메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1195, Issue , 2010, Pages 169-197

The conservation and restoration of wild bees

Author keywords

Agri environment scheme; Ecosystem service; Farm Bill; Global change; Land use change; Pollination; Pollinator; Pollinator conservation; Pollinator restoration; Restoration ecology

Indexed keywords

PESTICIDE;

EID: 77952001160     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05449.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (265)

References (266)
  • 1
    • 0000742870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and the evolution of wind pollination
    • S.J. Owens & P.J. udall,ds.: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Richmond, UK
    • Linder, H.P. 1998. Morphology and the evolution of wind pollination. In Reproductive Biology. S.J. Owens & P.J. udall,ds.: 123-135. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Richmond, UK.
    • (1998) Reproductive Biology. , pp. 123-135
    • Linder, H.P.1
  • 2
    • 0025527670 scopus 로고
    • Plant-pollinator interations in tropical rain forests
    • Bawa,K.S. 1990. Plant-pollinator interations in tropical rain forests. Annu. Rev. Ecol. System. 21: 399-422.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. System. , vol.21 , pp. 399-422
    • Bawa, K.S.1
  • 3
    • 0002288613 scopus 로고
    • Bees, pollination systems and plant diversity
    • J. LaSalle & I.D. Gauld, Eds.: CAB International.Wallingford, UK
    • Neff, J.L. & B. B. Simpson. 1993. Bees, pollination systems and plant diversity. In Hymenoptera and Biodiversity. J. LaSalle & I.D. Gauld, Eds.: 143-167. CAB International.Wallingford, UK.
    • (1993) Hymenoptera and Biodiversity , pp. 143-167
    • Neff, J.L.1    Simpson, B.B.2
  • 4
    • 0041551314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of birds and insects as pollinators of the New Zealand flora
    • Anderson, S. 2003. The relative importance of birds and insects as pollinators of the New Zealand flora. NZ J. Ecol. 27: 83-94.
    • (2003) NZ J. Ecol. , vol.27 , pp. 83-94
    • Anderson, S.1
  • 5
    • 0038076075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American dipteran pollinators: Assessing their value and conservation status
    • Kearns, C.A. 2001. North American dipteran pollinators: assessing their value and conservation status. Conservation cology. 5: . Econsecol. http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art5.
    • (2001) Conservation Ecology. , vol.5
    • Kearns, C.A.1
  • 6
    • 0004224262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London
    • Michener, C. 2007. The Bees of the World, 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London.
    • (2007) The Bees of the World
    • Michener, C.1
  • 7
    • 39049192601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops
    • Klein, A-M. et al. 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B. 274: 303-313.
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B. , vol.274 , pp. 303-313
    • Klein, A.-M.1
  • 9
    • 34748905639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National ResearchCouncil. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC
    • National ResearchCouncil. 2007. Status of Pollinators in North America. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
    • (2007) Status of Pollinators in North America
  • 10
    • 34250372609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's killing American honey bees?
    • Oldroyd, B.P. 2007. What's killing American honey bees? Plos Biol. 5: 1195-1199.
    • (2007) Plos Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1195-1199
    • Oldroyd, B.P.1
  • 11
    • 67349214645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination
    • online
    • Aizen, M.A. & L.D. Harder. 2009. The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination. Curr. Biol. online.
    • (2009) Curr. Biol.
    • Aizen, M.A.1    Harder, L.D.2
  • 12
    • 54149101994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term global trends in crop yield and production reveal no current pollination shortage but increasing pollinator dependency
    • Aizen, M.A. et al. 2008. Long-term global trends in crop yield and production reveal no current pollination shortage but increasing pollinator dependency. Curr.Biol. 18: 1572-1575.
    • (2008) Curr.Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1572-1575
    • Aizen, M.A.1
  • 13
    • 54149092015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinator-dependent crops: An increasingly risky business
    • Winfree, R. 2008. Pollinator-dependent crops: an increasingly risky business. Curr. Biol. 18: 968-969.
    • (2008) Curr. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 968-969
    • Winfree, R.1
  • 14
    • 0036299669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative pollination effectivenessamong bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) at lowbush blueberry (Ericacea: Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)
    • Javorek, S.K. 2002. Comparative pollination effectivenessamong bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) at lowbush blueberry (Ericacea: Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95: 345-351.
    • (2002) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.95 , pp. 345-351
    • Javorek, S.K.1
  • 15
    • 0001867833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of bee species for pollination of legume seed crops
    • A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann, C.O'Toole, P.Westrich, I.H.Williams, Eds.: Academic Press. London
    • Richards, K.W. 1996. Comparative efficacy of bee species for pollination of legume seed crops. In The Conservation of Bees, Vol.No. 18. A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann, C.O'Toole, P.Westrich, I.H.Williams, Eds.: 81-103. Academic Press. London.
    • (1996) The Conservation of Bees , Issue.18 , pp. 81-103
    • Richards, K.W.1
  • 17
    • 0032976278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of stingless bees in crop pollination
    • Heard, T.A. 1999. The role of stingless bees in crop pollination. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 44: 183-206.
    • (1999) Ann. Rev. Entomol. , vol.44 , pp. 183-206
    • Heard, T.A.1
  • 19
    • 34848874270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses
    • Winfree, R. et al. 2007. Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses. Ecol. Lett. 10: 1105-1113.
    • (2007) Ecol. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 1105-1113
    • Winfree, R.1
  • 20
    • 0037168514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification
    • Kremen, C., N.M.Williams & R.W. Thorp. 2002. Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99: 16812-16816.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.99 , pp. 16812-16816
    • Kremen, C.1    Williams, N.M.2    Thorp, R.W.3
  • 21
    • 0000835890 scopus 로고
    • Management of wild bees for pollination of crops
    • Bohart, G.E. 1972. Management of wild bees for pollination of crops. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 17: 287-312.
    • (1972) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.17 , pp. 287-312
    • Bohart, G.E.1
  • 22
    • 0001783720 scopus 로고
    • Bees as crop pollinators and the role of solitary species in changing environments
    • Torchio, P.F. 1991. Bees as crop pollinators and the role of solitary species in changing environments. Acta Horticulturae 288: 49-61.
    • (1991) Acta Horticulturae , vol.288 , pp. 49-61
    • Torchio, P.F.1
  • 23
    • 0000737656 scopus 로고
    • Non-Apis bees as crop pollinators
    • Richards,K.W. 1993.Non-Apis bees as crop pollinators. Revue Suisse De Zoologie. 100: 807-822.
    • (1993) Revue Suisse De Zoologie , vol.100 , pp. 807-822
    • Richards, K.W.1
  • 25
    • 0141501987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollination of Coffea canephora in relation to local and regional agroforestry management
    • Klein, A.-M., I. Steffan-Dewenter&T.Tscharntke. 2003. Pollination of Coffea canephora in relation to local and regional agroforestry management. J. Appl. Ecol. 40: 837-845.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.40 , pp. 837-845
    • Klein, A.-M.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 26
    • 41849135030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape effects on crop pollination services: Are there general patterns?
    • Ricketts, T.H. et al. 2008. Landscape effects on crop pollination services: Are there general patterns? Ecol. Lett. 11: 499-515.
    • (2008) Ecol Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 499-515
    • Ricketts, T.H.1
  • 27
    • 33748760909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild bees enhance honey bees' pollination of hybrid sunflower
    • Greenleaf, S.S. & C. Kremen. 2006. Wild bees enhance honey bees' pollination of hybrid sunflower. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103: 13890-13895.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.103 , pp. 13890-13895
    • Greenleaf, S.S.1    Kremen, C.2
  • 28
    • 33744459797 scopus 로고
    • Complementary aspects of strawberry pollination by honey and ndigenous bees (Hymenoptera)
    • Chagnon, M., J. Gingras & D. de Oliveira. 1993. Complementary aspects of strawberry pollination by honey and ndigenous bees (Hymenoptera). Ecol. Behav. 86: 416-420.
    • (1993) Ecol. Behav. , vol.86 , pp. 416-420
    • Chagnon, M.1    Gingras, J.2    De Oliveira, D.3
  • 29
    • 33749999602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in diversity and specificity of pollination systems
    • N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: The University of Chicago Press. Chicago
    • Ollerton, J., S.D. Johnson & A.B. Hingston. 2006. Geographical variation in diversity and specificity of pollination systems. In Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization. N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: 283-308. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
    • (2006) Plant-Pollinator Interactions:From Specialization to Generalization , pp. 283-308
    • Ollerton, J.1    Johnson, S.D.2    Hingston, A.B.3
  • 30
    • 0001245431 scopus 로고
    • Host-plant evolution and the diversity of bees in relation to the flora of North America
    • Moldenke, A.R. 1979. Host-plant evolution and the diversity of bees in relation to the flora of North America. Phytologia 43: 357-419.
    • (1979) Phytologia , vol.43 , pp. 357-419
    • Moldenke, A.R.1
  • 32
    • 68349104802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity, threats and conservation of native bees in the Neotropics
    • Freitas, B.M. et al. 2009. Diversity, threats and conservation of native bees in the Neotropics. Apidologie 40: 332-346.
    • (2009) Apidologie , vol.40 , pp. 332-346
    • Freitas, B.M.1
  • 33
    • 0037417813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global variation in terrestrial conservation costs, conservation benefits, and unmet conservation needs
    • Balmford, A. et al. 2003. Global variation in terrestrial conservation costs, conservation benefits, and unmet conservation needs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 1046-1050.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Balmford, A.1
  • 34
    • 0012457061 scopus 로고
    • The nesting habits of solitary bees
    • Malyshev, S.I. 1935. The nesting habits of solitary bees. Eos 11: 201-309.
