메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 2344-2357

Novel neuroprotective mechanisms of memantine: Increase in neurotrophic factor release from astroglia and anti-inflammation by preventing microglial activation

Author keywords

GDNF; HDAC; Neurodegenerative disease; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection

Indexed keywords

HISTONE DEACETYLASE; MEMANTINE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR;

EID: 68949173926     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.64     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (147)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 33646853854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for synaptotagmin VII-regulated exocytosis of lysosomes in neurite outgrowth from primary sympathetic neurons
    • Arantes RM, Andrews NW (2006). A role for synaptotagmin VII-regulated exocytosis of lysosomes in neurite outgrowth from primary sympathetic neurons. J Neurosci 26: 4630-4637.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 4630-4637
    • Arantes, R.M.1    Andrews, N.W.2
  • 2
    • 21544446985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the establishment of the proper number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta
    • Baquet ZC, Bickford PC, Jones KR (2005). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the establishment of the proper number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. J Neurosci 25: 6251-6259.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 6251-6259
    • Baquet, Z.C.1    Bickford, P.C.2    Jones, K.R.3
  • 3
    • 34248152778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate release from activated microglia requires the oxidative burst and lipid peroxidation
    • Barger SW, Goodwin ME, Porter MM, Beggs ML (2007). Glutamate release from activated microglia requires the oxidative burst and lipid peroxidation. J Neurochem 101: 1205-1213.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.101 , pp. 1205-1213
    • Barger, S.W.1    Goodwin, M.E.2    Porter, M.M.3    Beggs, M.L.4
  • 4
    • 24144453087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: Multiple triggers with a common mechanism
    • Block ML, Hong JS (2005). Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism. Prog Neurobiol 76: 77-98.
    • (2005) Prog Neurobiol , vol.76 , pp. 77-98
    • Block, M.L.1    Hong, J.S.2
  • 5
    • 9444284332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanometer size diesel exhaust particles are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons: The role of microglia, phagocytosis, and NADPH oxidase
    • Block ML, Wu X, Pei Z, Li G, Wang T, Qin L et al (2004). Nanometer size diesel exhaust particles are selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons: the role of microglia, phagocytosis, and NADPH oxidase. FASEB J 18: 1618-1620.
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 1618-1620
    • Block, M.L.1    Wu, X.2    Pei, Z.3    Li, G.4    Wang, T.5    Qin, L.6
  • 6
    • 33845768784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms
    • Block ML, Zecca L, Hong JS (2007). Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 8: 57-69.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 57-69
    • Block, M.L.1    Zecca, L.2    Hong, J.S.3
  • 7
    • 31344457324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amantadine and memantine induce the expression of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in C6 glioma cells
    • Caumont AS, Octave JN, Hermans E (2006a). Amantadine and memantine induce the expression of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in C6 glioma cells. Neurosci Lett 394: 196-201.
    • (2006) Neurosci Lett , vol.394 , pp. 196-201
    • Caumont, A.S.1    Octave, J.N.2    Hermans, E.3
  • 8
    • 33644961430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific regulation of rat glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression by riluzole in C6 glioma cells
    • Caumont AS, Octave JN, Hermans E (2006b). Specific regulation of rat glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression by riluzole in C6 glioma cells. J Neurochem 97: 128-139.
    • (2006) J Neurochem , vol.97 , pp. 128-139
    • Caumont, A.S.1    Octave, J.N.2    Hermans, E.3
  • 9
    • 33845296450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain neuron/glia cultures by stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes
    • Chen PS, Peng GS, Li G, Yang S, Wu X, Wang CC et al (2006). Valproate protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain neuron/glia cultures by stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes. Mol Psychiatry 11: 1116-1125.
    • (2006) Mol Psychiatry , vol.11 , pp. 1116-1125
    • Chen, P.S.1    Peng, G.S.2    Li, G.3    Yang, S.4    Wu, X.5    Wang, C.C.6
  • 10
    • 34748922275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid and other histone deacetylase inhibitors induce microglial apoptosis and attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity
    • Chen PS, Wang CC, Bortner CD, Peng GS, Wu X, Pang H et al (2007). Valproic acid and other histone deacetylase inhibitors induce microglial apoptosis and attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 149: 203-212.
