Physiological adaptations of stressed fish to polluted environments: Role of heat shock proteins

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Volumn 206, Issue , 2010, Pages 1-27

  Padmini, Ekambaram ^a  

^a BHARATHI WOMEN S COLLEGE   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN;

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECT; FISH; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; REVIEW; WATER POLLUTANT;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; FISHES; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 77956088193     PISSN: 01795953     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6260-7_1     Document Type: Article

References (199)

1. Abele D, Puntarulo S (2004) Formation of reactive species and induction of antioxidant defense systems in polar and temperate marine invertebrates and fish. Comp Biochem Physiol B 138:405-415
2. Ackerman PA, Forsyth RB, Mazur CF, Iwama GK (2000) Stress hormones and the cellular stress response in salmonids. Fish Physiol Biochem 23:327-336
3. Ahmad I, Hamid T, Fatima M, Chand HS, Jain SK, Athar M, Raisuddin S (2000) Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch.) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1523:37-48
4. Airaksinen S, Rabergh CM, Sistonen L, Nikinmaa M (1998) Effects of heat shock and hypoxia on protein synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cells. J Exp Biol 201: 2543-2551
5. Airaksinen S, Rabergh CMI, Lahti A, Kaatrasalo A, Sistonen L, Nikinmaa M (2003) Stressordependent regulation of the heat shock response in Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Comp Biochem Physiol A 134:839-846
6. An WG, Schulte TW, Neckers LM (2000) The heat shock protein 90 antagonist geldanamycin alters chaperone association with p210bcr-abl and v-src proteins before their degradation by the proteasome. Cell Growth Differ 11:355-360
7. Arai A, Naruse K, Mitani H, Shima A (1995) Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for 70-kDa heat-shock proteins (Hsp70) from two fish species of the genus Oryzias. Jpn J Genet 70: 423-433
8. Arrigo AP (2001) HSP27: novel regulator of intracellular redox state. IUBMB Life 52:303-307
9. Barja G, Herrero A (2000) Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is inversely related to maximum life span in the heart and brain of mammals. FASEB J 14:312-318
10. Barton BA (2002) Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integr Comp Biol 42:517-525
11. Barton BA, Morgan JD, Vijayan MM (2002) Physiological and condition-related indicators of environmental stress in fish. In: Adams SM (ed) Biological indicators of aquatic ecosystem stress. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, pp 111-148
12. Basso AD, Solit DB, Chiosis G, Giri B, Tsichlis P, Rosen N (2002) Akt forms an intracellular complex with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and Cdc37 and is destabilized by inhibitors of HSP90 function. J Biol Chem 277:39858-39866
13. Basu N, Nakano T, Grau EG, Iwama GK (2001) The effects of cortisol on heat shock protein 70 levels in two fish species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 124:97-105
14. Basu N, Todgham AE, Ackerman PA, Bibeau MR, Nakano K, Schulte PM, Iwama GK (2002) Heat shock protein genes and their functional significance in fish. Gene 295:173-183
15. Beere HM (2004) 'The stress of dying': the role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of apoptosis. J Cell Sci 117:2641-2651
16. Beere HM, Wolf BB, Cain K, Mosser DD, Mahboubi A, Kuwana T, Tailor P, Morimoto RI, Cohen GM, Green DR (2000) Heat shock protein 70 inhibits apoptosis by preventing recruitment of procaspase-9 to the Apaf-1 apoptosome. Nat Cell Biol 2:469-475
17. Benjamin IJ, McMillan DR (1998) Stress (heat shock) proteins: molecular chaperones in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ Res 83:117-132
18. Blagosklonny MV (2002) HSP90 associated oncoproteins: multiple targets of geldanamycin and its analogs. Leukemia 16:455-462
19. Brown MA, Upender RP, Hightower LE, Renfro JL (1992) Thermoprotection of a functional epithelium: heat stress effects on transepithelial transport by flounder renal tubule in primary monolayer culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3246-3250
20. Bruey JM, Ducasse C, Bonniaud P, Ravagnan L, Susin SA, Diaz-Latoud C, Gurbuxani S, Arrigo AP, Kroemer G, Solary E, Garrido C (2000) HSP27 negatively regulates cell death by interacting with cytochrome c. Nat Cell Biol 2:645-652
21. Buchner J (1999) HSP90 and co - a holding for folding. Trends Biochem Sci 24:136-141
22. Buckley BA, Place SP, Hofmann GE (2004) Regulation of heat shock genes in isolated hepatocytes from an Antarctic fish, Trematomus bernacchii. J Exp Biol 207:3649-3656
23. Buet A, Barilloet S, Camilleri V (2002) Changes in oxidative stress parameters in fish as response to direct uranium exposure. Radioprot Suppl 40:S151-S155
24. Buettner GR, Schafer FQ (2000) Free radicals, oxidants and antioxidants. Teratol 62:234
