Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory pathologies of the horse

Veterinary Journal

Volumn 183, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 27-38

  Clutterbuck, Abigail L ^a   Harris, Pat ^b   Allaway, David ^b   Mobasheri, Ali ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b WALTHAM CENTRE FOR PET NUTRITION   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cancer; Central nervous system; Equine; Fibrosis; Inflammation; Laminitis; Matrix metalloproteinases; Osteoarthritis; Recurrent airway obstruction

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTOKINE; AMINE; BACTERIAL TOXIN; CYTOKINE; ENDOTOXIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; CARTILAGE CELL; CATARACT; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME REGULATION; FIBROSIS; HORSE DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTESTINE MUCOSA PERMEABILITY; KERATITIS; LAMINITIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SKIN INJURY; SYNOVIOCYTE; VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE;

ANIMALS; CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; INFLAMMATION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES;

EQUIDAE; MAMMALIA;

EID: 72249102614     PISSN: 10900233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.09.022     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. Acosta de Perez O., Teibler P., Leiva L., Rios E., Sanchez Negrette M., and Pollitt C. Equine laminitis: bites by Bothrops spp. cause hoof lamellar pathology in the contralateral as well as in the bitten limb. Toxicon 48 (2006) 307-312
2. Alford P., Geller S., Richardson B., Slater M., Honnas C., Foreman J., Robinson J., Messer M., Roberts M., Goble D., Hood D., and Chaffin M. A multicenter, matched case-control study of risk factors for equine laminitis. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 49 (2001) 209-222
3. Arosalo B.M., Raekallio M., Rajamaki M., Holopainen E., Kastevaara T., Salonen H., and Sankari S. Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 49 (2007) 4
4. Asplin K.E., Sillence M.N., Pollitt C.C., and McGowan C.M. Induction of laminitis by prolonged hyperinsulinaemia in clinically normal ponies. The Veterinary Journal 174 (2007) 530-535
5. Aupperle H., Ozgen S.H.A., Schoon D., Hoppen H.O., Sieme H., and Tannapfel A. Cyclical endometrial steroid hormone receptor expression and proliferation intensity in the mare. Equine Veterinary Journal 32 (2000) 228-232
6. Bailey S.R., Marr C.M., and Elliott J. Current research and theories on the pathogenesis of acute laminitis in the horse. The Veterinary Journal 167 (2004) 129-142
7. Bailey S.R., Menzies-Gow N.J., Marr C.M., and Elliott J. The effects of vasoactive amines found in the equine hindgut on digital blood flow in the normal horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 267-272
8. Balkman C.E., and Nixon A.J. Molecular cloning and cartilage gene expression of equine stromelysin 1 (matrix metalloproteinase 3). American Journal of Veterinary Research 59 (1998) 30-36
9. Bataller R., and Brenner D.A. Liver fibrosis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115 (2005) 209-218
10. Baugh M.D., Perry M.J., Hollander A.P., Davies D.R., Cross S.S., Lobo A.J., Taylor C.J., and Evans G.S. Matrix metalloproteinase levels are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 117 (1999) 814-822
11. Bee A., Barnes A., Jones M.D., Robertson D.H., Clegg P.D., and Carter S.D. Canine TIMP-2: purification, characterization and molecular detection. The Veterinary Journal 160 (2000) 126-134
12. Belknap J.K., Giguere S., Pettigrew A., Cochran A.M., Van Eps A.W., and Pollitt C.C. Lamellar pro-inflammatory cytokine expression patterns in laminitis at the developmental stage and at the onset of lameness: innate vs adaptive immune response. Equine Veterinary Journal 39 (2007) 42-47
13. Black S.J., Lunn D.P., Yin C., Hwang M., Lenz S.D., and Belknap J.K. Leukocyte emigration in the early stages of laminitis. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 109 (2006) 161-166
14. Bosman F.T., and Stamenkovic I. Functional structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. The Journal of Pathology 200 (2003) 423-428
15. Broome T.A., Allen D., Baxter G.M., Pugh D.G., and Mahaffey E. Septic metritis secondary to torsion of a pedunculated uterine fibroleiomyoma in a filly. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 200 (1992) 1685-1688