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.149 , pp. 203-212
    • Chen, P.S.1    Wang, C.C.2    Bortner, C.D.3    Peng, G.S.4    Wu, X.5    Pang, H.6
  • 11
    • 0141707078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine as a symptomatological and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer's disease: Preclinical evidence
    • Danysz W, Parsons CG (2003). The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine as a symptomatological and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer's disease: preclinical evidence. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18(Suppl 1): S23-S32.
    • (2003) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Danysz, W.1    Parsons, C.G.2
  • 12
    • 21344434089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes as targets for neuroprotective drugs
    • Darlington CL (2005). Astrocytes as targets for neuroprotective drugs. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 6: 700-703.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Investig Drugs , vol.6 , pp. 700-703
    • Darlington, C.L.1
  • 13
    • 4143128717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylation of proteins as novel target for antitumor therapy: Review article
    • Di Gennaro E, Bruzzese F, Caraglia M, Abruzzese A, Budillon A (2004). Acetylation of proteins as novel target for antitumor therapy: review article. Amino Acids 26: 435-441.
    • (2004) Amino Acids , vol.26 , pp. 435-441
    • Di Gennaro, E.1    Bruzzese, F.2    Caraglia, M.3    Abruzzese, A.4    Budillon, A.5
  • 14
    • 0033539092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures of a histone deacetylase homologue bound to the TSA and SAHA inhibitors
    • Finnin MS, Donigian JR, Cohen A, Richon VM, Rifkind RA, Marks PA et al (1999). Structures of a histone deacetylase homologue bound to the TSA and SAHA inhibitors. Nature 401: 188-193.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 188-193
    • Finnin, M.S.1    Donigian, J.R.2    Cohen, A.3    Richon, V.M.4    Rifkind, R.A.5    Marks, P.A.6
  • 15
    • 0036470165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct role for microglia in rotenone-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
    • Gao HM, Hong JS, Zhang W, Liu B (2002). Distinct role for microglia in rotenone-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci 22: 782-790.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 782-790
    • Gao, H.M.1    Hong, J.S.2    Zhang, W.3    Liu, B.4
  • 16
    • 8444243043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic control of glutamatergic activity: Astrocytes as stars of the show
    • Hertz L, Zielke HR (2004). Astrocytic control of glutamatergic activity: astrocytes as stars of the show. Trends Neurosci 27: 735-743.
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 735-743
    • Hertz, L.1    Zielke, H.R.2
  • 18
    • 0032850453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological findings following intraventricular glial-derived neurotrophic factor treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease
    • Kordower JH, Palfi S, Chen EY, Ma SY, Sendera T, Cochran EJ et al (1999). Clinicopathological findings following intraventricular glial-derived neurotrophic factor treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 46: 419-424.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 419-424
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Palfi, S.2    Chen, E.Y.3    Ma, S.Y.4    Sendera, T.5    Cochran, E.J.6
  • 19
    • 33644810653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine reduces hematoma expansion in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage, resulting in functional improvement
    • Lee ST, Chu K, Jung KH, Kim J, Kim EH, Kim SJ et al (2006). Memantine reduces hematoma expansion in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage, resulting in functional improvement. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26: 536-544.
    • (2006) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.26 , pp. 536-544
    • Lee, S.T.1    Chu, K.2    Jung, K.H.3    Kim, J.4    Kim, E.H.5    Kim, S.J.6
  • 20
    • 0027285510 scopus 로고
    • GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • Lin LF, Doherty DH, Lile JD, Bektesh S, Collins F (1993). GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 260: 1130-1132.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1130-1132
    • Lin, L.F.1    Doherty, D.H.2    Lile, J.D.3    Bektesh, S.4    Collins, F.5
  • 21
    • 34249093924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologically-activated therapeutics for neuroprotection: Mechanism of NMDA receptor block by memantine and S-nitrosylation
    • Lipton SA (2007). Pathologically-activated therapeutics for neuroprotection: mechanism of NMDA receptor block by memantine and S-nitrosylation. Curr Drug Targets 8: 621-632.