    • (1935) Eos , vol.11 , pp. 201-309
    • Malyshev, S.I.1
  • 35
    • 0029750640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floral resource utilization by solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and exploitation of their stored foods by natural enemies
    • Wcislo, W.T. & J.H. Cane. 1996. Floral resource utilization by solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and exploitation of their stored foods by natural enemies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41: 257-286.
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.41 , pp. 257-286
    • Wcislo, W.T.1    Cane, J.H.2
  • 36
    • 0001169555 scopus 로고
    • Community structure of neotropical flower visiting bees and wasps: Diversity and phenology
    • Heithaus, E.R. 1979. Community structure of neotropical flower visiting bees and wasps: diversity and phenology. Ecology 60: 190-202.
    • (1979) Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 190-202
    • Heithaus, E.R.1
  • 37
    • 41949083535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faunal composition and species richness differences of bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) from two North American regions
    • Minckley, R. 2008. Faunal composition and species richness differences of bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) from two North American regions. Apidologie 39: 176-188.
    • (2008) Apidologie , vol.39 , pp. 176-188
    • Minckley, R.1
  • 38
    • 0030422502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters
    • Waser, N.M. et al. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology 77: 1043-1060.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1043-1060
    • Waser, N.M.1
  • 39
    • 0034615126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins and ecological consequences of pollen specialization among desert bees
    • Minckley, R.L., J.H.Cane&L.Kervin. 2000.Origins and ecological consequences of pollen specialization among desert bees. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 267: 265-271.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. , vol.267 , pp. 265-271
    • Minckley, R.L.1    Cane, J.H.2    Kervin, L.3
  • 40
    • 0033533885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence dynamics and bet hedging in a desert bee, Perdita portalis
    • Danforth, B.N. 1999. Emergence dynamics and bet hedging in a desert bee, Perdita portalis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 266: 1985-1994.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. , vol.266 , pp. 1985-1994
    • Danforth, B.N.1
  • 41
    • 0002066206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and extent of declines among native North American invertebrate pollinators: Detection, evidence, and consequences
    • [online] URL:
    • Cane, J.H. & V.J. Tepedino. 2001. Causes and extent of declines among native North American invertebrate pollinators: detection, evidence, and consequences. Conservation Ecol. 5: [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/vol5/iss1/.
    • (2001) Conservation Ecol. , vol.5
    • Cane, J.H.1    Tepedino, V.J.2
  • 42
    • 0031966886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields
    • Allen-Wardell, G. et al. 1998. The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields. Conservation Biol. 12: 8-17.
    • (1998) Conservation Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 8-17
    • Allen-Wardell, G.1
  • 43
    • 0032436565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions
    • Kearns, C.A., D.W. Inouye & N.M. Waser. 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29: 83-112.
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.29 , pp. 83-112
    • Kearns, C.A.1    Inouye, D.W.2    Waser, N.M.3
  • 44
    • 0033781088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global perspectives on pollination disruptions
    • Kremen, C. & T. Ricketts. 2000. Global perspectives on pollination disruptions. Conservation Biol. 14: 1226-1228.
    • (2000) Conservation Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1226-1228
    • Kremen, C.1    Ricketts, T.2
  • 45
    • 20444504773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buzziness as usual? Questioning the global pollination crisis
    • Ghazoul, J. 2005. Buzziness as usual? Questioning the global pollination crisis. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20: 367-373.
    • (2005) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 367-373
    • Ghazoul, J.1
  • 46
    • 33745861094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to Steffan-Dewenter et al.: Questioning the global pollination crisis
    • Ghazoul, J. 2005. Response to Steffan-Dewenter et al.: Questioning the global pollination crisis. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20: 652-653.
    • (2005) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 652-653
    • Ghazoul, J.1
  • 47
    • 27844462430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinator diversity and crop pollination services are at risk
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I., S. G. Potts&L. Packer. 2005. Pollinator diversity and crop pollination services are at risk. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20: 651-652.
    • (2005) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 651-652
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1    Potts, S.G.2    Packer, L.3
  • 48
    • 57549110240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring bee diversity in different European habitats and biogeographical regions
    • Westphal, C. et al. 2008.Measuring bee diversity in different European habitats and biogeographical regions. Ecol. Monogr. 78: 653-671.
    • (2008) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.78 , pp. 653-671
    • Westphal, C.1
  • 49
    • 33746537975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands
    • Biesmeijer, J. C. et al. 2006. Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313: 351-354.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 351-354
    • Biesmeijer, J.C.1
  • 50
    • 70349551814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The survey of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in Belgium and France
    • Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome
    • Rasmont, P. et al. 2006. The survey of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in Belgium and France. In Status of theWorld's Pollinators: 1-18. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.
    • (2006) Status of theWorld's Pollinators: 1-18
    • Rasmont, P.1
  • 51
    • 33846981584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thepopulation dynamics and genetics of solitary bees:a European case study, Andrena vaga (Hymenoptera,andrenidae)
    • B.M. Freitas & J.O.P.Pereira, Eds.: University Dederal do Ceara.Ceara, Brazil
    • Mohra, C., M. Fellendorf & R.J. Paxton. 2004. Thepopulation dynamics and genetics of solitary bees:a European case study, Andrena vaga (Hymenoptera,andrenidae). In Solitary Bees: Conservation, Rearing and Management for Pollination. B.M. Freitas & J.O.P.Pereira, Eds.: 85-95. University Dederal do Ceara.Ceara, Brazil.
    • (2004) Solitary Bees: Conservation, Rearing and Management for Pollination , pp. 85-95
    • Mohra, C.1    Fellendorf, M.2    Paxton, R.J.3
  • 52
    • 68349097224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey and review of the status of wild bees in the West-Palaearcticregion
    • Patiny, S., P. Rasmont & D.Michez. 2009. A survey and review of the status of wild bees in the West-Palaearcticregion. Apidologie 40: 313-331.
    • (2009) Apidologie , vol.40 , pp. 313-331
    • Patiny, S.1    Rasmont, P.2    Michez, D.3
  • 54
    • 61449239499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onthe relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe
    • Kleijn,D. et al. 2009.Onthe relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 276: 903-909.
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. , vol.276 , pp. 903-909
    • Kleijn, D.1
  • 55
    • 33644962874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries
    • Kleijn, D. et al. 2006. Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries. Ecol. Lett. 9: 243-254.
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 243-254
    • Kleijn, D.1
  • 56
    • 67650370615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation worldwide
    • Williams, P.H. & J.L. Osborne. 2009. Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation worldwide. Apidologie 40: 367-387.
    • (2009) Apidologie , vol.40 , pp. 367-387
    • Williams, P.H.1    Osborne, J.L.2
  • 58
  • 59
    • 33847629965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline of the bumble bees and cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) of Western and Central Europe
    • Kosior, A. et al. 2007. The decline of the bumble bees and cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) of Western and Central Europe. Orzx 41: 79-88.
    • (2007) Orzx , vol.41 , pp. 79-88
    • Kosior, A.1
  • 60
    • 33748294306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declines in forage availability for bumblebees at a national scale
    • Carvell, C. et al. 2006. Declines in forage availability for bumblebees at a national scale. Biol. Conservation 132: 481-489.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.132 , pp. 481-489
    • Carvell, C.1
  • 61
    • 54549120238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective analysis of pollen host plant use by stable and declining bumble bee species
    • Kleijn,D.&I. Raemakers. 2008. A retrospective analysis of pollen host plant use by stable and declining bumble bee species. Ecology 89: 1811-1823.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1811-1823
    • Kleijn, D.1    Raemakers, I.2
  • 62
    • 4644276015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does specialization explain rarity and decline among British bumblebees? A response to Goulson et al
    • Williams, P. H. 2005. Does specialization explain rarity and decline among British bumblebees? A response to Goulson et al. Biol. Conservation 122: 33-43.
    • (2005) Biol. Conservation , vol.122 , pp. 33-43
    • Williams, P.H.1
  • 63
    • 4644338228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of rarity in bumblebees
    • Goulson,D. et al. 2005. Causes of rarity in bumblebees. Biol. Conservation 122: 1-8.
    • (2005) Biol. Conservation , vol.122 , pp. 1-8
    • Goulson, D.1
  • 64
    • 0942289684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niche overlap and diet breadth in bumblebees; are rare species more specialized in their choice of flowers?
    • Goulson, D. & B. Darvill. 2004. Niche overlap and diet breadth in bumblebees; are rare species more specialized in their choice of flowers? Apidologie 35: 55-63.
    • (2004) Apidologie , vol.35 , pp. 55-63
    • Goulson, D.1    Darvill, B.2
  • 65
    • 33644794871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotope associations and the decline of bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
    • Goulson, D. et al. 2006. Biotope associations and the decline of bumblebees (Bombus spp.). J. Insect Conservation 10: 95-103.
    • (2006) J. Insect Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 95-103
    • Goulson, D.1
  • 66
    • 33847269645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rarity and decline in bumblebees - A test of causes andcorrelates in the Irish fauna
    • Fitzpatrick, U., T.E. Murray, R.J. Paxton, et al. 2007. Rarity and decline in bumblebees - a test of causes andcorrelates in the Irish fauna. Biol. Conservation 136: 185-194.
    • (2007) Biol. Conservation , vol.136 , pp. 185-194
    • Fitzpatrick, U.1    Murray, T.E.2    Paxton, R.J.3
  • 67
    • 67650441716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumblebee vulnerability: Common correlates of winners and losers across three continents
    • Williams, P., S. Colla&Z. Xie. 2009. Bumblebee vulnerability: common correlates of winners and losers across three continents. Conservation Biol. 23: 931-940.
    • (2009) Conservation Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 931-940
    • Williams, P.1    Colla, S.2    Xie, Z.3
  • 68
    • 45449116504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson
    • Colla, S.R. & L. Packer. 2008. Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson. Biodiversity Conservation 17: 1379-1391.