16. Bullen E.C., Longaker M.T., Updike D.L., Benton R., Ladin D., Hou Z., and Howard E.W. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 is decreased and activated gelatinases are increased in chronic wounds. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 104 (1995) 236-240
17. Cawston T., Billington C., Cleaver C., Elliott S., Hui W., Koshy P., Shingleton B., and Rowan A. The regulation of MMPs and TIMPs in cartilage turnover. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 878 (1999) 120-129
18. Cawston T.E., and Wilson A.J. Understanding the role of tissue degrading enzymes and their inhibitors in development and disease. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology 20 (2006) 983-1002
19. Cheung P.Y., Sawicki G., Wozniak M., Wang W., Radomski M.W., and Schulz R. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart. Circulation 101 (2000) 1833-1839
20. Chirco R., Liu X.W., Jung K.K., and Kim H.R. Novel functions of TIMPs in cell signaling. Cancer Metastasis Reviews 25 (2006) 99-113
21. Clegg P.D., Burke R.M., Coughlan A.R., Riggs C.M., and Carter S.D. Characterisation of equine matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9; and identification of the cellular sources of these enzymes in joints. Equine Veterinary Journal 29 (1997) 335-342
22. Clegg P.D., and Carter S.D. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 are activated in joint diseases. Equine Veterinary Journal 31 (1999) 324-330
23. Clegg P.D., Coughlan A.R., and Carter S.D. Equine TIMP-1 and TIMP-2: identification, activity and cellular sources. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (1998) 416-423
24. Clegg P.D., Coughlan A.R., Riggs C.M., and Carter S.D. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in equine synovial fluids. Equine Veterinary Journal 29 (1997) 343-348
25. Cochrane C.A. Models in vivo of wound healing in the horse and the role of growth factors. Veterinary Dermatology 8 (1997) 259-272
26. Cochrane C.A., Freeman K.L., and Knottenbelt D.C. Effect of growth factors on the characteristics of cells associated with equine wound healing and sarcoid formation. Wound Repair and Regeneration 4 (1996) 58-65
27. Cominetti M.R., Ribeiro J.U., Fox J.W., and Selistre-de-Araujo H.S. BaG, a new dimeric metalloproteinase/disintegrin from the Bothrops alternatus snake venom that interacts with alpha5beta1 integrin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 416 (2003) 171-179
28. Cosgrove G.P., Schwarz M.I., Geraci M.W., Brown K.K., and Worthen G.S. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 121 (2002) 25S-26S
29. Cottam D.R., Mattar S.G., Barinas-Mitchell E., Eid G., Kuller L., Kelley D.E., and Schauer P.R. The chronic inflammatory hypothesis for the morbidity associated with morbid obesity: implications and effects of weight loss. Obesity Surgery 14 (2004) 589-600
30. Coughlan A.R., Robertson D.H., Bennett D., May C., Beynon R.J., and Carter S.D. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in canine rheumatoid arthritis. The Veterinary Record 143 (1998) 219-223
31. Coussens L.M., Tinkle C.L., Hanahan D., and Werb Z. MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell 103 (2000) 481-490
32. Cunnane G., Fitzgerald O., Beeton C., Cawston T.E., and Bresnihan B. Early joint erosions and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 44 (2001) 2263-2274
33. Daradka M., and Pollitt C.C. Epidermal cell proliferation in the equine hoof wall. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 236-241
34. De Lorenzo A., Del Gobbo V., Premrov M.G., Bigioni M., Galvano F., and Di Renzo L. Normal-weight obese syndrome: early inflammation?. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85 (2007) 40-45
35. Dean D.D., Martel-Pelletier J., Pelletier J.P., Howell D.S., and Woessner Jr. J.F. Evidence for metalloproteinase and metalloproteinase inhibitor imbalance in human osteoarthritic cartilage. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 84 (1989) 678-685
36. Dixon P.M. Respiratory mucociliary clearance in the horse in health and disease, and its pharmaceutical modification. The Veterinary Record 131 (1992) 229-235
37. Domeij H., Yucel-Lindberg T., and Modeer T. Signal pathways involved in the production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in human gingival fibroblasts. European Journal of Oral Sciences 110 (2002) 302-306
38. Dudhia J., and Platt D. Complete primary sequence of equine cartilage link protein deduced from complementary DNA. American Journal of Veterinary Research 56 (1995) 959-965
