메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-288

Presidents with Prime Ministers: Do Direct Elections Matter?

Author keywords

Direct presidential election; Divisive elections; Indirect presidential election; Parliamentary system; Partisan elections; Presidential activism; Semi presidential system; Voter turnout

Indexed keywords


EID: 70349880104     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199553327.001.0001     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (99)

References (415)
  • 1
    • 84922177014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [The Balanced Use of Presidential Veto-Estonia 1992-2001.] BA Thesis, University of Tartu
    • Aaskivi, Birgit 2002. Presidendi tasakaalustatud vetokasutus-Eesti 1992-2001. [The Balanced Use of Presidential Veto-Estonia 1992-2001.] BA Thesis, University of Tartu.
    • (2002) Presidendi tasakaalustatud vetokasutus-Eesti 1992-2001
    • Aaskivi, B.1
  • 2
    • 84922207110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analüüs: 66.66% häältest presidendile ehk Põhiseaduse Assamblee unistus. [Analysis: 66.66% of Votes for the President or the Dream of the Constitutional Assembly]
    • September 19
    • Aaskivi, Ülle 2001. "Analüüs: 66.66% häältest presidendile ehk Põhiseaduse Assamblee unistus. [Analysis: 66.66% of Votes for the President or the Dream of the Constitutional Assembly]." Postimees, September 19.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Aaskivi, U.1
  • 3
    • 0008177668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Lagged Dependent Variables Can Suppress the Explanatory Power of Other Independent Variables
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Methodology, Los Angeles, CA
    • Achen, Christopher H. 2000. "Why Lagged Dependent Variables Can Suppress the Explanatory Power of Other Independent Variables." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Methodology, Los Angeles, CA.
    • (2000)
    • Achen, C.H.1
  • 4
    • 84922144251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendivõitlused Põhisedause Assamblees [Fights for the Presidency in the Constitutional Assembly]
    • In Rein Toomla (ed.), [Presidency Book]. Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press
    • Adams, Jüri 2002. "Presidendivõitlused Põhisedause Assamblees [Fights for the Presidency in the Constitutional Assembly]." In Rein Toomla (ed.) Presidendiraamat [Presidency Book]. Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press. (pp. 182-9).
    • (2002) Presidendiraamat , pp. 182-189
    • Adams, J.1
  • 5
    • 7644220610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Change and Stability in Party Ideologies: Do Parties Respond to Public Opinion or to Past Election Results?
    • Adams, James, Michael Clark, Lawrence Ezrow, and Garrett Glasgow 2004. "Understanding Change and Stability in Party Ideologies: Do Parties Respond to Public Opinion or to Past Election Results?" British Journal of Political Science 34: 589-610.
    • (2004) British Journal of Political Science , vol.34 , pp. 589-610
    • Adams, J.1    Clark, M.2    Ezrow, L.3    Glasgow, G.4
  • 6
    • 84917140137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Power and Cabinet Membership Under Semi-Presidentialism
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago
    • Almeida, Acir and Seok-ju Cho 2003. "Presidential Power and Cabinet Membership Under Semi-Presidentialism." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
    • (2003)
    • Almeida, A.1    Cho, S.2
  • 7
    • 84974224102 scopus 로고
    • The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election
    • Ames, Barry 1994. "The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election." American Political Science Review 88(1): 95-111.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-111
    • Ames, B.1
  • 9
    • 33747893351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking the Parliamentary Chain of Delegation: Presidents and Non-partisan Cabinet Members in European Democracies
    • Amorim Neto, Octavio and Kaare Strøm 2006. "Breaking the Parliamentary Chain of Delegation: Presidents and Non-partisan Cabinet Members in European Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 36: 619-43.
    • (2006) British Journal of Political Science , vol.36 , pp. 619-643
    • Amorim Neto, O.1    Strøm, K.2
  • 11
    • 0031286124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy: A Cross-National Analysis of Consensus and Majoritarian Systems
    • Anderson, Christopher J. and Christine A. Guillory 1997. "Political Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy: A Cross-National Analysis of Consensus and Majoritarian Systems." American Political Science Review 91: 66-81.
    • (1997) American Political Science Review , vol.91 , pp. 66-81
    • Anderson, C.J.1    Guillory, C.A.2
  • 13
    • 84922122629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifteen Years of Constitutional Practice in Estonia: The Role of the President of the Republic
    • In Council of Europe (ed.), Strasbourg: Council of Europe
    • Annus, Taavi 2004. "Fifteen Years of Constitutional Practice in Estonia: The Role of the President of the Republic." In Council of Europe (ed.) Evaluation of Fifteen Years of Constitutional Practice in Central and Eastern Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. (pp. 23-32).
    • (2004) Evaluation of Fifteen Years of Constitutional Practice in Central and Eastern Europe , pp. 23-32
    • Annus, T.1
  • 14
    • 84922139932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents with Prime Ministers-The Impact of Direct Elections
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C
    • Annus, Taavi 2005. "Presidents with Prime Ministers-The Impact of Direct Elections." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C.
    • (2005)
    • Annus, T.1
  • 15
    • 10844270397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judicial Behavior After a Change of Regime: The Effects of Judge and Defendant Characteristics
    • Annus, Taavi and Margit Tavits 2004. "Judicial Behavior After a Change of Regime: The Effects of Judge and Defendant Characteristics." Law & Society Review 38: 711-36.
    • (2004) Law & Society Review , vol.38 , pp. 711-736
    • Annus, T.1    Tavits, M.2
  • 16
    • 77957255290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finland
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Arter, David 1999a. "Finland." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 48-66).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 48-66
    • Arter, D.1
  • 17
    • 84922111397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press
    • Annus, Taavi 1999b. Scandinavian Politics Today. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.
    • (1999) Scandinavian Politics Today
    • Annus, T.1
  • 18
    • 84922111346 scopus 로고
    • Igencirkusz [Yes-Circus]
    • January 28
    • Babus, Endre 1995. "Igencirkusz [Yes-Circus]." HVG, January 28, 9-12.
    • (1995) HVG , pp. 9-12
    • Babus, E.1
  • 19
    • 84922198662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taktikai fault [Tactical Fault]?
    • January 11
    • Annus, Taavi 1997. "Taktikai fault [Tactical Fault]?" HVG, January 11, 67-9.
    • (1997) HVG , pp. 67-69
    • Annus, T.1
  • 20
    • 84922163327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gönczi dikád [The Gönczian Decade]
    • June 10
    • Annus, Taavi 2000. "A gönczi dikád [The Gönczian Decade]." HVG June 10, 8-9.
    • (2000) HVG , pp. 8-9
    • Annus, T.1
  • 21
    • 84922201577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keresztúton [At the Cross-Road]
    • January 11, 67, 69, 71
    • Annus, Taavi 2003a. "Keresztúton [At the Cross-Road]." HVG, January 11, 67, 69, 71.
    • (2003) HVG
    • Annus, T.1
  • 22
    • 84922181101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Népköztársaság nevében [In the Name of the People's Republic]?
    • March 29, 80
    • Annus, Taavi 2003b. "A Népköztársaság nevében [In the Name of the People's Republic]?" HVG, March 29, 80.
    • (2003) HVG
    • Annus, T.1
  • 23
    • 84922192711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Konfrontációs fordulat [A Change Toward Confrontation}?
    • January 3
    • Annus, Taavi 2004. "Konfrontációs fordulat [A Change Toward Confrontation}?" HVG, January 3, 71-4.
    • (2004) HVG , pp. 71-74
    • Annus, T.1
  • 25
    • 84922118280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Köztársasági elnök kontra kormány. Az államfoi intézmény alakulása Magyarországon (1990-1994) [The President of the Republic vs the Cabinet. The Development of the Presidential Institution in Hungary (1990-1994)]
    • Accessed: July 22, 2006
    • Bakonyi, András 2005. "Köztársasági elnök kontra kormány. Az államfoi intézmény alakulása Magyarországon (1990-1994) [The President of the Republic vs the Cabinet. The Development of the Presidential Institution in Hungary (1990-1994)]" Magyar Politikatudományi Társaság. Available: . Accessed: July 22, 2006.
    • (2005) Magyar Politikatudományi Társaság
    • Bakonyi, A.1
  • 26
    • 84922188639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artikel 82
    • [Article 82.] In Dreier Horst (ed.), Constitution's Commentary.] Tübinegen: Mohr Siebeck
    • Bauer, Hartmut 2006. "Artikel 82." [Article 82.] In Dreier Horst (ed.) Grundgesetz Kommentar. [Constitution's Commentary.] Tübinegen: Mohr Siebeck. (pp. 1893-905).
    • (2006) Grundgesetz Kommentar , pp. 1893-1905
    • Bauer, H.1
  • 27
    • 84922120081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elnökválasztási licit [Presidential Bidding]
    • April 9. Accessed: July 15, 2006
    • Bayer, József 2005. "Elnökválasztási licit [Presidential Bidding]." NOL, April 9. Available: . Accessed: July 15, 2006.
    • (2005) NOL
    • Bayer, J.1
  • 28
    • 0029749856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents Versus Prime Ministers: Shaping Executive Authority in Eastern Europe
    • Baylis, Thomas A. 1996. "Presidents Versus Prime Ministers: Shaping Executive Authority in Eastern Europe." World Politics 48: 297-323.
    • (1996) World Politics , vol.48 , pp. 297-323
    • Baylis, T.A.1
  • 29
    • 84974183585 scopus 로고
    • What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time Series Cross-Section Data in Comparative Politics
    • Beck, Nathaniel and Jonathan N. Katz 1995. "What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time Series Cross-Section Data in Comparative Politics." American Political Science Review 89(3): 634-47.
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 634-647
    • Beck, N.1    Katz, J.N.2
  • 30
    • 84922166439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A kisgazdák államfoi dilemmái [The Smallholders' Presidential Dilemmas]
    • June 24
    • Bednárik, Imre 1998. "A kisgazdák államfoi dilemmái [The Smallholders' Presidential Dilemmas]." NSZ, June 24.
    • (1998) NSZ
    • Bednárik, I.1
  • 31
    • 33645673954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Powers and Consolidation of New Postcommunist Democracies
    • Beliaev, Mikhail V. 2006. "Presidential Powers and Consolidation of New Postcommunist Democracies." Comparative Political Studies 39(3): 375-98.
    • (2006) Comparative Political Studies , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-398
    • Beliaev, M.V.1
  • 32
    • 84922113503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A köztársasági elnök közjogi tevékenysége, különös tekintettel a törvények elozetes normakontrolljának indítványozására, 2000-2004 [The Activity of the President of the Republic, With Special Focus on Iniating Judicial Review, 2000-2004]
    • In Péter Sándor, László Vass, Ágnes Sándor, and Ágnes Tolnai (eds.), [The Political Yearbook of Hungary]. Budapest: DKMKKA
    • Bitskey, Botond and Pál Sonnevend 2005. "A köztársasági elnök közjogi tevékenysége, különös tekintettel a törvények elozetes normakontrolljának indítványozására, 2000-2004 [The Activity of the President of the Republic, With Special Focus on Iniating Judicial Review, 2000-2004]." In Péter Sándor, László Vass, Ágnes Sándor, and Ágnes Tolnai (eds.) Magyarország Politikai Évkönyve 2004-rol [The Political Yearbook of Hungary]. Budapest: DKMKKA. (pp. 448-62).
    • (2005) Magyarország Politikai Évkönyve 2004-rol , pp. 448-462
    • Bitskey, B.1    Sonnevend, P.2
  • 33
    • 84980314117 scopus 로고
    • Does Proportional Representation Foster Voter Turnout?
    • Blais, André and R. K. Carty 1990. "Does Proportional Representation Foster Voter Turnout?" European Journal of Political Research 18: 167-81.
    • (1990) European Journal of Political Research , vol.18 , pp. 167-181
    • Blais, A.1    Carty, R.K.2
  • 36
    • 84869567023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Powers
    • June 12
    • Bonarianto, Markus 2000. "Presidential Powers." Central Europe Review 2(23) June 12. .
    • (2000) Central Europe Review , Issue.23
    • Bonarianto, M.1
  • 37
    • 84922109790 scopus 로고
    • Baljós elojelek [Foreboding]
    • January 14. Access: July 15, 2006
    • Bossányi, Katalin 1995. "Baljós elojelek [Foreboding]." NOL, January 14. Available: . Access: July 15, 2006.
    • (1995) NOL
    • Bossányi, K.1
  • 38
    • 84922197415 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of the Draft on the Legitimacy of the Nation State
    • In S. E. Deutsch and H. Howard (eds.), New York: Harper and Row
    • Boulding, K. 1970. "The Impact of the Draft on the Legitimacy of the Nation State." In S. E. Deutsch and H. Howard (eds.) Where It's At: Radical Perspectives in Sociology. New York: Harper and Row.
