메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 13, 2009, Pages 2127-2143

Autism: An emerging 'neuroimmune disorder' in search of therapy

Author keywords

Autism; Blood brain barrier; Cytokines; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Intestine; Mast cells; Mastocytosis; Oxidative stress; Psychotropic agents; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; CYPROHEPTADINE; FLAVONOID; HALOPERIDOL; KETOTIFEN; LUTEOLIN; METHYLPHENIDATE; NALTREXONE; NEUROPROTEK; OLANZAPINE; PROTEOGLYCAN; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; QUERCETIN; RISPERIDONE; RUPATADINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 68949159751     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656560903107789     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (215)
  • 1
    • 33746860422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and links with immunizations
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-2993
    • Fombonne E, Zakarian R, Bennett A, et al. Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: prevalence and links with immunizations. Pediatrics 2006;118(1):e139-50 (Pubitemid 46071129)
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.1
    • Fombonne, E.1    Zakarian, R.2    Bennett, A.3    Meng, L.4    McLean-Heywood, D.5
  • 2
    • 33846951841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder-Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, United States, 2000 and 2002
    • Gerberding J. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder-Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, United States, 2000 and 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;56(1S):1-40
    • (2007) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.56 , Issue.1 S , pp. 1-40
    • Gerberding, J.1
  • 4
    • 0037218690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area
    • Yeargin-Allsopp M, Rice C, Karapurkar T, et al. Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area. JAMA 2003;289(1):49-55
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-55
    • Yeargin-Allsopp, M.1    Rice, C.2    Karapurkar, T.3
  • 5
    • 33746907748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental report of health conditions and health care use among children with and without autism: National Survey of Children's Health
    • Gurney JG, McPheeters ML, Davis MM. Parental report of health conditions and health care use among children with and without autism: National Survey of Children's Health. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160(8):825-830
    • (2006) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.160 , Issue.8 , pp. 825-830
    • Gurney, J.G.1    McPheeters, M.L.2    Davis, M.M.3
  • 7
    • 33846951841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center for disease control: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders -autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, 2000
    • Center for disease control: prevalence of autism spectrum disorders -autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, 2000. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;15:1-11
    • (2007) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.15 , pp. 1-11
  • 9
    • 67049118065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders
    • Most recent review of all published studies on the prevalence of autism
    • Fombonne E. Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatr Res 2009;65(6):591-598 Most recent review of all published studies on the prevalence of autism.
    • (2009) Pediatr Res , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 591-598
    • Fombonne, E.1
  • 10
    • 67349152455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise in autism and the role of age at diagnosis
    • Hertz-Picciotto I, Delwiche L. The rise in autism and the role of age at diagnosis. Epidemiology 2009;20(1):84-90
    • (2009) Epidemiology , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-90
    • Hertz-Picciotto, I.1    Delwiche, L.2
  • 12
    • 33750130715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence of persisting measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with autism spectrum disorder
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-1262
    • D'Souza Y, Fombonne E, Ward BJ. No evidence of persisting measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics 2006;118(4):1664-1675 (Pubitemid 46393815)
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 1664-1675
    • D'Souza, Y.1    Fombonne, E.2    Ward, B.J.3
  • 13
    • 36148943197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccines and autism: Evidence does not support a causal association
    • Destefano F. Vaccines and autism: evidence does not support a causal association. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82(6):756-759
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 756-759
    • Destefano, F.1
  • 14
    • 39649105677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury, vaccines, and autism: One controversy, three histories
    • Baker JP. Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories. Am J Public Health 2008;98:244-253
    • (2008) Am J Public Health , vol.98 , pp. 244-253
    • Baker, J.P.1
  • 15
    • 38049134981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal disappears but autism remains
    • Fombonne E. Thimerosal disappears but autism remains. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65(1):15-16
    • (2008) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-16
    • Fombonne, E.1
  • 16
    • 56249109122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1-9 years
    • Gallagher C, Goodman M. Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1-9 years. Toxicol Environ Chem 2008;90(5):997-1008
    • (2008) Toxicol Environ Chem , vol.90 , Issue.5 , pp. 997-1008
    • Gallagher, C.1    Goodman, M.2
  • 17
    • 33845972290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States
    • Geier DA, Geier MR. A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006;27(4):401-413
    • (2006) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-413
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 19
    • 45849123206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: An assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
    • This recent review of the available data indicates a strong association between autism cases and exposure to mercury-containing vaccines
    • Young HA, Geier DA, Geier MR. Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: an assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. J Neurol Sci 2008;271(1-2):110-8 This recent review of the available data indicates a strong association between autism cases and exposure to mercury-containing vaccines.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.271 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 110-118
    • Young, H.A.1    Geier, D.A.2    Geier, M.R.3
  • 20
    • 43149090795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is new in autism?
    • Rapin I, Tuchman RF. What is new in autism? Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21(2):143-149
    • (2008) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-149
    • Rapin, I.1    Tuchman, R.F.2
  • 22
    • 58549101513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autistic phenotypes and genetic testing: State-of-the-art for the clinical geneticist
    • A good review of genetic disorders associated with autism
    • Lintas C, Persico AM. Autistic phenotypes and genetic testing: state-of-the-art for the clinical geneticist. J Med Genet 2009;46:1-8 A good review of genetic disorders associated with autism.