39. Egeblad M., and Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nature Reviews. Cancer 2 (2002) 161-174
40. Elliott J., Berhane Y., and Bailey S.R. Effects of monoamines formed in the cecum of horses on equine digital blood vessels and platelets. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64 (2003) 1124-1131
41. Ensink J.M., Voermans M., Bartels J.H., Passon-Vastenburgen M.H., and Loeb E. A horse with a badly-healing wound? A case report. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 130 (2005) 2-7
42. Fairbairn S.M., Page C.P., Lees P., and Cunningham F.M. Early neutrophil but not eosinophil or platelet recruitment to the lungs of allergic horses following antigen exposure. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 23 (1993) 821-828
43. Fessler J.F., Faber N.A., Blevins W.E., and Coatney R.W. Squamous cell carcinoma associated with a chronic wound in a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202 (1993) 615-616
44. Festa A., D'Agostino Jr. R., Williams K., Karter A.J., Mayer-Davis E.J., Tracy R.P., and Haffner S.M. The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 25 (2001) 1407-1415
45. Fischoeder A., Meyborg H., Stibenz D., Fleck E., Graf K., and Stawowy P. Insulin augments matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes. Cardiovascular Research 73 (2007) 841-848
46. Frank N., Elliott S.B., Brandt L.E., and Keisler D.H. Physical characteristics, blood hormone concentrations, and plasma lipid concentrations in obese horses with insulin resistance. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 228 (2006) 1383-1390
47. French K.R., and Pollitt C.C. Equine laminitis: cleavage of laminin 5 associated with basement membrane dysadhesion. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 242-247
48. Galey F.D., Whiteley H.E., Goetz T.E., Kuenstler A.R., Davis C.A., and Beasley V.R. Black walnut (Juglans nigra) toxicosis: a model for equine laminitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 104 (1991) 313-326
49. Galis Z.S., Muszynski M., Sukhova G.K., Simon-Morrissey E., Unemori E.N., Lark M.W., Amento E., and Libby P. Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix digestion. Circulation Research 75 (1994) 181-189
50. Garner H.E., Coffman J.R., Hahn A.W., Hutcheson D.P., and Tumbleson M.E. Equine laminitis of alimentary origin: an experimental model. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36 (1975) 441-444
51. Giannelli G., Falk-Marzillier J., Schiraldi O., Stetler-Stevenson W.G., and Quaranta V. Induction of cell migration by matrix metalloprotease-2 cleavage of laminin-5. Science 277 (1997) 225-228
52. Gillard J.A., Reed M.W., Buttle D., Cross S.S., and Brown N.J. Matrix metalloproteinase activity and immunohistochemical profile of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 during human dermal wound healing. Wound Repair and Regeneration 12 (2004) 295-304
53. Goldring M.B. The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 43 (2000) 1916-1926
54. Han Y.P. Matrix metalloproteinases, the pros and cons, in liver fibrosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 21 Suppl. 3 (2006) S88-S91
55. Harada A., Sekido N., Akahoshi T., Wada T., Mukaida N., and Matsushima K. Essential involvement of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in acute inflammation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 56 (1994) 559-564
56. Harris P., Bailey S.R., Elliott J., and Longland A. Countermeasures for pasture-associated laminitis in ponies and horses. The Journal of Nutrition 136 (2006) 2114S-2121S
57. Hayakawa T., Yamashita K., Tanzawa K., Uchijima E., and Iwata K. Growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) for a wide range of cells. A possible new growth factor in serum. FEBS Letters 298 (1992) 29-32
58. Hedbom E., Antonsson P., Hjerpe A., Aeschlimann D., Paulsson M., Rosa-Pimentel E., Sommarin Y., Wendel M., Oldberg A., and Heinegard D. Cartilage matrix proteins. An acidic oligomeric protein (COMP) detected only in cartilage. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 (1992) 6132-6136
59. Hildebrand A., Romaris M., Rasmussen L.M., Heinegard D., Twardzik D.R., Border W.A., and Ruoslahti E. Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta. The Biochemical Journal 302 Pt 2 (1994) 527-534
60. Hoffman R.M., Boston R.C., Stefanovski D., Kronfeld D.S., and Harris P.A. Obesity and diet affect glucose dynamics and insulin sensitivity in Thoroughbred geldings. Journal of Animal Science 81 (2003) 2333-2342