25. Bukau B, Horwich AL (1998) The HSP70 and HSP60 chaperone machines. Cell 92:351-366
26. Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Ravagna A, Fariello RG, Giuffrida Stella AM, Abraham NG (2002) Regional distribution of heme oxygenase, HSP70, and glutathione in brain: relevance for endogenous oxidant/antioxidant balance and stress tolerance. J Neurosci Res 68: 65-75
27. Cappo M, Alongi DM,Williams D, Duke N (1998) A review and synthesis of Australian Fisheries Habitat Research: major threats, issues and gaps in knowledge of coastal and marine fisheries habitats. Fish Res Dev Corp. pp. 53
28. Cara JB, Aluru N, Moyano FJ, Vijayan MM (2005) Food-deprivation induces HSP70 and HSP90 protein expression in larval gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B 142:426-431
29. Carpenter CM, Hofmann GE (2000) Expression of 70 kDa heat shock proteins in Antarctic and New Zealand notothenioid fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol 125:229-238
30. Carratu L, Gracey AY, Buono S, Maresca B (1998) Do Antarctic fish respond to heat shock? In: di Prisco G, Pisano E, Clarke A (eds) Fishes of the Antarctic: a biological overview. Springer, Milan, pp 111-118
31. Chapple JP, Smerdon GR, Berry RJ, Hawkins AJS (1998) Seasonal changes in stress-70 protein levels reflect thermal tolerance in the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis L. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 229:53-68
32. Chauhan D, Li G, Hideshima T, Podar K, Mitsiades C, Mitsiades N, Catley L, Tai YT, Hayashi T, Shringharpure R, Burger R, Munshi N, Ohtake Y, Saxena S, Anderson KC (2003) HSP27 inhibits release of mitochondrial protein Smac in multiple myeloma cells and confers dexamethasone resistance. Blood 102:3379-3386
33. Chen Z, Cheng C.-HC, Zhang J, Cao L, Chen L, Zhou L, Jin Y, Ye H, Deng C, Dai Z, Xu Q, Hu P, Sun S, Shen Y, Chen L (2008) Transcriptomic and genomic evolution under constant cold in Antarctic notothenioid fish. Prot Natl Acad Sci USA 105:12944-12949
34. Cheng P, Liu X, Zhang G, Deng Y (2006) Heat shock protein 70 gene expression in four hatchery Pacific Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino populations using for marker-assisted selection. Aquaculture Res 37:1290-1296
35. Cissel DS, Beaven MA (2000) Disruption of Raf-1/heat shock protein 90 complex and Raf signaling by dexamethasone in mast cells. J Biol Chem 275:7066-7070
36. Clarkson K, Kieffer JD, Currie S (2005) Exhaustive exercise and the cellular stress response in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol A 140:225-232
37. Cossu C, Doyotte A, Jacquin MC, Babut M, Exinger A, Vasseur P (1997) Glutathione reductase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation in freshwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, as biomarkers of aquatic contamination in field studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 38:122-131
38. Cossu C, Doyotte A, Babut M, Exinger A, Vasseur P (2000) Antioxidant biomarkers in freshwater bivalves, Unio tumidus, in response to different contamination profiles of aquatic sediments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 45:106-121
39. Csermely P (2004) Strong links are important, but weak links stabilize them. Trends Biochem Sci 29:331-334
40. Csermely P, Schnaider T, Soti C, Prohaszka Z, Nadai G (1998) The 90-kDa molecular chaperone family: structure, function and clinical applications. A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 79:129-168
41. Currie S, Tufts BL (1997) Synthesis of stress protein 70 (HSP70) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of red blood cells. J Exp Biol 200:607-614
42. Currie S, Tufts BL, Moyes CD (1999) Influence of bioenergetic stress on heat shock protein gene expression in nucleated red blood cells of fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 276:R990-R996
43. Currie S, Moyes CD, Tufts BL (2000) The effects of heat shock and acclimation temperature on hsp70 and hsp30 mRNA expression in rainbow trout: in vivo and in vitro comparisons. J Fish Biol 56:398-408
44. Dautremepuits C, Marcogliese DJ, Gendron AD, Fournier M (2009) Gill and head kidney antioxidant processes and innate immune system responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to different contaminants in the St. Lawrence River, Canada. Sci Total Environ 407: 1055-1064
45. Delaney MA, Klesius PH (2004) Hypoxic conditions induce Hsp70 production in blood, brain and head kidney of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture 236:633-644
46. Demand J, Alberte S, Patterson C, Höhfeld J (2001) Cooperation of a ubiquitin domain protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase during chaperone/proteasome coupling. Curr Biol 11:1569-1577
47. Dhaliwal GS, Kukal SS (2005) Essentials of environmental science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India, pp 224-234
