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In principle, unrinsed (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers that are covered with a film of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe can also be used for the selective deposition of copper. UV-vis spectra of printed multilayers on PET after exposure to Pd/Sn colloids (Figure S2, Supporting Information) show a slight reduction of the Soret band absorbance, indicating that the physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe layers do not desorb to an appreciable extent in the colloidal solution. However, the economic advantage of using ELD decreases if contamination of the plating solutionssparticularly for Pd/Sn colloidssreduces their lifetime. For this reason, we have focused on the use of (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers as a base for selective ELD.
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In principle, unrinsed (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers that are covered with a film of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe can also be used for the selective deposition of copper. UV-vis spectra of printed multilayers on PET after exposure to Pd/Sn colloids (Figure S2, Supporting Information) show a slight reduction of the Soret band absorbance, indicating that the physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe layers do not desorb to an appreciable extent in the colloidal solution. However, the economic advantage of using ELD decreases if contamination of the plating solutionssparticularly for Pd/Sn colloidssreduces their lifetime. For this reason, we have focused on the use of (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers as a base for selective ELD.
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It is interesting to note that copper deposited on unrinsed (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers covered with a film of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe achieves the same ASTM adhesion classification (5B) as copper deposited on (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers. The presence of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe introduces a potentially weak interface since physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe multilayers are held together by weak intermolecular forces. The fact that the presence of this interface does not impact the adhesion of the copper likely indicates that the adhesion of copper films is dominated by mechanical interlock to the rough polymeric substrate.
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It is interesting to note that copper deposited on unrinsed (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers covered with a film of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe achieves the same ASTM adhesion classification (5B) as copper deposited on (TPP)Al-carboxylate monolayers. The presence of physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe introduces a potentially weak interface since physisorbed (TPP)Al-OMe multilayers are held together by weak intermolecular forces. The fact that the presence of this interface does not impact the adhesion of the copper likely indicates that the adhesion of copper films is dominated by mechanical interlock to the rough polymeric substrate.
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