Hypothesis-based weight of evidence: A tool for evaluating and communicating uncertainties and inconsistencies in the large body of evidence in proposing a carcinogenic mode of actionnaphthalene as an example

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 671-696

  Rhomberg, Lorenz R ^a   Bailey, Lisa A ^a   Goodman, Julie E ^a  

^a GRADIENT   (United States)

Author keywords

Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Hazard identification; Human relevance; Risk assessment; Site concordance

Indexed keywords

NAPHTHALENE;

CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; EPITHELIUM HYPERPLASIA; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GENOTOXICITY; HUMAN; LUNG ALVEOLUS CELL CARCINOMA; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MUTAGENS; NAPHTHALENES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 77955906183     PISSN: 10408444     EISSN: 15476898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.499504     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Abdo KM, Eustis SL, McDonald M, Jokinen MP, Adkins B, Haseman JK. (1992). Naphthalene: A respiratory tract toxicant and carcinogen for mice. Inhal Toxicol 4:393-409.
2. Abdo KM, Grumbein S, Chou BJ, Herbert R. (2001). Toxicity and carcinogenicity study in F344 rats following 2 years of whole-body exposure to naphthalene vapors. Inhal Toxicol 13:931-950.
3. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2005). Toxicological profle for naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. Atlanta: ATSDR, 347 pp, August.
4. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Balmoori J, Vuchetich PJ, Stohs SJ. (1998a). Induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage by chronic administration of naphthalene to rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 101:249-257.
5. Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Balmoori J, Ye X, Stohs SJ. (1998b). Naphthalene-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in cultured macrophage J774A.1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 25:137-143. (Pubitemid 28293146)
6. Bagchi D, Balmoori J, Bagchi M, Ye X, Williams CB, Stohs SJ. (2000). Role of p53 tumor suppressor gene in the toxicity of TCDD, endrin, naphthalene, and chromium (VI) in liver and brain tissues of mice. Free Radic Biol Med 28:895-903.
7. Bagchi D, Balmoori J, Bagchi M, Ye X, Williams CB, Stohs SJ. (2002). Comparative efects of TCDD, endrin, naphthalene and chromium (VI) on oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and brain tissues of mice. Toxicology 175:73-82.
8. Baldwin RM, Jewell WT, Fanucci MV, Plopper C, Buckpitt A. (2004). Comparison of pulmonary/nasal CYP2F expression levels in rodents and rhesus macaque. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 309:127-136.
9. Baldwin, RM, Shultz MA, Buckpitt AR. (2005). Bioactivation of the pulmonary toxicants naphthalene and 1-nitronaphthalene by rat CYP2F4. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 312:857-865.
10. Belous AR, Hachey DL, Dawling S, Roodi N, Parl FF. (2007). Cytochrome P450 1B1-mediated estrogen metabolism results in estrogen-deoxyribonucle-oside adduct formation. Cancer Res 67:812-817.
11. Bogen KT. (2008). An adjustment factor for mode-of-action uncertainty with dual-mode carcinogens: Te case of naphthalene-induced nasal tumors in rats. Risk Anal 28:1033-1051.
12. Bogen KT, Benson JM, Yost GS, Morris JB, Dahl AR, Clewell HJ, Krishnan K, Omiecinski CJ. (2008). Naphthalene metabolism in relation to target tissue anatomy, physiology, cytotoxicity and tumorigenic mechanism of action. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 51(2 Suppl 1):27-36.
13. Boland B, Lin C Y, Morin D, Miller L, Plopper C, Buckpitt A. (2004). Site-specifc metabolism of naphthalene and 1-nitronaphthalene in dissected airways of rhesus macaques. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 310:546-554.
14. Boobis AR, Cohen SM, Dellarco V, McGregor D, Meek ME, Vickers C, Willcocks D, Farland W. (2006). IPCS framework for analyzing the relevance of a cancer mode of action for humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 36:781-792. (Pubitemid 44800328)