    • (1970) Where It's At: Radical Perspectives in Sociology
    • Boulding, K.1
  • 40
    • 33644922399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking Redistricting: How Drawing Uncompetitive Districts Eliminates Gerrymanders, Enhances Representation, and Improves Attitudes Towards Congress
    • Brunell, Thomas L. 2005. "Rethinking Redistricting: How Drawing Uncompetitive Districts Eliminates Gerrymanders, Enhances Representation, and Improves Attitudes Towards Congress." PS: Political Science & Politics 39: 77-85.
    • (2005) PS: Political Science & Politics , vol.39 , pp. 77-85
    • Brunell, T.L.1
  • 41
    • 84922155139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Art. 82 [Article 82]
    • In Ingo von Münch and Philip Kunig (eds.), [Constitution's Commentary]. Munich: C.H. Beck
    • Bryde, Brun-Otto 2003. "Art. 82 [Article 82]." In Ingo von Münch and Philip Kunig (eds.) Grundgesetz Kommentar [Constitution's Commentary]. Munich: C.H. Beck. (pp. 279-92).
    • (2003) Grundgesetz Kommentar , pp. 279-292
    • Bryde, B.-O.1
  • 42
    • 0002665835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents and the Transition in Eastern Europe
    • In Kurt von Mettenheim (ed.), Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Bunce, Valerie 1997. "Presidents and the Transition in Eastern Europe." In Kurt von Mettenheim (ed.) Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (pp. 161-76).
    • (1997) Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics , pp. 161-176
    • Bunce, V.1
  • 43
    • 0042399635 scopus 로고
    • [Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Count]. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck)
    • Bundesverfassungsgericht 1952. Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts [Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Count]. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
    • (1952) Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
  • 44
    • 84922155179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Bundesversammlung und die Wahl des Bundespräsidenten-Rechtliche Grundlagen und Staatspraxis
    • [The Federal Convention and the Presidential Election-the Legal Bases and Practice.]
    • Burkiczak, Christian 2004. "Die Bundesversammlung und die Wahl des Bundespräsidenten-Rechtliche Grundlagen und Staatspraxis." [The Federal Convention and the Presidential Election-the Legal Bases and Practice.] JuS 4: 278.
    • (2004) JuS , vol.4 , pp. 278
    • Burkiczak, C.1
  • 45
    • 84974184070 scopus 로고
    • Coat-Tail Voting in Recent Presidential Elections
    • Calvert, Randall and John Ferejohn 1983. "Coat-Tail Voting in Recent Presidential Elections." American Political Science Review 77(2): 407-19.
    • (1983) American Political Science Review , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 407-419
    • Calvert, R.1    Ferejohn, J.2
  • 50
    • 84922106435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rightists to join Austria's Cabinet
    • February 4, A1
    • Cohen, Roger 2000. "Rightists to join Austria's Cabinet." The New York Times, February 4, A1.
    • (2000) The New York Times
    • Cohen, R.1
  • 52
    • 84922193831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focus: Turkish MKTS Under Pressure on Political Tensions
    • May 1
    • Connagahn, Clare 2007. "Focus: Turkish MKTS Under Pressure on Political Tensions." Dow Jones Newswires, May 1.
    • (2007) Dow Jones Newswires
    • Connagahn, C.1
  • 54
    • 0030306581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Did the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections Grow?
    • Cox, Gary W. and Jonathan N. Katz 1996. "Why Did the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections Grow?" American Journal of Political Research 40: 478-97.
    • (1996) American Journal of Political Research , vol.40 , pp. 478-497
    • Cox, G.W.1    Katz, J.N.2
  • 55
    • 84922199755 scopus 로고
    • Four Candidates Officially Proposed for Slovak Presidency
    • January 19
    • CTK National News Wire 1993a. "Four Candidates Officially Proposed for Slovak Presidency." January 19.
    • (1993)
  • 56
    • 84922201584 scopus 로고
    • Third Round of Voting in Slovak Presidential Elections Likely
    • January 26
    • CTK National News Wire 1993b. "Third Round of Voting in Slovak Presidential Elections Likely." January 26.
    • (1993)
  • 57
    • 84922147821 scopus 로고
    • None of the Four Candidates for Slovak President Elected
    • January 26
    • CTK National News Wire 1993c. "None of the Four Candidates for Slovak President Elected." January 26.
    • (1993)
  • 58
    • 84922109653 scopus 로고
    • Slovak Parliament Fails to Elect President in Run-off Election
    • January 27
    • CTK National News Wire 1993d. "Slovak Parliament Fails to Elect President in Run-off Election." January 27.
    • (1993)
  • 59
    • 84922137152 scopus 로고
    • Slovak Presidential Candidates' Profiles
    • January 27
    • CTK National News Wire 1993e. "Slovak Presidential Candidates' Profiles." January 27.
    • (1993)
  • 60
    • 84922171810 scopus 로고
    • Survey of Czech Press
    • January 27
    • CTK National News Wire 1993f. "Survey of Czech Press." January 27.
    • (1993)
  • 61
    • 84922188887 scopus 로고
    • Slovak National Party Rejects Filkus's Candidacy for President
    • February 4
    • CTK National News Wire 1993g. "Slovak National Party Rejects Filkus's Candidacy for President." February 4.
    • (1993)
  • 62
    • 84922209513 scopus 로고
    • Major Parties Without HZDS Favor Rector for Slovak President
    • February 7
    • CTK National News Wire 1993h. "Major Parties Without HZDS Favor Rector for Slovak President." February 7.
    • (1993)
  • 63
    • 84922130829 scopus 로고
    • Michal Kovac Sole Candidate for Slovak President in New Voting
    • February 9
    • CTK National News Wire 1993i. "Michal Kovac Sole Candidate for Slovak President in New Voting." February 9.
    • (1993)
  • 64
    • 84922140479 scopus 로고
    • SDL Will Support Michal Kovac's Candidacy for Slovak President
    • February 14
    • CTK National News Wire 1993 j. "SDL Will Support Michal Kovac's Candidacy for Slovak President." February 14.
    • (1993)
  • 65
    • 84922188113 scopus 로고
    • Slovak President-Elect Wants Talks with All Political Parties
    • February 15
    • CTK National News Wire 1993k. "Slovak President-Elect Wants Talks with All Political Parties." February 15.
    • (1993)
  • 66
    • 84922152831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most People Favour Direct Presidential Elections
    • February, 14
    • CTK National News Wire 1997. "Most People Favour Direct Presidential Elections." February, 14.
    • (1997)
  • 67
    • 68049084392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slovaks Overwhelmingly in Favour of Electing President-Poll
    • April 17
    • CTK National News Wire 1998a. "Slovaks Overwhelmingly in Favour of Electing President-Poll." April 17.
    • (1998)
  • 68
    • 84922151015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petition for Direct Presidential Elections Successful
    • April 23
    • CTK National News Wire 1998b. "Petition for Direct Presidential Elections Successful." April 23.
    • (1998)
  • 69
    • 84922142822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two Thirds of Slovaks for Direct Presidential Elections-Poll
    • April 27
    • CTK National News Wire 1998c. "Two Thirds of Slovaks for Direct Presidential Elections-Poll." April 27.
    • (1998)
  • 70
    • 84922206069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slovakia Still Without President After Ninth Attempt
    • July 9
    • CTK National News Wire 1998d. "Slovakia Still Without President After Ninth Attempt." July 9.
    • (1998)
  • 71
    • 68049106989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most Czechs Would Prefer to Elect Their President Directly
    • October 1
    • CTK National News Wire 1998e. "Most Czechs Would Prefer to Elect Their President Directly." October 1.
    • (1998)
  • 72
    • 84922111915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for Meciar Falling, Dzurinda's Popularity Growing-Poll
    • November 25
    • CTK National News Wire 1998f. "Support for Meciar Falling, Dzurinda's Popularity Growing-Poll." November 25.
    • (1998)
  • 73
    • 84922162669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slovak Press Survey
    • April 30
    • CTK National News Wire 1999a. "Slovak Press Survey." April 30.
    • (1999)
  • 74
    • 84922141402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four out of Five Czechs Support Direct Presidential Election-Poll
    • September 29
    • CTK National News Wire 1999b. "Four out of Five Czechs Support Direct Presidential Election-Poll." September 29.
    • (1999)
  • 75
    • 84922159355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three Quarters of Czechs Favor Direct Presidential Election-Poll
    • February 20
    • CTK National News Wire 2000a. "Three Quarters of Czechs Favor Direct Presidential Election-Poll." February 20.
    • (2000)
  • 76
    • 68049113193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Should be Elected by People
    • May 30
    • CTK National News Wire 2000b. "President Should be Elected by People." May 30.
    • (2000)
  • 77
    • 84922117365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most Czechs for Direct Presidential Elections-Poll
    • December 6
    • CTK National News Wire 2001. "Most Czechs for Direct Presidential Elections-Poll." December 6.
    • (2001)
  • 78
    • 84922204566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most Czechs Favor Direct Election, Motejl for President-Poll
    • October 17
    • CTK National News Wire 2002. "Most Czechs Favor Direct Election, Motejl for President-Poll." October 17.
    • (2002)
  • 79
    • 84922144433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More and More People Want Direct Presidential Elections-Poll
    • February 26
    • CTK National News Wire 2003. "More and More People Want Direct Presidential Elections-Poll." February 26.
    • (2003)
  • 80
    • 68049085377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct Presidential Poll Meaningless Without Changed Power
    • May 28
    • CTK National News Wire 2004a. "Direct Presidential Poll Meaningless Without Changed Power." May 28.
    • (2004)
  • 81
    • 84922209812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision on Direct Presidential Election Postponed Indefinitely
    • September 21
    • CTK National News Wire 2004b. "Decision on Direct Presidential Election Postponed Indefinitely." September 21.
    • (2004)
  • 82
    • 68049083336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most Czechs Continue to Prefer Direct Presidential Election-Poll
    • May 31
    • CTK National News Wire 2005. "Most Czechs Continue to Prefer Direct Presidential Election-Poll." May 31.
    • (2005)
  • 83
    • 0003785530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Haven: Yale University Press
    • Dahl, Robert 1998. On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    • (1998) On Democracy
    • Dahl, R.1
  • 84
  • 85
    • 84922198947 scopus 로고
    • Bill May Go to Supreme Court Tomorrow
    • March 17
    • De Breadun, Deaglan 1995. "Bill May Go to Supreme Court Tomorrow." The Irish Times, March 17.
    • (1995) The Irish Times
    • De Breadun, D.1
  • 87
    • 25144489190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or Nordic Exceptionalism?
    • Delhey, Jan and Kenneth Newton 2005. "Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or Nordic Exceptionalism?" European Sociological Review 21: 311-27.
    • (2005) European Sociological Review , vol.21 , pp. 311-327
    • Delhey, J.1    Newton, K.2
  • 88
    • 84922119619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General and Senatorial Elections in Poland, 25th September 2005, Presidential Election, 9th October 2005
    • In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.), Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman
    • Deloy, Corinne 2005a. "General and Senatorial Elections in Poland, 25th September 2005, Presidential Election, 9th October 2005." In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.) European Elections Monitor. Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman.
    • (2005) European Elections Monitor
    • Deloy, C.1
  • 89
    • 84922165099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberal Donald Tusk Is Ahead of the Conservative Lech Kaczynski in the First Round of the Presidential Election
    • In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.), Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman
    • Deloy, Corinne 2005b. "Liberal Donald Tusk Is Ahead of the Conservative Lech Kaczynski in the First Round of the Presidential Election." In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.) European Elections Monitor. Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman.
    • (2005) European Elections Monitor
    • Deloy, C.1
  • 90
    • 84922199198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Election in Poland, a Round Up With One Week to Go
    • In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.), Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman
    • Deloy, Corinne 2005c. "Presidential Election in Poland, a Round Up With One Week to Go." In Foundation Robert Schuman (ed.) European Elections Monitor. Paris: Foundation Robert Schuman.
    • (2005) European Elections Monitor
    • Deloy, C.1
  • 91
    • 84922142951 scopus 로고
    • Ki lesz az elnök? [Who Will Be the President?]
    • February 28
    • Dési, János 1995. "Ki lesz az elnök? [Who Will Be the President?]" MH, February 28.
    • (1995) MH
    • Dési, J.1
  • 92
    • 84922174531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dagmar Schipanski: East German Scientist Seeks Presidency
    • May 23
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 1999a. "Dagmar Schipanski: East German Scientist Seeks Presidency." May 23.
    • (1999)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 93
    • 84922207251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germany Electing New President-This Time in Historic Reichstag
    • May 23
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 1999b. "Germany Electing New President-This Time in Historic Reichstag." May 23.
    • (1999)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 94
    • 84922108063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johannes Rau-Devout Leader Mixes Consensus and Wit
    • May 23
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 1999c. "Johannes Rau-Devout Leader Mixes Consensus and Wit." May 23.
    • (1999)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 95
    • 84922207913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roman Herzog-Germany's Straight-Talking President
    • May 23
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 1999d. "Roman Herzog-Germany's Straight-Talking President." May 23.