61. Holmbeck K., Bianco P., Pidoux I., Inoue S., Billinghurst R.C., Wu W., Chrysovergis K., Yamada S., Birkedal-Hansen H., and Poole A.R. The metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is required for normal development and maintenance of osteocyte processes in bone. Journal of Cell Science 118 (2005) 147-156
62. Hulboy D.L., Rudolph L.A., and Matrisian L.M. Matrix metalloproteinases as mediators of reproductive function. Molecular Human Reproduction 3 (1997) 27-45
63. Hurley D.J., Parks R.J., Reber A.J., Donovan D.C., Okinaga T., Vandenplas M.L., Peroni J.F., and Moore J.N. Dynamic changes in circulating leukocytes during the induction of equine laminitis with black walnut extract. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 110 (2006) 195-206
64. Iredale J.P., Benyon R.C., Arthur M.J., Ferris W.F., Alcolado R., Winwood P.J., Clark N., and Murphy G. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 messenger RNA expression is enhanced relative to interstitial collagenase messenger RNA in experimental liver injury and fibrosis. Hepatology 24 (1996) 176-184
65. Ito A., Mukaiyama A., Itoh Y., Nagase H., Thogersen I.B., Enghild J.J., Sasaguri Y., and Mori Y. Degradation of interleukin 1beta by matrix metalloproteinases. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (1996) 14657-14660
66. Ito Y., Yoshida H., Kakudo K., Nakamura Y., Kuma K., and Miyauchi A. Inverse relationships between the expression of MMP-7 and MMP-11 and predictors of poor prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathology 38 (2006) 421-425
67. Jones J.C., Hopkinson S.B., and Goldfinger L.E. Structure and assembly of hemidesmosomes. Bioessays 20 (1998) 488-494
68. Kaup F.J., Drommer W., Damsch S., and Deegen E. Ultrastructural findings in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). II: Pathomorphological changes of the terminal airways and the alveolar region. Equine Veterinary Journal 22 (1990) 349-355
69. Kenney R.M. Cyclic and pathologic changes of the mare endometrium as detected by biopsy, with a note on early embryonic death. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 172 (1978) 241-262
70. Kershaw E.E., and Flier J.S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89 (2004) 2548-2556
71. Khan A.H., and Pessin J.E. Insulin regulation of glucose uptake: a complex interplay of intracellular signalling pathways. Diabetologia 45 (2002) 1475-1483
72. Koivunen A.L., Maisi P., Konttinen Y.T., Prikk K., and Sandholm M. Collagenolytic activity and its sensitivity to doxycycline inhibition in tracheal aspirates of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 38 (1997) 9-16
73. Koivunen A.L., Maisi P., Konttinen Y.T., and Sandholm M. Gelatinolytic activity in tracheal aspirates of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 38 (1997) 17-27
74. Koshy P.J., Lundy C.J., Rowan A.D., Porter S., Edwards D.R., Hogan A., Clark I.M., and Cawston T.E. The modulation of matrix metalloproteinase and ADAM gene expression in human chondrocytes by interleukin-1 and oncostatin M: a time-course study using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis and Rheumatism 46 (2002) 961-967
75. Kuettner K.E. Biochemistry of articular cartilage in health and disease. Clinical Biochemistry 25 (1992) 155-163
76. Kyaw-Tanner M., and Pollitt C.C. Equine laminitis: increased transcription of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) occurs during the developmental phase. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 221-225
77. Kyaw-Tanner M.T., Wattle O., van Eps A.W., and Pollitt C.C. Equine laminitis: membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-14) is involved in acute phase onset. Equine Veterinary Journal 40 (2008) 482-487
78. Lee K.S., Rha S.Y., Kim S.J., Kim J.H., Roh J.K., Kim B.S., and Chung H.C. Sequential activation and production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during breast cancer progression. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 14 (1996) 512-519
79. Leib S.L., Leppert D., Clements J., and Tauber M.G. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to brain damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infection and Immunity 68 (2000) 615-620
80. Leppert D., Leib S.L., Grygar C., Miller K.M., Schaad U.B., and Hollander G.A. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9 in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis: association with blood-brain barrier damage and neurological sequelae. Clinical Infectious Diseases 31 (2000) 80-84
