Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: Ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences

Ecology

Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 2408-2421

  Ashman, Tia Lynn ^a   Knight, Tiffany M ^b   Steets, Janette A ^a   Amarasekare, Priyanga ^c   Burd, Martin ^d   Campbell, Diane R ^e   Dudash, Michele R ^f   Johnston, Mark O ^g   Mazer, Susan J ^h   Mitchell, Randall J ⁱ   Morgan, Martin T ^j   Wilson, William G ^k  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^d MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f Bldg 142   (United States)

^g DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

^j WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Causes and consequences; Elasticities; Hand pollination; Plant demography; Pollen; Pollen limitation; Pollinators; Seed set; Supplemental pollination

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTION; PERTURBATION; POLLEN; POLLINATION; REPRODUCTION;

EID: 5344280529     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/03-8024     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Ågren, J. 1996. Population size, pollinator limitation, and seed set in the self-incompatible herb Lythrum salicaria. Ecology 77:1779-1790.
2. Aizen, M. A., and P. Feinsinger. 1994. Habitat fragmentation, native insect pollinators, and feral honey bees in Argentine "Chaco Serrano." Ecological Applications 4:378-392.
3. Allee, W. C., A. E. Emerson, O. Park, T. Park, and K. P. Schmidt. 1949. Principals of animal ecology. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
4. Amarasekare, P. 2004. Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions. Journal of Animal Ecology 73:128-143.
5. Ashman, T.-L. 2004. Flower longevity. Pages 349-362 in L. D. Nooden, editor. Plant cell death processes. Elsevier Press, San Diego, California, USA.
6. Ashman, T.-L., and C. Diefenderfer. 2001. Sex ratio represents a unique context for selection on attractive traits: consequences for the evolution of sexual dimorphism. American Naturalist 157:334-347.
7. Ashman, T.-L., and M. T. Morgan. 2004. Explaning phenotypic selection on plant attractive characters: male function, gender balance or ecological context? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 271:553-559.
8. Ashman, T.-L., and D. J. Schoen. 1997. The cost of floral longevity in Clarkia tembloriensis: an experimental investigation. Evolutionary Ecology 11:289-300.
9. Bateman, A. J. 1948. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2:349-368.
10. Bierzychudek, P. 1981. Pollinator limitation of plant reproductive effort. American Naturalist 117:838-840.
11. Bierzychudek, P. 1982. The demography of jack-in-the-pulpit, a forest perennial that changes sex. Ecological Monographs 52:335-351.
12. Bond, W. J. 1994. Do mutualisms matter? Assessing the impact of pollinator and disperser disruption on plant extinction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 344:83-90.
13. Buchman, S. L., and G. P. Nabham. 1996. The forgotten pollinators. Island Press, Washington D.C., USA.
14. Burd, M. 1994. Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Botanical Review 60:83-139.
15. Burd, M. 1995. Ovule packaging in stochastic pollination and fertilization environments. Evolution 49:100-109.
16. Calvo, R. N., and C. C. Horvitz. 1993. Pollinator limitation, cost of reproduction, and fitness in plants: a transition-matrix demographic approach. American Naturalist 136:449-516.
17. Chittka, L., and S. Schurkens. 2001. Successful invasion of a floral market. Nature 411:653.
18. Crone, E. E. 2001. Is survivorship a better fitness surrogate than fecundity? Evolution 55:2611-2614.
19. Cunningham, S. A. 1995. Ecological constraints on fruit initiation by Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana (Arecaceae): floral herbivory, pollen availability, and visitation by pollinating bats. American Journal of Botany 82:1527-1536.
20. Dennis, B. 1989. Allee effects: population growth, critical density, and the chance of extinction. Natural Resource Modeling 3:481-537.
21. Dennis, B., R. A. Desharnais, J. M. Cushing, and R. F. Costantino. 1995. Nonlinear demographic dynamics: mathematical models, statistical methods, and biological experiments. Ecological Monographs 65:261-281.
22. Dudash, M. R. 1993. Variation in pollen limitation among individuals of Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae). Ecology 74:959-962.
23. Dudash, M. R., and C. B. Fenster. 1997. Multi-year study of pollen limitation and cost of reproduction in the iteroparous Silene virginica. Ecology 78:484-493.
24. Eckert, C. G. 2001. The loss of sex in clonal plants. Evolutionary Ecology 15:501-520.