48. Dias S, Shmelkov SV, Lam G, Rafii S (2002) VEGF (165) promotes survival of leukemic cells by HSP90-mediated induction of Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis inhibition. Blood 99:2532-2540
49. Dietz TJ, Somero GN (1992) The threshold induction temperature of the 90 kDa heat shock protein is subject to acclimatization in eurythermal goby fishes (Genus Gillichthys). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3389-3393
50. Dietz TJ, Somero GN (1993) Species- and tissue-specific synthesis patterns for heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90 in several marine teleost fishes. Physiol Zool 66:863-880
51. Doyotte AC, Jacquin MC, Babut M, Vasseur P (1997) Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and lipid peroxidation of experimental or field exposure in the gills and the digestive gland of the freshwater bivalve Unio tumidus. Aquat Toxicol 39:93-110
52. Dragovic Z, Broadley SA, Shomura Y (2006) Molecular chaperones of the HSP110 family act as nucleotide exchange factors of HSP70s. EMBO J 25:2519-2528
53. Dubeau SF, Pan F, Tremblay GC, Bradley TM (1998) Thermal shock of salmon in vivo induces the heat shock protein (HSP70) and confers protection against osmotic shock. Aquaculture 168:311-323
54. Duffy LK, Scofield E, Rodgers T, Patton M, Bowyer RT (1999) Comparative baseline levels of mercury, HSP70 and HSP60 in subsistence fish from the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta region of Alaska. Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 124:181-186
55. Eufemia NA, Collier TK, Stein JE, Watson DE, Di Giulio RT (1997) Biochemical responses to sediment-associated contaminants in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from the Niagara River ecosystem. Ecotoxicology 6:13-34
56. Eustace BK, Jay DG (2004) Extracellular roles for the molecular chaperone, HSP90. Cell Cycle 3:1098-1100
57. Fader SC, Yu Z, Spotila JR (1994) Seasonal variation in heat shock proteins (HSP70) in stream fish under natural conditions. J Therm Biol 19:335-341
58. Falciani F, Diab AM, Sabine V, Williams TD, Ortega F, George SG, Chipman JK (2008) Hepatic transcriptomic profiles of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) from field sites and computational approaches to predict site from stress gene responses following exposure to model toxicants. Aquat Toxicol 90:92-101
59. Farkas T, Kutskova YA, Zimarino V (1998) Intramolecular repression of mouse heat shock factor1. Mol Cell Biol 18:906-918
60. Feder ME, Hofmann GE (1999) Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutionary and ecological physiology. Annu Rev Physiol 61:243-282
61. Feder ME, Krebs RA (1998) Natural and genetic engineering of thermotolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Am Zool 38:503-517
62. Fedoroff N (2006) Redox regulatory mechanisms in cellular stress responses. Ann Bot 98:289-300
63. Fenet H, Casellas C, Bontoux J (1996) Hepatic enzymatic activities of the European eel Anguilla anguilla as a tool for biomonitoring fresh-water streams: laboratory and field caging studies. Water Sci Technol 33:321-329
64. Fernandes M, O'Brien T, Lis JT (1994) Structure and regulation of heat shock gene promoters. In: Morimoto RI, Tissieres A, Georgopoulos C (eds) The biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 375-393
65. Fink AL, Goto Y (1998) Molecular chaperones in the life cycle of proteins: structure, function and mode of action. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY
66. Freeman ML, Spitz DR, Meredith MJ (1990) Does heat shock enhance oxidative stress? Studies with ferrous and ferric iron. Radiat Res 124:288-293
67. Gabai VL, Sherman MY (2002) Interplay between molecular chaperones and signaling pathways in survival of heat shock. J Appl Physiol 92:1743-1748
68. Gamperl AK, Vijayan MM, Boutilier RG (1994) Experimental control of stress hormone levels in fishes: techniques and applications. Rev Fish Biol Fish 4:215-255
69. Gotoh T, Terada K, Mori M (2001) hsp70-DnaJ chaperone pairs prevent nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell Death Differ 8:357-366
70. Grosvik BE, Goksoyr A (1996) Biomarker protein expression in primary cultures of salmon (Salmo salar L) hepatocytes exposed to environmental pollutants. Biomarkers 1:45-53
71. Haendeler J, Hoffmann J, Rahman S, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S (2003) Regulation of telomerase activity and anti-apoptotic function by protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 536:180-186
72. Hartl FU (1996) Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding. Nature 381:571-579
73. Hartl FU, Hayer-HartlM(2002) Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein. Science 295:1852-1858
74. Hassanein HMA, Banhawy MA, Soliman FM, Abdel-Rehim SA, Muller WEG, Schroder HC (1999) Induction of HSP70 by the herbicide oxyfluorfen (goal) in the Egyptian Nile fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 37:78-84