81. Loftus J.P., Belknap J.K., and Black S.J. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in laminae of black walnut extract treated horses correlates with neutrophil abundance. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 113 (2006) 267-276
82. Lohi J., Wilson C.L., Roby J.D., and Parks W.C. Epilysin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-28) expressed in testis and keratinocytes and in response to injury. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (2001) 10134-10144
83. Louis E., Ribbens C., Godon A., Franchimont D., De Groote D., Hardy N., Boniver J., Belaiche J., and Malaise M. Increased production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by inflamed mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 120 (2000) 241-246
84. Loukopoulos P., Mungall B.A., Straw R.C., Thornton J.R., and Robinson W.F. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 involvement in canine tumors. Veterinary Pathology 40 (2003) 382-394
85. Marchenko G.N., and Strongin A.Y. MMP-28, a new human matrix metalloproteinase with an unusual cysteine-switch sequence is widely expressed in tumors. Gene 265 (2001) 87-93
86. Martel-Pelletier J. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 12 Supplement A (2004) S31-S33
87. May S.A., Hooke R.E., and Lees P. Interleukin-1 stimulation of equine articular cells. Research in Veterinary Science 52 (1992) 342-348
88. Medina C., and Radomski M.W. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal inflammation. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 318 (2006) 933-938
89. Meli D.N., Christen S., and Leib S.L. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in pneumococcal meningitis: activation via an oxidative pathway. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 187 (2003) 1411-1415
90. Menzies-Gow N.J., Bailey S.R., Katz L.M., Marr C.M., and Elliott J. Endotoxin-induced digital vasoconstriction in horses: associated changes in plasma concentrations of vasoconstrictor mediators. Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2004) 273-278
91. Ming S.H., Sun T.Y., Xiao W., and Xu X.M. Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase-1 in lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Chinese Medical Journal 118 (2005) 69-72
92. Mukaida N. Pathophysiological roles of interleukin-8/CXCL8 in pulmonary diseases. American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284 (2003) L566-L577
93. Mulholland B., Tuft S.J., and Khaw P.T. Matrix metalloproteinase distribution during early corneal wound healing. Eye 19 (2005) 584-588
94. Mungall B.A., and Pollitt C.C. Thermolysin activates equine lamellar hoof matrix metalloproteinases. Journal of Comparative Pathology 126 (2002) 9-16
95. Mungall B.A., Pollitt C.C., and Collins R. Localisation of gelatinase activity in epidermal hoof lamellae by in situ zymography. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 110 (1998) 535-540
96. Murray R.C., Smith R.K., Henson F.M., and Goodship A. The distribution of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in equine carpal articular cartilage and its variation with exercise and cartilage deterioration. The Veterinary Journal 162 (2001) 121-128
97. Naito Y., and Yoshikawa T. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel disease. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 26 (2005) 379-390
98. Nakamura H., Yoshino S., Kato T., Tsuruha J., and Nishioka K. T-cell mediated inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 7 (1999) 401-402
99. Naylor J.M., Clark E.G., and Clayton H.M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease - usefulness of clinical signs, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung-biopsy as diagnostic and prognostic aids. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 33 (1992) 591-598
100. Neely A.N., Clendening C.E., Gardner J., Greenhalgh D.G., and Warden G.D. Gelatinase activity in keloids and hypertrophic scars. Wound Repair and Regeneration 7 (1999) 166-171
101. Nevalainen M., Raulo S.M., Brazil T.J., Pirie R.S., Sorsa T., McGorum B.C., and Maisi P. Inhalation of organic dusts and lipopolysaccharide increases gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the lungs of heaves horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 34 (2002) 150-155