    • (1999)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 96
    • 84922139361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German Opposition in New Search for Presidential Candidate
    • March 3
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 2004a. "German Opposition in New Search for Presidential Candidate." March 3.
    • (2004)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 97
    • 84922151749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reform Waves Expected from Likely German President
    • May 18
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 2004b. "Reform Waves Expected from Likely German President." May 18.
    • (2004)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 98
    • 84922118620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schröder Setback-ex-IMF Chief Elected German President
    • May 23
    • Deutsche Presse-Agentur 2004c. "Schröder Setback-ex-IMF Chief Elected German President." May 23.
    • (2004)
    • Presse-Agentur, D.1
  • 101
    • 0040992483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Irish Presidential Election 1997
    • Doyle, John 1998. "The Irish Presidential Election 1997." Irish Political Studies 13: 135-44.
    • (1998) Irish Political Studies , vol.13 , pp. 135-144
    • Doyle, J.1
  • 104
    • 84985817897 scopus 로고
    • A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government
    • Duverger, Maurice 1980. "A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government." European Journal of Political Research 8(2): 165-87.
    • (1980) European Journal of Political Research , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-187
    • Duverger, M.1
  • 105
    • 84922116362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitution Watch: Slovakia
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • East European Constitutional Review 1997. "Constitution Watch: Slovakia." 6(2&3), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1997) , vol.6 , Issue.2-3
  • 106
    • 84922163147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitution Watch: Slovakia
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • East European Constitutional Review 1998a. "Constitution Watch: Slovakia." 7(1), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1998) , vol.7 , Issue.1
  • 107
    • 84922189549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitution Watch: Poland
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • East European Constitutional Review 1998b. "Constitution Watch: Poland." 7(2), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1998) , vol.7 , Issue.2
  • 108
    • 84922163147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitution Watch: Slovakia
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • East European Constitutional Review 1998c. "Constitution Watch: Slovakia" 7(2), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1998) , vol.7 , Issue.2
  • 109
    • 84922201862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitution Watch: Slovakia
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • East European Constitutional Review 1999. "Constitution Watch: Slovakia." 8(3), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1999) , vol.8 , Issue.3
  • 110
    • 84922150344 scopus 로고
    • Italy: Too Many Checks, Not Enough Balance
    • October 27
    • Economist 1979. "Italy: Too Many Checks, Not Enough Balance." October 27.
    • (1979)
  • 111
    • 0041195180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of Executive Politics: A Framework for the Study of Executive Power Relations in Parliamentary and Semi-presidential Regimes
    • Elgie, Robert 1997. "Models of Executive Politics: A Framework for the Study of Executive Power Relations in Parliamentary and Semi-presidential Regimes." Political Studies 45: 217-31.
    • (1997) Political Studies , vol.45 , pp. 217-231
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 112
    • 0032219649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Classification of Democratic Regime Types: Conceptual Ambiguity and Contestable Assumptions
    • Elgie, Robert 1998. "The Classification of Democratic Regime Types: Conceptual Ambiguity and Contestable Assumptions. European Journal of Political Research 33: 219-38.
    • (1998) European Journal of Political Research , vol.33 , pp. 219-238
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 114
    • 0012269113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Semi-Presidentialism
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Elgie, Robert 1999b. "The Politics of Semi-Presidentialism." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 1-22).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 1-22
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 115
    • 13344293142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-Presidentialism: Concepts, Consequences and Contesting Explanations
    • Elgie, Robert 2004. "Semi-Presidentialism: Concepts, Consequences and Contesting Explanations." Political Studies Review 2: 314-30.
    • (2004) Political Studies Review , vol.2 , pp. 314-330
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 116
    • 23744490983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Fresh Look at Semipresidentialism
    • Elgie, Robert 2005. "A Fresh Look at Semipresidentialism." Journal of Democracy 16(3): 98-112.
    • (2005) Journal of Democracy , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 98-112
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 119
    • 70349846953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Semi-Presidentialism on the Performance of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe
    • In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.), Manchester: Manchester University Press
    • Elgie, Robert 2008b. "The Impact of Semi-Presidentialism on the Performance of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe." In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    • (2008) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe
    • Elgie, R.1
  • 120
    • 0037488938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afterword: The Making of Postcommunist Presidencies
    • In Ray Tar a s ( ed. ), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Elster, Jon 1997. "Afterword: The Making of Postcommunist Presidencies." In Ray Tar a s ( ed. ) Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 225-37).
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents , pp. 225-237
    • Elster, J.1
  • 121
    • 53349177065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turnout Around the Globe: The Influence of Electoral Institutions on National Voter Participation, 1972-2000
    • forthcoming
    • Endersby, James W. and Jonathan T. Krieckhaus 2008. "Turnout Around the Globe: The Influence of Electoral Institutions on National Voter Participation, 1972-2000." Electoral Studies, forthcoming.
    • (2008) Electoral Studies
    • Endersby, J.W.1    Krieckhaus, J.T.2
  • 122
    • 33645743974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance Still Matters: Explaining Trust in Government in the Dominican Republic
    • Espinal, Rosario, Jonathan Hartlyn, and Jana Morgan Kelly 2006. "Performance Still Matters: Explaining Trust in Government in the Dominican Republic." Comparative Political Studies 39: 200-23.
    • (2006) Comparative Political Studies , vol.39 , pp. 200-223
    • Espinal, R.1    Hartlyn, J.2    Kelly, J.M.3
  • 126
    • 84935947198 scopus 로고
    • Presidential Coat-Tails in Historical Perspective
    • Ferejohn, John and Randall Calvert 1984. "Presidential Coat-Tails in Historical Perspective." American Journal of Political Science 28(1): 127-46.
    • (1984) American Journal of Political Science , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-146
    • Ferejohn, J.1    Calvert, R.2
  • 129
    • 0035080317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Slovak Presidential Election, May 1999
    • Fitzmaurice, John. 2001. "The Slovak Presidential Election, May 1999." Electoral Studies 20: 321-25.
    • (2001) Electoral Studies , vol.20 , pp. 321-325
    • Fitzmaurice, J.1
  • 130
    • 84937294267 scopus 로고
    • Presidential Coattails in Open-Seat Elections
    • Flemming, Gregory N. 1995. "Presidential Coattails in Open-Seat Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(2): 197-212.
    • (1995) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-212
    • Flemming, G.N.1
  • 131
    • 4644359047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, 1980-2000
    • Fornos, Carolina A., Timothy J. Power, and James C. Garand 2004. "Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, 1980-2000." Comparative Political Studies 37: 909-40.
    • (2004) Comparative Political Studies , vol.37 , pp. 909-940
    • Fornos, C.A.1    Power, T.J.2    Garand, J.C.3
  • 132
    • 84922122539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Too Much Democracy? How Elections to the European Parliament Depress Turnout at National Elections in Europe
    • Paper presented at the Congress of the European Consortium of Political Research, Marburg
    • Franklin, Mark N. 2003. "Too Much Democracy? How Elections to the European Parliament Depress Turnout at National Elections in Europe." Paper presented at the Congress of the European Consortium of Political Research, Marburg.
    • (2003)
    • Franklin, M.N.1
  • 133
    • 0031500135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-communist Presidencies
    • Frye, Timothy 1997. "A Politics of Institutional Choice: Post-communist Presidencies." Comparative Political Studies 30: 523-52.
    • (1997) Comparative Political Studies , vol.30 , pp. 523-552
    • Frye, T.1
  • 134
    • 84870258816 scopus 로고
    • The President, the People and the Constitution
    • In Brian Farrell (ed.), Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
    • Gallagher, Michael 1988. "The President, the People and the Constitution." In Brian Farrell (ed.) De Valera's Constitution and Ours. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. (pp. 75-92).
    • (1988) De Valera's Constitution and Ours , pp. 75-92
    • Gallagher, M.1
  • 135
    • 70450252545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ireland
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Gallagher, Michael 1999. "Ireland." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 104-23).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 104-123
    • Gallagher, M.1
  • 136
    • 84870279625 scopus 로고
    • The 1990 Presidential Election: Implications for the Future
    • In Ronald J. Hill and Michael Marsh (eds.), Dublin: Irish Academic Press
    • Gallagher, Michael and Michael Marsh 1993. "The 1990 Presidential Election: Implications for the Future." In Ronald J. Hill and Michael Marsh (eds.) Modern Irish Democracy: Essays in Honour of Basil Chubb. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. (pp. 62-81).
    • (1993) Modern Irish Democracy: Essays in Honour of Basil Chubb , pp. 62-81
    • Gallagher, M.1    Marsh, M.2
  • 137
    • 0009051220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulgaria
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Ganev, Venelin I. 1999. "Bulgaria." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 124-49).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 124-149
    • Ganev, V.I.1
  • 138
    • 33747152630 scopus 로고
    • The Demise of the Fianna Fáil/Labour "Partnership" Government and the Rise of the "Rainbow" Coalition
    • Garry, John 1995. "The Demise of the Fianna Fáil/Labour "Partnership" Government and the Rise of the "Rainbow" Coalition." Irish Political Studies 10: 192-9.
    • (1995) Irish Political Studies , vol.10 , pp. 192-199
    • Garry, J.1
  • 139
    • 84922183604 scopus 로고
    • Theodor Körner
    • In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.), [Politicians]. Vienna: Manzsche Verlags-und Universitätsbuchhandlung
    • Gerlich, Peter 1995. "Theodor Körner." In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.) Die Politiker [Politicians]. Vienna: Manzsche Verlags-und Universitätsbuchhandlung. (pp. 307-13).
    • (1995) Die Politiker , pp. 307-313
    • Gerlich, P.1
  • 140
    • 33645120064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining Voter Turnout: A Review of Aggregate-Level Research
    • Geys, Benny 2006. "Explaining Voter Turnout: A Review of Aggregate-Level Research." Electoral Studies 25: 637-63.
    • (2006) Electoral Studies , vol.25 , pp. 637-663
    • Geys, B.1
  • 141
    • 8744290674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democratic Electoral Systems Around the World, 1946-2000
    • Golder, Matt 2005. "Democratic Electoral Systems Around the World, 1946-2000." Electoral Studies 24: 103-21.
    • (2005) Electoral Studies , vol.24 , pp. 103-121
    • Golder, M.1
  • 142
    • 33644969195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Coattails and Legislative Fragmentation
    • Golder, Matt 2006. "Presidential Coattails and Legislative Fragmentation." American Journal of Political Science 50(1): 34-48.
    • (2006) American Journal of Political Science , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-48
    • Golder, M.1
  • 145
    • 84922119435 scopus 로고
    • Franz Jonas
    • In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.), [Politicians]. Vienna: Manzsche Verlags-und Universitätsbuchhandlung
    • Gutschner, Peter 1995. "Franz Jonas." In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.) Die Politiker [Politicians]. Vienna: Manzsche Verlags-und Universitätsbuchhandlung. (pp. 250-6).
    • (1995) Die Politiker , pp. 250-256
    • Gutschner, P.1
  • 146
    • 84922150318 scopus 로고
    • Did the President Overstep the Constitutional Mark?
    • October 31
    • Gwynn, David 1995. "Did the President Overstep the Constitutional Mark?" The Irish Times, October 31.
    • (1995) The Irish Times
    • Gwynn, D.1
  • 147
    • 84922150529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Court Annuls Turkish Presidential Vote
    • May 1
    • Hacaoglu, Selcan 2007. "Court Annuls Turkish Presidential Vote." Guardian Unlimited, May 1.
    • (2007) Guardian Unlimited
    • Hacaoglu, S.1
  • 149
    • 84882185256 scopus 로고
    • Der Bundespräsident [The Federal President]
    • In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, Herbert Gottweis, Franz Horner, Helmust Karner, Volkmar Lauber, Wolfgang C. Müller, and Emmerich Tálos (eds.)., [Handbook of the Austrian Political System]. Vienna: Manz
    • Heinrich, Hans-Georg and Manfried Welan 1991. "Der Bundespräsident [The Federal President]." In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, Herbert Gottweis, Franz Horner, Helmust Karner, Volkmar Lauber, Wolfgang C. Müller, and Emmerich Tálos (eds.). Handbuch des politischen Systems Österreichs [Handbook of the Austrian Political System]. Vienna: Manz. (pp. 134-9).
    • (1991) Handbuch des politischen Systems Österreichs , pp. 134-139
    • Heinrich, H.-G.1    Welan, M.2
  • 150
    • 68349165047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How's Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being
    • National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 11988
    • Helliwell, John F. and Haifang Huang 2006. "How's Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 11988.
    • (2006)
    • Helliwell, J.F.1    Huang, H.2
  • 151
    • 0002460110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutions and Economic Reform in the Postcommunist Transitions
    • Hellman, J. 1996. "Constitutions and Economic Reform in the Postcommunist Transitions." East European Constitutional Review 5: 46-53.
    • (1996) East European Constitutional Review , vol.5 , pp. 46-53
    • Hellman, J.1
  • 152
    • 84922184126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poll: President Halonen Remains Very Popular
    • December 27
    • Helsingin Sanomat 2005. "Poll: President Halonen Remains Very Popular." Helsingin Sanomat, December 27.