    • (2009) J Med Genet , vol.46 , pp. 1-8
    • Lintas, C.1    Persico, A.M.2
  • 23
    • 72949113608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered calcium homeostasis in autism-spectrum disorders: Evidence from biochemical and genetic studies of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier AGC1
    • [Epub ahead of print] An interesting report not only of a mitochondrial dysfunction on autism, but also of a strong association with allergies
    • Palmieri L, Papaleo V, Porcelli V, et al. Altered calcium homeostasis in autism-spectrum disorders: evidence from biochemical and genetic studies of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier AGC1. Mol Psychiatry 2008. [Epub ahead of print] An interesting report not only of a mitochondrial dysfunction on autism, but also of a strong association with allergies.
    • (2008) Mol Psychiatry
    • Palmieri, L.1    Papaleo, V.2    Porcelli, V.3
  • 24
    • 43849112803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune transcriptome alterations in the temporal cortex of subjects with autism
    • Garbett K, Ebert PJ, Mitchell A, et al. Immune transcriptome alterations in the temporal cortex of subjects with autism. Neurobiol Dis 2008;30(3):303-311
    • (2008) Neurobiol Dis , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-311
    • Garbett, K.1    Ebert, P.J.2    Mitchell, A.3
  • 25
    • 67649387094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the PRKCB1 gene in autistic disorder: Significant genetic association and reduced neocortical gene expression
    • Lintas C, Sacco R, Garbett K, et al. Involvement of the PRKCB1 gene in autistic disorder: significant genetic association and reduced neocortical gene expression. Mol Psychiatry 2008;14(7):705-718
    • (2008) Mol Psychiatry , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 705-718
    • Lintas, C.1    Sacco, R.2    Garbett, K.3
  • 26
    • 33746314832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for ways out of the autism maze: Genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.010, PII S0166223606001111
    • Persico AM, Bourgeron T. Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues. Trends Neurosci 2006;29(7):349-358 (Pubitemid 44108247)
    • (2006) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 349-358
    • Persico, A.M.1    Bourgeron, T.2
  • 27
    • 65249185072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for genetic screening in autism spectrum disorders: Efficient identification of known microduplications and identification of a novel microduplication in ASMT
    • A potential rapid screening of a genetic problem associated with a small percentage of autistic cases
    • Cai G, Edelmann L, Goldsmith JE, et al. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for genetic screening in autism spectrum disorders: efficient identification of known microduplications and identification of a novel microduplication in ASMT. BMC Med Genomics 2008;1:50 A potential rapid screening of a genetic problem associated with a small percentage of autistic cases.
    • (2008) BMC Med Genomics , vol.1 , pp. 50
    • Cai, G.1    Edelmann, L.2    Goldsmith, J.E.3
  • 28
    • 67349112868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders
    • Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell adhesion molecules in autism
    • Wang K, Zhang H, Ma D, et al. Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders. Nature 2009;459:528-533 Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell adhesion molecules in autism.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 528-533
    • Wang, K.1    Zhang, H.2    Ma, D.3
  • 29
    • 67349182343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and neuronal genes
    • Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell adhesion molecules in autism
    • Glessner JT, Wang K, Cai G, et al. Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and neuronal genes. Nature 2009;459:569-573 Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell adhesion molecules in autism.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 569-573
    • Glessner, J.T.1    Wang, K.2    Cai, G.3
  • 30
    • 77957114262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density SNP association study of the 17q21 chromosomal region linked to autism identifies CACNA1G as a novel candidate gene
    • [Epub ahead of print] Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell calcium channels in autism
    • Strom SP, Stone JL, Ten B, et al. High-density SNP association study of the 17q21 chromosomal region linked to autism identifies CACNA1G as a novel candidate gene. Mol Psychiatry 2009. [Epub ahead of print] Important study showing gene abnormalities associated with encoding neuronal cell calcium channels in autism.
    • (2009) Mol Psychiatry
    • Strom, S.P.1    Stone, J.L.2    Ten, B.3
  • 33
    • 45549099735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the human thioredoxin system. a molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity
    • Carvalho CM, Chew EH, Hashemy SI, et al. Inhibition of the human thioredoxin system. A molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity. J Biol Chem 2008;283(18):11913-11923
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , Issue.18 , pp. 11913-11923
    • Carvalho, C.M.1    Chew, E.H.2    Hashemy, S.I.3
  • 34
    • 68849131751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • James SJ, Rose S, Melnyk S, et al. Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism. FASEB 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2009) FASEB
    • James, S.J.1    Rose, S.2    Melnyk, S.3
  • 35
    • 58849106335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of transsulfuration biomarkers in autistic disorders
    • Important study showing increased oxidative stress and reduced detoxification ability in patients with ASDs
    • Geier DA, Kern JK, Garver CR, et al. A prospective study of transsulfuration biomarkers in autistic disorders. Neurochem Res 2009;34(2):386-393 Important study showing increased oxidative stress and reduced detoxification ability in patients with ASDs.