75. Hernandez C,MartinM, Bodega G, Suarez I, Perez J, Fernandez B (1999) Response of carp central nervous system to hyperammonemic conditions: an immunocytochemical study of glutamine synthetase (GS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 70 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70). Aquat Toxicol 45:195-207
76. Hofmann G, Buckley BA, Airaksinen S, Keen JE, Somero GN (2000) Heat shock protein expression is absent in the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernachhii (family Nototheniidae). J Exp Biol 203:2331-2339
77. Hofmann GE, Somero GN (1995) Evidence for protein damage at environmental temperatures: seasonal changes in levels of ubiquitin conjugates and HSP70 in the intertidal mussel Mytilus trossulus. J Exp Biol 198:1509-1518
78. Iwama GK, Afonso LOB, Todgham A, Ackerman P, Nakano K (2004) Are hsps suitable for indicating stressed states in fish? J Exp Biol 207:15-19
79. Iwama GK, Thomas PT, Forsyth RB, Vijayan MM (1998) Heat shock protein expression in fish. Rev Fish Biol Fish 8:35-56
80. Iwama GK, Vijayan MM, Forsyth RB, Ackerman PA (1999) Heat shock proteins and physiological stress in fish. Am Zool 39:901-909
81. Ju Z, Karsi A, Kocabas A, Patterson A, Li P, Cao D, Dunham R, Liu Z (2000) Transcriptome analysis of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): genes and expression profile from the brain. Gene 261:373-382
82. Keaney M, Matthijssens F, Sharpe M, Vanfletern J, Gems D (2004) Superoxide dismutase mimetics elevate superoxide dismutase activity in vivo but do not retard aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 37:239-250
83. Knowlton AA, Gupta S (2003) HSP60, Bax, and cardiac apoptosis. Cardiovasc Toxicol 3:263-268
84. Kong HJ, Kang HS, Kim HD (1996) Expression of the heat shock proteins in HeLa and CHSE-214 cells exposed to heat shock. Korean J Zool 39:123-131
85. Kothary RK, Burgess EA, Candido EPM (1984) The heat-shock phenomenon in cultured cells of rainbow trout: hsp70 mRNA synthesis and turnover. Biochim Biophys Acta 783:137-143
86. Krone PH, Lele Z, Sass JB (1997) Heat shock genes and the heat shock response in zebrafish embryos. Biochem Cell Biol 75:487-497
87. Krone PH, Sass JB (1994) Hsp90α and hsp90β genes are present in the zebrafish and are differentially regulated in developing embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 204:746-752
88. Lejeusne C, Perez T, Sarrazin V, Chevaldonne P (2006) Baseline expression of HSPs of a 'thermotolerant' Mediterranean marine species largely influenced by natural temperature fluctuations. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 63:2028-2037
89. Lele Z, Engel S, Krone PH (1997) Hsp47 and hsp70 gene expression is differentially regulated in a stress- and tissue-specific manner in zebrafish embryos. Dev Genet 21:123-133
90. Lenaire P, Livingstone DR (1993) Pro-oxidant/antioxidant processes and organic xenobiotic interactions in marine organisms, in particular the flounder Platichthys flesus and the mussel Mytilus edulis. Trends Comp Biochem Physiol 1:1119-1150
91. Li GC, Nussenzweig A (1996) Thermotolerance and heat shock proteins: possible involvement of Ku autoantigen in regulating HSP70 expression. In: Feige U, Morimoto RI, Yahara I, Polla B (eds) Stress-inducible cellular responses. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, pp 425-449
92. Li C-Y, Lee J-S, Ko Y-G, Kim J-I, Seo J-S (2000) Heat shock protein 70 inhibits apoptosis downstream of cytochrome c release and upstream of caspase-3 activation. J Biol Chem 275:25665-25671
93. Lim EH, Brenner S (1999) Short-range linkage relationships, genomic organization and sequence comparisons of a cluster of five hsp70 genes in Fugu rubripes. Cell Mol Life Sci 55:668-678
94. Lindquist S (1986) The heat-shock response. Annu Rev Biochem 55:1151-1191
95. Lund SG, Caissie D, Cunjak RA, Vijayan MM, Tufts BL (2002) The effects of environmental heat stress on heat-shock mRNA and protein expression in Miramichi Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:1553-1562
96. Martin M, Hernandez C, Bodega G, Suarez I, Boyano MC, Fernandez B (1998) Heat-shock proteins expression in fish central nervous system and its possible relation with water acidosis resistance. Neurosci Res 31:97-106
97. Martin CC, Tang P, Barnardo G, Krone PH (2001) Expression of the chaperonin 10 gene during zebrafish development. Cell Stress Chaperones 6:38-43
98. Mearow KM, Dodge ME, Rahimtula M, Yegappan C (2002) Stress-mediated signaling in PC12 cells - the role of the small heat shock protein, HSP27, and Akt in protecting cells from heat stress and nerve growth factor withdrawal. J Neurochem 83:452-462
99. Molina A, Biemar F, Muller F, Iyengar A, Prunet P, Maclean N, Martial JA, Muller M (2000) Cloning and expression analysis of an inducible HSP70 gene from tilapia fish. FEBS Lett 474:5-10
100. Morange M (1997) Developmental control of heat shock and chaperone gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 53:78-79
101. Morimoto RI, Santoro MG (1998) Stress-inducible responses and heat shock proteins: new pharmacologic targets for cytoprotection. Nature Biotechnol 16:833-838
