메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 276, Issue 1670, 2009, Pages 3037-3045

The sixth mass coextinction: Are most endangered species parasites and mutualists?

Author keywords

Chains of extinction; Climate change; Coextinction; Emerging diseases; Mass extinction; Secondary extinctions

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; ENDANGERED SPECIES; MASS EXTINCTION; MUTUALISM; PARASITE; POPULATION DECLINE; TROPHIC LEVEL;

EID: 68849094696     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0413     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (394)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 33846979493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01214.x
    • Altizer, S., Nunn, C. L. & Lindenfors, P. 2007 Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates. J. Anim. Ecol. 76, 304-314. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01214.x)
    • (2007) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.76 , pp. 304-314
    • Altizer, S.1    Nunn, C.L.2    Lindenfors, P.3
  • 2
    • 37749000332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-animal mutualistic networks: The architecture of biodiversity
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818
    • Bascompte, J. & Jordano, P. 2007 Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 38, 567-593. (doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818)
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst , vol.38 , pp. 567-593
    • Bascompte, J.1    Jordano, P.2
  • 3
    • 0028573179 scopus 로고
    • Do mutualisms matter: Assessing the impact of pollinator and disperser disruption on plant extinction
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.1994.0055
    • Bond, W. J. 1994 Do mutualisms matter: assessing the impact of pollinator and disperser disruption on plant extinction. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 344, 83-90. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1994.0055)
    • (1994) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.344 , pp. 83-90
    • Bond, W.J.1
  • 4
    • 0141891348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metagenomic analyses of an uncultured viral community from human feces
    • doi:10.1128/JB.185.20.6220-6223.2003
    • Breitbart, M., Hewson, I., Felts, B., Mahaffy, J. M., Nulton, J., Salamon, P. & Rohwer, F. 2003 Metagenomic analyses of an uncultured viral community from human feces. J. Bacteriol. 185, 6220-6223. (doi:10.1128/JB.185.20.6220-6223.2003)
    • (2003) J. Bacteriol , vol.185 , pp. 6220-6223
    • Breitbart, M.1    Hewson, I.2    Felts, B.3    Mahaffy, J.M.4    Nulton, J.5    Salamon, P.6    Rohwer, F.7
  • 5
    • 0043267996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore
    • doi:10.1038/nature01795
    • Brook, B. W., Sodhi, N. S. & Ng, P. K. L. 2003 Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature 424, 420-423. (doi:10.1038/nature01795)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 420-423
    • Brook, B.W.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Ng, P.K.L.3
  • 6
    • 47049128876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011
    • Brook, B. W., Sodhi, N. S. & Bradshaw, C. J. A. 2008 Synergies among extinction drivers under global change. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23, 453-460. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011)
    • (2008) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.23 , pp. 453-460
    • Brook, B.W.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Bradshaw, C.J.A.3
  • 7
    • 0036881645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributional change and conservation on the Andean flank: A palaeoecological perspective
    • doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00305.x
    • Bush, M. B. 2002 Distributional change and conservation on the Andean flank: a palaeoecological perspective. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 11, 463-473. (doi:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00305.x)
    • (2002) Global Ecol. Biogeogr , vol.11 , pp. 463-473
    • Bush, M.B.1
  • 8
    • 34547456155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical biota responses to climate change
    • eds T. E. Lovejoy & L. Hannah, pp, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Bush, M. B. & Hooghiemstra, H. 2005 Tropical biota responses to climate change. In Climate change and biodiversity (eds T. E. Lovejoy & L. Hannah), pp. 125-137. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2005) Climate change and biodiversity , pp. 125-137
    • Bush, M.B.1    Hooghiemstra, H.2
  • 9
    • 43249104270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictability of extinction: Biological and external correlates of decline in mammals
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0179
    • Cardillo, M., Mace, G. M., Gittleman, J. L., Jones, K. E., Bielby, J. & Purvis, A. 2008 The predictability of extinction: biological and external correlates of decline in mammals. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 1441-1448. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0179)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 1441-1448
    • Cardillo, M.1    Mace, G.M.2    Gittleman, J.L.3    Jones, K.E.4    Bielby, J.5    Purvis, A.6
  • 11
    • 0033389249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy of NewWorld Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Columbiformes (Aves), with descriptions of five new species
    • Clayton, D. H. & Price, R. D. 1999 Taxonomy of NewWorld Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Columbiformes (Aves), with descriptions of five new species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 92, 675-685.