    • (2009) Neurochem Res , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 386-393
    • Geier, D.A.1    Kern, J.K.2    Garver, C.R.3
  • 36
    • 63349088354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of environmental toxicity and susceptibility in autism
    • Important study showing increased oxidative stress and reduced detoxification ability, especially for mercury, in patients with ASDs
    • Geier DA, Kern JK, Garver CR, et al. Biomarkers of environmental toxicity and susceptibility in autism. J Neurol Sci 2008;280(1-2):101-108 Important study showing increased oxidative stress and reduced detoxification ability, especially for mercury, in patients with ASDs.
    • (2008) J Neurol Sci , vol.280 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 101-108
    • Geier, D.A.1    Kern, J.K.2    Garver, C.R.3
  • 39
    • 56349142882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal transmethylation/ transsulfuration metabolism and DNA hypomethylation among parents of children with autism
    • James JS, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, et al. Abnormal transmethylation/ transsulfuration metabolism and DNA hypomethylation among parents of children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2008;38(10):1966-1975
    • (2008) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 1966-1975
    • James, J.S.1    Melnyk, S.2    Jernigan, S.3
  • 40
    • 4444347472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in autism: Increased lipid peroxidation and reduced serum levels of ceruloplasmin and transferrin - The antioxidant proteins
    • DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.038, PII S0024320504006605
    • Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Brown WT, Cohen I. Oxidative stress in autism: increased lipid peroxidation and reduced serum levels of ceruloplasmin and transferrin-the antioxidant proteins. Life Sci 2004;75(21):2539-2549 (Pubitemid 39195260)
    • (2004) Life Sciences , vol.75 , Issue.21 , pp. 2539-2549
    • Chauhan, A.1    Chauhan, V.2    Brown, W.T.3    Cohen, I.4
  • 41
    • 33747202981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered vascular phenotype in autism: Correlation with oxidative stress
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.63.8.1161
    • Yao Y, Walsh WJ, McGinnis WR, Pratico D. Altered vascular phenotype in autism: correlation with oxidative stress. Arch Neurol 2006;63(8):1161-1164 (Pubitemid 44232325)
    • (2006) Archives of Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.8 , pp. 1161-1164
    • Yao, Y.1    Walsh, W.J.2    McGinnis, W.R.3    Pratico, D.4
  • 42
    • 56849108261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: A cohort analysis
    • Important study showing that there is mitochondrial disease and also a high prevalence of GI symptoms in patients with ASDs
    • Weissman JR, Kelley RI, Bauman ML, et al. Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: A cohort analysis. PloS One 2008;3(11):e3815 Important study showing that there is mitochondrial disease and also a high prevalence of GI symptoms in patients with ASDs.
    • (2008) PloS One , vol.3 , Issue.11
    • Weissman, J.R.1    Kelley, R.I.2    Bauman, M.L.3
  • 43
    • 37849037738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: A redox/methylation hypothesis
    • Useful review summarizing the evidence for reduced capacity to neutralize free oxygen radicals in ASDs
    • Deth R, Muratore C, Benzecry J, et al. How environmental and genetic factors combine to cause autism: a redox/methylation hypothesis. Neurotoxicology 2008;29(1):190-201 Useful review summarizing the evidence for reduced capacity to neutralize free oxygen radicals in ASDs.
    • (2008) Neurotoxicology , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 190-201
    • Deth, R.1    Muratore, C.2    Benzecry, J.3
  • 44
    • 30644461549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity, neuroglia and neuroinflammation in autism
    • Good review of evidence of brain inflammation in ASDs
    • Pardo CA, Vargas DL, Zimmerman AW. Immunity, neuroglia and neuroinflammation in autism. Int Rev Psychiatry 2005;17(6):485-495 Good review of evidence of brain inflammation in ASDs.
    • (2005) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 485-495
    • Pardo, C.A.1    Vargas, D.L.2    Zimmerman, A.W.3
  • 45
    • 8844277748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is autism an autoimmune disease?
    • Good review of evidence of brain autoantibodies in ASDs
    • Ashwood P, van de Water J. Is autism an autoimmune disease? Autoimmun Rev 2004;3(7-8):557-562 Good review of evidence of brain autoantibodies in ASDs.