    • (2007) Curr Drug Targets , vol.8 , pp. 621-632
    • Lipton, S.A.1
  • 22
    • 0037208945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary rat mesencephalic neuron-glia, neuron-enriched, microglia-enriched, and astroglia-enriched cultures
    • Liu B, Hong JS (2003a). Primary rat mesencephalic neuron-glia, neuron-enriched, microglia-enriched, and astroglia-enriched cultures. Methods Mol Med 79: 387-395.
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.79 , pp. 387-395
    • Liu, B.1    Hong, J.S.2
  • 23
    • 0037215645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of microglia in inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention
    • Liu B, Hong JS (2003b). Role of microglia in inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304: 1-7.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.304 , pp. 1-7
    • Liu, B.1    Hong, J.S.2
  • 24
    • 0036721255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by naloxone stereoisomers of beta-amyloid peptide (1-42)-induced superoxide production in microglia and degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons
    • Liu Y, Qin L, Wilson BC, An L, Hong JS, Liu B (2002). Inhibition by naloxone stereoisomers of beta-amyloid peptide (1-42)-induced superoxide production in microglia and degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302: 1212-1219.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 1212-1219
    • Liu, Y.1    Qin, L.2    Wilson, B.C.3    An, L.4    Hong, J.S.5    Liu, B.6
  • 25
    • 0032730121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of memantine (NMDA antagonist) on Parkinson's disease: A double-blind crossover randomized study
    • Merello M, Nouzeilles MI, Cammarota A, Leiguarda R (1999). Effect of memantine (NMDA antagonist) on Parkinson's disease: a double-blind crossover randomized study. Clin Neuropharmacol 22: 273-276.
    • (1999) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 273-276
    • Merello, M.1    Nouzeilles, M.I.2    Cammarota, A.3    Leiguarda, R.4
  • 26
    • 0027233992 scopus 로고
    • Cytoprotective effect of NMDA receptor antagonists on prion protein (PrionSc)-induced toxicity in rat cortical cell cultures
    • Muller WE, Ushijima H, Schroder HC, Forrest JM, Schatton WF, Rytik PG et al (1993). Cytoprotective effect of NMDA receptor antagonists on prion protein (PrionSc)-induced toxicity in rat cortical cell cultures. Eur J Pharmacol 246: 261-267.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.246 , pp. 261-267
    • Muller, W.E.1    Ushijima, H.2    Schroder, H.C.3    Forrest, J.M.4    Schatton, W.F.5    Rytik, P.G.6
  • 27
    • 0035239020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the control human brain, and in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
    • Murer MG, Yan Q, Raisman-Vozari R (2001). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the control human brain, and in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 63: 71-124.
    • (2001) Prog Neurobiol , vol.63 , pp. 71-124
    • Murer, M.G.1    Yan, Q.2    Raisman-Vozari, R.3
  • 28
    • 0033951751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: Protection by memantine
    • Nath A, Haughey NJ, Jones M, Anderson C, Bell JE, Geiger JD (2000). Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine. Ann Neurol 47: 186-194.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 186-194
    • Nath, A.1    Haughey, N.J.2    Jones, M.3    Anderson, C.4    Bell, J.E.5    Geiger, J.D.6
  • 29
    • 0037435511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD
    • Nutt JG, Burchiel KJ, Comella CL, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Laws Jr ER et al (2003). Randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD. Neurology 60: 69-73.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 69-73
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Burchiel, K.J.2    Comella, C.L.3    Jankovic, J.4    Lang, A.E.5    Laws Jr, E.R.6
  • 30
  • 31
    • 34948842904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine: A NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic systemFtoo little activation is bad, too much is even worse
    • Parsons CG, Stoffler A, Danysz W (2007). Memantine: a NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic systemFtoo little activation is bad, too much is even worse. Neuropharmacology 53: 699-723.
    • (2007) Neuropharmacology , vol.53 , pp. 699-723
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Stoffler, A.2    Danysz, W.3
  • 32
    • 41249088472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson's disease with trophic factors
    • Peterson AL, Nutt JG (2008). Treatment of Parkinson's disease with trophic factors. Neurotherapeutics 5: 270-280.
