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At the resulting 90° domain walls no reversal in the d33 coefficient sign occurs, and the resulting LPFM signal is complex, and rather difficult to interpret quantitatively given the narrowness of the a-domains. These domain walls will thus not be discussed in the paper
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At the resulting 90° domain walls no reversal in the d33 coefficient sign occurs, and the resulting LPFM signal is complex, and rather difficult to interpret quantitatively given the narrowness of the a-domains. These domain walls will thus not be discussed in the paper.
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Cantilever length: 230 μm; cantilever thickness: 4 μm; cantilever width: 40 μm; tilength: 20 μm; opening angle 40
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Cantilever length: 230 μm; cantilever thickness: 4 μm; cantilever width: 40 μm; tip length: 20 μm; opening angle 40°.
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note
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29 Moreover, we noticed that the phase reference may change when the lock-in is switched on and off or when the frequency or ac amplitude is changed. Therefore it may not yield a reproducible contrast phase from one measurement to another. This is the reason why the contrast is inverted between Figs.. However, we have checked with other setups that this phase change between two measurements at the same frequency has no physical origin and is linked to the internal lock-in phase reference change.
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In fact, depending on the direction of the domain wall, the signal will result from a linear combination of the d35 and d34 coefficients, equivalent in a tetragonal material like PZT. In the following, we will only use the d35 term to account for the resulting piezoelectric coefficient.
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34
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77956306755
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note
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In the region separating these two configurations, the setpoint was increased to obtained a noncontact regime. Instead, we obtained an unstable oscillation between the weak and noncontact regimes, and thus had to further decrease the deflection setpoint to ensure a stable noncontact regime.
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-
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35
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77956332001
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note
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The passivation of the surface charge depends both on the quality of the ferroelectric film, since the presence of defects can give rise to mobile charge carriers in these nominally insulating materials, and on the external environment, which can provide surface screening charges.
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36
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77956314631
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In imaging, the LPFM signal is amplified by a factor 16; this is however corrected in our simulations
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In imaging, the LPFM signal is amplified by a factor 16; this is however corrected in our simulations.
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