    • (1999) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am , vol.92 , pp. 675-685
    • Clayton, D.H.1    Price, R.D.2
  • 12
    • 53749094032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics
    • doi:10.1126/science.1162547
    • Colwell, R. K., Brehm, G., Cardelus, C. L., Gilman, A. C. & Longino, J. T. 2008 Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics. Science 322, 258-261. (doi:10.1126/science.1162547)
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 258-261
    • Colwell, R.K.1    Brehm, G.2    Cardelus, C.L.3    Gilman, A.C.4    Longino, J.T.5
  • 14
    • 0035957694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change
    • doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.673
    • Davis, M. B. & Shaw, R. G. 2001 Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science 292, 673-679. (doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.673)
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 673-679
    • Davis, M.B.1    Shaw, R.G.2
  • 15
    • 12944258604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of diseaseinduced extinction
    • doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004. 00693.x
    • de Castro, F. & Bolker, B. 2005 Mechanisms of diseaseinduced extinction. Ecol. Lett. 8, 117-126. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004. 00693.x)
    • (2005) Ecol. Lett , vol.8 , pp. 117-126
    • de Castro, F.1    Bolker, B.2
  • 16
    • 85020778187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diamond, J. M. 1989 Overview of recent extinctions. In conservation for the twenty-first century (eds D. Western & M.Pearl), pp. 37-41.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
    • Diamond, J. M. 1989 Overview of recent extinctions. In conservation for the twenty-first century (eds D. Western & M.Pearl), pp. 37-41.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.
  • 17
    • 0024774048 scopus 로고
    • Present, past and future of human-caused extinctions [and discussion]
    • Diamond, J. M., Ashmole, N. P. & Purves, P. E. 1989 Present, past and future of human-caused extinctions [and discussion]. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 325, 469-477.
    • (1989) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.325 , pp. 469-477
    • Diamond, J.M.1    Ashmole, N.P.2    Purves, P.E.3
  • 19
    • 68849109317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On parasites lost-and found: Passenger pigeon lice rediscovered
    • Dunn, R. R. 2002 On parasites lost-and found: passenger pigeon lice rediscovered. Wild Earth 12, 28-31.
    • (2002) Wild Earth , vol.12 , pp. 28-31
    • Dunn, R.R.1
  • 20
    • 27944449967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority
    • Dunn, R. R. 2005 Modern insect extinctions, the neglected majority. Conserv. Biol. 19, 1030-1036.