25. Ehlers, B. K., J. M. Olesen, and J. Agren. 2002. Floral morphology and reproductive success in the orchid Epipactis helleborine: regional and local across-habitat variation. Plant Systematics and Evolution 236:19-32.
26. Ehrlen, J., and O. Eriksson. 1995. Pollen limitation and population growth in a herbaceous perennial legume. Ecology 76:652-656.
27. Fausto, J. A., V. M. Eckhart, and M. A. Geber. 2001. Reproductive assurance and the evolutionary ecology of self-pollination in Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae). American Journal of Botany 88:1794-1800.
28. Finer, M. S., and M. T. Morgan. 2003. Effects of natural rates of geitonogamy on fruit set in Asclepias speciosa (Apocynaceae): evidence favoring the plant's dilemma. American Journal of Botany 90:1746-1750.
29. Foster, B. L., and D. Tilman. 2003. Seed limitation and the regulation of community structure on oak savanna grassland. Journal of Ecology 91:999-1007.
30. Franceschinelli, E. V., and K. S. Bawa. 2000. The effect of ecological factors on the mating system of a South American shrub species (Helicteres brevispira). Heredity 84:116-123.
31. Galen, C., R. C. Plowright, and J. D. Thomson. 1985. Floral biology and regulation of seed set and seed size in the lily, Clintonia borealis. American Journal of Botany 72:1544-1552.
32. Garcia, M. B., and J. Ehrlen. 2002. Reproductive effort and herbivory timing in a perennial herb: fitness components at the individual and population levels. American Journal of Botany 89:1295-1302.
33. Groom, M. J. 1998. Allee effects limit population viability of an annual plant. American Naturalist 151:487-496.
34. Hackney, E. E., and J. B. McGraw. 2001. Experimental demonstration of an Allee effect in American ginseng. Conservation Biology 15:129-136.
35. Haig, D., and M. Westoby. 1988. On limits to seed production. American Naturalist 131:757-759.
36. Heilbuth, J., K. L. Ilves, and S. P. Otto. 2001. The consequences of dioecy for seed dispersal: modeling the seedshadow handicap. Evolution 55:880-888.
37. Husband, B. C., and D. W. Schemske. 1996. Evolution of the magnitude and timing of inbreeding depression in plants. Evolution 50:54-70.
38. Ishii, R., and M. Higashi. 2001. Coexistance induced by pollen limitation in flowering-plant species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 268:579-585.
39. Janzen, D. H. 1977. A note on optimal mate selection in plants. American Naturalist 111:365-371.
40. Johnson, S. D., and W. J. Bond. 1997. Evidence for widespread pollen limitation of fruiting success in Cape wildflowers. Oecologia 109:530-534.
41. Kalla, S. E., and T.-L. Ashman. 2002. The effects of pollen competition on progeny vigor in Fragaria virginiana (Rosaceae) depend on progeny growth environment. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163:335-340.
42. Klinkhamer, P. G. L., and T. J. Dejong. 1990. Effects of plant size, plant-density and sex differential nectar reward on pollinator visitation in the protandrous Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos 57:399-405.
43. Knight, T. M. 2004. The effects of herbivory and pollen limitation on a declining population of Trillium grandiflorum. Ecological Applications 14, in press.
44. Krupnick, G. A., A. E. Weis, and D. R. Campbell. 1999. The consequences of floral herbivory for pollinator service to Isomeris arborea. Ecology 80:125-134.
45. Kunin, W. E. 1993. Sex and the single mustard: population density and pollinator behavior effects on seed-set. Ecology 74:2145-2160.
46. Lande, R., S. Engen, and B. E. Saether. 1998. Extinction times in finite metapopulation models with stochastic local dynamics. Oikos 83:383-389.
47. Larson, B. M. H., and S. C. H. Barrett. 2000. A comparison of pollen limitation in flowering plants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69:503-520.
48. Lawrence, W. S. 1993. Resource and pollen limitation: plant size-dependent reproductive patterns in Physalis longifolia. American Naturalist 141:296-313.
49. Lennartsson, T. 2002. Extinction thresholds and disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in fragmented plant populations. Ecology 83:3060-3072.
50. Lloyd, D. G. 1974. Theoretical sex ratios of dioecious and gynodioecious angiosperms. Heredity 31:11-34.
51. Lloyd, D. G. 1992. Self-fertilization and cross-fertilization in plants. 2. The selection of self-fertilization. International Journal of Plant Sciences 153:370-380.
52. MathWorks. 2000. MATLAB version 6.0. MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA.
53. Maurice, S., and T. H. Fleming. 1995. The effect of pollen limitation on plant reproductive systems and the maintenance of sexual polymorphisms. Oikos 74:55-60.