    • (2008) Biodiversity Conservation , vol.17 , pp. 1379-1391
    • Colla, S.R.1    Packer, L.2
  • 69
    • 57149091107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest
    • Grixti, J.C. et al. 2009. Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest. Biol. Conservation 142: 75-84.
    • (2009) Biol. Conservation , vol.142 , pp. 75-84
    • Grixti, J.C.1
  • 70
    • 67650389730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status review of three formerly common species of bumble bee in the subgenus
    • Xerces Society for InvertebrateConservation. Portland. OR
    • Evans, E. et al. 2008. Status review of three formerly common species of bumble bee in the subgenus Bombus. Xerces Society for InvertebrateConservation. Portland. OR.
    • (2008) Bombus
    • Evans, E.1
  • 71
    • 33644894162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plight of the bumble bee: Pathogen spillover from commercial to wild populations
    • Colla, S.R. et al. 2006. Plight of the bumble bee: pathogen spillover from commercial to wild populations. Biol. Conservation 129: 461-467.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.129 , pp. 461-467
    • Colla, S.R.1
  • 72
    • 50649091092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does pathogen spillover from comercially reared bumble bees threaten wild pollinators?
    • Otterstatter, M.C. & J.D. Thomson. 2008. Does pathogen spillover from comercially reared bumble bees threaten wild pollinators? PLoS ONE 3: 1-9.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3 , pp. 1-9
    • Otterstatter, M.C.1    Thomson, J.D.2
  • 73
    • 62049085911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of bees' responses to anthropogenic disturbance
    • Winfree, R. et al. 2009. A meta-analysis of bees' responses to anthropogenic disturbance. Ecology 90: 2068-2076.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 2068-2076
    • Winfree, R.1
  • 74
    • 33847611942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation status of the endemic bees of Hawai'i, Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) (Hymenoptera : Colletidae)
    • Magnacca, K.N. 2007. Conservation status of the endemic bees of Hawai'i, Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) (Hymenoptera : Colletidae). Pac. Sci. 61: 173-190.
    • (2007) Pac. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 173-190
    • Magnacca, K.N.1
  • 76
    • 0002276954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ups and downs in pollinator populations: When is there a decline?
    • [online] URL:
    • Roubik, D.W. 2001. Ups and downs in pollinator populations: when is there a decline? Conservation Ecol. 5: [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/ iss1/art7.
    • (2001) Conservation Ecol. , vol.5
    • Roubik, D.W.1
  • 77
    • 0031874826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifiying threats to imperiled species in the United States
    • Wilcove,D.S. et al. 1998. Quantifiying threats to imperiled species in theUnited States. Bioscience 48: 607-615.
    • (1998) Bioscience , vol.48 , pp. 607-615
    • Wilcove, D.S.1
  • 78
    • 33751057118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threats to endangered species in Canada
    • Venter, O. et al. 2006. Threats to endangered species in Canada. Bioscience 56: 903-910.
    • (2006) Bioscience , vol.56 , pp. 903-910
    • Venter, O.1
  • 79
    • 0034629324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100
    • Sala, E.O. et al. 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287: 1770-1774.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1770-1774
    • Sala, E.O.1
  • 80
    • 1542329839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction risk from climate change
    • Thomas, C.D. et al. 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , pp. 145-148
    • Thomas, C.D.1
  • 81
    • 68349121370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conservation of bees: A global perspective
    • Brown, M.J.F. & R.J. Paxton. 2009. The conservation of bees: a global perspective. Apidologie 40: 410-416.
    • (2009) Apidologie , vol.40 , pp. 410-416
    • Brown, M.J.F.1    Paxton, R.J.2
  • 82
    • 0010539443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I. et al. 2002. Scale-dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds. Ecology 83: 1421-1432.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1421-1432
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1
  • 84
    • 0002370465 scopus 로고
    • Environmental change and distributions of British bumble bees (Bombus Latr.)
    • Williams, P.H. 1986. Environmental change and distributions of British bumble bees (Bombus Latr.). Bee World 67: 50-61.
    • (1986) Bee World , vol.67 , pp. 50-61
    • Williams, P.H.1
  • 85
    • 33846992584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of human disturbance on bee communities in a forested ecosystem
    • Winfree, R., T. Griswold & C. Kremen. 2007. Effect of human disturbance on bee communities in a forested ecosystem. Conservation Biol. 21: 213-223.
    • (2007) Conservation Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 213-223
    • Winfree, R.1    Griswold, T.2    Kremen, C.3
  • 86
    • 0024191898 scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by bumble bees (Bombus spp.)
    • Williams, P.H. 1988.Habitat use by bumble bees (Bombus spp.). Ecol. Entomol. 13: 223-237.
    • (1988) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.13 , pp. 223-237
    • Williams, P.H.1
  • 87
    • 0002152668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Man-made bee habitats in the anthropogenous landscape of central Europe: Substitutes for threatened or destroyed riverine habitats?
    • A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann C. O'Toole, P. Westrich, I.H. Williams, Eds.: Academic Press. London, UK
    • Klemm, M. 1996. Man-made bee habitats in the anthropogenous landscape of central Europe: substitutes for threatened or destroyed riverine habitats? In The Conservation of Bees. A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann, C. O'Toole, P. Westrich, I.H. Williams, Eds.: 17-34. Academic Press. London, UK.
    • (1996) The Conservation of Bees , pp. 17-34
    • Klemm, M.1
  • 88
    • 34247266115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bee community shiftswith landscape context in a tropical countryside
    • Brosi, B.J., G.C. Daily & P.R. Ehrlich. 2007. Bee community shiftswith landscape context in a tropical countryside. Ecol. Appl. 17: 418-430.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl. , vol.17 , pp. 418-430
    • Brosi, B.J.1    Daily, G.C.2    Ehrlich, P.R.3
  • 89
    • 42949126265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of forest fragmentation on bee communities in tropical countryside
    • Brosi, B.J. et al. 2008. The effects of forest fragmentation on bee communities in tropical countryside.J. Appl. Ecol. 45: 773-783.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.45 , pp. 773-783
    • Brosi, B.J.1
  • 90
    • 30644474216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal variation in the diversity of hymenoptera across a tropical habitat gradient
    • Tylianakis, J.M., A.-M. Klein & T. Tscharntke. 2005. Spatiotemporal variation in the diversity of hymenoptera across a tropical habitat gradient. Ecology 86: 3296-3302.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 3296-3302
    • Tylianakis, J.M.1    Klein, A.-M.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 91
    • 34848866430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild bee pollinators provide the majority of crop visitation across land use gradients in NewJersey and Pennsylvania
    • Winfree, R. et al. 2008.Wild bee pollinators provide the majority of crop visitation across land use gradients in NewJersey and Pennsylvania. J. Appl. Ecol. 45: 793-802.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.45 , pp. 793-802
    • Winfree, R.1
  • 92
    • 0141613133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ge netic analysis of spatial foraging patterns and resource sharing in bumble bee pollinators
    • Chapman, R.E., J. Wang & A.F.G. Bourke. 2003. Ge netic analysis of spatial foraging patterns and resource sharing in bumble bee pollinators. Mol. Ecol. 12: 2801-2808.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 2801-2808
    • Chapman, R.E.1    Wang, J.2    Bourke, A.F.G.3
  • 93
    • 33644547362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are urban parks refuges for bumble bees Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera : Apidae)?
    • McFrederick, Q.S. & G. LeBuhn. 2006. Are urban parks refuges for bumble bees Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera : Apidae)? Biol. Conservation 129: 372-382.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.129 , pp. 372-382
    • McFrederick, Q.S.1    LeBuhn, G.2
  • 94
    • 33646142301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex responses within a desert bee guild (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) to urban habitat fragmentation
    • Cane, J.H. et al. 2006. Complex responses within a desert bee guild (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) to urban habitat fragmentation. Ecol. Appl. 632-644.
    • (2006) Ecol. Appl. , pp. 632-644
    • Cane, J.H.1
  • 95
    • 23044476593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserving species in a working landscape: Land use with biological and economicobjectives
    • Polasky, S. et al. 2005. Conserving species in a working landscape: land use with biological and economicobjectives. Ecol. Appl. 15: 1387-1401.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 1387-1401
    • Polasky, S.1
  • 96
    • 0036557571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of small habitat fragments to conservation of insect communities of grassland-cropland landscapes
    • Tscharntke, T. et al. 2002. Contribution of small habitat fragments to conservation of insect communities of grassland-cropland landscapes. Ecol. Appl. 12: 354-363.
    • (2002) Ecol. Appl. , vol.12 , pp. 354-363
    • Tscharntke, T.1
  • 97
    • 0013046642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of insect populations on habitat fragments: A mini review
    • Tscharntke, T. et al. 2002. Characteristics of insect populations on habitat fragments: a mini review. Ecol. Res. 17: 229-239.
    • (2002) Ecol. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 229-239
    • Tscharntke, T.1
  • 99
    • 58249105086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions?
    • Hegland, S.J. et al. 2009. How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions? Ecol. Lett. 12: 184-195.
    • (2009) Ecol. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 184-195
    • Hegland, S.J.1
  • 101
    • 77951989558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change impacts on pollinators - Risks in space and time
    • 15 December 2009. Indianapolis, IN
    • Potts, S.G. 2009. Climate change impacts on pollinators - risks in space and time. Conference presentation, Entomological Society of America, 15 December 2009. Indianapolis, IN.
    • (2009) Conference presentation, Entomological Society of America
    • Potts, S.G.1
  • 102
    • 0035499806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change
    • Warren, M.S. et al. 2001. Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change. Nature 414: 65-69.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 65-69
    • Warren, M.S.1
  • 103
    • 0030316729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological invasions as global environmental change
    • Vitousek, P.M. et al. 1996. Biological invasions as global environmental change. Am. Sci. 84: 468-478.
    • (1996) Am. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 468-478
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 104
    • 34249977867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do alien plant invasions reallyaffect pollination success in native plant species?