    • (2005) Conserv. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Dunn, R.R.1
  • 21
    • 85020825953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dunn, R. R. In press Coextinction: anecdotes, models, and speculation. In Holocene extinctions (ed. S. Turvey). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • Dunn, R. R. In press Coextinction: anecdotes, models, and speculation. In Holocene extinctions (ed. S. Turvey). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • 22
    • 33745852766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate warming and habitat loss on extinctions at species' low-latitude range boundaries
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006. 01180.x
    • Franco, A. M. A., Hill, J. K., Kitschke, C., Collingham, Y. C., Roy, D. B., Fox, R., Huntley, B. & Thomas, C. D. 2006 Impacts of climate warming and habitat loss on extinctions at species' low-latitude range boundaries. Global Change Biol. 12, 1545-1553. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006. 01180.x)
    • (2006) Global Change Biol , vol.12 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Franco, A.M.A.1    Hill, J.K.2    Kitschke, C.3    Collingham, Y.C.4    Roy, D.B.5    Fox, R.6    Huntley, B.7    Thomas, C.D.8
  • 23
    • 53249127738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and vectorborne diseases
    • doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.030
    • Gage, K. L., Burkot, T. R., Eisen, R. J. & Hayes, E. B. 2008 Climate and vectorborne diseases. Am. J. Prevent. Med. 35, 436-450. (doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.030)
    • (2008) Am. J. Prevent. Med , vol.35 , pp. 436-450
    • Gage, K.L.1    Burkot, T.R.2    Eisen, R.J.3    Hayes, E.B.4
  • 24
    • 53149126079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease in endangered metapopulations: The importance of alternative hosts
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1667
    • Gog, J., Woodroffe, R. & Swinton, J. 2002 Disease in endangered metapopulations: the importance of alternative hosts. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 671-676. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1667)
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.269 , pp. 671-676
    • Gog, J.1    Woodroffe, R.2    Swinton, J.3
  • 25
    • 0000162004 scopus 로고
    • The persistence of ant-following birds in small Amazonian forest fragments
    • Harper, L. H. 1989 The persistence of ant-following birds in small Amazonian forest fragments. Acta Amazon. 19, 249-264.
    • (1989) Acta Amazon , vol.19 , pp. 249-264
    • Harper, L.H.1
  • 26
    • 85020769291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation International, Arizona State University, Texas A&M Unviersity, University of Rome, University of Virginia, Zoological Society of London
    • IUCN 2008 An analysis of mammals on the 2008 IUCN Red List. Conservation International, Arizona State University, Texas A&M Unviersity, University of Rome, University of Virginia, Zoological Society of London.
    • IUCN 2008 An analysis of mammals on the 2008 IUCN Red List
  • 27
    • 0025526144 scopus 로고
    • Host specialization in phytophagous insects
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001331
    • Jaenike, J. 1990 Host specialization in phytophagous insects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 243-273. (doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001331)
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , pp. 243-273
    • Jaenike, J.1
  • 29
    • 0028993816 scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs and the evolution of host specialization
    • doi:10.1007/BF01237699
    • Joshi, A. & Thompson, J. N. 1995 Trade-offs and the evolution of host specialization. Evol. Ecol. 9, 82-92. (doi:10.1007/BF01237699)
    • (1995) Evol. Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 82-92
    • Joshi, A.1    Thompson, J.N.2
  • 30
    • 4644278888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis
    • doi:10.1126/science.1101101
    • Koh, L. P., Dunn, R. R., Sodhi, N. S., Colwell, R. K., Proctor, H. C. & Smith, V. S. 2004 Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science 305, 1632-1634. (doi:10.1126/science.1101101)
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1632-1634
    • Koh, L.P.1    Dunn, R.R.2    Sodhi, N.S.3    Colwell, R.K.4    Proctor, H.C.5    Smith, V.S.6
  • 31
    • 0037133350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the terminal Cretaceous event on plant-insect associations
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.042492999
    • Labandeira, C. C., Johnson, K. R. & Wilf, P. 2002 Impact of the terminal Cretaceous event on plant-insect associations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2061-2066. (doi:10.1073/pnas.042492999)
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 2061-2066
    • Labandeira, C.C.1    Johnson, K.R.2    Wilf, P.3
  • 32
    • 33846456216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have we overstated the tropical biodiversity crisis?