102. Morimoto RI, Sarge KD, Abravaya K (1992) Transcriptional regulation of heat shock genes. A paradigm for inducible genomic responses. J Biol Chem 267:21987-21990
103. Mosser DD, Bols NC (1988) Relationship between heat-shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in rainbow trout fibroblasts. J Comp Physiol B 158:457-467
104. Munster PN, Basso A, Solit D, Norton L, Rosen N (2001) Modulation of HSP90 function by ansamycins sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in an RB- and schedule-dependent manner. Clin Cancer Res 7:2228-2236
105. Munster PN, Marchion DC, Basso AD, Rosen N (2002) Degradation of HER2 by ansamycins induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cells with HER2 overexpression via a HER3, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase-AKT-dependent pathway. Cancer Res 62:3132-3137
106. Nakano K, Iwama GK (2002) The 70-kDa heat shock protein response in two intertidal sculpins, Oligocottus maculosus and O. snyderi: relationship of hsp70 and thermal tolerance. Comp Biochem Physiol A 133:79-94
107. Nardai G, Sass B, Eber J, Orosz G, Csermely P (2000) Reactive cysteines of the 90-kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90. Arch Biochem Biophys 384:59-67
108. Niu CJ, Rummer JL, Brauner CJ, Schulte PM (2008) Heat shock protein (Hsp70) induced by a mild heat shock slightly moderates plasma osmolarity increases upon salinity transfer in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C 148:437-444
109. Nollen EAA, Morimoto RI (2002) Chaperoning signaling pathways: molecular chaperones as stress-sensing 'heat shock' proteins. J Cell Sci 115:2809-2816
110. Norris CE, Brown MA, Hickey E, Weber LA, Hightower LE (1997) Low-molecular weight heat shock proteins in a desert fish (Poeciliopsis lucida): Homologs of human hsp27 and Xenopus hsp30. Mol Cell Evol 14:1050-1061
111. Orr WC, Sohal RS (1994) Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 263:1128-1130
112. Padmini E, Kavitha M (2003) Seasonal pollution assessment through comparative hydrobiological studies in Ennore and Kovalam estuaries. Indian Hydrobiol 6:139-144
113. Padmini E, Kavitha M (2005a) Contaminant induced stress impact on the histology and biochemical alterations in the brain of estuarine grey mullets. Pollut Res 24:177-181
114. Padmini E, Kavitha M (2005b) Evaluation of genotoxic effects due to contaminant mediated oxidative damage in the brain of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus). Pollut Res 24:33-36
115. Padmini E, Kavitha M (2007) Comparative assessment of contaminant induced oxidative stress in brain of Mugil cephalus. Environ Pollut Control J 10:75-79
116. Padmini E, Sudha D (2004) Environmental impact on gill mitochondrial function in Mugil cephalus. Aquaculture 5:89-92
117. Padmini E, Usha Rani M (2008) Impact of seasonal variation on HSP70 expression quantitated in stressed fish hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B 151:278-285
118. Padmini E, Usha Rani M (2009a) Seasonal influence on heat shock protein 90α and heat shock factor 1 expression during oxidative stress in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 372:1-8
119. Padmini E, Usha Rani M (2009b) Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatocytes of grey mullet inhabiting natural and polluted estuaries. Sci Total Environ 407:4533-4541
120. Padmini E, Usha Rani M (2010) Thioredoxin and HSP90α modulate ASK1-JNK1/2 signaling in stressed hepatocytes of Mugil cephalus. Comp Biochem Physiol C 151:187-193
121. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2007a) Seasonal influences on water quality parameters and pollution status of the Ennore estuary, Tamilnadu, India. J Environ Hydrol 15:1-15
122. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2007b) A comparative seasonal pollution assessment study on Ennore estuary with respect to metal accumulation in the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 35:91-103
123. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2007c) Oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver mitochondria of grey mullets shows seasonal variation in the Ennore estuary. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 7: 107-116
124. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2008) Biodegradative efficiency of recombinant Escherichia coli on heavy metal contamination and organic pollutants from Ennore estuary. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol Environ Sci 14:185-190
125. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2009a) Impact of season on liver mitochondrial oxidative stress and the expression of HSP70 in greymullets from contaminated estuary. Ecotoxicology 18:304-311
126. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B (2009b) Modulation of ASK1 expression during overexpression of Trx and HSP70 in stressed fish liver mitochondria. Cell Stress Chaperones 14:459-467
