School-based mentoring as selective prevention for bullied children: A preliminary test

Journal of Primary Prevention

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 171-187

  Elledge, L Christian ^a   Cavell, Timothy A ^a   Ogle, Nick T ^b   Newgent, Rebecca A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

^b JOHN BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bullying; Mentoring; Peer victimization; Prevention; School based

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD; CONSUMER; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; MALE; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SCHOOL; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STUDENT; TEACHER; UNIVERSITY;

AGGRESSION; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; CONSUMER SATISFACTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTORS; PEER GROUP; PROGRAM EVALUATION; SCHOOLS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STUDENTS; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 77956050628     PISSN: 0278095X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10935-010-0215-7     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (2001a). Teacher's report form for ages 6-18. Burlington, VT: Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (2001b). Child behavior checklist for ages 6-18. Burlington, VT: Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment.
3. Arora, C. M. J. (1991). The use of victim support groups. In P. K. Smith & D. Thompson (Eds.), Practical approaches to bullying (pp. 59-66). London, UK: Fulton.
4. Attkisson, C. C., & Greenfield, T. K. (1994). The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 and the Service Satisfaction Questionnaire-30. In M. Maruish (Ed.), Psychological test: Treatment planning and outcome assessment (pp. 223-235). San Francisco, CA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
5. Bernstein, L., Rappaport, C. D., Olsho, L., Hunt, D., & Levin, M. (2009). Impact evaluation of the U.S. Department of Education's student mentoring program: Final report. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education.
6. Bierman, K. L. (1986). Process of change during social skills training with preadolescents and its relation to treatment outcome. Child Development, 57, 230-240.
7. Bierman, K. L., & Furman, W. (1984). The effects of social skills training and peer involvement on the social adjustment of preadolescents. Child Development, 55, 151-162.
8. Brockenbrough, K. K. (2001). Peer victimization and bullying prevention among middle school students. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences of Engineering, 62(1-B), 538.
9. Card, N. A., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2008). Peer victimization among schoolchildren: Correlations, causes, consequences, and considerations in assessment and intervention. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 451-461.
10. Card, N. A., Isaacs, J., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2007). Correlates of school victimization: Implications of prevention and intervention. In J. Zins, M. Elias, & C. Maher (Eds.), Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment (pp. 339-366). New York, NY: Haworth Press Inc.
11. Cavell, T. A., Elledge, L. C., Malcolm, K. T., Faith, M. A., & Hughes, J. N. (2009). Relationship quality and the mentoring of aggressive, high-risk children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(2), 185-198.
12. Cavell, T. A., & Henrie, J. L. (2010). Deconstructing serendipity: Focus, purpose, and authorship in Lunch Buddy Mentoring. In G. G. Noam, M. J. Karcher, & M. J. Nakkula (Eds.), New directions for youth development: Theory, practice, and research. The structure of mentoring interactions, (in press).
13. Cavell, T. A., & Hughes, J. N. (2000). Secondary prevention as context for assessing change processes in aggressive children. Journal of School Psychology, 38, 199-236.
14. Cavell, T. A., & Smith, A. (2005). Mentoring children. In D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 160-176). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
15. Chan, J. H. F., Myron, R., & Crawshaw, M. (2005). The efficacy of non-anonymous measures of bullying. School Psychology International, 26(4), 443-458.
16. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
17. Coie, J. D., Watt, N. F., West, S. G., Hawkins, D. J., Asarnow, J. R., Markman, H. J., et al. (1993). The science of prevention: A conceptual framework and some directions of a National Research Program. American Psychologist, 48, 1013-1022.
18. Cole, J. C. M., Cornell, D. G., & Sheras, P. (2006). Identification of school bullies by survey methods. Professional School Counseling, 9, 305-313.
19. Craig, W., & Pepler, D. (1997). Observations of bullying and victimization in the school yard. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 13(2), 41-59.
20. DeRosier, M. E. (2004). Building relationships and combating bullying: Effectiveness of a school-based social skills group intervention. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 196-201.
21. DeRosier, M. E., & Marcus, S. R. (2005). Building friendships and combating bullying: Effectiveness of S.S.GRIN at one-year follow-up. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 140-150.