15. Bosetti C, Bofetta P, La Vecchia C. (2007). Occupational exposures to polycy-clic aromatic hydrocarbons, and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: A quantitative review to 2005. Ann Oncol 18:431-446.
16. Boysen G, Pachkowski BF, Nakamura J, Swenberg JA. (2009). Te formation and biological signifcance of N7-guanine adducts. Mutat Res 678:76-94.
17. Brusick D. (2008). Critical assessment of the genetic toxicity of naphthalene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51(2 Suppl 1):37-42.
18. Brusick D, Small MS, Cavalieri EL, Chakravarti D, Ding X, Longfellow DG, Nakamura J, Rogan EC, Swenberg JA. (2008). Possible genoto-xic modes of action for naphthalene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51(2 Suppl 1):43-50.
19. Buckpitt AR, Bahnson LS. (1986). Naphthalene metabolism by human lung microsomal enzymes. Toxicology 41:331-341.
20. Buckpitt A, Buonarati M, Avey LB, Chang AM, Morin D, Plopper CG. (1992). Relationship of cytochrome P450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. II. Comparison of stereoselectivity of naphthalene epoxidation in lung and nasal mucosa of mouse, hamster, rat and rhesus monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 261:364-372.
21. Buckpitt A, Chang AM, Weir A, Van Winkle L, Duan X, Philpot R, Plopper C. (1995). Relationship of cytochrome P450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. IV. Metabolism of naphthalene and naphthalene oxide in microdissected airways from mice, rats, and hamsters. Mol Pharmacol 47:74-81.
22. Buckpitt A, Boland B, Isbell M, Morin D, Shultz M, Baldwin R, Chan K, Karlsson A, Lin C, Taf A, West J, Fanucci M, Van Winkle L, Plopper C. (2002). Naphthalene-induced respiratory tract toxicity: Metabolic mechanisms of toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 34:791-820.
23. Chang JH, Kochansky CJ, Shou M. (2006). Te role of P-glycoprotein in the bio-activation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos 34:2073-2078.
24. Cho TM, Rose RL, Hodgson E. (2006). In vitro metabolism of naphthalene by human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 34:176-183.
25. Cohen SM, Meek ME, Klaunig JE, Patton DE, Fenner-Crisp PA. (2003). Te human relevance of information on carcinogenic modes of action: Overview. Crit Rev Toxicol 33:581-589.
26. Cruzan G, Bus J, Gingell R, Carlson G. (2009). Mouse specifc lung tumors from CYP2F2-mediated cytotoxic metabolism: An endpoint/toxic response where data from multiple chemicals converge to support a mode of action. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 55:205-218.
27. DeStefano-Shields C, Morin D, Buckpitt A. (2010). Formation of covalently bound protein adducts from the cytotoxicant naphthalene in nasal epithelium: Species comparisons. Environ Health Perspect 118:647-652.
28. Ding X, Kaminsky LS. (2003). Human extrahepatic cytochromes P450: Function in xenobiotic metabolism and tissue-selective chemical toxicity in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 43:149-173.
29. Eustis SL. (1989). Te sequential development of cancer: A morphological perspective. Toxicol Lett 49:267-281.
30. Flowers-Geary L, Bleczinki W, Harvey RG, Penning TM. (1996). Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ortho-quinones produced by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. Chem Biol Interact 99:55-72.
31. Fukami T, Katoh M, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T, Nakajima M. (2008). Human cyto-chrome P450 2A13 efciently metabolizes chemicals in air pollutants: Naphthalene, styrene, and toluene. Chem Res Toxicol 21:720-725.
32. Genter MB, Marlowe J, Kerzee JK, Dragin N, Puga A, Dalton TP, Nebert DW. (2006). Naphthalene toxicity in mice and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated CYPs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 348:120-123.
33. Goodman JE, Prueitt RL, Dodge DG, Takali S. (2009). Carcinogenicity assessment of water-soluble nickel compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 39:365-417.
34. Green T, Lee R, Toghill A, Meadowcraft S, Lund V, Foster J. (2001). Te toxicity of styrene to the nasal epithelium of mice and rats: Studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans. Chem Biol Interact 137:185-202.