    • (2004) Autoimmun Rev , vol.3 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 557-562
    • Ashwood, P.1    Van De Water, J.2
  • 46
    • 33751581761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune response in autism: A new frontier for autism research
    • DOI 10.1189/jlb.1205707
    • Ashwood P, Wills S, van de Water J. The immune response in autism: a new frontier for autism research. J Leukoc Biol 2006;80(1):1-15 (Pubitemid 44841805)
    • (2006) Journal of Leukocyte Biology , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Ashwood, P.1    Wills, S.2    Van De Water, J.3
  • 47
    • 33645232376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological findings in autism
    • Cohly HH, Panja A. Immunological findings in autism. Int Rev Neurobiol 2005;71:317-341
    • (2005) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.71 , pp. 317-341
    • Cohly, H.H.1    Panja, A.2
  • 49
    • 56949100252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered gene expression and function of peripheral blood natural killer cells in children with autism
    • Enstrom AM, Lit L, Onore CE, et al. Altered gene expression and function of peripheral blood natural killer cells in children with autism. Brain Behav Immun 2009;23:124-133
    • (2009) Brain Behav Immun , vol.23 , pp. 124-133
    • Enstrom, A.M.1    Lit, L.2    Onore, C.E.3
  • 50
    • 34249864530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Autistic Children
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.01.012, PII S0887899407000628
    • Chez MG, Dowling T, Patel PB, et al. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid of autistic children. Pediatr Neurol 2007;36(6):361-365 Important study showing increased CSF levels of TNF in ASD patients. (Pubitemid 46873913)
    • (2007) Pediatric Neurology , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 361-365
    • Chez, M.G.1    Dowling, T.2    Patel, P.B.3    Khanna, P.4    Kominsky, M.5
  • 52
    • 60149103359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients
    • Li X, Chauhan A, Sheikh AM, et al. Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients. J Neuroimmunol 2009;207(1-2):111-116
    • (2009) J Neuroimmunol , vol.207 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-116
    • Li, X.1    Chauhan, A.2    Sheikh, A.M.3
  • 54
    • 0019960796 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome of autism
    • Weizman A, Weizman R, Szekely GA, et al. Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome of autism. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139(11):1462-1465
    • (1982) Am J Psychiatry , vol.139 , Issue.11 , pp. 1462-1465
    • Weizman, A.1    Weizman, R.2    Szekely, G.A.3
  • 55
    • 62549100406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders
    • Ashwood P, Schauer J, Pessah IN, de Water JV. Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2009;208:130-135
    • (2009) J Neuroimmunol , vol.208 , pp. 130-135
    • Ashwood, P.1    Schauer, J.2    Pessah, I.N.3    De Water, J.V.4
  • 56
    • 49849104918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autism spectrum disorders
    • Important study showing increased blood levels of the pro-inflammatory molecule MIF in ASDs
    • Grigorenko EL, Han SS, Yrigollen CM, et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 2008;122(2):e438-45 Important study showing increased blood levels of the pro-inflammatory molecule MIF in ASDs.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , Issue.2
    • Grigorenko, E.L.1    Han, S.S.2    Yrigollen, C.M.3
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0030941316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of RANTES and MCP-1 chemokines on in vivo basophilic cell recruitment in rat skin injection model and their role in modifying the protein and mRNA levels for histidine decarboxylase
    • Conti P, Pang X, Boucher W, et al. Impact of Rantes and MCP-1 chemokines on in vivo basophilic mast cell recruitment in rat skin injection model and their role in modifying the protein and mRNA levels for histidine decarboxylase. Blood 1997;89:4120-4127 (Pubitemid 27220960)
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , Issue.11 , pp. 4120-4127
    • Conti, P.1    Pang, X.2    Boucher, W.3    Letourneau, R.4    Reale, M.5    Barbacane, R.C.6    Thibault, J.7    Theoharides, T.C.8
  • 59
    • 54349091759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: A potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomes
    • Important study showing decreased levels of a potential immunomodulator in ASDs
    • Ashwood P, Enstrom A, Krakowiak P, et al. Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: a potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomes. J Neuroimmunol 2008;204:149-153 Important study showing decreased levels of a potential immunomodulator in ASDs.
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.204 , pp. 149-153
    • Ashwood, P.1    Enstrom, A.2    Krakowiak, P.3
  • 60
    • 21044443891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, phenotype, and function of human intestinal mast cells are tightly regulated by transforming growth factor β1
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.2004.054650
    • Gebhardt T, Lorentz A, Detmer F, et al. Growth, phenotype, and function of human intestinal mast cells are tightly regulated by transforming growth factor beta1. Gut 2005;54(7):928-934 (Pubitemid 40873903)
    • (2005) Gut , vol.54 , Issue.7 , pp. 928-934
    • Gebhardt, T.1    Lorentz, A.2    Detmer, F.3    Trautwein, C.4    Bektas, H.5    Manns, M.P.6    Bischoff, S.C.7
  • 62
    • 33748068142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 in the maternal circulation reaches the rat fetus in mid-gestation
    • DOI 10.1203/01.pdr.0000230026.74139.18, PII 0000645020060800000007
    • Dahlgren J, Samuelsson AM, Jansson T, Holmang A. Interleukin-6 in the maternal circulation reaches the rat fetus in mid-gestation. Pediatr Res 2006;60(2):147-51 Interesting paper showing that high maternal IL-6 could reach the fetus. (Pubitemid 44297583)
    • (2006) Pediatric Research , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-151
    • Dahlgren, J.1    Samuelsson, A.-M.2    Jansson, T.3    Holmang, A.4
  • 63
    • 35148872226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6
    • DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2178-07.2007
    • Smith SE, Li J, Garbett K, et al. Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6. J Neurosci 2007;27(40):10695-702 Interesting study showing that IL-6 can induce ASD-like behavior in mice. (Pubitemid 47535869)
    • (2007) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.27 , Issue.40 , pp. 10695-10702
    • Smith, S.E.P.1    Li, J.2    Garbett, K.3    Mirnics, K.4    Patterson, P.H.5
  • 64
    • 0038094519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced interleukin-6 release in mice is mast cell-dependent and more pronounced in Apolipoprotein e knockout mice
    • DOI 10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00340-7