    • Bjerknes,A.L. et al. 2007. Do alien plant invasions reallyaffect pollination success in native plant species? Biol. Conservation 138: 1-12.
    • (2007) Biol. Conservation , vol.138 , pp. 1-12
    • Bjerknes, A.L.1
  • 105
    • 0037038980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of alien plants into a native flower-pollinator visitation web
    • Memmott, J. & N.M. Waser. 2002. Integration of alien plants into a native flower-pollinator visitation web. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 269: 2395-2399.
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. , vol.269 , pp. 2395-2399
    • Memmott, J.1    Waser, N.M.2
  • 106
    • 33645092644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasivemutualisms and the structure of plant-pollinator interactions in the temperate forests of north-west Patagonia, Argentina
    • Morales, C.L. &M.A. Aizen. 2006. Invasivemutualisms and the structure of plant-pollinator interactions in the temperate forests of north-west Patagonia, Argentina. J. Ecol. 94: 171-180.
    • (2006) J. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 171-180
    • Morales, C.L.1    Aizen, M.A.2
  • 107
    • 41149107399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of invasive plants in plant-pollinator networks
    • Bartomeus, I., M. Vilà & L. Santamaráa. 2008. Contrasting effects of invasive plants in plant-pollinator networks. Oecologia 155: 761-770.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.155 , pp. 761-770
    • Bartomeus, I.1    Vilà, M.2    Santamaráa, L.3
  • 108
    • 38349126399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Might flowers of invasive plants increase native bee carrying capacity? Intimations from Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
    • Tepedino, V., B. Bradley & T. Griswold. 2008. Might flowers of invasive plants increase native bee carrying capacity? Intimations from Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Nat. Areas J . 28: 44-50.
    • (2008) Nat. Areas J . , vol.28 , pp. 44-50
    • Tepedino, V.1    Bradley, B.2    Griswold, T.3
  • 109
    • 0842301563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efffects of introduced bees on native ecosystems
    • Goulson, D. 2003. Efffects of introduced bees on native ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 34: 1-26.
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.34 , pp. 1-26
    • Goulson, D.1
  • 110
    • 33845605967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting the effects of introduced species: A case study of competition betweenApis and Bombus
    • Thomson, D.M. 2006. Detecting the effects of introduced species: a case study of competition betweenApis and Bombus. Oikos 114: 407-418.
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.114 , pp. 407-418
    • Thomson, D.M.1
  • 111
    • 1542379071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions between the invasive European honey bee and native bumble bees
    • Thomson, D. 2004. Competitive interactions between the invasive European honey bee and native bumble bees. Ecology 85: 458-470.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 458-470
    • Thomson, D.1
  • 112
    • 0033963893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource overlap and possible competition between honey bees and wild bees in central Europe
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I. & T. Tscharntke. 2000. Resource overlap and possible competition between honey bees and wild bees in central Europe. Oecologia 122: 288-296.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.122 , pp. 288-296
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1    Tscharntke, T.2
  • 113
    • 40149089842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement of Japanese native bumblebees by the recently introduced Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Inoue, M.N., J. Yokoyama & I. Washitani. 2008. Displacement of Japanese native bumblebees by the recently introduced Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Insect Conservation 12: 135-146.
    • (2008) J. Insect Conservation , Issue.12 , pp. 135-146
    • Inoue, M.N.1    Yokoyama, J.2    Washitani, I.3
  • 114
    • 68949160522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to reduce bee poisoning from pesticides
    • Riedl, H. et al. 2006.How to reduce bee poisoning from pesticides. Pac. Northwest Extension 591: 1-24.
    • (2006) Pac. Northwest Extension , vol.591 , pp. 1-24
    • Riedl, H.1
  • 115
    • 0000566556 scopus 로고
    • Pesticides and pollinators
    • Johansen, C.A. 1977. Pesticides and pollinators. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 22: 177-192.
    • (1977) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.22 , pp. 177-192
    • Johansen, C.A.1
  • 116
    • 33750460281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into social insectsfromthe genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera
    • Weinstock, G.M. et al. 2006. Insights into social insectsfromthe genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nature 443: 931-949.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 931-949
    • Weinstock, G.M.1
  • 117
    • 0032824492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolating from honeybees to bumblebees in pesticide risk assessment
    • Thompson, H.M. & L.V. Hunt. 1999. Extrapolating from honeybees to bumblebees in pesticide risk assessment. Ecotoxicology 8: 147-166.
    • (1999) Ecotoxicology , vol.8 , pp. 147-166
    • Thompson, H.M.1    Hunt, L.V.2
  • 118
    • 0021050983 scopus 로고
    • Pesticides and bees
    • Johansen, C.A. et al. 1983. Pesticides and bees. Environ. Entomol. 12: 1513-1518.
    • (1983) Environ. Entomol. , vol.12 , pp. 1513-1518
    • Johansen, C.A.1
  • 119
    • 21244438023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal and sub-lethal effects of spinosad on bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson)
    • Morandin, L.A. et al. 2005. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of spinosad on bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson). Pest Manag. Sci. 61: 619-626.
    • (2005) Pest Manag. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 619-626
    • Morandin, L.A.1
  • 120
    • 34548152743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the insecticide phosmet on solitary bee foraging and nesting in orchards of Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
    • Alston, D.G. et al. 2007. Effects of the insecticide phosmet on solitary bee foraging and nesting in orchards of Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Environ. Entomol. 36: 811-816.
    • (2007) Environ. Entomol. , vol.36 , pp. 811-816
    • Alston, D.G.1
  • 121
    • 77951994622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically modified crops: Effects on bees and pollination
    • R.R. James&T.L. Pitts-Singer, Eds.: Oxford University Press. New York
    • Morandin, L.A. 2008. Genetically modified crops: effects on bees and pollination. In Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems.R.R. James&T.L. Pitts-Singer, Eds.: 203-218. Oxford University Press. New York.
    • (2008) Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems , pp. 203-218
    • Morandin, L.A.1
  • 123
    • 10044234900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination
    • Zayed, A. 2004. Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination. Heredity 93: 627-630.
    • (2004) Heredity , vol.93 , pp. 627-630
    • Zayed, A.1
  • 124
    • 56249083218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in native bee faunas and its implications for detecting community changes
    • [online] URL:
    • Williams, N.M., R.L. Minckley & F.A. Silveira. 2001. Variation in native bee faunas and its implications for detecting community changes. Conservation Ecol. 5: [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art7.
    • (2001) Conservation Ecol. , vol.5
    • Williams, N.M.1    Minckley, R.L.2    Silveira, F.A.3
  • 125
    • 0002994078 scopus 로고
    • Density dependence, regulation and variaiblity in animal populations
    • Hanski, I. 1990. Density dependence, regulation and variaiblity in animal populations. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 330: 141-150.
    • (1990) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. , vol.330 , pp. 141-150
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 126
    • 57549087596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male flight distance and population substructure in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
    • Kraus, F.B., S. Wolf & R.F.A. Moritz. 2009. Male flight distance and population substructure in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. J. Anim. Ecol. 78: 247-252.
    • (2009) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.78 , pp. 247-252
    • Kraus, F.B.1    Wolf, S.2    Moritz, R.F.A.3
  • 127
    • 0035544524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of diploid male roduction in a primitively eusocial bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
    • Zayed, A. & L. Packer. 2001.High levels of diploid male roduction in a primitively eusocial bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Heredity 87: 631-636.
    • (2001) Heredity , vol.87 , pp. 631-636
    • Zayed, A.1    Packer, L.2
  • 128
    • 0037329527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity
    • Reed, D.H. & R. Frankham. 2003. Correlation between fitness and genetic diversity. Conservation Biol. 17: 230-237.
    • (2003) Conservation Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 230-237
    • Reed, D.H.1    Frankham, R.2
  • 129
    • 0036568655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding effects in wild populations
    • Keller, L.F. & D.M. Waller. 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 230-241.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 230-241
    • Keller, L.F.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 130
    • 0043286737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression and haplodiploidy: Experimental measures in a parasitoid and comparisons across diploid and haplodiploid insect taxa
    • Henter, H.J. 2003. Inbreeding depression and haplodiploidy: experimental measures in a parasitoid and comparisons across diploid and haplodiploid insect taxa. Evolution 57: 1793-1803.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1793-1803
    • Henter, H.J.1
  • 131
    • 33750973407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely low effective population sizes, genetic structuring and reduced genetic diversity in a threatened bumblebee species, Bombus sylvarum (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Ellis, J.S. et al. 2006. Extremely low effective population sizes, genetic structuring and reduced genetic diversity in a threatened bumblebee species, Bombus sylvarum (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Mol. Ecol. 15: 4375-4386.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 4375-4386
    • Ellis, J.S.1
  • 132
    • 23044456207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations
    • Zayed, A. & L. Packer. 2005. Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 10742-10746.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 10742-10746
    • Zayed, A.1    Packer, L.2
  • 133
    • 0442323234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of diploid male frequency data as an indicator of pollinator decline
    • Zayed, A.,D.W.Roubik&L.Packer. 2004.Use of diploid male frequency data as an indicator of pollinator decline. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 271: S9-S12.
    • (2004) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. , vol.271
    • Zayed, A.1    Roubik, D.W.2    Packer, L.3
  • 134
    • 0033863482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite DNA analysis reveals low diploid male production in a communal bee with inbreeding
    • Paxton, R.J. et al. 2000. Microsatellite DNA analysis reveals low diploid male production in a communal bee with inbreeding. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 69: 483-502.
    • (2000) Biol. J. Linnean Soc. , vol.69 , pp. 483-502
    • Paxton, R.J.1
  • 135
    • 33344472164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased genetic differentiation in a specialist versus a generalist bee: Implications for conservation
    • Zayed, A. et al. 2005. Increased genetic differentiation in a specialist versus a generalist bee: implications for conservation. Conservation Genet. 6: 1017-1026.
