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for Ullmann-Goldberg-type reactions (C-O, C-N, and C-S coupling), see c) S. V. Ley, A. W. Thomas, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 5558-5607;
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for Ullmann-Goldberg-type reactions (C-O, C-N, and C-S coupling), see c) S. V. Ley, A. W. Thomas, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 5558-5607;
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for more general copper-mediated cross-coupling reactions, see e
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Two important breakthroughs in 2001 from the research groups of Taillefer and Buchwald: a M. Taillefer, H.-J. Cristau, P. P. Cellier, J.-F. Spindler, Fr 2833947-WO 0353225 (Pr. Nb. Fr 2001 16547), 2001; M. Taillefer, H.-J. Cristau, P. P. Cellier, J.-F. Spindler, A. Ouali, Fr 2840303-WO 03101966 (Pr. Nb. Fr 2002 06717), 2002;
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Two important breakthroughs in 2001 from the research groups of Taillefer and Buchwald: a) M. Taillefer, H.-J. Cristau, P. P. Cellier, J.-F. Spindler, Fr 2833947-WO 0353225 (Pr. Nb. Fr 2001 16547), 2001; M. Taillefer, H.-J. Cristau, P. P. Cellier, J.-F. Spindler, A. Ouali, Fr 2840303-WO 03101966 (Pr. Nb. Fr 2002 06717), 2002;
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WO 02/085838 Priority number US 2001 0286268, 2001
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For the aromatic amination of aryl bromides, see B. de Lange, M. H. Lambers-Verstappen, L. Schmieder-van de Vondervoort, N. Sereinig, R. de Rijk, A. M. de Vries, J. G. de Vries, Synlett 2006, 3105-3109.
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Reasonable turnovers for the copper-catalyzed reactions have been reported (up to 1500), but reaction times are long; see for example: A. Ouali, J. F. Spindler, H. J. Cristau, M. Taillefer, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2006, 348, 499-505, and references therein.
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Reasonable turnovers for the copper-catalyzed reactions have been reported (up to 1500), but reaction times are long; see for example: A. Ouali, J. F. Spindler, H. J. Cristau, M. Taillefer, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2006, 348, 499-505, and references therein.
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For the use of a copper catalyst immobilized on silica gel for C-O coupling, see
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a) For the use of a copper catalyst immobilized on silica gel for C-O coupling, see T. Miao, L. Wang, Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 95-99;
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for the use of a copper nanoparticule for C-S coupling, see L. Rout, T. K. Sen, T. Punniyamurthy, Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 5679-5682;
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b) for the use of a copper nanoparticule for C-S coupling, see L. Rout, T. K. Sen, T. Punniyamurthy, Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 5679-5682;
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For an example of a recent C-S coupling reaction in water, see
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a) For an example of a recent C-S coupling reaction in water, see M. Carril, R. SanMartin, E. Dominguez, I. Tellitu, Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 5100-5105;
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