    • Huang M, Pang X, Karalis K, Theoharides TC. Stress-induced interleukin-6 release in mice is mast cell-dependent and more pronounced in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 2003;59(1):241-9 First report to show that acute stress increases serum IL-6, which is entirely dependent on mast cells. (Pubitemid 36776390)
    • (2003) Cardiovascular Research , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 241-249
    • Huang, M.1    Pang, X.2    Karalis, K.3    Theoharides, T.C.4
  • 65
    • 0031777698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and blood-brain barrier permeability
    • de Boer AG, Breimer DD. Cytokines and blood-brain barrier permeability. Prog Brain Res 1998;115:425-451
    • (1998) Prog Brain Res , vol.115 , pp. 425-451
    • De Boer, A.G.1    Breimer, D.D.2
  • 66
    • 0033962411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mediators and modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1007074420772
    • Abbott NJ. Inflammatory mediators and modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2000;20:131-147 (Pubitemid 30091452)
    • (2000) Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-147
    • Abbott, N.J.1
  • 67
    • 0036344430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to neuron-specific antigens in children with autism: Possible cross-reaction with encephalitogenic proteins from milk, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus group a
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00180-7, PII S0165572802001807
    • Vojdani A, Campbell AW, Anyanwu E, et al. Antibodies to neuron-specific antigens in children with autism: possible cross-reaction with encephalitogenic proteins from milk, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Streptococcus group A. J Neuroimmunol 2002;129(1-2):168-177 (Pubitemid 34874922)
    • (2002) Journal of Neuroimmunology , vol.129 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 168-177
    • Vojdani, A.1    Campbell, A.W.2    Anyanwu, E.3    Kashanian, A.4    Bock, K.5    Vojdani, E.6
  • 68
    • 56949085021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of autoantibodies to neural cells of the cerebellum in the plasma of subjects with autism spectrum disorders
    • Wills S, Cabanlit M, Bennett J, et al. Detection of autoantibodies to neural cells of the cerebellum in the plasma of subjects with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2008;23:64-74
    • (2008) Brain Behav Immun , vol.23 , pp. 64-74
    • Wills, S.1    Cabanlit, M.2    Bennett, J.3
  • 69
    • 33748189764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibrain antibodies in children with autism and their unaffected siblings
    • Important study showing the presence of antibrain antibodies in children with ASDs but not in their unaffected siblings
    • Singer HS, Morris CM, Williams PN, et al. Antibrain antibodies in children with autism and their unaffected siblings. J Neuroimmunol 2006;178(1-2):149-155 Important study showing the presence of antibrain antibodies in children with ASDs but not in their unaffected siblings.
    • (2006) J Neuroimmunol , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 149-155
    • Singer, H.S.1    Morris, C.M.2    Williams, P.N.3
  • 71
    • 39849108772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against fetal brain in sera of mothers with autistic children
    • Important study showing antifetal brain antibodies in mothers of autistic children, suggesting that the fetal BBB was disrupted in utero
    • Singer HS, Morris CM, Gause CD, et al. Antibodies against fetal brain in sera of mothers with autistic children. J Neuroimmunol 2008;194(1-2):165-172 Important study showing antifetal brain antibodies in mothers of autistic children, suggesting that the fetal BBB was disrupted in utero.
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.194 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 165-172
    • Singer, H.S.1    Morris, C.M.2    Gause, C.D.3
  • 73
    • 39749104429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism: Maternally derived antibodies specific for fetal brain proteins
    • Important study showing antifetal brain antibodies in mothers of autistic children, suggesting that the fetal BBB was disrupted in utero
    • Braunschweig D, Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, et al. Autism: maternally derived antibodies specific for fetal brain proteins. Neurotoxicology 2008;29(2):226-231 Important study showing antifetal brain antibodies in mothers of autistic children, suggesting that the fetal BBB was disrupted in utero.
    • (2008) Neurotoxicology , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-231
    • Braunschweig, D.1    Ashwood, P.2    Krakowiak, P.3
  • 74
    • 68949084427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of principal components in autistic disorder symptomatology and their association with biological endophenotypes
    • Preliminary report that the only significant association of autism is with history of allergies in a large group of Italian children with ASDs
    • Persico AM, Sacco R, Curatolo P, et al. Isolation of principal components in autistic disorder symptomatology and their association with biological endophenotypes. Proc Society for Neuroscience, Washington; 2008 Preliminary report that the only significant association of autism is with history of allergies in a large group of Italian children with ASDs.
    • Proc Society for Neuroscience, Washington; 2008
    • Persico, A.M.1    Sacco, R.2    Curatolo, P.3
  • 75
    • 58549083388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of innate immunity in a subset of children with autism spectrum disorders: A case control study
    • Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Cushing-Ruby A, Quraishi H. Impact of innate immunity in a subset of children with autism spectrum disorders: a case control study. J Neuroinflamm 2008;5:52
    • (2008) J Neuroinflamm , vol.5 , pp. 52
    • Jyonouchi, H.1    Geng, L.2    Cushing-Ruby, A.3    Quraishi, H.4
  • 78
    • 34547396994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological burden of food allergy
    • Good paper reviewing psychological adverse effects stemming from food allergies
    • Teufel M, Biedermann T, Rapps N, et al. Psychological burden of food allergy. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13(25):3456-3465 Good paper reviewing psychological adverse effects stemming from food allergies.
    • (2007) World J Gastroenterol , vol.13 , Issue.25 , pp. 3456-3465
    • Teufel, M.1    Biedermann, T.2    Rapps, N.3
  • 79
    • 52249115660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food allergy
    • Lack G. Food allergy. N Engl J Med 2008;359(12):1252-1260
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.12 , pp. 1252-1260
    • Lack, G.1
  • 80
    • 33745164868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food allergies and food intolerances
    • Good review of the differences between food allergies and intolerance that are often confused
    • Ortolani C, Pastorello EA. Food allergies and food intolerances. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006;20(3):467-483 Good review of the differences between food allergies and intolerance that are often confused.