102. Newton S.A. Suspected bacterial meningoencephalitis in two adult horses. The Veterinary Record 142 (1998) 665-669
103. Ogata Y., Enghild J.J., and Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) activates the precursor for the human matrix metalloproteinase 9. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 (1992) 3581-3584
104. Ollivier F.J., Brooks D.E., Van Setten G.B., Schultz G.S., Gelatt K.N., Stevens G.R., Blalock T.D., Andrew S.E., Komaromy A.M., Lassaline M.E., Kallberg M.E., and Cutler T.J. Profiles of matrix metalloproteinase activity in equine tear fluid during corneal healing in 10 horses with ulcerative keratitis. Veterinary Ophthalmology 7 (2004) 397-405
105. Parks W.C. Matrix metalloproteinases in repair. Wound Repair and Regeneration 7 (1999) 423-432
106. Parks W.C., Wilson C.L., and Lopez-Boado Y.S. Matrix metalloproteinases as modulators of inflammation and innate immunity. Nature Reviews. Immunology 4 (2004) 617-629
107. Pass M.A., Pollitt S., and Pollitt C.C. Decreased glucose metabolism causes separation of hoof lamellae in vitro: a trigger for laminitis?. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement (1998) 133-138
108. Pelletier J.P., Martel-Pelletier J., and Abramson S.B. Osteoarthritis, an inflammatory disease: potential implication for the selection of new therapeutic targets. Arthritis and Rheumatism 44 (2001) 1237-1247
109. Peloso J.G., Cohen N.D., Walker M.A., Watkins J.P., Gayle J.M., and Moyer W. Case-control study of risk factors for the development of laminitis in the contralateral limb in Equidae with unilateral lameness. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209 (1996) 1746-1749
110. Platt D., Bird J.L., and Bayliss M.T. Ageing of equine articular cartilage: structure and composition of aggrecan and decorin. Equine Veterinary Journal 30 (1998) 43-52
111. Polette M., and Birembaut P. Membrane-type metalloproteinases in tumor invasion. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 30 (1998) 1195-1202
112. Pollitt C.C. The basement membrane at the equine hoof dermal epidermal junction. Equine Veterinary Journal 26 (1994) 399-407
113. Pollitt C.C. Basement membrane pathology: a feature of acute equine laminitis. Equine Veterinary Journal 28 (1996) 38-46
114. Pollitt C.C., Pass M.A., and Pollitt S. Batimastat (BB-94) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases of equine laminitis. Equine Veterinary Journal Suppl. (1998) 119-124
115. Poole C.A., Flint M.H., and Beaumont B.W. Chondrons in cartilage: ultrastructural analysis of the pericellular microenvironment in adult human articular cartilages. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987) 509-522
116. Preaux A.M., Mallat A., Nhieu J.T., D'Ortho M.P., Hembry R.M., and Mavier P. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation in human hepatic fibrosis regulation by cell-matrix interactions. Hepatology 30 (1999) 944-950
117. Raulo S.M., Sorsa T., Tervahartiala T., Pirila E., and Maisi P. MMP-9 as a marker of inflammation in tracheal epithelial lining fluid (TELF) and in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of COPD horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 33 (2001) 128-136
118. Raulo S.M., Sorsa T.A., Kiili M.T., and Maisi P.S. Evaluation of collagenase activity, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62 (2001) 1142-1148
119. Raulo S.M., Sorsa T.A., and Maisi P.S. Concentrations of elastinolytic metalloproteinases in respiratory tract secretions of healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61 (2000) 1067-1073
120. Richardson D.W., and Dodge G.R. Effects of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on expression of matrix-related genes by cultured equine articular chondrocytes. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61 (2000) 624-630
121. Robinson N.E., Derksen F.J., Olszewski M.A., and Buechner-Maxwell V.A. The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of horses. The British Veterinary Journal 152 (1996) 283-306
122. Rosenberg G.A., Cunningham L.A., Wallace J., Alexander S., Estrada E.Y., Grossetete M., Razhagi A., Miller K., and Gearing A. Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases in reperfusion injury to rat brain: activation of MMP-9 linked to stromelysin-1 and microglia in cell cultures. Brain Research 893 (2001) 104-112
123. Sabatini M., Rolland G., Leonce S., Thomas M., Lesur C., Perez V., de Nanteuil G., and Bonnet J. Effects of ceramide on apoptosis, proteoglycan degradation, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in rabbit articular cartilage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 267 (2000) 438-444