    • (2005) Conservation Genet. , vol.6 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Zayed, A.1
  • 136
    • 14044257285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics of potentially endangered mutualisms: Reduced levels of genetic variation in specialist versus generalist bees
    • Packer,L.Z., A.Grixti, et al. 2005.Conservation genetics of potentially endangered mutualisms: reduced levels of genetic variation in specialist versus generalist bees. Conservation Biol. 19: 195-202.
    • (2005) Conservation Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 195-202
    • Packer, L.Z.1    Grixti, A.2
  • 137
    • 34748835837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population genetics of a solitary oligolectic sweat bee, Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) oenotherae (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
    • Zayed, A. & L. Packer. 2007. The population genetics of a solitary oligolectic sweat bee, Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) oenotherae (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Heredity 99: 397-405.
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 397-405
    • Zayed, A.1    Packer, L.2
  • 138
    • 33644779644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure and inbreeding in a rare and declining bumblebee, Bombus muscorum(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Darvill, B. et al. 2006. Population structure and inbreeding in a rare and declining bumblebee, Bombus muscorum(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Mol. Ecol. 15: 601-611.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 601-611
    • Darvill, B.1
  • 139
    • 0035201286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of sociality on the conservation biology of social insects
    • Chapman, R.E.&A.F.G. Bourke. 2001. The influence of sociality on the conservation biology of social insects. Ecol. Lett. 4: 650-662.
    • (2001) Ecol. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 650-662
    • Chapman, R.E.1    Bourke, A.F.G.2
  • 140
    • 33847619875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and mass resources promote colony size and forager densities of a social bee (Bombus pascuorum) in agricultural landscapes
    • Herrmann, F. et al. 2007. Genetic diversity and mass resources promote colony size and forager densities of a social bee (Bombus pascuorum) in agricultural landscapes. Mol. Ecol. 16: 1167-1178.
    • (2007) Mol. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 1167-1178
    • Herrmann, F.1
  • 141
    • 77951991812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inreview. Ecological andlife history traitspredict bee species responses to environmental disturbances
    • (in press)
    • Williams,N.M.,Crone, E. E.,Roulston,T.H., et al. Inreview. Ecological andlife history traitspredict bee species responses to environmental disturbances. Biol. Conservation (in press).
    • Biol. Conservation
    • Williams, N.M.1    Crone, E.E.2    Roulston, T.H.3
  • 143
    • 0028573179 scopus 로고
    • Do mutualisms matter? Assessing the impact of pollinator and disperser disruption on plant extinction
    • Bond,W.J. 1994. Do mutualisms matter? Assessing the impact of pollinator and disperser disruption on plant extinction. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 344: 83-90.
    • (1994) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.344 , pp. 83-90
    • Bond, W.J.1
  • 144
    • 0001307287 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the risk of plant extinction due to pollinator and disperser failure
    • J.H. Lawton & R.M.May, Eds.: Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK
    • Bond, W.J. 1995. Assessing the risk of plant extinction due to pollinator and disperser failure. In Extinction Rates. J.H. Lawton & R.M.May, Eds.: 131-146. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK.
    • (1995) Extinction Rates , pp. 131-146
    • Bond, W.J.1
  • 145
    • 33746703828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: Review and synthesis through a meta-analysis
    • Aguilar, R. et al. 2006. Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta-analysis. Ecol. Lett. 9: 968-980.
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 968-980
    • Aguilar, R.1
  • 146
    • 4644278888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis
    • Koh, L.P. et al. 2004. Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science 305: 1632-1634.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1632-1634
    • Koh, L.P.1
  • 147
    • 68849094696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth mass coextinction: Are most endangered species parasites and mutualists?
    • Dunn, R.R. et al. 2009. The sixth mass coextinction: are most endangered species parasites and mutualists? Proc. Royal Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 276: 3037-3045.
    • (2009) Proc. Royal Soc. B-Biol. Sci. , vol.276 , pp. 3037-3045
    • Dunn, R.R.1
  • 148
    • 33344460787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidentalmutualisms and pollen specialization among bees
    • N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: The University of Chicago Press. Chicago
    • Minckley, R.L.&T.H.Roulston. 2006. Incidentalmutualisms and pollen specialization among bees. In Plant- Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization. N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: 69-98. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
    • (2006) Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization , pp. 69-98
    • Minckley, R.L.1    Roulston, T.H.2
  • 149
    • 37749000332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-animal mutualist networks: The architecture of biodiversity
    • Bascompte, J. & P. Jordano. 2007. Plant-animal mutualist networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol., Evol. Syst. 38: 567-593.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Ecol., Evol. Syst. , vol.38 , pp. 567-593
    • Bascompte, J.1    Jordano, P.2
  • 150
    • 67650759911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniting pattern and process in plant-animal mutualistic networks: A review
    • Vazquez, D.P. et al. 2009. Uniting pattern and process in plant-animal mutualistic networks: a review. Ann. Bot. 103: 1445-1457.
    • (2009) Ann. Bot. , vol.103 , pp. 1445-1457
    • Vazquez, D.P.1
  • 151
    • 34250761380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species abundance and asymmetric interaction strength in ecological networks
    • Vázquez,D.P. et al. 2007. Species abundance and asymmetric interaction strength in ecological networks. Oikos 116: 1120-1127.
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , pp. 1120-1127
    • Vázquez, D.P.1
  • 152
    • 33645973545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance
    • Bascompte, J., Pedro Jordano & Jens M. Olesen. 2006. Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance. Science 312: 431-433.
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 431-433
    • Bascompte, J.1    Jordano, P.2    Olesen, J.M.3
  • 153
    • 3943077528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric specialization: A pervasive feature of plant-pollinator interactions
    • Vázquez,D.P.&M.A. Aizen. 2004. Asymmetric specialization: a pervasive feature of plant-pollinator interactions. Ecology 85: 1251-1257.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Vázquez, D.P.1    Aizen, M.A.2
  • 154
    • 43249101636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term observation of a pollination network: Fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization
    • Petanidou, T. et al. 2008. Long-term observation of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization. Ecol. Lett. 11: 564-575.
    • (2008) Ecol. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 564-575
    • Petanidou, T.1
  • 155
    • 33646029421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative pollen requirements of solitary bees: Implications for bee conservation and the evolution of bee-flower relationships
    • Muller, A. et al. 2006. Quantitative pollen requirements of solitary bees: implications for bee conservation and the evolution of bee-flower relationships. Biol. Conservation 130: 604-615.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.130 , pp. 604-615
    • Muller, A.1
  • 156
    • 13544256458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nesting resources in organising diverse bee communities in a Mediterranean landscape
    • Potts, S.G., Betsy Vulliamy, Stuart Roberts, et al. 2005. Role of nesting resources in organising diverse bee communities in a Mediterranean landscape. Ecol. Entomol. 30: 78-85.
    • (2005) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.30 , pp. 78-85
    • Potts, S.G.1    Vulliamy, B.2    Roberts, S.3
  • 157
    • 0001800443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat requirements of central European bees and the problems of partial habitats
    • A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann, C. O'Toole, P. Westrich, I.H. Williams, Eds.: Academic Press for the Linnean Society of London and IBRA. London, UK
    • Westrich, P. 1996. Habitat requirements of central European bees and the problems of partial habitats. In The Conservation of Bees. A. Matheson, S.L. Buchmann, C. O'Toole, P. Westrich, I.H. Williams, Eds.: 1-16. Academic Press for the Linnean Society of London and IBRA. London, UK.
    • (1996) The Conservation of Bees , pp. 1-16
    • Westrich, P.1
  • 158
    • 34247180170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource distributions among habitats determine solitary bee offspring production in a mosaic landscape
    • Williams, N.M. & C. Kremen. 2007. Resource distributions among habitats determine solitary bee offspring production in a mosaic landscape. Ecol. Appl. 17: 910-921.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl. , vol.17 , pp. 910-921
    • Williams, N.M.1    Kremen, C.2
  • 159
    • 33847644152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring nectar sources for solitary bees and flies in a landscape of deciduous forest and agricultural fields: Production, variability, and consumption
    • Dailey, T.B. & P.E. Scott. 2006. Spring nectar sources for solitary bees and flies in a landscape of deciduous forest and agricultural fields: production, variability, and consumption. J. Torrey Botanical Soc. 133: 535-547.
    • (2006) J. Torrey Botanical Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 535-547
    • Dailey, T.B.1    Scott, P.E.2
  • 160
    • 67650364227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling pollination services across agricultural landscapes
    • Lonsdorf, E. et al. 2009. Modeling pollination services across agricultural landscapes. Ann. Bot. 103: 1589-1600.
    • (2009) Ann. Bot. , vol.103 , pp. 1589-1600
    • Lonsdorf, E.1
  • 161
    • 10644237269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlates of extinction proneness in tropical butterflies
    • Koh, L.P., N.S. Sodhi & B.W. Brook. 2004. Ecological correlates of extinction proneness in tropical butterflies. Conservation Biol. 18: 1572-1578.
    • (2004) Conservation Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1572-1578
    • Koh, L.P.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Brook, B.W.3
  • 162
    • 0033835513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterfly community structure in fragmented habitats
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I. & T. Tscharntke. 2000. Butterfly community structure in fragmented habitats. Ecol. Lett. 3: 449-456.
    • (2000) Ecol. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 449-456
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1    Tscharntke, T.2
  • 163
    • 0031450969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: Combining ecological and paleontological views
    • McKinney, M.L. 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28: 495-516.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.28 , pp. 495-516
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 164
    • 41149101284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of specialist and generalist species along spatial gradients of habitat disturbance and fragmentation
    • Devictor,V., R. Julliard&F. Jiguet. 2008. Distribution of specialist and generalist species along spatial gradients of habitat disturbance and fragmentation. Oikos 117: 507-514.