    • (2006) Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 467-483
    • Ortolani, C.1    Pastorello, E.A.2
  • 81
    • 34447271491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal mast cells are pivotal elements in inflammatory bowel disease that connect the dots: Stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation
    • Farhadi A, Fields JZ, Keshavarzian A. Mucosal mast cells are pivotal elements in inflammatory bowel disease that connect the dots: stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13(22):3027-3030 (Pubitemid 47045457)
    • (2007) World Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.13 , Issue.22 , pp. 3027-3030
    • Farhadi, A.1    Fields, J.Z.2    Keshavarzian, A.3
  • 82
    • 34548853957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells and nerves tickle in the tummy. Implications for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome
    • Rijnierse A, Nijkamp FP, Kraneveld AD. Mast cells and nerves tickle in the tummy. Implications for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 2007;116:207-235
    • (2007) Pharmacol Ther , vol.116 , pp. 207-235
    • Rijnierse, A.1    Nijkamp, F.P.2    Kraneveld, A.D.3
  • 84
    • 33846627653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of dietary intake to gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders
    • Levy SE, Souders MC, Ittenbach RF, et al. Relationship of dietary intake to gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2007;61(4):492-497
    • (2007) Biol Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 492-497
    • Levy, S.E.1    Souders, M.C.2    Ittenbach, R.F.3
  • 85
    • 56249092126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms in children with an autism spectrum disorder and language regression
    • Report of a significant association of GI symptoms especially in autistic children who regressed
    • Valicenti-McDermott MD, McVicar K, Cohen HJ, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in children with an autism spectrum disorder and language regression. Pediatr Neurol 2008;39(6):392-398 Report of a significant association of GI symptoms especially in autistic children who regressed.
    • (2008) Pediatr Neurol , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 392-398
    • Valicenti-McDermott, M.D.1    McVicar, K.2    Cohen, H.J.3
  • 86
    • 59849113967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of children with pervasive developmental disorders
    • Nikolov RN, Bearss KE, Lettinga J, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2009;39(3):405-413
    • (2009) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-413
    • Nikolov, R.N.1    Bearss, K.E.2    Lettinga, J.3
  • 87
    • 17144419260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulated innate immune responses in young children with autism spectrum disorders: Their relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intervention
    • DOI 10.1159/000084164
    • Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Ruby A, Zimmerman-Bier B. Dysregulated innate immune responses in young children with autism spectrum disorders: their relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intervention. Neuropsychobiology 2005;51(2):77-85 (Pubitemid 40522799)
    • (2005) Neuropsychobiology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-85
    • Jyonouchi, H.1    Geng, L.2    Ruby, A.3    Zimmerman-Bier, B.4
  • 88
    • 0037167306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database
    • Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H. Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ 2002;325(7361):419-21 Well-researched epidemiological study showing no known GI pathologic entity in ASDs. (Pubitemid 34969792)
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.325 , Issue.7361 , pp. 419-421
    • Black, C.1    Kaye, J.A.2    Jick, H.3
  • 89
    • 23044477302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children with autistic spectrum disorder
    • DOI 10.1097/00042737-200508000-00009
    • Wakefield AJ, Ashwood P, Limb K, Anthony A. The significance of ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children with autistic spectrum disorder. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;17(8):827-836 (Pubitemid 41073320)
    • (2005) European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 827-836
    • Wakefield, A.J.1    Ashwood, P.2    Limb, K.3    Anthony, A.4
  • 90
    • 68949124413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of clinical presentation and histologic findings at ileocolonoscopy in children with autistic spectrum disorder and chronic gastrointestinal symtoms
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Krigsman A, Boris M, Goldblatt A, Scott C. Review of clinical presentation and histologic findings at ileocolonoscopy in children with autistic spectrum disorder and chronic gastrointestinal symtoms. Autism Res 2008. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2008) Autism Res
    • Krigsman, A.1    Boris, M.2    Goldblatt, A.3    Scott, C.4
  • 92
    • 38149103259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 are essential in maintaining murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function
    • Experimental study showing that intestinal integrity involves heparan sulfate
    • Bode L, Salvestrini C, Park PW, et al. Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 are essential in maintaining murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function. J Clin Invest 2008;118(1):229-238 Experimental study showing that intestinal integrity involves heparan sulfate.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 229-238
    • Bode, L.1    Salvestrini, C.2    Park, P.W.3
  • 93
    • 48249097124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patching a leaky intestine
    • Lencer WI. Patching a leaky intestine. N Engl J Med 2008;359(5):526-528
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.5 , pp. 526-528
    • Lencer, W.I.1
  • 94
    • 0032785673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulphation deficit in 'low-functioning' autistic children: A pilot study
    • Alberti A, Pirrone P, Elia M, et al. Sulphation deficit in 'low-functioning' autistic children: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46(3):420-424
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 420-424
    • Alberti, A.1    Pirrone, P.2    Elia, M.3
  • 95
    • 0026592696 scopus 로고
    • An IgE mechanism in autistic hypersensitivity?