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , pp. 270-280
    • Peterson, A.L.1    Nutt, J.G.2
  • 34
    • 0036845314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia enhance beta-amyloid peptide-induced toxicity in cortical and mesencephalic neurons by producing reactive oxygen species
    • Qin L, Liu Y, Cooper C, Liu B, Wilson B, Hong JS (2002). Microglia enhance beta-amyloid peptide-induced toxicity in cortical and mesencephalic neurons by producing reactive oxygen species. J Neurochem 83: 973-983.
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.83 , pp. 973-983
    • Qin, L.1    Liu, Y.2    Cooper, C.3    Liu, B.4    Wilson, B.5    Hong, J.S.6
  • 35
    • 0346463000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADPH oxidase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and proinflammatory gene expression in activated microglia
    • Qin L, Liu Y, Wang T, Wei SJ, Block ML, Wilson B et al (2004). NADPH oxidase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and proinflammatory gene expression in activated microglia. J Biol Chem 279: 1415-1421.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 1415-1421
    • Qin, L.1    Liu, Y.2    Wang, T.3    Wei, S.J.4    Block, M.L.5    Wilson, B.6
  • 36
    • 33847759064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration
    • Qin L, Wu X, Block ML, Liu Y, Breese GR, Hong JS et al (2007). Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Glia 55: 453-462.
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , pp. 453-462
    • Qin, L.1    Wu, X.2    Block, M.L.3    Liu, Y.4    Breese, G.R.5    Hong, J.S.6
  • 37
    • 32544456878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glia as a therapeutic target: Selective suppression of human amyloid-beta-induced upregulation of brain proinflammatory cytokine production attenuates neurodegeneration
    • Ralay Ranaivo H, Craft JM, Hu W, Guo L, Wing LK, Van Eldik LJ et al (2006). Glia as a therapeutic target: selective suppression of human amyloid-beta-induced upregulation of brain proinflammatory cytokine production attenuates neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 26: 662-670.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 662-670
    • Ralay Ranaivo, H.1    Craft, J.M.2    Hu, W.3    Guo, L.4    Wing, L.K.5    Van Eldik, L.J.6
  • 39
    • 34547380204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Are microglia pathogenic in either disorder?
    • Rogers J, Mastroeni D, Leonard B, Joyce J, Grover A (2007). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: are microglia pathogenic in either disorder? Int Rev Neurobiol 82: 235-246.
    • (2007) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.82 , pp. 235-246
    • Rogers, J.1    Mastroeni, D.2    Leonard, B.3    Joyce, J.4    Grover, A.5
  • 40
    • 33750353034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation, restores behaviorally-induced gene expression and spatial learning in the rat
    • Rosi S, Vazdarjanova A, Ramirez-Amaya V, Worley PF, Barnes CA, Wenk GL (2006). Memantine protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation, restores behaviorally-induced gene expression and spatial learning in the rat. Neuroscience 142: 1303-1315.
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.142 , pp. 1303-1315
    • Rosi, S.1    Vazdarjanova, A.2    Ramirez-Amaya, V.3    Worley, P.F.4    Barnes, C.A.5    Wenk, G.L.6
  • 41
    • 37849050242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease: Role of axonal transport
    • Schindowski K, Belarbi K, Buee L (2008). Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease: role of axonal transport. Genes Brain Behav 7(Suppl 1): 43-56.