127. Padmini E, Sridevi S, Vijaya Geetha B (2006) Environmental stress in Ennore estuary and enhanced erythrocyte micronuclei formation in mullets. Environ Pollut Control J 9:51-56
128. Padmini E, Thendral Hepsibha B, Shanthalin Shellomith AS (2004) Lipid alteration as stress markers in grey mullets (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus) caused by industrial effluents in Ennore estuary. Aquaculture 5:115-118
129. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B, Usha Rani M (2008a) Liver oxidative stress of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus presents seasonal variations in Ennore estuary. Braz J Med Biol Res 41:951-955
130. Padmini E, Usha Rani M, Vijaya Geetha B (2008b) Differential HSP90α expression in fish hepatocytes from polluted estuary during summer. Fish Sci 74:1118-1126
131. Padmini E, Usha RaniM, Vijaya Geetha B (2009a) Studies on antioxidant status in Mugil cephalus in response to heavy metal pollution at Ennore estuary. Environ Monit Assess 155:215-225
132. Padmini E, Vijaya Geetha B, Usha Rani M (2009b) Pollution induced nitrative stress and heat shock protein 70 overexpression in fish liver mitochondria. Sci Total Environ 407:1307-1317
133. Palmisano AN, Winton JR, Dickhoff, WW (2000) Tissue specific induction of hsp90 mRNA and plasma cortisol response in Chinook salmon following heat shock, seawater challenge, and handling challenge. Mar Biotechnol 2:329-338
134. Pan F, Zarate JM, Tremblay GC, Bradley TM (2000) Cloning and characterization of salmon hsp90 cDNA: upregulation by thermal and hyperosmotic stress. J Exp Zool 287:199-212
135. Pandey P, Saleh A, Nakazawa A, Kumar S, Srinivasula SM, Kumar V, Weichselbaum R, Nalin C, Alnemri ES, Kufe D, Kharbanda S (2000) Negative regulation of cytochrome c-mediated oligomerisation of Apaf-1 and activation of procaspase-9 by heat shock protein 90. EMBO J 19:4310-4322
136. Pandey S, Ahmad I, Parvez S, Bin-Hafeez B, Haque R, Raisuddin S (2001) Effect of endosulfan on antioxidants of freshwater fish Channa punctatus Bloch: 1. Protection against lipid peroxidation in liver by copper preexposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 41:345-352
137. Pandey S, Parvez S, Sayeed I, Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Raisuddin S (2003) Biomarkers of oxidative stress: a comparative study of river Yamuna fish Wallago attu (Bl. & Schn.). Sci Total Environ 309:105-115
138. Papp E, Nardai G, Soti C, Csermely P (2003) Molecular chaperones, stress proteins and redox homeostasis. Biofactors 17:249-257
139. Parihar MS, Javeri T, Hemnani T, Dubey AK, Prakash P (1997) Responses of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione antioxidant defenses in gills of the freshwater catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to short-term elevated temperature. J Therm Biol 22:151-156
140. Parker JD, Parker KM, Sohal BH, Sohal RS, Keller L (2004) Decreased expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 in ants with extreme lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 3486-3489
141. Parsell DA, Lindquist S (1993) The function of heat-shock proteins in stress tolerance: degradation and reactivation of damaged proteins. Annu Rev Genet 27:437-496
142. Parsell DA, Lindquist S (1994) Heat shock proteins and stress tolerance. In: Morimoto RI, Tissieres A, Georgopoulos C (eds) Biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 457-494
143. Pearson DS, Kulyk WM, Kelly GM, Krone PH (1996) Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the collagen-binding stress proteins Hsp47 in zebrafish. DNA Cell Biol 15:263-271
144. Piatelli MJ, Doughty C, Chiles TC (2002) Requirement for a hsp90 chaperone-dependent MEK1/2-ERK pathway for B cell antigen receptor-induced cyclin D2 expression in mature B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 277:12144-12150
145. Picard D (2002) Heat-shock protein 90, a chaperone for folding and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 59:1640-1648
146. Pirkkala L, Nykanen P, Sistonen L (2001) Roles of the heat shock transcription factors in regulation of the heat shock response and beyond. FASEB J 15:1118-1131
147. Poltronieri C, Maccatrozzo L, Simontacchi C, Bertotto D, Funkenstein B, Patruno M, Radaelli G (2007) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical localization of HSP70 in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to transport stress. Eur J Histochem 51:125-135
148. Rabergh CMI, Airaksinen S, Soitamo A, Bjorklund HV, Johansson T, Nikinmaa M, Sistonen J (2000) Tissue-specific expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) heat shock factor 1 mRNAs in response to heat stress. J Exp Biol 203:1817-1824
149. Raviol H, Sadlish H, Rodriguez F, Mayer MP, Bukau B (2006) Chaperone network in the yeast cytosol: HSP110 is revealed as an HSP70 nucleotide exchange factor. EMBO J 25: 2510-2518
150. Rodriguez-Ariza A, Peinado J, Pueyo C, Lopez-Barea J (1993) Biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in fish from polluted littoral areas. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:2568-2573