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.014
    • Laurance, W. F. 2007 Have we overstated the tropical biodiversity crisis? Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 65-70. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.014)
    • (2007) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.22 , pp. 65-70
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 33
    • 45849097600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codivergence in heteromyid rodents (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) and their sucking lice of the genus Fahrenholzia (Phthiraptera: Anoplura)
    • doi:10.1080/10635150802169610
    • Light, J. E. & Hafner,M. S. 2008 Codivergence in heteromyid rodents (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) and their sucking lice of the genus Fahrenholzia (Phthiraptera: Anoplura). Syst. Biol. 57, 449-465. (doi:10.1080/10635150802169610)
    • (2008) Syst. Biol , vol.57 , pp. 449-465
    • Light, J.E.1    Hafner, M.S.2
  • 34
    • 34250367917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite species richness in carnivores: Effects of host body mass, latitude, geographical range and population density
    • doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006. 00301.x
    • Lindenfors, P., Nunn, C. L., Jones, K. E., Cunningham, A. A., Sechrest, W. & Gittleman, J. L. 2007 Parasite species richness in carnivores: effects of host body mass, latitude, geographical range and population density. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 16, 496-509. (doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006. 00301.x)
    • (2007) Global Ecol. Biogeogr , vol.16 , pp. 496-509
    • Lindenfors, P.1    Nunn, C.L.2    Jones, K.E.3    Cunningham, A.A.4    Sechrest, W.5    Gittleman, J.L.6
  • 35
    • 85020835248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marris, E. 2007 The Escalator Effect. Nature Reports Climate Change. (doi:10.1038/climate.2007.70)
    • Marris, E. 2007 The Escalator Effect. Nature Reports Climate Change. (doi:10.1038/climate.2007.70)
  • 36
    • 68849098954 scopus 로고
    • The limitations of evolution theory
    • eds R. Duncan & M.Weston-Smith, pp, London,UK: Pergamon
    • Maynard Smith, J. 1977 The limitations of evolution theory. In The encyclopaedia of ignorance (eds R. Duncan & M.Weston-Smith), pp. 235-242. London,UK: Pergamon.
    • (1977) The encyclopaedia of ignorance , pp. 235-242
    • Maynard Smith, J.1
  • 37
    • 34848886663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectoparasites of the endangered Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus and sympatric wild and domestic carnivores in Spain
    • Millan, J., Ruiz-Fons, F., Marquez, F. J., Viota, M., Lopez-Bao, J. V. & Mateo, M. P. M. 2007 Ectoparasites of the endangered Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus and sympatric wild and domestic carnivores in Spain. Med. Vet. Entomol. 21, 248-254.
    • (2007) Med. Vet. Entomol , vol.21 , pp. 248-254
    • Millan, J.1    Ruiz-Fons, F.2    Marquez, F.J.3    Viota, M.4    Lopez-Bao, J.V.5    Mateo, M.P.M.6
  • 38
    • 53749098539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA
    • doi:10.1126/science.1163428
    • Moritz, C., Patton, J. L., Conroy, C. J., Parra, J. L., White, G. C. & Beissinger, S. R. 2008 Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in Yosemite National Park, USA. Science 322, 261-264. (doi:10.1126/science.1163428)
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 261-264
    • Moritz, C.1    Patton, J.L.2    Conroy, C.J.3    Parra, J.L.4    White, G.C.5    Beissinger, S.R.6
  • 39
    • 33845572522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservatism of host specificity in parasites
    • doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04507.x
    • Mouillot, D., Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Gaston, K. J. & Poulin, R. 2006 Conservatism of host specificity in parasites. Ecography 29, 596-602. (doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04507.x)
    • (2006) Ecography , vol.29 , pp. 596-602
    • Mouillot, D.1    Krasnov, B.R.2    Shenbrot, G.I.3    Gaston, K.J.4    Poulin, R.5
  • 41
    • 33748994063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100
    • Parmesan, C. 2006 Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 37, 637-669. (doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100)
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst , vol.37 , pp. 637-669
    • Parmesan, C.1
  • 42
    • 0037413628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
    • doi:10.1038/nature01286
    • Parmesan, C. & Yohe, G. 2003 A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421, 37-42. (doi:10.1038/nature01286)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 37-42
    • Parmesan, C.1    Yohe, G.2
  • 43
    • 18044384404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of host specificity and transmission among parasites of wild primates
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijpara. 2005.01.005
    • Pedersen, A. B., Altizer, S., Poss, M., Cunningham, A. A. & Nunn, C. L. 2005 Patterns of host specificity and transmission among parasites of wild primates. Int. J. Parasitol. 35, 647-657. (doi:10.1016/j.ijpara. 2005.01.005)
    • (2005) Int. J. Parasitol , vol.35 , pp. 647-657
    • Pedersen, A.B.1    Altizer, S.2    Poss, M.3    Cunningham, A.A.4    Nunn, C.L.5
  • 44
    • 42549083013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophically unique species are vulnerable to cascading extinction
    • Petchey, O. L., Eklof, A., Borrvall, C. & Ebenman, B. 2008 Trophically unique species are vulnerable to cascading extinction. Am. Nat. 171, 568-579.