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 507-514
    • Devictor, V.1    Julliard, R.2    Jiguet, F.3
  • 165
    • 34347210701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat specialization, body size, and family identity explain lepidopteran density-area relationships in a cross-continental comparison
    • Hamback, P.A. et al. 2007. Habitat specialization, body size, and family identity explain lepidopteran density-area relationships in a cross-continental comparison. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 8368-8373.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 8368-8373
    • Hamback, P.A.1
  • 166
    • 13844311005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics
    • Kotiaho, J.S. et al. 2005. Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 1963-1967.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 1963-1967
    • Kotiaho, J.S.1
  • 167
    • 33344471554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing floral specialization by bees: Analytical methods and a revised lexicon for oligolecty
    • N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: TheUniversity ofChicago Press. Chicago
    • Cane, J.H. & S. Sipes. 2006. Characterizing floral specialization by bees: analytical methods and a revised lexicon for oligolecty. In Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization. N.M. Waser & J. Ollerton, Eds.: 99-122. TheUniversity ofChicago Press. Chicago.
    • (2006) Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization , pp. 99-122
    • Cane, J.H.1    Sipes, S.2
  • 169
    • 23844468767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species
    • Cardillo,M. et al. 2005.Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science 309: 1239-1241.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 1239-1241
    • Cardillo, M.1
  • 170
    • 0034700891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes
    • Thomas, C.D. 2000. Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 267: 139-145.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.267 , pp. 139-145
    • Thomas, C.D.1
  • 171
    • 34547820954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bee foraging ranges and their relationship to body size
    • Greenleaf, S.S. et al. 2007. Bee foraging ranges and their relationship to body size. Oecologia 153: 589-596.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.153 , pp. 589-596
    • Greenleaf, S.S.1
  • 173
    • 34547735954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World of insects
    • Stork, N.E. 2007.World of insects.Nature 448:657-658.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 657-658
    • Stork, N.E.1
  • 174
    • 27944449967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority
    • Dunn, R.R. 2005. Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority. Conservation Biol. 19: 1030-1036.
    • (2005) Conservation Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Dunn, R.R.1
  • 175
    • 0032713648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rates of extinction and threat in poorly studies taxa
    • McKinney, M.L. 1999. High rates of extinction and threat in poorly studies taxa. Conservation Biol. 13:1273-1281.
    • (1999) Conservation Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 1273-1281
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 176
    • 0037067593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic bias in conservation research
    • Clark, J.A. & R.M. May. 2002. Taxonomic bias in conservation research. Science 297: 191-192.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 191-192
    • Clark, J.A.1    May, R.M.2
  • 177
    • 26844435578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endangered Invertebrates: The case for greater attention to invertebrate conservation
    • Hoffman Black, S., M. Shepard & M. Mackey Allen. 2001. Endangered Invertebrates: the case for greater attention to invertebrate conservation. Endangered Species Update 18: 42-50.
    • (2001) Endangered Species Update , vol.18 , pp. 42-50
    • Hoffman Black, S.1    Shepard, M.2    Mackey Allen, M.3
  • 179
    • 77952003855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What have red lists done for us? The values and limitations of protected species listing for invertebrates
    • A.J.A. Stewart, T.R. New & O.T. Lewis, Eds.: CABI Publishing.Wallingford, UK
    • Warren,M.S. et al. 2007.What have red lists done for us? The values and limitations of protected species listing for invertebrates. In Insect Conservation Biology (Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society's 23rd Symposium). A.J.A. Stewart, T.R. New & O.T. Lewis, Eds.: 76-91. CABI Publishing.Wallingford, UK.
    • (2007) Insect Conservation Biology (Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society's 23rd Symposium) , pp. 76-91
    • Warren, M.S.1
  • 180
    • 77951996920 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrates and the endangered species act
    • Bean, J.M. 1993. Invertebrates and the Endangered Species Act. Wings 17: 12-15.
    • (1993) Wings , vol.17 , pp. 12-15
    • Bean, J.M.1
  • 181
    • 1642403110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis
    • Thomas, J.A. et al. 2004. Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis. Science 303: 1879-1881.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1879-1881
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 182
    • 33745759755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid declines of common, widespread Britishmoths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis
    • Conrad, K.F. et al. 2006. Rapid declines of common, widespread Britishmoths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis. Biol. Conservation 132: 279-291.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.132 , pp. 279-291
    • Conrad, K.F.1
  • 183
    • 77952004561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN. 2009 IUCN Red List of threatened species
    • IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of threatened species, Vol.2009.
    • (2009)
  • 184
    • 33748413478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selling out on nature
    • McCauley,D.J. 2006. Selling out on nature. Nature 443: 27-28.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 27-28
    • McCauley, D.J.1
  • 185
    • 0344237279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valuing nature: Lessons learned and future research directions
    • Turner, K. et al. 2003. Valuing nature: lessons learned and future research directions. Ecol. Econ. 46: 493-510.
    • (2003) Ecol. Econ. , vol.46 , pp. 493-510
    • Turner, K.1
  • 186
    • 0030618171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of theworld's ecosystem services and natural capital
    • Costanza, R. et al. 1997. The value of theworld's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387: 253-260.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 253-260
    • Costanza, R.1
  • 187
    • 37349058607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges to the uptake of the ecosystem service rationale for conservation
    • Ghazoul, J. 2007.Challenges to the uptake of the ecosystem service rationale for conservation. Conservation Biol. 21: 1651-1652.
    • (2007) Conservation Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1651-1652
    • Ghazoul, J.1
  • 188
    • 77951986002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In revision. A new method for valuing crop pollination
    • Winfree, R. & B. Gross. In revision. A new method for valuing crop pollination. Ecol. Econ.
    • Ecol. Econ.
    • Winfree, R.1    Gross, B.2
  • 189
    • 38449110684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveats to quantifying ecosystem services: Fruit abortion blurs benefits from crop pollination
    • Bos, M.M. et al. 2007. Caveats to quantifying ecosystem services: fruit abortion blurs benefits from crop pollination. Ecol. Appl. 17: 1841-1849.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl. , vol.17 , pp. 1841-1849
    • Bos, M.M.1
  • 190
    • 5344280529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: Ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences
    • Ashman, T. et al. 2004. Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences. Ecology 85: 2408-2421.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 2408-2421
    • Ashman, T.1
  • 191
    • 32544457671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquantitative synthesis of pollen supplementation experiments highlights the contribution of resource reallocation to estimates of pollen limitation
    • Knight,T.M., J.A. Steets&T.L.Ashman. 2006.Aquantitative synthesis of pollen supplementation experiments highlights the contribution of resource reallocation to estimates of pollen limitation. Am. J. Bot. 93: 271-277.
    • (2006) Am. J. Bot. , vol.93 , pp. 271-277
    • Knight, T.M.1    Steets, J.A.2    Ashman, T.L.3
  • 192
    • 35148877375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing the complexities of ecosystemmanagement and the ecosystem service concept
    • Ghazoul, J. 2007. Recognizing the complexities of ecosystemmanagement and the ecosystem service concept. Gaia 16: 215-221.
    • (2007) Gaia , vol.16 , pp. 215-221
    • Ghazoul, J.1
  • 193
    • 41149144103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecosystem service controversy: Is there sufficient evidence for a "pollination paradox"?
    • Klein, A.-M., R. Olschewski & C. Kremen. 2008. The ecosystem service controversy: is there sufficient evidence for a "pollination paradox"? Gaia 17: 12-16.
    • (2008) Gaia , vol.17 , pp. 12-16
    • Klein, A.-M.1    Olschewski, R.2    Kremen, C.3
  • 194
    • 4344667461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production
    • Ricketts, T.H. et al. 2004. Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101:12579-12582.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.101 , pp. 12579-12582
    • Ricketts, T.H.1
  • 195
    • 34247211182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking deforestation scenarios to pollination services and economic returns in coffee agrofoestry systems
    • Priess, J.A. et al. 2007. Linking deforestation scenarios to pollination services and economic returns in coffee agrofoestry systems. Ecol. Appl. 17: 407-417.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl. , vol.17 , pp. 407-417
    • Priess, J.A.1
  • 196
    • 33745205344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollinators provide economic incentive to preserve natural land in agroecosystems
    • Morandin, L.A. & M.L. Winston. 2006. Pollinators provide economic incentive to preserve natural land in agroecosystems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 116: 289-292.
    • (2006) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.116 , pp. 289-292
    • Morandin, L.A.1    Winston, M.L.2
  • 197
    • 33745914233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of pollination services comparing coffee landscapes in Ecuador and Indonesia
    • [online] URL:
    • Olschewski, R. et al. 2006. Economic evaluation of pollination services comparing coffee landscapes in Ecuador and Indonesia. Ecol. Soc. 11: 7 [online] URL: http//www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss11/art17.
    • (2006) Ecol. Soc. , vol.11 , pp. 7
    • Olschewski, R.1
  • 198
    • 33751051073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation planning for ecosystem services
    • Chan, K.M.A. et al. 2006. Conservation planning for ecosystem services. PLoS Biol. 4: 2138-2152.
    • (2006) PLoS Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 2138-2152
    • Chan, K.M.A.1
  • 199
    • 84957636591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use choices: Balancing human needs and ecosystem function
    • Defries, R., J.A. Foley & G.P. Asner. 2004. Land-use choices: balancing human needs and ecosystem function. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2: 249-257.
    • (2004) Front. Ecol. Environ. , vol.2 , pp. 249-257
    • Defries, R.1    Foley, J.A.2    Asner, G.P.3
  • 200
    • 0035853540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change
    • Tilman, D. et al. 2001. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science 292: 281-284.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 281-284
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 201
    • 37849188311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical resource levels of pollen for the declining bee Andrena hattorfiana (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)
    • Larsson, M. & M. Franzen. 2007. Critical resource levels of pollen for the declining bee Andrena hattorfiana (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Biol. Conservation 134:405-414.