    • (2005) Helsingin Sanomat
    • Sanomat, H.1
  • 154
    • 0036814531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Division and Voter Confusion: Australia's Republic Referendum in 1999
    • Higley, John and Ian McAllister 2002. "Elite Division and Voter Confusion: Australia's Republic Referendum in 1999." European Journal of Political Research 41: 845-61.
    • (2002) European Journal of Political Research , vol.41 , pp. 845-861
    • Higley, J.1    McAllister, I.2
  • 156
    • 84922157551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tulviste kutsub presidendivalimistel parteilist distsipliini hül-gama. [Tulviste Calls for Abandoning Party Discipline in Presidential Elections]
    • August 14
    • Ideon, Ago 2001a. "Tulviste kutsub presidendivalimistel parteilist distsipliini hül-gama. [Tulviste Calls for Abandoning Party Discipline in Presidential Elections]." Postimees, August 14.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 157
    • 84922205467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laar: presidendivalikut saab nurjata. [Laar: The Presidential Election Can Be Ruined]
    • September 5
    • Ideon, Ago 2001b. "Laar: presidendivalikut saab nurjata. [Laar: The Presidential Election Can Be Ruined]." Postimees, September 5.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 158
    • 84922154536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnold Rüütel kerkis Savi ja Tulviste kõrvale. [Arnold Rüütel's Support Equalized with that of Savi and Tulviste]
    • September 7
    • Ideon, Ago 2001c. "Arnold Rüütel kerkis Savi ja Tulviste kõrvale. [Arnold Rüütel's Support Equalized with that of Savi and Tulviste]." Postimees, September 7.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 159
    • 84922145628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kolmandik rahvast ennustab Savi võitu. [A Third of the Population Is Predicting Savi's Victory]
    • September 21
    • Ideon, Ago 2001d. "Kolmandik rahvast ennustab Savi võitu. [A Third of the Population Is Predicting Savi's Victory]." Postimees, September 21.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 160
    • 84922106297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erakonnad lubavad Rüütli omaks võtta. [The Political Parties Promised to Adopt Rüütel]
    • September 22
    • Ideon, Ago 2001e. "Erakonnad lubavad Rüütli omaks võtta. [The Political Parties Promised to Adopt Rüütel]." Postimees, September 22.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 161
    • 84922166957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Andres Tarand: president Rüütlilt ei peagi ekstrasähvatust tulema. [Andres Tarand: President Rüütel Does Not Need To Be Extra Splashy]
    • September 26
    • Ideon, Ago 2001f. "Andres Tarand: president Rüütlilt ei peagi ekstrasähvatust tulema. [Andres Tarand: President Rüütel Does Not Need To Be Extra Splashy]." Postimees, September 26.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 162
    • 84922179789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnold Rüütli Presidenditriumf Kergitas Rahvaliidu Soosingut [The Presidential Triumph of Arnold Rüütel Improved the People's Party's Rating]
    • October 10
    • Ideon, Ago 2001g. "Arnold Rüütli Presidenditriumf Kergitas Rahvaliidu Soosingut [The Presidential Triumph of Arnold Rüütel Improved the People's Party's Rating]." Postimees, October 10.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ideon, A.1
  • 163
    • 84922138060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendi voli ja lubadused ["Presidential Power and Promises]
    • September 18
    • Ilves, Toomas Hendrik 2001. Presidendi voli ja lubadused ["Presidential Power and Promises]." Postimees, September 18.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Ilves, T.H.1
  • 165
    • 84974022210 scopus 로고
    • Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies
    • Jackman, Robert W. 1987. "Political Institutions and Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies." American Political Science Review 81: 405-23.
    • (1987) American Political Science Review , vol.81 , pp. 405-423
    • Jackman, R.W.1
  • 166
    • 84970366520 scopus 로고
    • Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies during the 1980s
    • Jackman, Robert W. and Ross A. Miller 1995. "Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies during the 1980s." Comparative Political Studies 27: 467-92.
    • (1995) Comparative Political Studies , vol.27 , pp. 467-492
    • Jackman, R.W.1    Miller, R.A.2
  • 169
    • 0040142803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poland: Wałesa's Legacy to the Presidency
    • In Ray Taras (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Jasiewicz, Krzysztof 1997a. "Poland: Wałesa's Legacy to the Presidency." In Ray Taras (ed.) Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 130-67).
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents , pp. 130-167
    • Jasiewicz, K.1
  • 174
    • 84922186691 scopus 로고
    • Az elnök hatalma [The Power of the President]
    • August 6
    • Javorniczky, István 1990. "Az elnök hatalma [The Power of the President]." MN, August 6.
    • (1990) MN
    • Javorniczky, I.1
  • 175
    • 84922120925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Words as Deeds]. Gütersloch: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung
    • Jochum, Michael 2000. Worteals Taten [Words as Deeds]. Gütersloch: Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung.
    • (2000) Worteals Taten
    • Jochum, M.1
  • 177
    • 84922178315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Az SZDSZ nem vesz részt az allamf oválasztáson [The SZDSZ Will Not Vote at the Election of the President]
    • MH, May 30. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • Joó Haijnalka and Gergely Varga 2005. "Az SZDSZ nem vesz részt az allamf oválasztáson [The SZDSZ Will Not Vote at the Election of the President]." MH, May 30. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
    • Joó, H.1    Varga, G.2
  • 178
    • 84922145646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Köievedu praeguse presidendi ja Riigikogu vahel loob rutiini järgmistele [The Relations Between the Current President and the Parliament will set the Stage for the Successors]
    • April 22
    • Kaalep, Tiina 1998. "Köievedu praeguse presidendi ja Riigikogu vahel loob rutiini järgmistele [The Relations Between the Current President and the Parliament will set the Stage for the Successors]." Postimees, April 22.
    • (1998) Postimees
    • Kaalep, T.1
  • 179
    • 84922151394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rüütli valimist presidendiks peab oigeks kolmveerand rahvast [Three Quarters of the Population Approve Electing Rüütel for President]
    • October 22
    • Kagge, Rasmus 2001. "Rüütli valimist presidendiks peab oigeks kolmveerand rahvast [Three Quarters of the Population Approve Electing Rüütel for President]." Postimees, October 22.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Kagge, R.1
  • 180
    • 84922187141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ilvese suurimad toetajad on kõrgharidusega naised [The Greatest Supporters of Ilves are Highly Educated Women]
    • October 11
    • Kagge, Rasmus 2006. "Ilvese suurimad toetajad on kõrgharidusega naised [The Greatest Supporters of Ilves are Highly Educated Women]." Postimees, October 11.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Kagge, R.1
  • 181
    • 84922134037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riigipea otsevalimine muutub ebatõenäoliseks [The Direct Election of the Head of State is Becoming Unrealistic]
    • December 31
    • Kalamees, Kai 2003. "Riigipea otsevalimine muutub ebatõenäoliseks [The Direct Election of the Head of State is Becoming Unrealistic]." Eesti Päevaleht, December 31.
    • (2003) Eesti Päevaleht
    • Kalamees, K.1
  • 182
    • 84922210095 scopus 로고
    • President to Refer Matrimonial Home Bill to Supreme Court
    • November 26
    • Kennedy, Geraldine 1993. "President to Refer Matrimonial Home Bill to Supreme Court." The Irish Times, November 26.
    • (1993) The Irish Times
    • Kennedy, G.1
  • 183
    • 84922165170 scopus 로고
    • Marital Home Bill Ruling Severe Blow to Government
    • January 25
    • Kennedy, Geraldine 1994. "Marital Home Bill Ruling Severe Blow to Government." The Irish Times, January 25.
    • (1994) The Irish Times
    • Kennedy, G.1
  • 184
    • 84922125140 scopus 로고
    • [After Collapse]. Budapest: Kossuth
    • Kéri, Lászlo 1991. Összeomlás után [After Collapse]. Budapest: Kossuth.
    • (1991) Összeomlás után
    • Kéri, L.1
  • 185
    • 0004170130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: The Free Press
    • King, Anthony 1999. Running Scared. New York: The Free Press.
    • (1999) Running Scared
    • King, A.1
  • 187
    • 84922110270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendivalimiste kaitseks, nagu nad on [In Defense of Presidential Elections, the Way They Are]
    • September 7
    • Kivirähk, Juhan 2001. "Presidendivalimiste kaitseks, nagu nad on [In Defense of Presidential Elections, the Way They Are]." Postimees, September 7.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Kivirähk, J.1
  • 188
    • 84922122537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President võttis Kerdilt ameti [The President Dismissed Kert]
    • January 7
    • Klaas, Kaarel and Toomas Sildam 2000. "President võttis Kerdilt ameti [The President Dismissed Kert]." Postimees, January 7.
    • (2000) Postimees
    • Klaas, K.1    Sildam, T.2
  • 194
    • 84922195575 scopus 로고
    • [Theoder Körner, Military and Politics]. Vienna: Verlag für Geschichte und Politik
    • Kollmann, Eric C. 1973. Theodor Körner, Militär und Politik [Theoder Körner, Military and Politics]. Vienna: Verlag für Geschichte und Politik.
    • (1973) Theodor Körner, Militär und Politik
    • Kollmann, E.C.1
  • 195
    • 84922173892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prospects for Schuster's Slovakia
    • Accessed: November 20, 2006
    • Kopanic, Michael J. 1999. "The Prospects for Schuster's Slovakia." Central European Review 1(1), available at . Accessed: November 20, 2006.
    • (1999) Central European Review , vol.1 , Issue.1
    • Kopanic, M.J.1
  • 196
    • 84922114838 scopus 로고
    • Die Beurkundung der Bundesgesetze durch den Bundespräsidenten [Promulgation of Federal Laws by the Federal President]
    • In Alois Mock and Herbert Schambeck (eds.), [Accountability in Our Times. Festschrift for Rudolf Kirchschläger]. Vienna: Österreichisches Staatsdruckerei
    • Korniek, Karl 1990. "Die Beurkundung der Bundesgesetze durch den Bundespräsidenten [Promulgation of Federal Laws by the Federal President]." In Alois Mock and Herbert Schambeck (eds.) Verantwortung in underer Zeit. Festschrift für Rudolf Kirchschläger [Accountability in Our Times. Festschrift for Rudolf Kirchschläger]. Vienna: Österreichisches Staatsdruckerei. (pp. 121-6).
    • (1990) Verantwortung in underer Zeit. Festschrift für Rudolf Kirchschläger , pp. 121-126
    • Korniek, K.1
  • 197
    • 0004209930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [The Hungarian Political System]. Budapest: Osiris
    • Körösényi, András 1998. A magyar politikai rendszer [The Hungarian Political System]. Budapest: Osiris.
    • (1998) A magyar politikai rendszer
    • Körösényi, A.1
  • 198
    • 84922130809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Serious and the Ridiculous
    • Kosć, Wojtek 2000a. "The Serious and the Ridiculous." Central Europe Review 2(29).
    • (2000) Central Europe Review , vol.2 , Issue.29
    • Kosć, W.1
  • 199
    • 84922177046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridiculing the Holy Father
    • Kosć, Wojtek 2000b. "Ridiculing the Holy Father." Central Europe Review 2(33).
    • (2000) Central Europe Review , vol.2 , Issue.33
    • Kosć, W.1
  • 200
    • 84922121234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Here He Comes Again
    • Kosć, Wojtek 2000c. "Here He Comes Again." Central Europe Review 2(35).
    • (2000) Central Europe Review , vol.2 , Issue.35
    • Kosć, W.1
  • 201
    • 0142138138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voter Turnout Dynamics in Post-Communist Europe
    • Kostadinova, Tatiana 2003. "Voter Turnout Dynamics in Post-Communist Europe." European Journal of Political Research 42: 741-59.
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Research , vol.42 , pp. 741-759
    • Kostadinova, T.1
  • 202
    • 34548857388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Democratization Depress Participation? Voter Turnout in the Latin American and Eastern European Transitional Democracies
    • Kostadinova, Tatiana and Timothy J. Power 2007. "Does Democratization Depress Participation? Voter Turnout in the Latin American and Eastern European Transitional Democracies." Political Research Quarterly 60(3): 363-77.
    • (2007) Political Research Quarterly , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-377
    • Kostadinova, T.1    Power, T.J.2
  • 203
    • 55749115059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iceland
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Kristinsson, Gunnar Helgi 1999. "Iceland." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 86-103).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 86-103
    • Kristinsson, G.H.1
  • 204
    • 84922152561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Presidentialization of East-Central European Countries
    • Paper presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions Workshop, Copenhagen
    • Krouwel, Andre 2000. "The Presidentialization of East-Central European Countries." Paper presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions Workshop, Copenhagen.
