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Ackermann and co-workers have reported impressive palladium- and rhodium-catalysed direct arylation methodologies employing the less reactive aryl bromides, chlorides, tosylates and mesylates as electrophiles via C–H functionalization. See: L. Ackermann R. Vicente A. Althammer, A. Org. Lett. 2008 10 2299-2302.
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During the development of this work You et al. reported the direct arylation of several heterocycles with the less reactive aryl bromides. See
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During the development of this work You et al. reported the direct arylation of several heterocycles with the less reactive aryl bromides. See: D. Zhao W. Wang F. Yang J. Lan L. Yang G. Gao J. You Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009 48 3296-3300.
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We subjected the mixture of regioisomers to the optimised cyclised conditions, but no product formation was observed
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We subjected the mixture of regioisomers to the optimised cyclised conditions, but no product formation was observed.
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55
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67249159286
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For an alternative synthesis of 5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole 2c based on palladium catalysis, see
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For an alternative synthesis of 5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole 2c based on palladium catalysis, see: R. Marcia de Figueiredo S. Thoret C. Huet J. Dubois Synthesis 2007 529-540.
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For a recently reported palladium-catalysed synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole 2a, see
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For a recently reported palladium-catalysed synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-a]benzimidazole 2a, see: K. C. Majumdar P. Debnath A. Taher A. K. Pal Can. J. Chem. 2008 86 325-332.
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Some examples of palladium- and rhodium-catalysed purine arylation can be found in
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Some examples of palladium- and rhodium-catalysed purine arylation can be found in: K. L. Tan R. G. Bergman J. A. Ellman J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002 124 13964-13965.
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To the best of our knowledge, the 4-azabenzimidazole framework has never been directly arylated through a metal-catalysed C–H functionalization
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K. L. Tan S. Park J. A. Ellman R. G. Bergman J. Org. Chem. 2004 69 7329-7335 To the best of our knowledge, the 4-azabenzimidazole framework has never been directly arylated through a metal-catalysed C–H functionalization.
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For a recent example, see
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For some relevant reviews of copper-catalysed coupling reactions and the mechanism involved, see
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