22. Dortch, T. (2000). The miracles of mentoring: The joy of investing in our future. New York: Doubleday.
23. DuBois, D. L., Holloway, B. E., Valentine, J. C., & Cooper, H. (2002). Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2), 157-197.
24. DuBois, D. L., & Karcher, M. J. (2005). Youth mentoring: Theory, research, and practice. In D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 2-11). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
25. Elinoff, M. J. (2006). Friends against bullying: Evaluation of a peer-mentoring program to reduce bullying in schools. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 67(2-A), 458.
26. Espelage, D. L., & Asidao, C. S. (2001). Conversations with middle school students about bullying and victimization: Should we be concerned? In R. A. Geffner, M. Loring, & C. Young (Eds.), Bullying behavior: Current issues, research, and interventions (pp. 49-62). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.
27. Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32(2), 365-383.
28. Estell, D. B., Farmer, T. W., Irvin, M. J., Akos, P., Boudah, D. J., & Crowther, A. (2009). Students with exceptionalities and the peer group context of bullying and victimization in late elementary school. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 136-150.
29. Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. M., Fredriks, M. A., Vogels, T., & Verloove-Vanhorick, P. S. (2006). Do bullied children get ill, or do ill children get bullied? A prospective cohort study on the relationship between bullying and health-related symptoms. Pediatrics, 117(5), 1568-1574.
30. Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F., & Verloove-Vanhorick, S. (2005). Bulling: Who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior. Health Education Research, 20(1), 81-91.
31. Ferguson, C. J. (2009). An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 532-538.
32. Fox, C. L., & Boulton, M. J. (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of a social skills training (SST) programme for victims of bullying. Educational Research, 45(3), 231-247.
33. Galloway, D., & Roland, E. (2004). Is the direct approach to reducing bullying always the best? In P. K. Smith, D. Pepler, & K. Rigby (Eds.), Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? (pp. 37-53). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
34. Gazelle, H., & Ladd, G. (2002). Interventions for children victimized by peers. In P. Schewe (Ed.), Preventing violence in relationships: Interventions across the life span(pp. 55-78). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
35. Gest, S. D., Sesma, A., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (2006). Childhood peer reputation as a predictor of competence and symptoms 10 years later. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 509-526.
36. Goldbaum, S., Craig, W., & Pepler, D. (2007). Developmental trajectories of victimization: Identifying risk and protective factors. In J. E. Zins, J. Maurice, & A. Charles (Eds.), Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention (pp. 143-160). New York, NY: Haworth Press.
37. Grossman, J. B., & Rhodes, J. E. (2002). The test of time: Predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring programs. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 199-219.
38. Hanish, L. D., & Guerra, N. G. (2004). Aggressive victims, passive victims, and bullies: Developmental continuity of developmental change? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50(1), 17-38.
39. Hawker, D., & Boulton, M. (2000). Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(4), 441-455.
40. Herrera, C. (1999). School-based mentoring: A first look into its potential. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
41. Herrera, C. (2004). School-based mentoring: A closer look. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
42. Herrera, C. (2007). The BBBS School-Based Mentoring Impact Study: Findings and implications for policy and practice. Paper presented at the Summer Institute on Youth Mentoring, Portland, OR.
43. Herrera, C., Grossman, J. B., Kauh, T. J., Feldman, A. F., & McMaken, J. (2007). Making a difference in schools: The Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring impact study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
44. Herrera, C., Sipe, C. L., & McClanahan, W. S. (2000). Mentoring school-age children: Relationship development in community-based and school-based programs. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.
45. Hodges, E. V. E., Malone, M. J., & Perry, D. G. (1997). Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1032-1039.
46. Hughes, J. N., Cavell, T. A., & Meehan, B. T. (2001). Preventing substance abuse in aggressive children: Final report of R01-DA10037 submitted to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
47. Hughes, J. N., Cavell, T. A., Meehan, B., Zhang, D., & Collie, C. (2005). Adverse school context moderates the outcomes of two selective intervention programs for aggressive children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 731-736.
48. Hymel, S. (1986). Interpretations of peer behavior: Affective bias in childhood and adolescence. Child Development, 57, 431-445.
49. Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2001). Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized. New York, NY: Guilford.
50. Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2001). Self-views versus peer perceptions of victim status among early adolescents. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 105-124). New York, NY: Guilford.
51. Karcher, M. J. (2005). The effects of developmental mentoring and high school mentors' attendance on their younger mentees' self-esteem, social skills, and connectedness. Psychology in the Schools, 42(1), 65-77.
52. Karcher, M. J. (2008). The study of mentoring in the learning environment (SMILE): A randomized evaluation of the effectiveness of school-based mentoring. Prevention Science, 9, 99-113.
53. Kazdin, A. (2003). Research design in clinical psychology (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
54. Keller, T. E. (2005). The stages and development of mentoring relationships. In D. L. DuBois & M. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (pp. 82-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
55. Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. J. (2004). Peer victimization: The role of emotions in adaptive and maladaptive coping. Social Development, 13, 329-349.
56. Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Wardrop, J. (2001). Chronicity and instability of children's peer victimization experiences as predictors of loneliness and social satisfaction trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 134-151.
57. Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., & Puura, K. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and the use of mental health services among children involved in bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 27(2), 02-110.
58. Ladd, B., & Kochenderfer-Ladd, G. W. (2002). Identifying victims of peer aggression from early to middle childhood: Analysis of cross-informant data for concordance, estimation of relational adjustment, prevalence of victimization, and characteristics of identified victims. Psychological Assessment, 14(1), 74-96.
59. Ladd, B., & Ladd, G. (2001). Variations in peer victimization: Relations to children's maladjustment. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 25-48). New York: Guilford Press.
60. Levitt, M. J. (2005). Social relations in childhood and adolescence: The convoy model perspective. Human Development, 48(1), 28-47.
61. Mahdavi, J., & Smith, P. K. (2002). The operation of a bully court and perceptions of its success: A case study. School Psychology International, 23(3), 327-342.
62. Maines, B., & Robinson, G. (1998). The No Blame Approach to bullying. In D. Shorrocks-Taylor (Ed.), Directions in educational psychology (pp. 281-295). Philadelphia, PA: Whurr Publishers.
63. Malcolm, K. T., & Cavell, T. A. (2006). Can school-based mentoring alter the peer ecology of aggressive children? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research, San Antonio, TX.
64. Masten, A. S., Morrison, P., & Pellegrini, D. S. (1985). A revised class play method of peer assessment. Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 523-533.
65. Merrell, K. W., Gueldner, B. A., Ross, S. W., & Isava, D. M. (2008). How effective are school bullying intervention programs? A meta-analysis of intervention research. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(1), 26-42.
66. Nation, M. (2007). Empowering the victim: Interventions for children victimized by bullies. In J. E. Zins, M. J. Elias, & C. A. Maher (Eds.), Bullying, victimization, and peer harassment: A handbook of prevention and intervention (pp. 239-255). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
67. Nicolaides, S., Toda, Y., & Smith, P. K. (2002). Knowledge and attitudes about school bullying in trainee teachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(1), 105-118.
68. Nishina, A., Juvonen, J., & Witkow, M. (2005). Sticks and stones may break my bones, but names will make me sick: The consequences of peer harassment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 37-48.
69. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
70. Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1987). Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-accepted children at risk? Psychological Bulletin, 102, 357-389.
71. Pellegrini, A. D. (2001). Sampling instances of victimization in middle school: A methodological comparison. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 125-146). New York, NY: Guilford.
72. Pellegrini, A. D., & Long, J. D. (2002). A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20(2), 259-280.
73. Pepler, D. (2006). Bullying interventions: A binocular perspective. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(1), 16-20.
74. Pepler, D. J., Craig, W. M., Connolly, J. A., Yuile, A., McMaster, L., & Jiang, D. (2006). A developmental perspective on bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 32(4), 376-384.
75. Perry, D. G., Kusel, S. J., & Perry, L. C. (1988). Victims of peer aggression. Developmental Psychology, 24, 807-814.
76. Pikas, A. (1989). A pure concept of mobbing gives the best results for treatment. School Psychology International, 10(2), 95-104.