    • (2000)
    • Krouwel, A.1
  • 205
    • 84922196297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keskerakond soovib ümberasujate küsimuse lahendamist Riigikohtus [The Center Party Would Like the Supreme Court to solve the Problem of Repatriates]
    • October 3
    • Kuimet, Peeter 2006a. "Keskerakond soovib ümberasujate küsimuse lahendamist Riigikohtus [The Center Party Would Like the Supreme Court to solve the Problem of Repatriates]." Postimees, October 3.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Kuimet, P.1
  • 206
    • 84922149588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valimiskampaania jättis PM Online'i lugejatele räpase mulje [The Election Campaign Left A Dirty Impression on PM Online Readers]
    • September 23
    • Kuimet, Peeter 2006b. "Valimiskampaania jättis PM Online'i lugejatele räpase mulje [The Election Campaign Left A Dirty Impression on PM Online Readers]." Postimees, September 23.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Kuimet, P.1
  • 207
    • 84922109332 scopus 로고
    • The Boss: The Penultimate Chapter
    • April 22
    • Kurski, Jaroslaw 1992. "The Boss: The Penultimate Chapter." Polish News Bulletin, April 22.
    • (1992) Polish News Bulletin
    • Kurski, J.1
  • 210
    • 84949792766 scopus 로고
    • Effective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe
    • Laakso, Markku and Rein Taagepera 1979. "Effective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe." Comparative Political Studies 12: 3-27.
    • (1979) Comparative Political Studies , vol.12 , pp. 3-27
    • Laakso, M.1    Taagepera, R.2
  • 212
    • 0013220731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shokk on poliitikas parim õpetaja [In Politics, A Shock is the Best Teacher]
    • September 26
    • Lauristin, Marju 2001. "Shokk on poliitikas parim õpetaja [In Politics, A Shock is the Best Teacher]." Postimees, September 26.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Lauristin, M.1
  • 213
    • 84937268159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Irish General and Presidential Elections of 1997
    • Laver, Michael 1998. "The Irish General and Presidential Elections of 1997." Electoral Studies 17(4): 567-74.
    • (1998) Electoral Studies , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 567-574
    • Laver, M.1
  • 214
    • 24944588677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research
    • Lieberman, Evans S. 2005. "Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research." American Political Science Review 99: 435-52.
    • (2005) American Political Science Review , vol.99 , pp. 435-452
    • Lieberman, E.S.1
  • 218
    • 2142768720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional Design for Divided Societies
    • Lijphart, Arend 2004. "Constitutional Design for Divided Societies." Journal of Democracy 15(2): 96-109.
    • (2004) Journal of Democracy , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 96-109
    • Lijphart, A.1
  • 220
    • 77956921931 scopus 로고
    • The Perils of Presidentialism
    • Linz, Juan J. 1990. "The Perils of Presidentialism." Journal of Democracy 1: 51-69.
    • (1990) Journal of Democracy , vol.1 , pp. 51-69
    • Linz, J.J.1
  • 221
    • 0003162328 scopus 로고
    • Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?
    • Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Linz, Juan J. 1994. "Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?" In Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela (eds.) The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (pp. 3-90).
    • (1994) The Failure of Presidential Democracy , pp. 3-90
    • Linz, J.J.1
  • 222
    • 0005797297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Some Thoughts on Presidentialism in Postcommunist Europe
    • In Ray Taras (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Linz, Juan J. 1997. "Introduction: Some Thoughts on Presidentialism in Postcommunist Europe." In Ray Taras (ed.) Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 1-14).
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents , pp. 1-14
    • Linz, J.J.1
  • 225
    • 84922175740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omavalitsuste väitel ei ohusta kolmandad kandidaadid Lennart Meri võitu [Local Governments Say that the Third Candidates Do Not Threaten Lennart Meri's Victory]
    • September 18
    • Lõhmus, Alo 1996. "Omavalitsuste väitel ei ohusta kolmandad kandidaadid Lennart Meri võitu [Local Governments Say that the Third Candidates Do Not Threaten Lennart Meri's Victory]." Postimees, September 18.
    • (1996) Postimees
    • Lõhmus, A.1
  • 226
    • 84922165305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politiseeritud Eesti on "väike" Eesti [Politicized Estonia is a Small Estonia]
    • August 28
    • Lõhmus, Maarja 2006. "Politiseeritud Eesti on "väike" Eesti [Politicized Estonia is a Small Estonia]." Postimees, August 28.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Lõhmus, M.1
  • 227
    • 0037892937 scopus 로고
    • Table of Presidential Powers in Eastern Europe
    • Lucky, C. 1993/1994. "Table of Presidential Powers in Eastern Europe." East European Constitutional Review 3-4: 81-94.
    • (1993) East European Constitutional Review , vol.3-4 , pp. 81-94
    • Lucky, C.1
  • 228
    • 0034348539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation or Abdication? How Citizens Use Institutions to Help Delegation Succeed
    • Lupia, Arthur and Matthew D. McCubbins 2000. "Representation or Abdication? How Citizens Use Institutions to Help Delegation Succeed." European Journal of Political Research 37: 291-307.
    • (2000) European Journal of Political Research , vol.37 , pp. 291-307
    • Lupia, A.1    McCubbins, M.D.2
  • 229
    • 84928465814 scopus 로고
    • Austria's Future and Waldheim's Past: The Significance of the 1986 Elections
    • Luther, Kurt Richard 1987. "Austria's Future and Waldheim's Past: The Significance of the 1986 Elections." West European Politics 10: 376-99.
    • (1987) West European Politics , vol.10 , pp. 376-399
    • Luther, K.R.1
  • 230
    • 84922124122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probably We'll Elect to Go the Whole Hog
    • March 19
    • Mackerras, Malcolm 1998. "Probably We'll Elect to Go the Whole Hog." The Australian, March 19.
    • (1998) The Australian
    • Mackerras, M.1
  • 231
    • 84922136885 scopus 로고
    • What a Difference a Year Makes
    • December 30
    • Magee, Audrey and Naula Haughey 1994. "What a Difference a Year Makes." The Irish Times, December 30.
    • (1994) The Irish Times
    • Magee, A.1    Haughey, N.2
  • 232
    • 84922175987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fordulatok fordulóról fordulóra: az ellenzék jelöltje futott be [Round by Round: The Candidate of the Opposition Wins]
    • June 7. Access: July 26, 2006
    • Magyar Hírlap 2005. "Fordulatok fordulóról fordulóra: az ellenzék jelöltje futott be [Round by Round: The Candidate of the Opposition Wins]." June 7. Available: . Access: July 26, 2006.
    • (2005)
    • Hírlap, M.1
  • 233
    • 21144480405 scopus 로고
    • Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy
    • Mainwaring, Scott 1993. "Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy." Comparative Political Studies 26: 198-228.
    • (1993) Comparative Political Studies , vol.26 , pp. 198-228
    • Mainwaring, S.1
  • 235
    • 73749088196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slovakia's Presidency: Consolidating Democracy by Curbing Ambiguous Powers
    • In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.), Manchester: Manchester University Press
    • Malová, Darina and Marek Rybář 2008. "Slovakia's Presidency: Consolidating Democracy by Curbing Ambiguous Powers." In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    • (2008) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe
    • Malová, D.1    Rybář, M.2
  • 238
    • 65349177426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlington: Center for Global Policy, George Mason University
    • Marshall, Monty G. and Keith Jaggres 2005. Polity IV Project. Arlington: Center for Global Policy, George Mason University.
    • (2005) Polity IV Project
    • Marshall, M.G.1    Jaggres, K.2
  • 239
    • 84922198996 scopus 로고
    • A forradalom emlékét tettekkel kell megörökíteni [The Memory of the Revolution should be Kept Alive through Deeds]
    • August 4, 2
    • Mátraházi, Zsuzsa 1990. "A forradalom emlékét tettekkel kell megörökíteni [The Memory of the Revolution should be Kept Alive through Deeds]." MN, August 4, 2.
    • (1990) MN
    • Mátraházi, Z.1
  • 240
    • 84922144092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President kasutas esimest korda poliitilist argumenti
    • [The President used a Political Argument for the First Time.], March 5
    • Mattson, Toomas 2004. "President kasutas esimest korda poliitilist argumenti." [The President used a Political Argument for the First Time.] Postimees, March 5.
    • (2004) Postimees
    • Mattson, T.1
  • 241
    • 0000651154 scopus 로고
    • Congressional Elections: The Case of the Vanishing Marginals
    • Mayhew, David 1974. "Congressional Elections: The Case of the Vanishing Marginals." Polity 6: 295-317.
    • (1974) Polity , vol.6 , pp. 295-317
    • Mayhew, D.1
  • 242
    • 84922204406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mary Robinson: The Pluck of the Irish
    • Accessed: May 18, 2007
    • McAllister, J. F. O. 2005. "Mary Robinson: The Pluck of the Irish." Time. Available at . Accessed: May 18, 2007.
    • (2005) Time
    • McAllister, J.F.O.1
  • 243
    • 84936527271 scopus 로고
    • Mediation in Small Claims Court: Achieving Compliance Through Consent
    • McEwen, C. and R. Maiman 1984. "Mediation in Small Claims Court: Achieving Compliance Through Consent." Law and Society Review 18: 257-74.
    • (1984) Law and Society Review , vol.18 , pp. 257-274
    • McEwen, C.1    Maiman, R.2
  • 244
    • 0002597141 scopus 로고
    • The Presidency in East Central Europe
    • McGregor, James 1994. "The Presidency in East Central Europe." RFE/RL Research Report 3(2): 23-31.
    • (1994) RFE/RL Research Report , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 23-31
    • McGregor, J.1
  • 245
    • 79958042690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-Presidentialism and Democratization in Poland
    • In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.), Manchester: Manchester University Press
    • McMenamin, Iain 2008. "Semi-Presidentialism and Democratization in Poland." In Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup (eds.) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    • (2008) Semi-Presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe
    • McMenamin, I.1
  • 246
  • 247
    • 84872196305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sailing Between Scylla and Charybdis: Presidential Power in East Central Europe
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston
    • Metcalf, Lee Kendall 2002. "Sailing Between Scylla and Charybdis: Presidential Power in East Central Europe." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston.
    • (2002)
    • Metcalf, L.K.1
  • 249
    • 0033792456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents and Democratization in Poland: The Roles of Lech Walesa and Aleksander Kwasniewski in Building a New Polity
    • Millard, Frances 2000. "Presidents and Democratization in Poland: The Roles of Lech Walesa and Aleksander Kwasniewski in Building a New Polity." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 16(3): 39-62.
    • (2000) Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 39-62
    • Millard, F.1
  • 250
    • 33846848048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2005 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections in Poland
    • Millard, Frances 2007. "The 2005 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections in Poland." Electoral Studies 26: 210-5.
    • (2007) Electoral Studies , vol.26 , pp. 210-215
    • Millard, F.1
  • 251
    • 84976074676 scopus 로고
    • Issues, Candidates and Partisan Divisions in the 1972 American Presidential Elections
    • Miller, Arthur H. and Warren E. Miller 1975. "Issues, Candidates and Partisan Divisions in the 1972 American Presidential Elections." British Journal of Political Science 5: 393-434.
    • (1975) British Journal of Political Science , vol.5 , pp. 393-434
    • Miller, A.H.1    Miller, W.E.2
  • 252
    • 0035589971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Are the Origins of Social Trust?
    • Mishler, William and Richard Rose 2001. "What Are the Origins of Social Trust?" Comparative Political Studies 34: 30-62.
    • (2001) Comparative Political Studies , vol.34 , pp. 30-62
    • Mishler, W.1    Rose, R.2
  • 253
    • 84970331330 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Efficiency and the Congressional Vote: The Psychology of Coattail Voting
    • Mondak, Jeffrey J. and Carl McCurley 1994. "Cognitive Efficiency and the Congressional Vote: The Psychology of Coattail Voting." Political Research Quarterly 47(1): 151-75.
    • (1994) Political Research Quarterly , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-175
    • Mondak, J.J.1    McCurley, C.2
  • 255
    • 84922187588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tung Kadriorgu: ülevaade 2001. aasta presidendikampaaniast [In Pursuit of the Presidency: Overview of the 2001 Presidential Election Campaigns]
    • In Rein Toomla (ed.), [Presidency Book.] Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press.
    • Moora, Erik 2002. "Tung Kadriorgu: ülevaade 2001. aasta presidendikampaaniast [In Pursuit of the Presidency: Overview of the 2001 Presidential Election Campaigns]." In Rein Toomla (ed.) Presidendiraamat [Presidency Book.] Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press. (pp. 202-30).
    • (2002) Presidendiraamat , pp. 202-230
    • Moora, E.1
  • 256
    • 0037554971 scopus 로고
    • Manchester: Manchester University Press
    • Morris, Peter 1994. French Politics Today. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
    • (1994) French Politics Today
    • Morris, P.1
  • 257
    • 0141797473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies
    • Mozzafar, Shaheen, James R. Scarritt, and Glen Galaich 2003. "Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages and Party Systems in Africa's Emerging Democracies." American Political Science Review 97(3): 379-90.