    • Menage P, Thibault G, Martineau J, et al. An IgE mechanism in autistic hypersensitivity? Biol Psychiatry 1992;31(2):210-212
    • (1992) Biol Psychiatry , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-212
    • Menage, P.1    Thibault, G.2    Martineau, J.3
  • 96
    • 48049114665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic features in early childhood autism
    • Important study showing a positive history of 'allergic' symptoms in patients with ASDs in the absence of serum markers of atopy
    • Bakkaloglu B, Anlar B, Anlar FY, et al. Atopic features in early childhood autism. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008;12:476-9 Important study showing a positive history of 'allergic' symptoms in patients with ASDs in the absence of serum markers of atopy.
    • (2008) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 476-479
    • Bakkaloglu, B.1    Anlar, B.2    Anlar, F.Y.3
  • 97
    • 0036204671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mastocytosis: Mediator-related signs and symptoms
    • Castells M, Austen KF. Mastocytosis: mediator-related signs and symptoms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002;127:147-152
    • (2002) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.127 , pp. 147-152
    • Castells, M.1    Austen, K.F.2
  • 98
    • 0034992893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mastocytosis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical disease heterogeneity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0145-2126(01)00046-7, PII S0145212601000467
    • Metcalfe DD, Akin C. Mastocytosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical disease heterogeneity. Leuk Res 2001;25:577-582 (Pubitemid 32506765)
    • (2001) Leukemia Research , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 577-582
    • Metcalfe, D.D.1    Akin, C.2
  • 100
    • 68949120399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • Available from: www.tmsforacure.org
  • 102
    • 0036674526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients
    • First paper to show that mastocytosis patients also have increased serum IL-6 levels
    • Theoharides TC, Boucher W, Spear K. Serum interleukin-6 reflects disease severity and osteoporosis in mastocytosis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002;128:344-50 First paper to show that mastocytosis patients also have increased serum IL-6 levels.
    • (2002) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 344-350
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Boucher, W.2    Spear, K.3
  • 103
    • 13244275092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergies, and childhood autism spectrum disorders: A case-control study
    • Croen LA, Grether JK, Yoshida CK, et al. Maternal autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergies, and childhood autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159(2):151-157
    • (2005) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.159 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-157
    • Croen, L.A.1    Grether, J.K.2    Yoshida, C.K.3
  • 104
    • 0032989380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism
    • Comi AM, Zimmerman AW, Frye VH, et al. Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism. J Child Neurol 1999;14(6):388-394
    • (1999) J Child Neurol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 388-394
    • Comi, A.M.1    Zimmerman, A.W.2    Frye, V.H.3
  • 105
    • 34247512849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical role of mast cells in allergy and inflammation
    • DOI 10.1196/annals.1366.025, Neuroendocrine and Immune Crosstalk
    • Theoharides TC, Kalogeromitros D. The critical role of mast cell in allergy and inflammation. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1088:78-99 (Pubitemid 47092046)
    • (2006) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1088 , pp. 78-99
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Kalogeromitros, D.2
  • 106
    • 13944277507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells as 'tunable' effector and immunoregulatory cells: Recent advances
    • Excellent review of the versatile functions of mast cells.
    • Galli SJ, Kalesnikoff J, Grimbaldeston MA, et al. Mast cells as 'tunable' effector and immunoregulatory cells: recent advances. Annu Rev Immunol 2005;23:749-786 Excellent review of the versatile functions of mast cells.
    • (2005) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 749-786
    • Galli, S.J.1    Kalesnikoff, J.2    Grimbaldeston, M.A.3
  • 107
    • 34447518913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells as effector cells: A co-stimulating question
    • DOI 10.1016/j.it.2007.06.007, PII S1471490607001615
    • Bachelet I, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cells as effector cells: a co-stimulating question. Trends Immunol 2007;28(8):360-365 (Pubitemid 47082507)
    • (2007) Trends in Immunology , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 360-365
    • Bachelet, I.1    Levi-Schaffer, F.2
  • 108
    • 0347993174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress
    • A useful review of a number of diseases involving neurogenic inflammation and how acute stress worsens their symptoms through activation of mast cells
    • Theoharides TC, Cochrane DE. Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress. J Neuroimmunol 2004;146:1-12 A useful review of a number of diseases involving neurogenic inflammation and how acute stress worsens their symptoms through activation of mast cells.
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.146 , pp. 1-12
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Cochrane, D.E.2
  • 110
    • 0032734056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and functional demonstration of rat dura mast cell-neuron interactions in vitro and in vivo
    • Rozniecki JJ, Dimitriadou V, Lambracht-Hall M, et al. Morphological and functional demonstration of rat dura mast cell-neuron interactions in vitro and in vivo. Brain Res 1999;849:1-15
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.849 , pp. 1-15
    • Rozniecki, J.J.1    Dimitriadou, V.2    Lambracht-Hall, M.3
  • 111
    • 0024344214 scopus 로고
    • Mast cells are closely apposed to nerves in the human gastrointestinal mucosa
    • First indication of possible functional associations between mast cells and nerves in the gut
    • Stead RH, Dixon MF, Bramwell NH, et al. Mast cells are closely apposed to nerves in the human gastrointestinal mucosa. Gastroenterology 1989;97:575-585 First indication of possible functional associations between mast cells and nerves in the gut.