35. Griego FY, Bogen KT, Price PS, Weed DL. (2008). Exposure, epidemiology and human cancer incidence of naphthalene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51(2 Suppl 1):22-26.
36. Hill AB. (1965). Te environment and disease: Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58:295-300.
37. Kim SJ, Jajoo HK, Kim HY, Zhou L, Horton P, Harris CM, Harris TM. (1995). An efcient route to N6 deoxyadenosine adducts of diol epoxides of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Bioorg Med Chem 3:811-822.
38. Kim HY, Finneman JI, Harris CM, Harris TM. (2000). Studies of the mechanisms of adduction of 2'-deoxyadenosine with styrene oxide and poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dihydrodiol epoxides. Chem Res Toxicol 13:625-637.
39. Lanza DL, Code E, Crespi CL, Gonzalez FJ, Yost GS. (1999). Specifc dehydro-genation of 3-methylindole and epoxidation of naphthalene by recom-binant human CYP2F1 expressed in lymphoblastoid cells. Drug Metab Dispos 27:798-803.
40. Lee MG, Phimister A, Morin D, Buckpitt A, Plopper C. (2005). In situ naphthalene bioactivation and nasal airfow cause region-specifc injury patterns in the nasal mucosa of rats exposed to naphthalene by inhalation. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 314:103-110.
41. Long PH, Herbert RA, Peckham JC, Grumbein SL, Shackelford CC, Abdo K. (2003). Morphology of nasal lesions in F344/N rats following chronic inhalation exposure to naphthalene vapors. Toxicol Pathol 31:655-664.
42. Meek ME, Bucher JR, Cohen SM, Dellarco V, Hill RN, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Longfellow DG, Pastoor T, Seed J, Patton DE. (2003). A framework for human relevance analysis of information on carcinogenic modes of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 33:591-653.
43. Morris JB, Buckpitt AR. (2009). Upper respiratory tract uptake of naphthalene. Toxicol Sci 111:383-391.
44. Nagata K, Martin BM, Gillette JR, Sasame HA. (1990). Isozymes of cytochrome P-450 that metabolize naphthalene in liver and lung of untreated mice. Drug Metab Dispos 18:557-564.
45. National Toxicology Program (NTP). (1992). Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). Bethesda, MD: US Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. NTP-TR-410; NIH publication no. 92-3141.
46. NTP. (2000). Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene (CASD No. 91-20-3) in F344/N Rats (Inhalation Studies). National Toxicology Program. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Technical report series no. 500.
47. North DW, Abdo KM, Benson JM, Dahl AR, Morris JB, Renne R, Witschi H. (2008). A review of whole animal bioassays of the carcinogenic potential of naphthalene. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51(2 Suppl 1):6-14.
48. Oliver JR, Kushwah R, Wu J, Cutz E, Yeger H, Waddell TK, Hu J. (2009). Gender diferences in pulmonary regenerative response to naphthalene-induced bronchiolar epithelial cell injury. Cell Prolif 2009 Oct;42(5):672-687
49. Phimister A, Lee M, Morin D, Buckpitt AR, Plopper CG. (2004). Glutathione depletion is a major determinant of inhaled naphthalene respiratory tox-icity and naphthalene metabolism in mice. Toxicol Sci 82:268-278.
50. Plopper CG, Suverkropp C, Morin D, Nishio S, Buckpitt A. (1992a). Relationship of cytochrome P-450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. I. Histopathologic comparison of the respiratory tract of mice, rats and hamsters after parenteral administration of naphthalene. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 261:353-363.
51. Plopper CG, Macklin J, Nishio SJ, Hyde DM, Buckpitt AR. (1992b). Relationship of cytochrome P-450 activity to Clara cell cytotoxicity. III. Morphometric comparison of changes in the epithelial populations of terminal bron chioles and lobar bronchi in mice, hamsters, and rats after parenteral administration of naphthalene. Lab Invest 67:553-565.
52. Raunio H, Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, Lassila A, Paivarinta L, Pelkonen O, Anttila S, Piipari R, Boobis A, Edwards RJ. (1999). Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs in human pulmonary tissue. Exp Toxicol Pathol 51:412-417.