54. Mazer, S. J., V. A. Delesalle, and P. R. Neal. 1999. Responses of floral traits to selection on primary sexual investment in Spergularia marina: the battle between the sexes. Evolution 53:717-731.
55. McGinley, M. A., D. H. Temme, and M. A. Geber. 1987. Parental investment in offspring in variable environments: theoretical and empirical considerations. American Naturalist 130:370-398.
56. Mitchell, R. J. 1997. Effects of pollination intensity on Lesquerella fendleri seed set: variation among plants. Oecologia 109:382-388.
57. Moles, A. T., and M. Westoby. 2002. Seed addition experiments are more likely to increase recruitment in larger-seeded species. Oikos 99:241-248.
58. Morris, W. F., and D. F. Doak. 2002. Quantitative conservation biology: theory and practice of population viability analysis. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
59. Murawski, D. A., and J. L. Hamrick. 1991. The effect of the density of flowering individuals on the mating systems of 9 tropical tree species. Heredity 67:167-174.
60. Naeem, S., L. J. Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1994. Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-737.
61. Parker, I. M. 1997. Pollinator limitation of Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom), an invasive exotic shrub. Ecology 78:1457-1470.
62. Parker, I. M. 2000. Invasion dynamics of Cytisus scoparius: a matrix model approach. Ecological Applications 10:726-743.
63. Parker, I. M., and K. A. Haubensack. 2002. Comparative pollinator limitation of two non-native shrubs: do mutualisms influence invasions? Oecologia 130:250-258.
64. Primack, R. B., and P. Hall. 1990. Costs of reproduction in the pink lady's slipper orchid: a four-year experimental study. American Naturalist 136:638-656.
65. Ramsey, M., and G. Vaughton. 2000. Pollen quality limits seed set in Burchardia umbellata (Colchicaceae). American Journal of Botany 87:845-852.
66. Rosenberg, M. S., D. C. Adams, and J. Gurevitch. 2000. MetaWin: statistical software for meta-analysis. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
67. Silander, J. A. 1978. Density-dependent control of reproductive success in Cassia biflora. Biotropica 10:292-296.
68. Silvertown, J., M. Franco, J. Pisanty, and A. Mendoza. 1993. Comparative plant demography: relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in woody and herbaceous perennials. Journal of Ecology 81:465-476.
69. Steffan-Dewenter, I., and T. Tscharntke. 1999. Effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and seed set. Oecologia 121:432-440.
70. Stephenson, A. G. 1981. Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12:253-279.
71. Strauss, S. Y., J. K. Conner, and S. L. Rush. 1996. Foliar herbivory affects floral characters and plant attractiveness to pollinators: implications for male and female plant fitness. American Naturalist 147:1098-1107.
72. Thomson, J. D. 2001. Using pollination deficits to infer pollinator declines: can theory guide us? Conservation Ecology 5. 〈http://www. consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art6〉.
73. Tilman, D., P. B. Reich, J. Knops, D. Wedin, T. Mielke, and C. Lehman. 2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294:843-845.
74. Totland, Ø., H. L. Andersen, T. Bjelland, V. Dahl, W. Eide, S. Houge, T. R. Pedersen, and E. U. Vie. 1998. Variation in pollen limitation among plants and phenotypic selection on floral traits in an early-spring flowering herb. Oikos 82:491-501.
75. Turnbull, L. A., M. J. Crawley, and M. Rees. 2000. Are plant populations seed-limited? A review of seed sowing experiments. Oikos 88:225-238.
76. Vonesh, J. R., and O. De la Cruz. 2002. Complex life cycles and density dependence: assessing the contribution of egg mortality to amphibian declines. Oecologia 133:325-333.
77. Willson, M. F., and N. Burley. 1983. Mate choice in plants. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
78. Wilson, W. G., and L. D. Harder. 2003. Reproductive uncertainty and the relative competitiveness of simultaneous hermaphroditism versus dioecy. American Naturalist 162:220-241.
79. Worley, A. C., and S. C. H. Barrett. 2000. Evolution of floral display in Eichornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae): direct and correlated responses to selection on flower size and number. Evolution 54:1533-1545.
80. Young, H. J., and T. P. Young. 1992. Alternative outcomes of natural and experimental high pollen loads. Ecology 73:639-647.
81. Zimmerman, M., and G. H. Pyke. 1988. Reproduction in Polemonium: assessing factors limiting seed set. American Naturalist 131:723-738.