124. Sakimoto T., Shoji J., and Sawa M. Active form of gelatinases in tear fluidin patients with corneal ulcer or ocular burn. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 47 (2003) 423-426
125. Saravia-Otten P., Frisan T., Thelestam M., and Gutierrez J.M. Membrane independent activation of fibroblast proMMP-2 by snake venom: novel roles for venom proteinases. Toxicon 44 (2004) 749-764
126. Sasaki K., Hattori T., Fujisawa T., Takahashi K., Inoue H., and Takigawa M. Nitric oxide mediates interleukin-1-induced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and basic fibroblast growth factor in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes. Journal of Biochemistry 123 (1998) 431-439
127. Schwartz A.J., Wilson D.A., Keegan K.G., Ganjam V.K., Sun Y., Weber K.T., and Zhang J. Factors regulating collagen synthesis and degradation during second-intention healing of wounds in the thoracic region and the distal aspect of the forelimb of horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 63 (2002) 1564-1570
128. Simonen-Jokinen T., Maisi P., Tervahartiala T., McGorum B., Pirie S., and Sorsa T. Direct activation of gelatinase B (MMP-9) by hay dust suspension and different components of organic dust. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 109 (2006) 289-295
129. Simonen-Jokinen T., Pirie R.S., McGorum B., and Maisi P. Dose responses to inhalation of endotoxin, hay dust suspension and Aspergillus fumigatus extract in horses as measured by levels and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Equine Veterinary Journal 37 (2005) 155-160
130. Simonen-Jokinen T., Pirie R.S., McGorum B.C., and Maisi P. Effect of composition and different fractions of hay dust suspension on inflammation in lungs of heaves-affected horses: MMP-9 and MMP-2 as indicators of tissue destruction. Equine Veterinary Journal 37 (2005) 412-417
131. Smith J.J., Provost P.J., and Paradis M.R. Bacterial meningitis and brain abscesses secondary to infectious disease processes involving the head in horses: seven cases (1980-2001). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 224 (2004) 739-742
132. Spiers S., May S.A., Bennett D., and Edwards G.B. Cellular sources of proteolytic enzymes in equine joints. Equine Veterinary Journal 26 (1994) 43-47
133. Spiers S., May S.A., Harrison L.J., Bennett D., and Edwards G.B. Proteolytic enzymes in equine joints with infectious arthritis. Equine Veterinary Journal 26 (1994) 48-50
134. Steinberg H.O., Brechtel G., Johnson A., Fineberg N., and Baron A.D. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 94 (1994) 1172-1179
135. Sternlicht M.D., and Werb Z. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 17 (2001) 463-516
136. Stockwell R.A. Structural and histochemical aspects of the pericellular environment in cartilage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 271 (1975) 243-245
137. Strubbe D.T., Brooks D.E., Schultz G.S., Willis-Goulet H., Gelatt K.N., Andrew S.E., Kallberg M.E., MacKay E.O., and Collante W.R. Evaluation of tear film proteinases in horses with ulcerative keratitis. Veterinary Ophthalmology 3 (2000) 111-119
138. Thompson-Chagoyan O.C., Maldonado J., and Gil A. Aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): role of intestinal microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue immune response. Clinical Nutrition 24 (2005) 339-352
139. Treiber K.H., Kronfeld D.S., and Geor R.J. Insulin resistance in equids: possible role in laminitis. The Journal of Nutrition 136 (2006) 2094S-2098S
140. Treiber K.H., Kronfeld D.S., Hess T.M., Byrd B.M., Splan R.K., and Staniar W.B. Evaluation of genetic and metabolic predispositions and nutritional risk factors for pasture-associated laminitis in ponies. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 228 (2006) 1538-1545
141. Tsuzaki M., Guyton G., Garrett W., Archambault J.M., Herzog W., Almekinders L., Bynum D., Yang X., and Banes A.J. IL-1 beta induces COX2, MMP-1, -3 and -13, ADAMTS-4, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in human tendon cells. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 21 (2003) 256-264
142. Tung J.T., Fenton J.I., Arnold C., Alexander L., Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V., Venta P.J., Peters T.L., Orth M.W., Richardson D.W., and Caron J.P. Recombinant equine interleukin-1beta induces putative mediators of articular cartilage degradation in equine chondrocytes. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 66 (2002) 19-25
