120326)
167. F. Mertens, B. Johansson, M. Hoglund and F. Mitelman: Chromosomal imbalance maps of malignant solid tumors: a cytogenetic survey of 3185 neoplasms. Cancer Res, 57(13), 2765-80 (1997) (Pubitemid 27283792)
168. Y. Kudo, D. Guardavaccaro, P. G. Santamaria, R. Koyama-Nasu, E. Latres, R. Bronson, L. Yamasaki and M. Pagano: Role of F-box protein betaTrcp1 in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol, 24(18), 8184-94 (2004) (Pubitemid 39167466)
169. S. Orsulic, Y. Li, R. A. Soslow, L. A. Vitale-Cross, J. S. Gutkind and H. E. Varmus: Induction of ovarian cancer by defined multiple genetic changes in a mouse model system. Cancer Cell, 1(1), 53-62 (2002) (Pubitemid 41039176)
170. D. M. Dinulescu, T. A. Ince, B. J. Quade, S. A. Shafer, D. Crowley and T. Jacks: Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med, 11(1), 63-70 (2005) (Pubitemid 40215839)
171. F. Sugiyama, K. Yagami and B. Paigen: Mouse models of blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep, 3(1), 41-8 (2001)
172. M. Yoshioka, T. Kayo, T. Ikeda and A. Koizumi: A novel locus, Mody4, distal to D7Mit189 on chromosome 7 determines early-onset NIDDM in nonobese C57BL/6 (Akita) mutant mice. Diabetes, 46(5), 887-94 (1997) (Pubitemid 27188269)
173. M. L. Klebig, J. E. Wilkinson, J. G. Geisler and R. P. Woychik: Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92(11), 4728-32 (1995)
174. H. Ueda, H. Ikegami, E. Yamato, J. Fu, M. Fukuda, G. Shen, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Takekawa, Y. Fujioka, T. Fujisawa and et al.: The NSY mouse: a new animal model of spontaneous NIDDM with moderate obesity. Diabetologia, 38(5), 503-8 (1995)
175. H. Kikutani and S. Makino: The murine autoimmune diabetes model: NOD and related strains. Adv Immunol, 51, 285-322 (1992)
176. S. P. Shah, M. Kobel, J. Senz, R. D. Morin, B. A. Clarke, K. C. Wiegand, G. Leung, A. Zayed, E. Mehl, S. E. Kalloger, M. Sun, R. Giuliany, E. Yorida, S. Jones, R. Varhol, K. D. Swenerton, D. Miller, P. B. Clement, C. Crane, J. Madore, D. Provencher, P. Leung, A. DeFazio, J. Khattra, G. Turashvili, Y. Zhao, T. Zeng, J. N. Glover, B. Vanderhyden, C. Zhao, C. A. Parkinson, M. Jimenez-Linan, D. D. Bowtell, A. M. Mes-Masson, J. D. Brenton, S. A. Aparicio, N. Boyd, M. Hirst, C. B. Gilks, M. Marra and D. G. Huntsman: Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. N Engl J Med, 360(26), 2719-29 (2009)
177. W. B. Growdon, S. L. Boisvert, S. Akhavanfard, E. Oliva, D. C. Dias-Santagata, S. Kojiro, N. S. Horowitz, A. J. Iafrate, D. R. Borger and B. R. Rueda: Decreased survival in EGFR gene amplified vulvar carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol, 111(2), 289-97 (2008)