    • (2003) American Political Science Review , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 379-390
    • Mozzafar, S.1    Scarritt, J.R.2    Galaich, G.3
  • 258
    • 84922181627 scopus 로고
    • Az SZDSZ OT ülése [Meeting of the National Council of the SZDSZ]
    • January 22. Accessed: July 15, 2006
    • MTI 1995. "Az SZDSZ OT ülése [Meeting of the National Council of the SZDSZ]." January 22. Available: . Accessed: July 15, 2006.
    • (1995)
  • 259
    • 84922167531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stílusváltás a politikában. Interjú Mádl Ferenccel és Sólyom Lászlóval [Change of Style in Politics. Interview with Ferenc Mádl and László Sólyom]
    • August 4. Accessed: July 20, 2006
    • MTV 2005. "Stílusváltás a politikában. Interjú Mádl Ferenccel és Sólyom Lászlóval [Change of Style in Politics. Interview with Ferenc Mádl and László Sólyom]." MTV Este, August 4. Available: . Accessed: July 20, 2006.
    • (2005) MTV Este
  • 262
    • 84922184036 scopus 로고
    • Adolf Schärf
    • In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.), [Politicians]. Vienna: Manz
    • Müller, Wolfgang C. 1995. "Adolf Schärf." In Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, and Wolfgang C. Müller (eds.) Die Politicians [Politicians]. Vienna: Manz. (pp. 502-12).
    • (1995) Die Politicians , pp. 502-512
    • Müller, W.C.1
  • 263
    • 67349114890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Austria
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Müller, Wolfgang C. 1999. "Austria." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 22-47).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 22-47
    • Müller, W.C.1
  • 265
    • 8644269524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Party Government in Central Eastern European Democracies: A Data Collection (1990-2003)
    • Müller-Rommel, Ferdinand, Katja Fettelschoss, and Philipp Harfst 2004. "Party Government in Central Eastern European Democracies: A Data Collection (1990-2003)." European Journal of Political Research 43: 869-93.
    • (2004) European Journal of Political Research , vol.43 , pp. 869-893
    • Müller-Rommel, F.1    Fettelschoss, K.2    Harfst, P.3
  • 266
    • 84922127223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parliament Suspend Romanian President
    • April 19
    • Mutler, Alison 2007. "Parliament Suspend Romanian President." Guardian Unlimited, April 19.
    • (2007) Guardian Unlimited
    • Mutler, A.1
  • 267
    • 84922146241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arnold Rüütel-karistus ülbuse eest [Arnold Rüütel-A Punishment for Arrogance]
    • September 22
    • Muuli, Kalle 2001. "Arnold Rüütel-karistus ülbuse eest [Arnold Rüütel-A Punishment for Arrogance]." Postimees, September 22.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Muuli, K.1
  • 268
    • 84922131789 scopus 로고
    • Az MSZP Göncz Árpádot támogatja [The MSZP supports Árpád Göncz]
    • August 1
    • Népszabadság 1990a. "Az MSZP Göncz Árpádot támogatja [The MSZP supports Árpád Göncz]." August 1.
    • (1990)
  • 269
    • 84922107193 scopus 로고
    • Déli derU [Midday Cheerfulness]
    • August 4
    • Népszabadság 1990b. "Déli derU [Midday Cheerfulness]." August 4.
    • (1990)
  • 270
    • 0002562140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidence in Public Institutions: Faith, Culture, or Performance?
    • Princeton: Pricnceton University Press
    • Newton, Kenneth and Pippa Norris 2000. "Confidence in Public Institutions: Faith, Culture, or Performance?" In Susan J. Pharr and Robert D. Putnam (eds.) Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton: Pricnceton University Press. (pp. 52-73).
    • (2000) Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries? , pp. 52-73
    • Newton, K.1    Norris, P.2
  • 271
    • 84922186122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A FIDESZ nem zárkózik el, az MDF Sólyom Lászlót támogatja [FIDESZ Are Ready to Consider, the MDF Support László Sólyom]
    • February 28. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005a. "A FIDESZ nem zárkózik el, az MDF Sólyom Lászlót támogatja [FIDESZ Are Ready to Consider, the MDF Support László Sólyom]." February 28. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 272
    • 84922140161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mécs Imre elnökjelölt lehet [Imre Mécs May Become A Presidential Candidate]
    • March 25. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005b. "Mécs Imre elnökjelölt lehet [Imre Mécs May Become A Presidential Candidate]." March 25. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 273
    • 84922143493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A politika legyozte önmagát [Politics Has Triumphed]
    • March 28. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005c. "A politika legyozte önmagát [Politics Has Triumphed]." March 28. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 274
    • 84922180574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drágán add az elnököd [Die Hard For your President]!
    • April 7. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005d. "Drágán add az elnököd [Die Hard For your President]!" April 7. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 275
    • 84922172389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Nekünk Szili Katalin kell' ['We Want Katalin Szili']
    • April 23. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005e. "'Nekünk Szili Katalin kell' ['We Want Katalin Szili']." April 23. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 276
    • 84922202397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mielott a demokráciából csak a díszletei maradnak [Until Only the Formalities of Democracy Are Left]
    • September 29. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2005f. "Mielott a demokráciából csak a díszletei maradnak [Until Only the Formalities of Democracy Are Left]." September 29. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2005)
  • 277
    • 84922207689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Göncz, Mádl, Sólyom
    • August 6. Accessed: July 25, 2006
    • NOL 2006. "Göncz, Mádl, Sólyom." August 6. Available: . Accessed: July 25, 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 282
    • 0343314539 scopus 로고
    • Presidential Power in Post-Communist Europe: The Hungarian Case in Comparative Perspective
    • O'Neil, Patrick H. 1993. "Presidential Power in Post-Communist Europe: The Hungarian Case in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Communist Studies 9(3): 177-201.
    • (1993) Journal of Communist Studies , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-201
    • O'Neil, P.H.1
  • 283
    • 0009216925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hungary: Political Transition and Executive Conflict: The Balance or Fragmentation of Power
    • In Ray Taras (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • O'Neil, Patrick H. 1997. "Hungary: Political Transition and Executive Conflict: The Balance or Fragmentation of Power." In Ray Taras (ed.) Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 195-224).
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents , pp. 195-224
    • O'Neil, P.H.1
  • 284
    • 84937346169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Über-)Parteilich? Parteipolitische Konstellationen bei der Wahl des Bundespräsidenten und ihr Einfluss auf die Amtsführung
    • [Above the Parties? Party Politics during the Elections of the President and Its Influence on the President's Activities.]
    • Oppelland, Torsten 2001. "(Über-)Parteilich? Parteipolitische Konstellationen bei der Wahl des Bundespräsidenten und ihr Einfluss auf die Amtsführung." [Above the Parties? Party Politics during the Elections of the President and Its Influence on the President's Activities.] Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 11(2): 551-72.
    • (2001) Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 551-572
    • Oppelland, T.1
  • 285
    • 84922203827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President of Vision Who Set a Gruelling Pace
    • September 10
    • O'Regan, Michael 1997. "President of Vision Who Set a Gruelling Pace." The Irish Times, September 10.
    • (1997) The Irish Times
    • O'Regan, M.1
  • 287
    • 80052579211 scopus 로고
    • The 1990 Presidential Election in the Republic of Ireland
    • O'Sullivan, Eion 1991. "The 1990 Presidential Election in the Republic of Ireland." Irish Political Studies 6: 85-98.
    • (1991) Irish Political Studies , vol.6 , pp. 85-98
    • O'Sullivan, E.1
  • 288
    • 0010854018 scopus 로고
    • The Distribution of Election Results and the Two Explanations of the Cost of Ruling
    • Paldam, Martin 1986. "The Distribution of Election Results and the Two Explanations of the Cost of Ruling." European Journal of Political Economy 2(1): 5-24.
    • (1986) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-24
    • Paldam, M.1
  • 289
    • 84922207522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Millist presidenti vajab Eesti [What Kind of a President Does Estonia Need]?
    • September 19
    • Palmaru, Raivo 2001. "Millist presidenti vajab Eesti [What Kind of a President Does Estonia Need]?" Postimees, September 19.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Palmaru, R.1
  • 290
    • 1642551462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Proportions Data
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Methodology Society, College Station, Texas, July 15-19
    • Palmquist, Bradley 1999. "Analysis of Proportions Data." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Methodology Society, College Station, Texas, July 15-19.
    • (1999)
    • Palmquist, B.1
  • 291
    • 84922108551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pack Your Bags: A Guide to International Political Consulting
    • April, 44
    • Panagopoulos, Costas and Preethi Dayanand 2005. "Pack Your Bags: A Guide to International Political Consulting." Campaign and Elections. April, 44.
    • (2005) Campaign and Elections
    • Panagopoulos, C.1    Dayanand, P.2
  • 292
    • 84921034704 scopus 로고
    • The Government of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
    • In Carol Mershon and Gianfranco Pasquino (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press
    • Pasquino, Gianfranco and Salvatore Vasallo 1995. "The Government of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi." In Carol Mershon and Gianfranco Pasquino (eds.) Italian Politics: Ending the First Republic. Boulder: Westview Press. (pp. 55-73).
    • (1995) Italian Politics: Ending the First Republic , pp. 55-73
    • Pasquino, G.1    Vasallo, S.2
  • 294
    • 0037697372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond Dichotomous Explanations: Explaining Constitutional Control of the Executive with Fuzzy Sets
    • Pennings, Paul 2003. "Beyond Dichotomous Explanations: Explaining Constitutional Control of the Executive with Fuzzy Sets." European Journal of Political Research 42: 541-67.
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Research , vol.42 , pp. 541-567
    • Pennings, P.1
  • 295
    • 0003687725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: New York University Press
    • Peters, B. Guy 1998. Comparative Politics. New York: New York University Press.
    • (1998) Comparative Politics
    • Peters, B.G.1
  • 301
    • 84922195689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Boring Campaign
    • September 28
    • Polish News Bulletin 2000. "A Boring Campaign." September 28.
    • (2000)
  • 302
    • 84922195940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unless PO's Tusk Changes Tactics and Becomes More Aggressive, He May Lose the Elections
    • October 6
    • Polish News Bulletin 2005a. "Unless PO's Tusk Changes Tactics and Becomes More Aggressive, He May Lose the Elections." October 6.
    • (2005)
  • 303
    • 84922111135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Elections Tusk's Narrow Win Spells Two Weeks of Cut-throat Campaigning
    • October 13
    • Polish News Bulletin 2005b. "Presidential Elections Tusk's Narrow Win Spells Two Weeks of Cut-throat Campaigning." October 13.
    • (2005)
  • 304
    • 84922177643 scopus 로고
    • Kolodko: No Grounds for Vetoing Budget Law
    • December 30
    • Polish Press Agency 1994. "Kolodko: No Grounds for Vetoing Budget Law." December 30.
    • (1994)
  • 305
    • 84922136932 scopus 로고
    • Kolodko: Cynical Walesa Politically Motivated On Pensions Veto
    • September 29
    • Polish Press Agency 1995a. "Kolodko: Cynical Walesa Politically Motivated On Pensions Veto." September 29.
    • (1995)
  • 306
    • 84922196395 scopus 로고
    • Walesa's Campaign Staff Demands a Recount of Election Vote
    • November 24
    • Polish Press Agency 1995b. "Walesa's Campaign Staff Demands a Recount of Election Vote." November 24.
    • (1995)
  • 307
    • 84922155602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Savisaare kättemaks [Savisaar's Vengance]
    • September 19
    • Postimees 1996. "Savisaare kättemaks [Savisaar's Vengance]." September 19.
    • (1996)
  • 308
    • 84922184975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kolm lauset, miks peaksid valijamehed just teid presidendiks valima? [In Three Sentences, Why Should the Electoral College Elect You As the President?]
    • September 21
    • Postimees 2001. "Kolm lauset, miks peaksid valijamehed just teid presidendiks valima? [In Three Sentences, Why Should the Electoral College Elect You As the President?]" September 21.
    • (2001)
  • 309
    • 84922202228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendimängud [The Presidential Games]
    • September 17
    • Postimees 2003. "Presidendimängud [The Presidential Games]." September 17.
    • (2003)
  • 310
    • 84922116751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juhtkiri: Küsitav Veto [A Questionable Veto]
    • March 5
    • Postimees 2004a. "Juhtkiri: Küsitav Veto [A Questionable Veto]." March 5.
    • (2004)
  • 311
    • 84922169311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendi kaotus, omanike võit [President's Defeat, Property Owner's Victory]
    • December 3
    • Postimees 2004b. "Presidendi kaotus, omanike võit [President's Defeat, Property Owner's Victory]." December 3.
    • (2004)
  • 312
    • 84922122806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendirallisse sekkuvad lisaeelarve 'katuserahad' [The Supplementary Budget Enters the Presidential Race]
    • May 17
    • Postimees 2006a. "Presidendirallisse sekkuvad lisaeelarve 'katuserahad' [The Supplementary Budget Enters the Presidential Race]." May 17.