151. Rohde M, Daugaard M, Jensen MH, Helin K, Nylandsted J, Jattela M (2005) Members of the heat-shock protein 70 family promote cancer cell growth by distinct mechanisms. Genes Dev 19:570-582
152. Russotti G, Brieva TA, Toner M, Yarmush ML (1996) Induction of tolerance to hyperthermia by previous heat shock using human fibroblasts in culture. Cryobiology 33:567-580
153. Ryan JA, Hightower LE (1994) Evaluation of heavy-metal ion toxicity in fish cells using a combined stress protein and cytotoxicity assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 13:1231-1240
154. Ryan JA, Hightower LE (1996) Stress proteins as molecular biomarkers for environmental toxicology. In: Feige U, Morimoto RI, Yahara I, Polla B (eds) Stress-inducible cellular responses. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 411-424
155. Samali A, Orrenius S (1998) Heat shock proteins: regulations of stress response and apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 3:228-236
156. Samali A, Robertson JD, Peterson E, Manero F, van Zeijl L, Paul C, Cotgreave IA, Arrigo AP, Orrenius S (2001) HSP27 protects mitochondria of thermotolerant cells against apoptotic stimuli. Cell Stress Chaperones 6:49-58
157. Santacruz H, Vriz S, Angelier N (1997) Molecular characterization of a heat shock cognate cDNA of zebrafish, hsc70, and developmental expression of the corresponding transcripts. Dev Genet 21:223-233
158. Sass JB, Weinberg ES, Krone PH (1996) Specific localization of zebrafish hsp90α mRNA to myoD-expressing cells suggests a role for hsp90α during normal muscle development. Mech Dev 54:195-204
159. Sathiyaa R, Campbell T, Vijayan MM (2001) Cortisol modulates hsp90 mRNA expression in primary cultures of trout hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 129:679-685
160. Sathiyaa R, Vijayan MM (2003) Autoregulation of glucocorticoid receptor by cortisol in rainbow trout hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284:C1508-C1515
161. Schett G, Steiner CW, Groger M, Winkler S, Graninger W, Smolen J, Xu Q, Steiner G (1999) Activation of Fas inhibits heat-induced activation of HSF1 and up-regulation of HSP70. FASEB J 13:833-842
162. Schlesinger MJ, Ashburner M, Tissiers A (1982) Heat shock proteins from bacteria to man. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
163. Schriner SE, Linford NJ, Martin GM, Treuting P, Ogburn CE, Emond M, Coskun PE, Ladiges W, Wolf N, Van Remmen H, Wallace DC, Rabinovitch PS (2005) Extension of murine lifespan by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria. Science 308:1909-1911
164. Schulte TW, Blagosklonny MV, Romanova L, Mushinski JF, Monia BP, Johnston JF, Nguyen P, Trepel J, Neckers LM (1996) Destabilization of Raf-1 by geldanamycin leads to disruption of the Raf-1-MEK-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 16: 5839-5845
165. Schulte TW, AnWG, Neckers LM(1997) Geldanamycin-induced destabilization of Raf-1 involves the proteasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 239:655-659
166. Shan YX, Liu TJ, Su HF, Samsamshariat A, Mestril R, Wang PH (2003) HSP10 and HSP60 modulate Bcl-2 family and mitochondria apoptosis signaling induced by doxorubicin in cardiac muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:1135-1143
167. Sheader DL, Williams TD, Lyons BP, Chipman JK (2006) Oxidative stress response of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to cadmium determined by a custom cDNA microarray. Mar Environ Res 62:33-44
168. Sherry JP (2003) The role of biomarkers in the health assessment of aquatic ecosystems. Aquat Ecosys Health Manage 6:423-440
169. Smith TR, Tremblay GC, Bradley TM (1999) Characterization of the heat shock protein response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Physiol Biochem 20:279-292
170. Snoeckx LH, Cornelussen RN, Van Nieuwenhoven FA, Reneman RS, Van Der Vusse GJ (2001) Heat shock proteins and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 81:1461-1497
171. Solit DB, Zheng FF, Drobnjak M, Munster PN, Higgins B, Verbel D, Heller G, Tong W, Cordon-Cardo C, Agus DB, Scher HI, Rosen N (2002) 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin induces the degradation of androgen receptor and HER2/neu and inhibits the growth of prostate cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 8:986-993
172. Sorensen JG, Kristensen TN, Loeschcke V (2003) The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins. Ecol Lett 6:1025-1037
173. Sorensen JG, Loeschcke V (2007) Studying stress responses in the post-genomic era: its ecological and evolutionary role. J Biosci 32:447-456
174. Soti C, Nagy E, Giricz Z, Vigh L, Csemerley P, Ferdinandy P (2005) Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 146:769-780
175. Sreedhar AS, Csermely P (2004) Heat shock proteins in the regulation of apoptosis: new strategies in tumor therapy. A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Ther 101:227-257