    • (2008) Am. Nat , vol.171 , pp. 568-579
    • Petchey, O.L.1    Eklof, A.2    Borrvall, C.3    Ebenman, B.4
  • 45
    • 0033588039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time
    • doi:10.1126/science.285.5431.1265
    • Peterson, A. T., Soberon, J. & Sanchez-Cordero, V. 1999 Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time. Science 285, 1265-1267. (doi:10.1126/science.285.5431.1265)
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1265-1267
    • Peterson, A.T.1    Soberon, J.2    Sanchez-Cordero, V.3
  • 46
    • 0034707897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity: Extinction by numbers
    • doi:10.1038/35002708
    • Pimm, S. L. & Raven, P. 2000 Biodiversity: extinction by numbers. Nature 403, 843-845. (doi:10.1038/35002708)
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 843-845
    • Pimm, S.L.1    Raven, P.2
  • 47
    • 37549034651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host specificity under molecular and experimental scrutiny
    • doi:10.1016/j.pt.2007.10.002
    • Poulin, R. & Keeney, D. B. 2008 Host specificity under molecular and experimental scrutiny. Trends Parasitol. 24, 24-28. (doi:10.1016/j.pt.2007.10.002)
    • (2008) Trends Parasitol , vol.24 , pp. 24-28
    • Poulin, R.1    Keeney, D.B.2
  • 48
    • 0033823723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of parasites
    • Poulin, R. & Morand, S. 2000 The diversity of parasites. Q. Rev. Biol. 75, 277-293.
    • (2000) Q. Rev. Biol , vol.75 , pp. 277-293
    • Poulin, R.1    Morand, S.2
  • 49
    • 32144456024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of host specificity in fleas: Is it directional and irreversible?
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.09.017
    • Poulin, R., Krasnov, B. R., Shenbrot, G. I., Mouillot, D. & Khokhlova, I. S. 2006 Evolution of host specificity in fleas: is it directional and irreversible? Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 185-191. (doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.09.017)
    • (2006) Int. J. Parasitol , vol.36 , pp. 185-191
    • Poulin, R.1    Krasnov, B.R.2    Shenbrot, G.I.3    Mouillot, D.4    Khokhlova, I.S.5
  • 50
    • 33745310056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revision of the chewing louse genus Formicaphagus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Neotropical antbirds and gnateaters (Aves: Passeriformes)
    • Price, R. D. & Clayton, D. H. 1996 Revision of the chewing louse genus Formicaphagus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Neotropical antbirds and gnateaters (Aves: Passeriformes). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 69, 346-356.