    • (2008) Genes Brain Behav , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 43-56
    • Schindowski, K.1    Belarbi, K.2    Buee, L.3
  • 42
    • 15444363122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuritic beading induced by activated microglia is an early feature of neuronal dysfunction toward neuronal death by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and axonal transport
    • Takeuchi H, Mizuno T, Zhang G, Wang J, Kawanokuchi J, Kuno R et al (2005). Neuritic beading induced by activated microglia is an early feature of neuronal dysfunction toward neuronal death by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and axonal transport. J Biol Chem 280: 10444-10454.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 10444-10454
    • Takeuchi, H.1    Mizuno, T.2    Zhang, G.3    Wang, J.4    Kawanokuchi, J.5    Kuno, R.6
  • 43
    • 0030812843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1
    • Tanaka K, Watase K, Manabe T, Yamada K, Watanabe M, Takahashi K et al (1997). Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1. Science 276: 1699-1702.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1699-1702
    • Tanaka, K.1    Watase, K.2    Manabe, T.3    Yamada, K.4    Watanabe, M.5    Takahashi, K.6
  • 46
    • 1242272010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and UV radiation-induced nucleoside diphosphate protein kinase B mediates neoplastic transformation of epidermal cells
    • Wei SJ, Trempus CS, Ali RC, Hansen LA, Tennant RW (2004). 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and UV radiation-induced nucleoside diphosphate protein kinase B mediates neoplastic transformation of epidermal cells. J Biol Chem 279: 5993-6004.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 5993-6004
    • Wei, S.J.1    Trempus, C.S.2    Ali, R.C.3    Hansen, L.A.4    Tennant, R.W.5
  • 47
    • 0027246262 scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate toxicity of cultured cerebellar, cortical and mesencephalic neurons: Neuroprotective properties of amantadine and memantine
    • Weller M, Finiels-Marlier F, Paul SM (1993a). NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate toxicity of cultured cerebellar, cortical and mesencephalic neurons: neuroprotective properties of amantadine and memantine. Brain Res 613: 143-148.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.613 , pp. 143-148
    • Weller, M.1    Finiels-Marlier, F.2    Paul, S.M.3
  • 48
    • 0027787666 scopus 로고
    • MK-801 and memantine protect cultured neurons from glutamate toxicity induced by glutamate carboxypeptidase-mediated cleavage of methotrexate
    • Weller M, Marini AM, Finiels-Marlier F, Martin B, Paul SM (1993b). MK-801 and memantine protect cultured neurons from glutamate toxicity induced by glutamate carboxypeptidase-mediated cleavage of methotrexate. Eur J Pharmacol 248: 303-312.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.248 , pp. 303-312
    • Weller, M.1    Marini, A.M.2    Finiels-Marlier, F.3    Martin, B.4    Paul, S.M.5
  • 49
    • 33748296153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as executors of neurodegeneration resulting from diverse insults: Focus on memantine
    • Wenk GL, Parsons CG, Danysz W (2006). Potential role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as executors of neurodegeneration resulting from diverse insults: focus on memantine. Behav Pharmacol 17: 411-424.
    • (2006) Behav Pharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 411-424
    • Wenk, G.L.1    Parsons, C.G.2    Danysz, W.3
  • 50
    • 0036840767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500)
    • Wilcock G, Mobius HJ, Stoffler A (2002). A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). Int Clin Psychopharmacol 17: 297-305.
    • (2002) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 297-305
    • Wilcock, G.1    Mobius, H.J.2    Stoffler, A.3
  • 51
    • 0033856448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cytotoxicity of chronic neuroinflammation upon basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of rats can be attenuated by glutamatergic antagonism or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition
    • Willard LB, Hauss-Wegrzyniak B, Danysz W, Wenk GL (2000). The cytotoxicity of chronic neuroinflammation upon basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of rats can be attenuated by glutamatergic antagonism or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Exp Brain Res 134: 58-65.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.134 , pp. 58-65
    • Willard, L.B.1    Hauss-Wegrzyniak, B.2    Danysz, W.3    Wenk, G.L.4
  • 52
    • 55549129648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone deacetylase inhibitors up-regulate astrocyte GDNF and BDNF gene transcription and protect dopaminergic neurons
    • Wu X, Chen PS, Dallas S, Wilson B, Block ML, Wang CC et al (2008). Histone deacetylase inhibitors up-regulate astrocyte GDNF and BDNF gene transcription and protect dopaminergic neurons. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11: 1123-1134.
    • (2008) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 1123-1134
    • Wu, X.1    Chen, P.S.2    Dallas, S.3    Wilson, B.4    Block, M.L.5    Wang, C.C.6
  • 53
    • 33748471099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in Alzheimer disease: Driving force, bystander or beneficial response?
    • Wyss-Coray T (2006). Inflammation in Alzheimer disease: driving force, bystander or beneficial response? Nat Med 12: 1005-1015.
    • (2006) Nat Med , vol.12 , pp. 1005-1015
    • Wyss-Coray, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.