    • (2006)
  • 313
    • 84922141855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 80 haritlast tegid Ilvese toetuseks avalduse [80 Intellectuals Made a Statement in Support of Ilves]
    • September 13
    • Postimees 2006b. "80 haritlast tegid Ilvese toetuseks avalduse [80 Intellectuals Made a Statement in Support of Ilves]." September 13.
    • (2006)
  • 315
    • 84973976195 scopus 로고
    • American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective
    • Powell, Bingham G. 1986. "American Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective." American Political Science Review 80: 17-43.
    • (1986) American Political Science Review , vol.80 , pp. 17-43
    • Powell, B.G.1
  • 317
    • 23744432086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime Minister's Identity in Semi-Presidential Regimes: Constitutional Norms and Cabinet Formation Outcomes
    • Protsyk, Oleh. 2005a. "Prime Minister's Identity in Semi-Presidential Regimes: Constitutional Norms and Cabinet Formation Outcomes." European Journal of Political Research 44: 721-48.
    • (2005) European Journal of Political Research , vol.44 , pp. 721-748
    • Protsyk, O.1
  • 318
    • 20744442015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics of Intraexecutive Conflict in Semipresidential Regimes in Eastern Europe
    • Protsyk, Oleh. 2005b. "Politics of Intraexecutive Conflict in Semipresidential Regimes in Eastern Europe." East European Politics and Societies 19: 135-60.
    • (2005) East European Politics and Societies , vol.19 , pp. 135-160
    • Protsyk, O.1
  • 319
    • 33646747624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-Executive Competition between President and Prime Minister: Patterns of Institutional Conflict and Cooperation under Semi-Presidentialism
    • Protsyk, Oleh. 2006. "Intra-Executive Competition between President and Prime Minister: Patterns of Institutional Conflict and Cooperation under Semi-Presidentialism." Political Studies 54: 219-44.
    • (2006) Political Studies , vol.54 , pp. 219-244
    • Protsyk, O.1
  • 320
    • 84922138695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Country Analysis: Germany
    • Political Risk Services Report
    • PRS Group 2004. "Country Analysis: Germany." Political Risk Services Report.
    • (2004)
  • 324
    • 34248409306 scopus 로고
    • The Austrian Presidential Election of 1986
    • Pulzer, Peter 1986. "The Austrian Presidential Election of 1986." Electoral Studies 5: 302-4.
    • (1986) Electoral Studies , vol.5 , pp. 302-304
    • Pulzer, P.1
  • 325
    • 34248272987 scopus 로고
    • The Austrian Presidential Election of 1992
    • Pulzer, Peter 1992. "The Austrian Presidential Election of 1992." Electoral Studies 11: 347-51.
    • (1992) Electoral Studies , vol.11 , pp. 347-351
    • Pulzer, P.1
  • 326
    • 33749839739 scopus 로고
    • National Electoral Cycles and European Elections 1979 and 1984
    • Reif, Karlheinz 1984. "National Electoral Cycles and European Elections 1979 and 1984." Electoral Studies 3(3): 244-55.
    • (1984) Electoral Studies , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 244-255
    • Reif, K.1
  • 328
    • 84985817798 scopus 로고
    • Nine Second Order National Elections: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Result
    • Reif, Karlheinz and Hermann Schmitt 1980. "Nine Second Order National Elections: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Result." European Journal of Political Research 8: 3-44.
    • (1980) European Journal of Political Research , vol.8 , pp. 3-44
    • Reif, K.1    Schmitt, H.2
  • 329
    • 84922185745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 jelölt, 2 nap, 3 menet [1 Candidate, 2 Days, 3 Rounds]
    • June 10
    • Réti, Pál 2000. "1 jelölt, 2 nap, 3 menet [1 Candidate, 2 Days, 3 Rounds]." HVG, June 10, 7, 9-10.
    • (2000) HVG , vol.7 , pp. 9-10
    • Réti, P.1
  • 331
    • 84922175305 scopus 로고
    • May 3
    • Riigikogu stenogramm [The Minutes of Riigikogu] 1994. May 3.
    • (1994)
    • Stenogramm, R.1
  • 332
    • 84922185278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • April 17
    • Riigikogu stenogramm 2001. April 17.
    • (2001)
    • Stenogramm, R.1
  • 333
    • 84922111055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • December 19
    • Riigikogu stenogramm 2002. December 19.
    • (2002)
    • Stenogramm, R.1
  • 334
    • 84922194323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • January 15
    • Riigikogu stenogramm 2003. January 15.
    • (2003)
    • Stenogramm, R.1
  • 335
    • 84922167657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March 9
    • Riigikogu stenogramm 2004. March 9.
    • (2004)
    • Stenogramm, R.1
  • 336
  • 337
    • 0040330155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are All Semipresidential Regimes the Same? A Comparison of Premier-Presidential Regimes
    • Roper, Steven D. 2002. "Are All Semipresidential Regimes the Same? A Comparison of Premier-Presidential Regimes." Comparative Politics 34: 253-72.
    • (2002) Comparative Politics , vol.34 , pp. 253-272
    • Roper, S.D.1
  • 338
    • 38849095691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Semi-Presidentialism to Parliamentarism: Regime Change and Presidential Power in Moldova
    • Roper, Steven D. 2008. "From Semi-Presidentialism to Parliamentarism: Regime Change and Presidential Power in Moldova." Europe-Asia Studies 60(1): 113-26.
    • (2008) Europe-Asia Studies , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-126
    • Roper, S.D.1
  • 339
    • 84922173371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Computer File]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor]. SN: 5242
    • Rose, Richard 2005. New Europe Barometer VI, 2001 [Computer File]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor]. SN: 5242.
    • (2005) New Europe Barometer VI, 2001
    • Rose, R.1
  • 340
    • 0011300534 scopus 로고
    • Incumbency in Government: Asset or Liability?
    • In H. Daalder and P. Mair (eds.), Beverly Hills: Sage
    • Rose, Richard and Thomas T. Mackie 1983. "Incumbency in Government: Asset or Liability?" In H. Daalder and P. Mair (eds.) Western European Party Systems. Beverly Hills: Sage.
    • (1983) Western European Party Systems
    • Rose, R.1    Mackie, T.T.2
  • 341
    • 43149103494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Presidential Election in Slovakia, April 2004
    • Rybář, Marek 2005. "The Presidential Election in Slovakia, April 2004." Electoral Studies 24: 333-8.
    • (2005) Electoral Studies , vol.24 , pp. 333-338
    • Rybář, M.1
  • 342
    • 84922202503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kas Keskpartei ja Rahvaliidu lepe kuulutab sisulisi muutusi? [Will the Cooperation Agreement between the Center Party and the People's Party bring Substantive Changes?]
    • August 18
    • Saarits, Tõnu 2006. "Kas Keskpartei ja Rahvaliidu lepe kuulutab sisulisi muutusi? [Will the Cooperation Agreement between the Center Party and the People's Party bring Substantive Changes?]." Postimees, August 18.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Saarits, T.1
  • 343
    • 84922164882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendikandidaatide representatsioon 2001. aasta trükimeedias ja nende imago valijameeste hulgas [The Presentation of the Presidential Candidates in the Printed Media and Their Image Among the Members of the Electoral College in 2001]
    • MA thesis, University of Tartu
    • Saarna-Siiman, Maarika 2005. "Presidendikandidaatide representatsioon 2001. aasta trükimeedias ja nende imago valijameeste hulgas [The Presentation of the Presidential Candidates in the Printed Media and Their Image Among the Members of the Electoral College in 2001]." MA thesis, University of Tartu.
    • (2005)
    • Saarna-Siiman, M.1
  • 344
    • 0034348805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gubernatorial Coattails Effect: Federalism and Congressional Elections in Brazil
    • Samuels, David 2000. "The Gubernatorial Coattails Effect: Federalism and Congressional Elections in Brazil." Journal of Politics 62(1): 240-53.
    • (2000) Journal of Politics , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 240-253
    • Samuels, D.1
  • 346
    • 4644254607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidentialism and Accountability for the Economy in Comparative Perspective
    • Samuels, David 2004. "Presidentialism and Accountability for the Economy in Comparative Perspective." American Political Science Review 98: 425-36.
    • (2004) American Political Science Review , vol.98 , pp. 425-436
    • Samuels, D.1
  • 347
    • 34547607957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of Powers
    • In Charles Boix and Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Samuels, David 2007. "Separation of Powers." In Charles Boix and Susan Stokes (eds.) The Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2007) The Handbook of Comparative Politics
    • Samuels, D.1
  • 348
    • 67650851446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents, Prime Ministers and Parties: A Neo-Madisonian Theory of Party Organization and Behavior
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia
    • Samuels, David and Matthew Søberg Shugart 2006. "Presidents, Prime Ministers and Parties: A Neo-Madisonian Theory of Party Organization and Behavior." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.
    • (2006)
    • Samuels, D.1    Shugart, M.S.2
  • 350
    • 66149171664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-Presidential Regimes: Providing Flexibility or Generating Representation and Governance Problems?
    • Center for the Study of Democratic Governments, University of Oxford, Working Paper No. 01
    • Schleiter, Petra and Edward Morgan-Jones 2005. "Semi-Presidential Regimes: Providing Flexibility or Generating Representation and Governance Problems?" Center for the Study of Democratic Governments, University of Oxford, Working Paper No. 01.
    • (2005)
    • Schleiter, P.1    Morgan-Jones, E.2
  • 351
    • 0002095561 scopus 로고
    • What Democracy Is ... and Is Not
    • Schmitter, Philippe C. and Terry Lynn Karl 1991. "What Democracy Is ... and Is Not." Journal of Democracy 2: 75-88.
    • (1991) Journal of Democracy , vol.2 , pp. 75-88
    • Schmitter, P.C.1    Karl, T.L.2
  • 352
    • 84922119907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Federal Presidents]. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlag
    • Scholz, Günter and Martin Süskind 2003. Die Bundespräsidenten [Federal Presidents]. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlag.
    • (2003) Die Bundespräsidenten
    • Scholz, G.1    Süskind, M.2
  • 354
    • 84922174412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von Heuss bis Herzog [From Heuss to Herzog]
    • Schwarz, Hans-Peter 1999. "Von Heuss bis Herzog [From Heuss to Herzog]." Aus Politk und Zeitgeschichte 20: 3-13.
    • (1999) Aus Politk und Zeitgeschichte , vol.20 , pp. 3-13
    • Schwarz, H.-P.1
  • 355
    • 0036012195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries
    • Seligson, Michell 2002. "The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries." Journal of Politics 64: 408-33.
    • (2002) Journal of Politics , vol.64 , pp. 408-433
    • Seligson, M.1
  • 356
    • 84922122068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keskerakond: president Rüütel tegi riigimeheliku otsuse [Center Party: President Rüütel Made a Statesmanly Decision]
    • September 20
    • Shmutov, Martin 2006. "Keskerakond: president Rüütel tegi riigimeheliku otsuse [Center Party: President Rüütel Made a Statesmanly Decision]." Postimees, September 20.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Shmutov, M.1
  • 358
    • 84974284436 scopus 로고
    • The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Presidential Government
    • Shugart, Matthew Søberg 1995. "The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Presidential Government." American Political Science Review 89(2): 327-43.
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-343
    • Shugart, M.S.1
  • 359
    • 0040275738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Inverse Relationship Between Party Strength and Executive Strength: A Theory of Politicians' Constitutional Choices
    • Shugart, Matthew Søberg 1998. "The Inverse Relationship Between Party Strength and Executive Strength: A Theory of Politicians' Constitutional Choices." British Journal of Political Science 28: 1-29.
    • (1998) British Journal of Political Science , vol.28 , pp. 1-29
    • Shugart, M.S.1
  • 360
    • 85050787331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elections: The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective
    • Shugart, Matthew Søberg 2004. "Elections: The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective." Presidential Studies Quarterly 34: 632-55.
    • (2004) Presidential Studies Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 632-655
    • Shugart, M.S.1
  • 362
    • 0037910432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential, Semipresidential and Parliamentary Distinction
    • Siaroff, Alan 2003. "Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential, Semipresidential and Parliamentary Distinction." European Journal of Political Research 42: 287-312.
    • (2003) European Journal of Political Research , vol.42 , pp. 287-312
    • Siaroff, A.1
  • 364
    • 0036925586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parliamentary Election Turnout in Europe Since 1990
    • Siaroff, Alan and John W. A. Merer 2002. "Parliamentary Election Turnout in Europe Since 1990." Political Studies 50(4): 916-27.