    • (1996) J. Kansas Entomol. Soc , vol.69 , pp. 346-356
    • Price, R.D.1    Clayton, D.H.2
  • 51
    • 0033784458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price, R. D., Clayton, D. H. & Adams, R. J. 2000 Pigeon lice down under: taxonomy of Australian Campanulotes (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), with a description of C. durdeni n. sp. J. Parasitol. 86, 948-950. (doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0948:PLDUTO]2.0.CO;2)
    • Price, R. D., Clayton, D. H. & Adams, R. J. 2000 Pigeon lice down under: taxonomy of Australian Campanulotes (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), with a description of C. durdeni n. sp. J. Parasitol. 86, 948-950. (doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0948:PLDUTO]2.0.CO;2)
  • 52
    • 33750977843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Asian babblers (Passeriformes: Timaliidae)
    • doi:10.2317/0602.14.1
    • Price, R. D., Arnold, D. C. & Bush, S. E. 2006 Five new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Asian babblers (Passeriformes: Timaliidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 79, 369-377. (doi:10.2317/0602.14.1)
    • (2006) J. Kansas Entomol. Soc , vol.79 , pp. 369-377
    • Price, R.D.1    Arnold, D.C.2    Bush, S.E.3
  • 53
    • 0034646860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-random extinction and the loss of evolutionary history
    • doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.328
    • Purvis, A., Agapow, P. M., Gittleman, J. L. & Mace, G. M. 2000 Non-random extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science 288, 328-330. (doi:10.1126/science.288.5464.328)
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 328-330
    • Purvis, A.1    Agapow, P.M.2    Gittleman, J.L.3    Mace, G.M.4
  • 54
    • 0021564219 scopus 로고
    • Tradeoffs in performance on different hosts: Evidence from within- and between-site variation in the beetle Deloya guttata
    • doi:10.2307/2408708
    • Rausher, M. D. 1984 Tradeoffs in performance on different hosts: evidence from within- and between-site variation in the beetle Deloya guttata. Evolution 38, 582-595. (doi:10.2307/2408708)
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 582-595
    • Rausher, M.D.1
  • 55
    • 48949107737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: A preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x
    • Raxworthy, C. J., Pearson, R. G., Rabibisoa, N., Rakotondrazafy, A. M., Ramanamanjato, J. B., Raselimanana, A. P., Wu, S., Nussbaum, R. A. & Stone, D. A. 2008 Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar. Global Change Biol. 14, 1703-1720. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x)
    • (2008) Global Change Biol , vol.14 , pp. 1703-1720
    • Raxworthy, C.J.1    Pearson, R.G.2    Rabibisoa, N.3    Rakotondrazafy, A.M.4    Ramanamanjato, J.B.5    Raselimanana, A.P.6    Wu, S.7    Nussbaum, R.A.8    Stone, D.A.9
  • 56
    • 34548163583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random coextinctions in phylogenetically structured mutualistic networks
    • doi:10.1038/ nature05956
    • Rezende, E. L., Lavabre, J. E., Guimaraes, P. R. J., Jordano, P. & Bascompte, J. 2007 Random coextinctions in phylogenetically structured mutualistic networks. Nature 448, 925-928. (doi:10.1038/ nature05956)
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 925-928
    • Rezende, E.L.1    Lavabre, J.E.2    Guimaraes, P.R.J.3    Jordano, P.4    Bascompte, J.5
  • 57
    • 53749107047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of the world's land and marine mammals: Diversity, threat, and knowledge
    • doi:10.1126/science.1165115
    • Schipper, J. et al. 2008 The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge. Science 322, 225-230. (doi:10.1126/science.1165115)
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 225-230
    • Schipper, J.1
  • 59
    • 0001903873 scopus 로고
    • Parasitoid host ranges
    • eds B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan, pp, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Shaw, M. R. 1994 Parasitoid host ranges. In Parasitoid community ecology (eds B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan), pp. 111-114. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (1994) Parasitoid community ecology , pp. 111-114
    • Shaw, M.R.1
  • 60
    • 37349053518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary change in human-altered environments
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03607.x
    • Smith, T. B. & Bernatchez, L. 2008 Evolutionary change in human-altered environments. Mol. Ecol. 17, 1-8. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03607.x)
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 1-8
    • Smith, T.B.1    Bernatchez, L.2
  • 61
    • 14844360185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of generalization? Parasitoid flies and the perils of inferring host range evolution from phylogenies
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00850.x
    • Stireman, J. O. 2005 The evolution of generalization? Parasitoid flies and the perils of inferring host range evolution from phylogenies. J. Evol. Biol. 18, 325-336. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00850.x)
    • (2005) J. Evol. Biol , vol.18 , pp. 325-336
    • Stireman, J.O.1
  • 62
    • 0027378576 scopus 로고
    • Extinction or 'co-extinction' rates?