77. Price, S., & Jones, R. A. (2001). Reflections on anti-bullying peer counseling in a comprehensive school. Educational Psychology in Practice, 17(1), 35-40.
78. Rhodes, J. E. (1994). Older and wiser: Mentoring relationships in childhood and adolescents. Journal of Primary Prevention, 14, 187-196.
79. Rhodes, J. E. (2008). Improving youth mentoring interventions through research-based practice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 35-42.
80. Rigby, K. (2005). Why do some children bully at school? The contributions of negative attitudes towards victims and the perceived expectations of friends, parents and teachers. School Psychology International, 26(2), 147-161.
81. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. (1999). Suicidal ideation among adolescent school children involvement in bully-victim problems, and perceived social support. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(2), 119-130.
82. Robinson, G., & Maines, B. (1997). Crying for help: The No Blame approach to bullying. Bristol, UK: Lucky Duck Publishing.
83. Rodkin, P. C., & Hodges, E. V. E. (2003). Bullies and victims in the peer ecology: Four questions for psychologists and school professionals. School Psychology Review, 32(3), 384-400.
84. Rosen, P., Milich, R., & Harris, M. (2007). Victims of their own cognitions: Implicit social cognitions, emotional distress, and peer victimization. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 211-226.
85. Salmivalli, C. (1999). Participant role approach to school bullying: Implication for interventions. Journal of Adolescents, 22, 453-459.
86. Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A., & Voeten, M. (2005). Anti-bullying intervention: Implementation and outcome. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(3), 465-487.
87. Salmivalli, C., & Voeten, M. (2004). Connections between attitudes, group norms, and behaviour in bullying situations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28(3), 246-458.
88. Shirk, S. R., & Saiz, C. C. (1992). Clinical, empirical, and developmental perspectives on the therapeutic relationship in child psychotherapy. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 713-728.
89. Smith, P., Ananiadou, K., & Cowie, H. (2003). Interventions to reduce school bullying. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(9), 591-599.
90. Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C. (1999). What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Educational Research, 41, 267-285.
91. Smith, J. D., Schneider, B. H., Smith, P. K., & Ananiadou, K. (2004). The effectiveness of whole-school antibullying programs: A synthesis of evaluation research. School Psychology Review, 33(4), 547-560.
92. Smith, P. K., Shu, S., & Madsen, K. (2001). Characteristics of victims of school bullying: Developmental changes in coping strategies and skills. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 332-351). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
93. Snell, J., MacKenzie, E., & Frey, K. (2002). Bulling prevention in elementary schools: The importance of adult leadership, peer group support, and student social-emotional skills. In M. R. Shinn, H. M. Walker, & G. Stoner (Eds.), Interventions for academic and behavior problems II: Preventive and remedial approaches (pp. 351-372). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.
94. Stassen Berger, K. (2007). Updating on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental Review, 27(1), 90-126.
95. Stevens, V., Van Oost, P., & de Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2000). The effects of an anti-bullying intervention programme on peers' attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 23(1), 21-34.
96. Storch, E. A., & Ledley, D. R. (2005). Peer victimization and psychosocial adjustment in children: Current knowledge and future directions. Clinical Pediatrics, 44(1), 29-38.
97. Twemlow, S., Fonagy, P., & Sacco, F. (2005). A developmental approach to mentalizing communities: II. The Peaceful Schools experiment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 69(4), 282-304.
98. Twemlow, S., Fonagy, P., Sacco, F., Gies, M., Evans, R., & Ewbank, R. (2001). Creating a peaceful school learning environment: A controlled study of an elementary school intervention to reduce violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(5), 808-810.
99. Unnever, J. D., & Cornell, D. G. (2004). Middle school victims of bullying: Who reports being bullied? Aggressive Behavior, 30(5), 372-388.
100. Whitney, I., & Smith, P. K. (1993). A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. Educational Research, 35(1), 3-25.
101. Young, S. (1998). The support group approach to bullying in schools. Educational Psychology in Practice, 14(1), 32-39.
102. Young, S., & Holdorf, G. (2003). Using solution focused brief therapy in individual referrals for bullying. Educational Psychology in Practice, 19(4), 271-282.