    • (2002) Political Studies , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 916-927
    • Siaroff, A.1    Merer, J.W.A.2
  • 366
    • 84922181911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debates on the Mode of Election of the President of the Republic of Hungary, 1989-2006
    • University of Missouri. Unpublished manuscript
    • Simon, Agnes 2006a. "Debates on the Mode of Election of the President of the Republic of Hungary, 1989-2006." University of Missouri. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2006)
    • Simon, A.1
  • 367
    • 84922194408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The President of the Republic and the Presidency in the Hungarian Political System, 1989-2006
    • University of Missouri. Unpublished manuscript
    • Simon, Agnes 2006b. "The President of the Republic and the Presidency in the Hungarian Political System, 1989-2006." University of Missouri. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2006)
    • Simon, A.1
  • 369
    • 0001170032 scopus 로고
    • The New Look in Public Opinion Research
    • In Ada W. Finifter (ed.), Washington: American Political Science Association
    • Sniderman, Paul M. 1993. "The New Look in Public Opinion Research." In Ada W. Finifter (ed.) The State of the Discipline II. Washington: American Political Science Association.
    • (1993) The State of the Discipline II
    • Sniderman, P.M.1
  • 370
    • 84922198657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Az alktománybiráskodás kezdetei Magyarországon [The Early Years of the Constitutional Court in Hungary]. Budapest: Osiris
    • Sólyom, László 2001. Az alktománybiráskodás kezdetei Magyarországon [The Early Years of the Constitutional Court in Hungary]. Budapest: Osiris.
    • (2001)
    • Sólyom, L.1
  • 371
    • 5844383486 scopus 로고
    • Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation
    • Stepan, Alfred and Cindy Skach 1993. "Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation." World Politics 46(1): 1-22.
    • (1993) World Politics , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Stepan, A.1    Skach, C.2
  • 372
    • 0003338988 scopus 로고
    • The French Fifth Republic: A Model for Import? Reflections on Poland and Brazil
    • In H. E. Chehabi and Alfred Stepan (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press
    • Stepan, Alfred and Ezra N. Suleiman 1995. "The French Fifth Republic: A Model for Import? Reflections on Poland and Brazil." In H. E. Chehabi and Alfred Stepan (eds.) Politics, Society, and Democracy: Comparative Studies. Boulder: Westview Press. (pp. 393-414).
    • (1995) Politics, Society, and Democracy: Comparative Studies , pp. 393-414
    • Stepan, A.1    Suleiman, E.N.2
  • 373
    • 0003047247 scopus 로고
    • Some Dynamic Elements of Contests for the Presidency
    • Stokes, Donald 1966. "Some Dynamic Elements of Contests for the Presidency." American Political Science Review 60: 19-28.
    • (1966) American Political Science Review , vol.60 , pp. 19-28
    • Stokes, D.1
  • 374
    • 0034179207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies
    • Strøm, Kaare 2000. "Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies." European Journal of Political Research 37: 261-89.
    • (2000) European Journal of Political Research , vol.37 , pp. 261-289
    • Strøm, K.1
  • 376
    • 84917380190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Political Context of EU Accession in Poland
    • Briefing Paper. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs
    • Szczerbiak, Aleks 2002. "The Political Context of EU Accession in Poland." Briefing Paper. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs.
    • (2002)
    • Szczerbiak, A.1
  • 377
    • 84922173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Államfoi jogkörök alkalmazása a gyakorlatban [The Use of Presidential Powers]
    • Szomszéd, Orsolya 2005. "Államfoi jogkörök alkalmazása a gyakorlatban [The Use of Presidential Powers]." Politikatudományi Szemle (3-4): 131-47.
    • (2005) Politikatudományi Szemle , Issue.3-4 , pp. 131-147
    • Szomszéd, O.1
  • 379
    • 84922136818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von Heuss bis Herzog: Die Bundespräsidenten [From Heuss to Herzog: German Presidents]
    • July 1
    • Tagesschau 2004a. "Von Heuss bis Herzog: Die Bundespräsidenten [From Heuss to Herzog: German Presidents]." July 1.
    • (2004)
  • 380
    • 84922183478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sechs Monate Spekulationen [Six Months of Speculations]
    • July 1
    • Szczerbiak, Aleks 2004b. "Sechs Monate Spekulationen [Six Months of Speculations]." July 1.
    • (2004)
    • Szczerbiak, A.1
  • 381
    • 84922115979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ich war ein politischer Präsident [I Was a Political President]
    • November 22
    • Szczerbiak, Aleks 2004c. "Ich war ein politischer Präsident [I Was a Political President]." November 22.
    • (2004)
    • Szczerbiak, A.1
  • 382
    • 84922145651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lennart Meri nõustus presidendiks kandideerima [Lennart Meri Agreed to Run for President]
    • August 17
    • Tammer, Enno 1996a. "Lennart Meri nõustus presidendiks kandideerima [Lennart Meri Agreed to Run for President]." Postimees, August 17.
    • (1996) Postimees
    • Tammer, E.1
  • 383
    • 84922161263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tunne Kelam võib tõusta presidentikandidaadiks [Tunne Kelam May Become a Presidential Candidate]
    • September 9
    • Tammer, Enno 1996b. "Tunne Kelam võib tõusta presidentikandidaadiks [Tunne Kelam May Become a Presidential Candidate]." Postimees, September 9.
    • (1996) Postimees
    • Tammer, E.1
  • 384
    • 84922115284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ilvese ja jänese võidujooks [A Race Between a Lynx and a Rabbit]
    • March 30
    • Tappo, Sigrid 2006. "Ilvese ja jänese võidujooks [A Race Between a Lynx and a Rabbit]." Postimees, March 30.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Tappo, S.1
  • 385
    • 0009136771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Taras, Ray 1997. Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents
    • Taras, R.1
  • 386
    • 33845992504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principle vs. Pragmatism: Policy Shifts and Political Competition
    • Tavits, Margit 2007a. "Principle vs. Pragmatism: Policy Shifts and Political Competition." American Journal of Political Science 51(1): 151-65.
    • (2007) American Journal of Political Science , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-165
    • Tavits, M.1
  • 387
    • 33845989462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption
    • Tavits, Margit 2007b. "Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption." American Journal of Political Science 51(1): 218-29.
    • (2007) American Journal of Political Science , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 218-229
    • Tavits, M.1
  • 388
    • 36949004164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Party Systems in the Making: The Emergence and Success of New Parties in New Democracies
    • Tavits, Margit 2008a. "Party Systems in the Making: The Emergence and Success of New Parties in New Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 38(1): 113-33.
    • (2008) British Journal of Political Science , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-133
    • Tavits, M.1
  • 389
    • 47649129793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Linkage Between Electoral Volatility and Party System Instability in Central and Eastern Europe
    • Tavits, Margit 2008b. "On the Linkage Between Electoral Volatility and Party System Instability in Central and Eastern Europe." European Journal of Political Research 47: 537-55.
    • (2008) European Journal of Political Research , vol.47 , pp. 537-555
    • Tavits, M.1
  • 390
  • 391
    • 84922137969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutional Judgment 3-4-1-13-05
    • The Supreme Court of Estonia 2005. Constitutional Judgment 3-4-1-13-05, .
    • (2005)
  • 392
    • 84922148820 scopus 로고
    • Parlamenti Naplo [Parliamentary Diary]. June 5. Accessed: July 17, 2006
    • Tölgyessy, Péter 1990. Parlamenti Naplo [Parliamentary Diary]. June 5. Available: . Accessed: July 17, 2006.
    • (1990)
    • Tölgyessy, P.1
  • 393
    • 84922162738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidendivalimise kujunemislugu [The Story of Designing Presidential Elections]
    • In Rein Toomla (ed.), [Presidency Book.] Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press
    • Toomla, Rein 2002. "Presidendivalimise kujunemislugu [The Story of Designing Presidential Elections]." In Rein Toomla (ed.) Presidendiraamat [Presidency Book.] Tartu, Estonia: The University of Tartu Press.
    • (2002) Presidendiraamat
    • Toomla, R.1
  • 394
    • 84922187738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Elections of Estonian Parliament 2003]. Tartu, Estonia: University of Tartu Press
    • Toomla, Rein ed.) 2003. Riigikogu valimised 2003 [Elections of Estonian Parliament 2003]. Tartu, Estonia: University of Tartu Press.
    • (2003) Riigikogu valimised 2003
    • Toomla, R.1
  • 395
    • 84922165706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kompromissitu võitlus [A Fight Without Any Compromise]
    • September 20
    • Toots, Anu 2001. "Kompromissitu võitlus [A Fight Without Any Compromise]." Postimees, September 20.
    • (2001) Postimees
    • Toots, A.1
  • 396
    • 84922148955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Harmadik Köztársaság alkotmányának születése [Birth of the Constitution of the Third Republic]
    • In Bozóki et al. (eds.), [Transcript of the Regime Change. Roundtable Negotiations in 1989. Essays]. Budapest: Új Mandátum
    • Tordai, Csaba 2000a. "A Harmadik Köztársaság alkotmányának születése [Birth of the Constitution of the Third Republic]." In Bozóki et al. (eds.) A rendszerváltás forgatókönyve. Kerekasztal tárgyalások 1989-ben. Tanulmányok [Transcript of the Regime Change. Roundtable Negotiations in 1989. Essays]. Budapest: Új Mandátum. (pp. 481-502).
    • (2000) A rendszerváltás forgatókönyve. Kerekasztal tárgyalások 1989-ben. Tanulmányok , pp. 481-502
    • Tordai, C.1
  • 397
    • 84922187630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Az elnök elso lépése [The First Steps of the President]
    • September 30
    • Tordai, Csaba 2000b. "Az elnök elso lépése [The First Steps of the President]." HVG, September 30, 52-3.
    • (2000) HVG , pp. 52-53
    • Tordai, C.1
  • 399
    • 84937281613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Polish Presidential Elections of 1995
    • Tworzecki, Hubert 1996. "The Polish Presidential Elections of 1995." Electoral Studies 15: 403-9.
    • (1996) Electoral Studies , vol.15 , pp. 403-409
    • Tworzecki, H.1
  • 401
    • 20744459325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithuania
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Urbanavicius, Dainius 1999. "Lithuania." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 150-69).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 150-169
    • Urbanavicius, D.1
  • 403
    • 0030472635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Voters Teach Us About Europe-Wide Elections: What Europe-Wide Elections Teach Us About Voters
    • van der Eijk, Cees, Mark N. Franklin, and Michael Marsh 1996. "What Voters Teach Us About Europe-Wide Elections: What Europe-Wide Elections Teach Us About Voters." Electoral Studies 15: 149-66.
    • (1996) Electoral Studies , vol.15 , pp. 149-166
    • van der Eijk, C.1    Franklin, M.N.2    Marsh, M.3
  • 406
    • 33646736101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Romania
    • In Robert Elgie (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Verheijen, Tony 1999. "Romania." In Robert Elgie (ed.) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pp. 193-215).
    • (1999) Semi-Presidentialism in Europe , pp. 193-215
    • Verheijen, T.1
  • 407
    • 84922111462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Köztársasági elnökök [Presidents of the Republic]
    • Accessed: September 10, 2006
    • Vision Consulting 2006. "Köztársasági elnökök [Presidents of the Republic]." Available: . Accessed: September 10, 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 409
    • 84921057714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [The Head of State of Austria]. Vienna: Verlag für Geschichte und Politik
    • Wehlan, Manfred 1997. Das Österreichische Staatsoberhaupt [The Head of State of Austria]. Vienna: Verlag für Geschichte und Politik.
    • (1997) Das Österreichische Staatsoberhaupt
    • Wehlan, M.1
  • 410
    • 84922145631 scopus 로고
    • Egy dudás a csárdában [One candidate]
    • June 17
    • Weyer, Béla 1995. "Egy dudás a csárdában [One candidate]." HVG, June 17, 9-12.
    • (1995) HVG , pp. 9-12
    • Weyer, B.1
  • 411
    • 0038894225 scopus 로고
    • [A Brief Sejm]. Warsaw: BGW
    • Wiatr, Jerzy 1993. Krotki Sejm [A Brief Sejm]. Warsaw: BGW.
    • (1993) Krotki Sejm
    • Wiatr, J.1
  • 413
    • 0009288847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Czech Republic: Havel and the Evolution of the Presidency Since 1989
    • In Ray Taras (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Wolchik, Sharon L. 1997. "The Czech Republic: Havel and the Evolution of the Presidency Since 1989." In Ray Taras (ed.) Postcommunist Presidents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 168-94).
    • (1997) Postcommunist Presidents , pp. 168-194
    • Wolchik, S.L.1
  • 414
    • 84922190533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivar Tallo: Vasallistaatuse valik [Ivar Tallo: Choosing the Status of a Vassal]
    • August 25
    • Zavatski, Janek 2006. "Ivar Tallo: Vasallistaatuse valik [Ivar Tallo: Choosing the Status of a Vassal]." Postimees, August 25.
    • (2006) Postimees
    • Zavatski, J.1
  • 415
    • 0141882712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Eclipse of Walesa's Political Career
    • Zubek, Voytek 1997. "The Eclipse of Walesa's Political Career." Europe-Asia Studies 49: 107-24.
    • (1997) Europe-Asia Studies , vol.49 , pp. 107-124
    • Zubek, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.