143. Twining S.S., Kirschner S.E., Mahnke L.A., and Frank D.W. Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, alkaline protease, and exotoxin A on corneal proteinases and proteins. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 34 (1993) 2699-2712
144. Vachon A.M., Keeley F.W., McIlwraith C.W., and Chapman P. Biochemical analysis of normal articular cartilage in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 51 (1990) 1905-1911
145. Vaillant C., Didier-Bazes M., Hutter A., Belin M.F., and Thomasset N. Spatiotemporal expression patterns of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the postnatal developing rat cerebellum. The Journal of Neuroscience 19 (1999) 4994-5004
146. van Eps A.W., and Pollitt C.C. Equine laminitis induced with oligofructose. Equine Veterinary Journal 38 (2006) 203-208
147. Vick M.M., Adams A.A., Murphy B.A., Sessions D.R., Horohov D.W., Cook R.F., Shelton B.J., and Fitzgerald B.P. Relationships among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and insulin sensitivity in the horse. Journal of Animal Science 85 (2007) 1144-1155
148. Visse R., and Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circulation Research 92 (2003) 827-839
149. Visser M., Bouter L.M., McQuillan G.M., Wener M.H., and Harris T.B. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. The Journal of the American Medical Association 282 (1999) 2131-2135
150. Vu T.H., and Werb Z. Matrix metalloproteinases: effectors of development and normal physiology. Genes and Development 14 (2000) 2123-2133
151. Waas E.T., Wobbes T., Lomme R.M., DeGroot J., Ruers T., and Hendriks T. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activity in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. The British Journal of Surgery 90 (2003) 1556-1564
152. Walter I., Handler J., Miller I., and Aurich C. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and tissue transglutaminase (TG 2) are expressed in periglandular fibrosis in horse mares with endometrosis. Histology and Histopathology 20 (2005) 1105-1113
153. Walter I., Handler J., Reifinger M., and Aurich C. Association of endometriosis in horses with differentiation of periglandular myofibroblasts and changes of extracellular matrix proteins. Reproduction 121 (2001) 581-586
154. Weiss D.J., Evanson O.A., Green B.T., and Brown D.R. In vitro evaluation of intraluminal factors that may alter intestinal permeability in ponies with carbohydrate-induced laminitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61 (2000) 858-861
155. Werb Z. ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. Cell 91 (1997) 439-442
156. Whitelock J.M., Murdoch A.D., Iozzo R.V., and Underwood P.A. The degradation of human endothelial cell-derived perlecan and release of bound basic fibroblast growth factor by stromelysin, collagenase, plasmin, and heparanases. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (1996) 10079-10086
157. Woessner J.F. Introduction to serial reviews: the extracellular matrix. The FASEB Journal 7 (1993) 735-736
158. Yong V.W., Krekoski C.A., Forsyth P.A., Bell R., and Edwards D.R. Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS. Trends in Neurosciences 21 (1998) 75-80
159. Yong V.W., Power C., Forsyth P., and Edwards D.R. Metalloproteinases in biology and pathology of the nervous system. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2 (2001) 502-511
160. Yoshihara Y., Nakamura H., Obata K., Yamada H., Hayakawa T., Fujikawa K., and Okada Y. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 59 (2000) 455-461
161. Yuan Z.Q., Nicolson L., Marchetti B., Gault E.A., Campo M.S., and Nasir L. Transcriptional changes induced by bovine papillomavirus type 1 in equine fibroblasts. Journal of Virology 82 (2008) 6481-6491
162. Zheng H., Takahashi H., Murai Y., Cui Z., Nomoto K., Niwa H., Tsuneyama K., and Takano Y. Expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF are closely linked to growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma. Anticancer Research 26 (2006) 3579-3583
163. Zhou X., Hovell C.J., Pawley S., Hutchings M.I., Arthur M.J., Iredale J.P., and Benyon R.C. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -14 persists during early resolution of experimental liver fibrosis and might contribute to fibrolysis. Liver International 24 (2004) 492-501