53. Saeed M, Higginbotham S, Rogan E, Cavalieri E. (2007). Formation of depu-rinating N3adenine and N7guanine adducts after reaction of 1,2-naph-thoquinone or enzyme-activated 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene with DNA. Implications for the mechanism of tumor initiation by naphthalene. Chem Biol Interact 165:175-188.
54. Saeed M, Higginbotham S, Gaikwad N, Chakravarti D, Rogan E, Cavalieri E. (2009). Depurinating naphthalene-DNA adducts in mouse skin related to cancer initiation. Free Radic Biol Med 47:1075-1081.
55. Schreiner CA. (2003). Genetic toxicity of naphthalene: A review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 6:161-183.
56. Shultz MA, Choudary PV, Buckpitt AR. (1999). Role of murine cytochrome P-450 2F2 in metabolic activation of naphthalene and metabolism of other xeno-biotics. J Pharmacol Exp Ter 290:281-288.
57. Simmonds AC, Ghanayem BI, Sharma A, Reilly CA, Millen B, Yost GS, Forkert, PG. (2004). Bioactivation of 1,1-dichloroethylene by CYP2E1 and CYP2F2 in murine lung. J Pharmacol Exp Ter. 310:855-864.
58. Sonich-Mullin C, Fielder R, Wiltse J, Baetcke K, Dempsey J, Fenner-Crisp P, Grant D, Hartley M, Knaap A, Kroese D, Mangelsdorf I, Meek E, Rice JM, Younes M. (2001). IPCS conceptual framework for evaluating a mode of action for chemical carcinogenesis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 34:146-152.
59. Su T, Bao Z, Zhang QY, Smith TJ, Hong JY, Ding X. (2000). Human cytochrome P450 CYP2A13: Predominant expression in the respiratory tract and its high efciency metabolic activation of a tobacco-specifc carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cancer Res 60:5074-5079.
60. Tornton-Manning JR, Dahl AR. (1997). Metabolic capacity of nasal tissue interspecies comparisons of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Mutat Res 380:43-59.
61. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2001). Toxicological Review of Chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). October. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/toxreviews/0025tr.pdf.
62. US EPA. (2004). Toxicological review of naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). NCEA-S-1707, June 2004, External review draft. Washington, DC: Ofce of Research and Development.
63. Van Winkle L, Isaac J, Plopper C. (1997). Distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor and ligands during bronchiolar epithelial repair from naphthalene-induced Clara cell injury in the mouse. Am J Pathol 151:443-459.
64. Van Winkle LS, Buckpitt AR, Nishio SJ, Isaac JM, Plopper CG. (1995). Cellular responses in naphthalene-induced Clara cell injury and bronchiolar epithelial repair in mice. Am J Physiol 269(6 Pt 1):L800-L818.
65. Van Winkle LS, Evans MJ, Brown CD, Willits NH, Pinkerton KE, Plopper CG. (2001). Prior exposure to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke impairs bronchiolar injury and repair. Toxicol Sci 60:152-164.
66. Van Winkle LS, Brown CD, Shimizu JA, Gunderson AD, Evans MJ, Plopper CG. (2004). Impaired recovery from naphthalene-induced bronchiolar epithelial injury in mice exposed to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett 154:1-9.
67. Waidyanatha S, Rappaport SM. (2008). Hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone in Swiss Webster mice. Chem Biol Interact 172:105-114.
68. Waidyanatha S, Troester MA, Lindstrom AB, Rappaport SM. (2002). Measurement of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of naphthalene-1,2-oxide, 1,2-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone after administration of naphthalene to F344 rats. Chem Biol Interact 141:189-210.
69. West JA, Pakehham G, Morin D, Fleschneer CA, Buckpitt AR, Plopper CG. (2001). Inhaled naphthalene causes dose dependent Clara cell cytotoxic-ity in mice but not in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 173:114-119.
70. Wilson AS, Davis CD, Williams DP, Buckpitt AR, Pirmohamed M, Park BK. (1996). Characterization of the toxic metabolite(s) of naphthalene. Toxicology 114:233-242.
71. Zheng J, Cho M, Jones AD, Hammock BD. (1997). Evidence of quinone metabolites of naphthalene covalently bound to sulfur nucleophiles of proteins of murine Clara cells after exposure to naphthalene. Chem Res Toxicol 10:1008-1014.