    • (2007) Biol. Conservation , vol.134 , pp. 405-414
    • Larsson, M.1    Franzen, M.2
  • 202
    • 0028181298 scopus 로고
    • Behavior and phenology of a specialist bee (Dieunomia) and sunflower (Helianthus) pollen availability
    • Minckley, R.L. et al. 1994. Behavior and phenology of a specialist bee (Dieunomia) and sunflower (Helianthus) pollen availability. Ecology 75: 1406-1419.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1406-1419
    • Minckley, R.L.1
  • 203
    • 0342611487 scopus 로고
    • Resources availability and timing of reproduction in bumble bee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Bowers, M. 1986. Resources availability and timing of reproduction in bumble bee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Environ. Entomol. 15: 750-755.
    • (1986) Environ. Entomol. , vol.15 , pp. 750-755
    • Bowers, M.1
  • 204
    • 0028177156 scopus 로고
    • Trapnesting bees and wasps colonizing set-aside fields: Succession and body size, management by cutting and sowing
    • Gathmann, A.,H.J.Greiler&T. Tscharntke. 1994. Trapnesting bees and wasps colonizing set-aside fields: succession and body size, management by cutting and sowing. Oecologia 98: 8-14.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 8-14
    • Gathmann, A.1    Greiler, H.J.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 205
    • 0022848151 scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio, parental nvestment, and interparent variability in nesting success in a solitary bee
    • Frohlich, D.R. & V.J. Tepedino. 1986. Sex ratio, parental nvestment, and interparent variability in nesting success in a solitary bee. Evolution 40: 142-151.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 142-151
    • Frohlich, D.R.1    Tepedino, V.J.2
  • 206
    • 46749141310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do resources or natural enemies drive bee population dynamics in fragmented habitats?
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I. & S. Schiele. 2008. Do resources or natural enemies drive bee population dynamics in fragmented habitats? Ecology 89: 1375-1387.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1375-1387
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1    Schiele, S.2
  • 207
    • 0032409055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioindication using trap-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies: Community structure and interactions
    • Tscharntke, T., A. Gathmann & I. Steffan-Dewenter. 1998. Bioindication using trap-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies: community structure and interactions. J. Appl. Ecol. 35: 708-719.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.35 , pp. 708-719
    • Tscharntke, T.1    Gathmann, A.2    Steffan-Dewenter, I.3
  • 208
    • 0004591438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of predation risk on pollinators and plants
    • L. Chittka & J. Thomson, Eds.: Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK
    • Dukas, R. 2001. Effects of predation risk on pollinators and plants. In Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution. L. Chittka & J. Thomson, Eds.: 214-236. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
    • (2001) Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution , pp. 214-236
    • Dukas, R.1
  • 209
    • 1842856084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of foraging bumblebees to successional change in newly created arable field margins
    • Carvell, C. et al. 2004. The response of foraging bumblebees to successional change in newly created arable field margins. Biol. Conservation 118: 327-339.
    • (2004) Biol. Conservation , vol.118 , pp. 327-339
    • Carvell, C.1
  • 210
    • 31444449352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of new agri-environment schemes in providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes
    • Pywell, R.F., E.A. Warman, L. Hulmes, et al. 2006. Effectiveness of new agri-environment schemes in providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes. Biol. Conservation 129: 192-206.
    • (2006) Biol. Conservation , vol.129 , pp. 192-206
    • Pywell, R.F.1    Warman, E.A.2    Hulmes, L.3
  • 211
    • 61449231777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing pollinator biodiversity in intensive grasslands
    • Potts, S.G. et al. 2009. Enhancing pollinator biodiversity in intensive grasslands. J. Appl. Ecol. 46: 369-379.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.46 , pp. 369-379
    • Potts, S.G.1
  • 212
    • 33846012180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the efficacy of agrienvironment schemes to enhance bumble bee abundance and diversity on arable field margins
    • Carvell, C. et al. 2007. Comparing the efficacy of agrienvironment schemes to enhance bumble bee abundance and diversity on arable field margins. J. Appl. Ecol. 44: 29-40.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 29-40
    • Carvell, C.1
  • 213
    • 4444299936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes
    • Pywell, R.F. et al. 2005. Providing foraging resources for bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes. Biol.
    • (2005) Biol.
    • Pywell, R.F.1
  • 214
    • 18444409892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farming for bees: Guidelines for providing native bee habitat on farms
    • Portland, OR
    • Vaughan, M. et al. 2004. Farming for bees: guidelines for providing native bee habitat on farms. The Xerces Society. Portland, OR.
    • (2004) The Xerces Society
    • Vaughan, M.1
  • 215
    • 46849113022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visitation by wild and managed bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) to eastern U.S. native plants for use in conservation programs
    • Tuell, J. K. et al. 2008. Visitation by wild and managed bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) to eastern U.S. native plants for use in conservation programs. Environ. Entomol. 37: 707-718.
    • (2008) Environ. Entomol. , vol.37 , pp. 707-718
    • Tuell, J.K.1
  • 217
    • 0003065196 scopus 로고
    • The comparison of usage and availabilitymeasurements for evaluating resource preference
    • Johnson, D.H. 1980. The comparison of usage and availabilitymeasurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology 61: 65-71.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 65-71
    • Johnson, D.H.1
  • 218
    • 0035703419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of uncropped field margins for foraging bumblebees
    • Kells, A.R., J.M.Holland&D.Goulson. 2001. The value of uncropped field margins for foraging bumblebees. J. Insect Conservation 5: 283-291.
    • (2001) J. Insect Conservation , vol.5 , pp. 283-291
    • Kells, A.R.1    Holland, J.M.2    Goulson, D.3
  • 219
    • 0037289860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred nesting sites of bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera :Apidae) in agroecosystems in the UK
    • Kells, A.R. & D. Goulson. 2003. Preferred nesting sites of bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera :Apidae) in agroecosystems in the UK. Biol. Conservation 109: 165-174.
    • (2003) Biol. Conservation , vol.109 , pp. 165-174
    • Kells, A.R.1    Goulson, D.2
  • 220
    • 0033987622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat preferences of nest-seeking bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an agricultural landscape
    • Svensson, B., J. Lagerlof & B.G. Svensson. 2000. Habitat preferences of nest-seeking bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an agricultural landscape.Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 77: 247-255.
    • (2000) Agric. Ecosystems Environ. , vol.77 , pp. 247-255
    • Svensson, B.1    Lagerlof, J.2    Svensson, B.G.3
  • 224
    • 33845955788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildlife and fish conservation through the Farm Bill
    • Gray, R.L. & B.M. Teels. 2006. Wildlife and fish conservation through the Farm Bill. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34: 906-913.
    • (2006) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 906-913
    • Gray, R.L.1    Teels, B.M.2
  • 225
    • 33845928551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating wildlife habitat through federal farm programs: An objective-driven approach
    • Burger, L.W. 2006. Creating wildlife habitat through federal farm programs: an objective-driven approach. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34: 994-999.
    • (2006) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 994-999
    • Burger, L.W.1
  • 226
    • 33845948805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterflies and continuous conservation reserve program filter strips: Landscape considerations
    • Davros, N.M. et al. 2006. Butterflies and continuous conservation reserve program filter strips: landscape considerations. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34: 936-943.
    • (2006) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 936-943
    • Davros, N.M.1
  • 227
    • 33644541810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How green was my subsidy?
    • Whitfield, J. 2006. How green was my subsidy? Nature 439: 908-909.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 908-909
    • Whitfield, J.1
  • 228
    • 0035909258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agri-environment schemes do not effectively protect biodiversity in Dutch agricultural landscapes
    • Kleijn, D. et al. 2001. Agri-environment schemes do not effectively protect biodiversity inDutch agricultural landscapes. Nature 413: 723-725.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 723-725
    • Kleijn, D.1
  • 229
    • 0347536278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity?
    • Kleijn, D. & W.J. Sutherland. 2003. How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? J. Appl. Ecol. 40: 947-969.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.40 , pp. 947-969
    • Kleijn, D.1    Sutherland, W.J.2
  • 230
    • 38349092858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on: Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries
    • Potts, S.G. et al. 2006. Commentary on: mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries. Ecol. Lett. 9: 254-256.
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 254-256
    • Potts, S.G.1
  • 231
    • 0036937837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colony growth of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, in improved and conventional agricultural and suburban habitats
    • Goulson, D. et al. 2002. Colony growth of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, in improved and conventional agricultural and suburban habitats. Oecologia 130:267-273.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.130 , pp. 267-273
    • Goulson, D.1
  • 232
    • 33645102518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the Swiss agrienvironment scheme in promoting biodiversity
    • Knop, E. et al. 2006. Effectiveness of the Swiss agrienvironment scheme in promoting biodiversity. J.Appl. Ecol. 43: 120-127.
    • (2006) J.Appl. Ecol. , vol.43 , pp. 120-127
    • Knop, E.1
  • 233
    • 34347383160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Swiss agri-environment scheme enhances pollinator diversity and plant reproductive success in nearby intensively managed farmland
    • Albrecht, M. et al. 2007. The Swiss agri-environment scheme enhances pollinator diversity and plant reproductive success in nearby intensively managed farmland. J. Appl. Ecol. 44: 813-822.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 813-822
    • Albrecht, M.1
  • 234
    • 32144433333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of an agri-environment field margin prescription on the flora and fauna of arable farmland in different landscapes
    • Marshall, E.J.P., T.M.West&D. Kleijn. 2006. Impacts of an agri-environment field margin prescription on the flora and fauna of arable farmland in different landscapes. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 113: 36-44.