176. Sreedhar AS, Pardhasaradhi BV, Khar A, Srinivas UK (2002) A cross talk between cellular signaling and cellular redox state during heat-induced apoptosis in a rat histiocytoma. Free Radic Biol Med 32:221-227
177. Sreedhar AS, Kalmar E, Csermely P, Shen YF (2004) HSP90 isoforms: functions, expression and clinical importance. FEBS Lett 562:11-15
178. Stegeman JJ, Brouver M, Di Giulio RT, Forlin L, Fowler BA, Sanders BM, Van Veld PA (1992) Molecular responses to environmental contamination: enzyme and protein systems as indicators of chemical exposure and effect. In: Huggett RJ, Kimerle RA, Mehrle PM, Bergman HL (eds) Biomarker, biochemical, physiological, and histological markers of anthropogenic stress. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, pp 235-335
179. Telli Karakoc F, Hewer A, Phillips DH, Gaines AF, Yuregir G (1997) Biomarkers of marine pollution observed in species of mullet living in two eastern Mediterranean harbours. Biomarkers 2:303-309
180. Thomson A, Hemphill D, Jeejeebhoy KN (1998) Oxidative stress and antioxidants in intestinal disease. Dig Dis 16:152-158
181. Tiligada E (2006) Chemotherapy: induction of stress responses. Endocr Relat Cancer 13: S115-S124
182. Tomanek L, Somero G (2002) Interspecific- and acclimation-induced variation in levels of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and 90 (HSP90) and heat-shock transcription factor-1 (HSF1) in congeneric marine snails (genus Tegula): implications for regulation of HSP gene expression. J Exp Biol 205:677-685
183. Van der Oost R, Goksoyr A, Celander M, Heida H, Vermeulen NPE (1996) Biomonitoring of aquatic pollution with feral eel (Anguilla anguilla). II. Biomarkers: pollution-induced biochemical responses. Aquat Toxicol 36:189-222
184. Vijayan MM, Reddy PK, Leatherland JF, Moon TW (1994) The effects of cortisol on hepatocyte metabolism in rainbow trout: a study using the steroid analogue RU486. Gen Comp Endocrinol 96:75-84
185. Vijayan MM, Pereira C, Forsyth RB, Kennedy CJ, Iwama GK (1997) Handling stress does not affect the expression of hepatic heat shock protein 70 and conjugation enzymes in rainbow trout treated with β-naphthoflavone. Life Sci 61:117-127
186. Vijayan MM, Pereira C, Kruzynski G, Iwama GK (1998) Sublethal concentrations of contaminant induce the expression of hepatic heat shock protein 70 in 2 salmonids. Aquat Toxicol 40: 101-108
187. Wegele H, Muller L, Buchner J (2004) HSP70 and HSP90 - a relay team for protein folding. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharamacol 151:1-44
188. Whitesell L, Lindquist SL (2005) HSP90 and the chaperoning of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 5: 761-772
189. Wilhelm Filho D, Torres MA, Tribess TB, Pedrosa RC, Soares CH (2001) Influence of season and pollution on the antioxidant defenses of the cichlid fish acara (Geophagus brasiliensis). Braz J Med Biol Res 34:719-726
190. Williams JH, Farag AM, Stansbury MA, Young PA, Bergman HL, Petersen NS (1996) Accumulation of HSP70 in juvenile and adult rainbow trout gill exposed to metal-contaminated water and/or diet. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1324-1328
191. Williams TD, Diab AM, George SG, Godfrey RE, Sabine V, Conesa A, Minchin SD, Watts PC, Chipman JK (2006) Development of the GENIPOL European flounder (Platichthys flesus) microarray and determination of temporal transcriptional responses to cadmium at low dose. Environ Sci Technol 40:6479-6488
192. Williams TD, Diab AM, George SG, Sabine V, Chipman JK (2007) Gene expression responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to 17-beta estradiol. Toxicol Lett 168:236-248
193. Williams TD, Diab A, Ortega F, Sabine VS, Godfrey RE, Falciani F, Chipman JK, George SG (2008) Transcriptomic responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to model toxicants. Aquat Toxicol 90:83-91
194. Xanthoudakis S, Roy S, Rasper D, Hennessey T, Cassady R, Tawa P, Ruel R, Rosen A, Nicholson DW (1999) Hsp60 accelerates the maturation of pro-caspase-3 by upstream activator proteases during apoptosis. EMBO J 18:2049-2056
195. Yin Z, He JY, Gong Z, Lam TJ, Sin YM (1999) Identification of differentially expressed genes in Con A-activated carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leucocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 124:41-50
196. Young JC, Moarefi I, Hartl FU (2001) HSP90: a specialized but essential protein-folding tool. J Cell Biol 154:267-273
197. Zafarullah M, Wisniewski J, Shworak NW, Schieman S, Misra S, Gedamu L (1992) Molecular cloning and characterization of a constitutively expressed heat shock cognate hsc71 gene from rainbow trout. Eur J Biochem 204:893-900
198. Zhang R, Luo D, Miao R, Bai L, Ge Q, Sessa WC, Min W (2005) HSP90-Akt phosphorylates ASK1 and inhibits ASK1-mediated apoptosis. Oncogene 24:3954-3963
199. Zou J, Salminien WF, Roberts SM, Voellmy R (1998) Correlation between glutathione oxidation and trimerization of heat shock factor 1, an early step in stress induction of the HSP response. Cell Stress Chaperones 3:130-141