    • Stork, N. & Lyal, C. H. C. 1993 Extinction or 'co-extinction' rates?. Nature 366, 307.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 307
    • Stork, N.1    Lyal, C.H.C.2
  • 63
    • 33749141877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aphids and scale insects on threatened trees: Coextinction is a minor threat
    • doi:10.1017/S0030605306000123
    • Thacker, J. I., Hopkins, G. W. & Dixon, A. F. G. 2006 Aphids and scale insects on threatened trees: coextinction is a minor threat. Oryx 40, 233-236. (doi:10.1017/S0030605306000123)
    • (2006) Oryx , vol.40 , pp. 233-236
    • Thacker, J.I.1    Hopkins, G.W.2    Dixon, A.F.G.3
  • 64
    • 0032996850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host resources govern the specificity of swiftlet lice: Size matters
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00297.x
    • Tompkins, D. M. & Clayton, D. H. 1999 Host resources govern the specificity of swiftlet lice: size matters. J. Anim. Ecol. 68, 489-500. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00297.x)
    • (1999) J. Anim. Ecol , vol.68 , pp. 489-500
    • Tompkins, D.M.1    Clayton, D.H.2
  • 66
    • 19644386052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using parasites to infer host population history: A new rationale for parasite conservation
    • doi:10.1017/S1367943005001915
    • Whiteman, N. K. & Parker, P. G. 2005 Using parasites to infer host population history: a new rationale for parasite conservation. Anim. Conserv. 8, 175-181. (doi:10.1017/S1367943005001915)
    • (2005) Anim. Conserv , vol.8 , pp. 175-181
    • Whiteman, N.K.1    Parker, P.G.2
  • 67
    • 27444444723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes to the elevational limits and extent of species ranges associated with climate change
    • Wilson, R. J., Gutierrez, D., Gutierrez, J., Martinez, D., Agudo, R. & Monserrat, V. J. 2005 Changes to the elevational limits and extent of species ranges associated with climate change. Ecol. Lett. 8, 1138-1146.
    • (2005) Ecol. Lett , vol.8 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Wilson, R.J.1    Gutierrez, D.2    Gutierrez, J.3    Martinez, D.4    Agudo, R.5    Monserrat, V.J.6
  • 68
    • 34548462604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01418.x
    • Wilson, R. J., Gutierrez, D., Gutierrez, J. & Monserrat, V. J. 2007 An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change. Global Change Biol. 13, 1873-1887. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01418.x)
    • (2007) Global Change Biol , vol.13 , pp. 1873-1887
    • Wilson, R.J.1    Gutierrez, D.2    Gutierrez, J.3    Monserrat, V.J.4
  • 69
    • 33644831181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host range and emerging and re-emerging pathogens
    • Woolhouse, M. E. J. & Gowtage-Sequeria, S. 2005 Host range and emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11, 1842-1847.
    • (2005) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.11 , pp. 1842-1847
    • Woolhouse, M.E.J.1    Gowtage-Sequeria, S.2
  • 70
    • 17844365567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging pathogens: The epidemiology and evolution of species jumps
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.009
    • Woolhouse, M. E. J., Haydon, D. T. & Antia, R. 2005 Emerging pathogens: the epidemiology and evolution of species jumps. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20, 238-244. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.009)
    • (2005) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.20 , pp. 238-244
    • Woolhouse, M.E.J.1    Haydon, D.T.2    Antia, R.3
  • 71
    • 44449089555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid speciation following recent host shifts in the plant pathogenic fungus Rhynchosporium
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646. 2008.00390.x
    • Zaffarano, P. L., McDonald, B. A. & Linde, C. C. 2008 Rapid speciation following recent host shifts in the plant pathogenic fungus Rhynchosporium. Evolution 62, 1418-1436. (doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646. 2008.00390.x)
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 1418-1436
    • Zaffarano, P.L.1    McDonald, B.A.2    Linde, C.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.