    • (2006) Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , vol.113 , pp. 36-44
    • Marshall, E.J.P.1    West, T.M.2    Kleijn, D.3
  • 235
    • 34347383761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha and beta diversity of arthropods and plants in organically and conventionally managed wheat fields
    • Clough, Y. et al. 2007. Alpha and beta diversity of arthropods and plants in organically and conventionally managed wheat fields. J. Appl. Ecol. 44: 804-812.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 804-812
    • Clough, Y.1
  • 236
    • 18444408429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: A meta-analysis
    • Bengtsson, J., J. Ahnstrom & A-C Weibull. 2005. The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance:a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 42: 261-269.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 261-269
    • Bengtsson, J.1    Ahnstrom, J.2    Weibull, A.-C.3
  • 237
    • 29144496595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa
    • Fuller, R.J. et al. 2005. Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa. Biol. Lett. 1: 431-434.
    • (2005) Biol. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 431-434
    • Fuller, R.J.1
  • 238
    • 34347380742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: A wholefarm approach
    • Gibson, R.H. et al. 2007. Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a wholefarm approach. J. Appl. Ecol. 44: 792-803.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 792-803
    • Gibson, R.H.1
  • 239
    • 4644255313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does organic farming benefit biodiversity?
    • Hole, D.G. et al. 2005. Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol. Conservation 122: 113-130.
    • (2005) Biol. Conservation , vol.122 , pp. 113-130
    • Hole, D.G.1
  • 240
    • 33846028517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: effects of farming system, landscape composition and regional context
    • Holzschuh, A. et al. 2007. Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: effects of farming system, landscape composition and regional context. J. Appl. Ecol. 44: 41-49.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 41-49
    • Holzschuh, A.1
  • 241
    • 39849088136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural landscapes with organic crops support higher pollinator diversity
    • Holzschuh, A., I. Steffan-Dewenter & T. Tscharntke. 2008. Agricultural landscapes with organic crops support higher pollinator diversity. Oikos 117: 354-361.
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 354-361
    • Holzschuh, A.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 242
    • 20444391020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild bee abundance and seed production in conventional, organic, and genetically modified canola
    • Morandin, L.A. & M.L.Winston. 2005.Wild bee abundance and seed production in conventional, organic, and genetically modified canola. Ecol. Appl. 15: 871-881.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 871-881
    • Morandin, L.A.1    Winston, M.L.2
  • 243
    • 7044223166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The area requiements of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California
    • Kremen, C. et al. 2004. The area requiements of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California. Ecol. Lett. 7: 1109-1119.
    • (2004) Ecol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 1109-1119
    • Kremen, C.1
  • 244
    • 0037572213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species richness in agroecosystems: The effect of landscape, habitat and farm management
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1023617117780
    • Weibull, A.C.,O. Ostman&A.Granqvist. 2003. Species richness in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat and farm management. Biodiversity Conservation 12: 1335-1355. (Pubitemid 36610705)
    • (2003) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 1335-1355
    • Weibull, A.-C.1    Ostman, O.2    Granqvist, A.3
  • 245
    • 0034492875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: The role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity
    • Weibull, A.-C., J. Bengtsson & E. Nohlgren. 2000. Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: the role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity. Ecography 23: 743-750.
    • (2000) Ecography , vol.23 , pp. 743-750
    • Weibull, A.-C.1    Bengtsson, J.2    Nohlgren, E.3
  • 246
    • 0037377128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farmland biodiversity: Is habitat heterogeneity the key?
    • Benton, T.G., J.A. Vickery & J.D. Wilson. 2003. Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends Ecol. Evol. 18: 182-188.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 182-188
    • Benton, T.G.1    Vickery, J.A.2    Wilson, J.D.3
  • 247
    • 22544487542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - Ecosystem service management
    • Tscharntke, T. et al. 2005. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8: 857-874.
    • (2005) Ecol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 857-874
    • Tscharntke, T.1
  • 248
    • 38449119410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape context not patch size determines bumble-bee density on flower mixtures sown for agri-environment schemes
    • Heard, M.S. et al. 2007. Landscape context not patch size determines bumble-bee density on flower mixtures sown for agri-environment schemes. Biol. Lett. 3: 638-641.
    • (2007) Biol. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 638-641
    • Heard, M.S.1
  • 249
    • 33750533795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of organic farming on butterfly diversity depends on landscape context
    • Rundlöf, M. & H.G. Smith. 2006. The effect of organic farming on butterfly diversity depends on landscape context. J. Appl. Ecol. 43: 1121-1127.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.43 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Rundlöf, M.1    Smith, H.G.2
  • 250
    • 22544452895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of landscape complexity on arable weed species diversity in organic and conventional farming
    • Roschewitz, I. et al. 2005. The effects of landscape complexity on arable weed species diversity in organic and conventional farming. J. Appl. Ecol. 42: 873-882.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 873-882
    • Roschewitz, I.1
  • 251
    • 12844280433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farming and the fate of wild nature
    • Green, R.E. et al. 2005. Farming and the fate of wild nature. Science 307: 550-555.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 550-555
    • Green, R.E.1
  • 252
    • 33847003977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The agricultural matrix and a future paradigm for conservation
    • Vandermeer, J. & I. Perfecto. 2007. The agricultural matrix and a future paradigm for conservation. Conservation Biol. 21: 274-277.
    • (2007) Conservation Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 274-277
    • Vandermeer, J.1    Perfecto, I.2
  • 253
    • 0030840596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties
    • Matson, P.A. et al. 1997. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277: 504-509.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 504-509
    • Matson, P.A.1
  • 254
    • 34547454887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic agriculture and the global food supply
    • Badgley, C. et al. 2007. Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renew. Agric. Food Syst . 22: 86-108.
    • (2007) Renew. Agric. Food Syst. , vol.22 , pp. 86-108
    • Badgley, C.1
  • 255
    • 32544441478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sparing land for nature: Exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production
    • Balmford, A., R.E. Green & J.P.W. Scharlemann. 2005. Sparing land for nature: exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production. Global Change Biol. 11: 1594-1605.
    • (2005) Global Change Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 1594-1605
    • Balmford, A.1    Green, R.E.2    Scharlemann, J.P.W.3
  • 256
    • 0035819283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations
    • Donald, P.F., R.E. Green & M.F. Heath. 2001. Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 268: 25-29.
    • (2001) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. , vol.268 , pp. 25-29
    • Donald, P.F.1    Green, R.E.2    Heath, M.F.3
  • 257
    • 24344438714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity, yield, and shade coffee certification
    • Perfecto, I. et al. 2005. Biodiversity, yield, and shade coffee certification. Ecol. Econ. 54: 435-446.
    • (2005) Ecol. Econ. , vol.54 , pp. 435-446
    • Perfecto, I.1
  • 258
    • 73949115759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural intensification and changes incultivated areas, 1970-2005
    • Rudel, T.K. et al. 2009. Agricultural intensification and changes incultivated areas, 1970-2005.Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci. 106: 20675-20680.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 20675-20680
    • Rudel, T.K.1
  • 259
    • 45449097902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity conservation in tropical agroecosystems: A new conservation paradigm
    • Perfecto, I. & J. Vandermeer. 2008. Biodiversity conservation in tropical agroecosystems: a new conservation paradigm. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1134: 173-200.
    • (2008) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.1134 , pp. 173-200
    • Perfecto, I.1    Vandermeer, J.2
  • 260
    • 7044243013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying community structure analysis to ecosystem function: Examples from pollination and carbon storage
    • Balvanera, P., C. Kremen & M.Martinez-Ramos. 2005. Applying community structure analysis to ecosystem function: examples from pollination and carbon storage. Ecol. Appl. 15: 360-375.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 360-375
    • Balvanera, P.1    Kremen, C.2    Martinez-Ramos, M.3
  • 261
    • 42949142489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At what spatial scale do highquality habitats enhance the diversity of forbs and pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes?
    • Kohler, F. et al. 2008. At what spatial scale do highquality habitats enhance the diversity of forbs and pollinators in intensively farmed landscapes?. J. Appl. Ecol. 45: 753-762.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.45 , pp. 753-762
    • Kohler, F.1
  • 262
    • 42949141234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The restoration of ecological interactions: Plant-pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands
    • Forup, M.L. et al. 2008. The restoration of ecological interactions: plant-pollinator networks on ancient and restored heathlands. J. Appl. Ecol. 45: 742-752.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.45 , pp. 742-752
    • Forup, M.L.1
  • 263
    • 77952003205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In review. Restoration of non-target species: Pollinators and pollination function in riparian forests
    • Williams, N.M. In review. Restoration of non-target species: Pollinators and pollination function in riparian forests. Restor. Ecol.
    • Restor. Ecol
    • Williams, N.M.1
  • 264
    • 0000828786 scopus 로고
    • The ethol ethology of Andrena erythronii with comparative data on other species (Hymenoptera, andrenidae)
    • Michener, C.D. & C.W. Rettenmeyer. 1956. The ethol ethology of Andrena erythronii with comparative data on other species (Hymenoptera, andrenidae). Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 37: 645-684.
    • (1956) Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. , vol.37 , pp. 645-684
    • Michener, C.D.1    Rettenmeyer, C.W.2
  • 265
    • 0039073947 scopus 로고
    • Osmia ribifloris, a native bee species developed as a commercially managed pollinator of highbush blueberry (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
    • Torchio, P.F. 1990. Osmia ribifloris, a native bee species developed as a commercially managed pollinator of highbush blueberry (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 63: 427-436.
    • (1990) J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. , vol.63 , pp. 427-436
    • Torchio, P.F.1
  • 266
    • 58249097189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early colony growth but not sexual reproduction of bumblebees
    • Westphal, C., I. Steffan-Dewenter & T. Tscharntke. 2009.Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early colony growth but not sexual reproduction of bumblebees. J. Appl. Ecol. 46: 187-193.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.46 , pp. 187-193
    • Westphal, C.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.