    • (1989) Gastroenterology , vol.97 , pp. 575-585
    • Stead, R.H.1    Dixon, M.F.2    Bramwell, N.H.3
  • 112
    • 10344222887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ins and outs of IgE-dependent mast-cell exocytosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.it.2004.03.005, PII S1471490604000973
    • Blank U, Rivera J. The ins and outs of IgE-dependent mast-cell exocytosis. Trends Immunol 2004;25:266-273 (Pubitemid 38501673)
    • (2004) Trends in Immunology , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 266-273
    • Blank, U.1    Rivera, J.2
  • 113
    • 0037383839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin free light chains and mast cells: Pivotal role in T-cell-mediated immune reactions?
    • Redegeld FA, Nijkamp FP. Immunoglobulin free light chains and mast cells: pivotal role in T-cell-mediated immune reactions? Trends Immunol 2005;24:181-185
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 181-185
    • Redegeld, F.A.1    Nijkamp, F.P.2
  • 114
    • 56749169211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteolin inhibits myelin basic protein-induced human mast cell activation and mast cell dependent stimulation of Jurkat T cells
    • First report that human mast cells can superactivate T cells, a process inhibited by the natural flavonoid luteolin
    • Kempuraj D, Tagen M, Iliopoulou BP, et al. Luteolin inhibits myelin basic protein-induced human mast cell activation and mast cell dependent stimulation of Jurkat T cells. Br J Pharmacol 2008;155:1076-1084 First report that human mast cells can superactivate T cells, a process inhibited by the natural flavonoid luteolin.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.155 , pp. 1076-1084
    • Kempuraj, D.1    Tagen, M.2    Iliopoulou, B.P.3
  • 115
    • 0020005040 scopus 로고
    • Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels
    • Carraway R, Cochrane DE, Lansman JB, et al. Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels. J Physiol 1982;323:403-414 (Pubitemid 12180916)
    • (1982) Journal of Physiology , vol.VOL. 323 , pp. 403-414
    • Carraway, R.1    Cochrane, D.E.2    Lansman, J.B.3
  • 116
    • 0027951579 scopus 로고
    • Picomolar doses of substance P trigger electrical responses in mast cells without degranulation
    • Janiszewski J, Bienenstock J, Blennerhassett MG. Picomolar doses of substance P trigger electrical responses in mast cells without degranulation. Am J Physiol 1994;267:C138-45 (Pubitemid 2128128)
    • (1994) AM.J.PHYSIOL. , vol.267 , Issue.1 PART 1
    • Janiszewski, J.1    Bienenstock, J.2    Blennerhassett, M.G.3
  • 117
    • 38649084996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02705.x
    • Kulka M, Sheen CH, Tancowny BP, et al. Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production. Immunology 2008;123(3):398-410 (Pubitemid 351171192)
    • (2008) Immunology , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-410
    • Kulka, M.1    Sheen, C.H.2    Tancowny, B.P.3    Grammer, L.C.4    Schleimer, R.P.5
  • 118
    • 0042977424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress stimulates IL-4 and IL-6 production in mast cells by an APE/Ref-1-dependent pathway
    • DOI 10.1002/eji.200323995
    • Frossi B, de Carli M, Daniel KC, et al. Oxidative stress stimulates IL-4 and IL-6 production in mast cells by an APE/ Ref-1-dependent pathway. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:2168-2177 (Pubitemid 37010034)
    • (2003) European Journal of Immunology , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 2168-2177
    • Frossi, B.1    De Carli, M.2    Daniel, K.C.3    Rivera, J.4    Pucillo, C.5
  • 119
    • 68949093220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury chloride triggers human mast cells to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-relevance to autism
    • 96th Annual Meeting, The Americal Association of Immunologisits, May 8-12
    • Kempuraj D, Hogan J, Zhang B, et al. Mercury chloride triggers human mast cells to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-relevance to autism. 96th Annual Meeting, The Americal Association of Immunologisits, May 8-12. Immunology; 2009
    • (2009) Immunology
    • Kempuraj, D.1    Hogan, J.2    Zhang, B.3
  • 120
    • 0033047488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thimerosal: A versatile sulfhydryl reagent, calcium mobilizer, and cell function-modulating agent
    • DOI 10.1016/S0306-3623(98)00258-4, PII S0306362398002584
    • Elferink JG. Thimerosal: a versatile sulfhydryl reagent, calcium mobilizer, and cell function-modulating agent. Gen Pharmacol 1999;33(1):1-6 (Pubitemid 29292425)
    • (1999) General Pharmacology , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Elferink, J.G.R.1
  • 124
    • 34248137929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential release of mast cell mediators and the pathogenesis of inflammation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00519.x
    • Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Tagen M, et al. Differential release of mast cell mediators and the pathogenesis of inflammation. Immunol Rev 2007;217:65-78 Comprehensive review of increasing evidence that mast cells can release different mediators in response to a variety of triggers selectively without degranulation. (Pubitemid 46718152)
    • (2007) Immunological Reviews , vol.217 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-78
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Kempuraj, D.2    Tagen, M.3    Conti, P.4    Kalogeromitros, D.5
  • 125
    • 0020319742 scopus 로고
    • Differential release of serotonin and histamine from mast cells
    • DOI 10.1038/297229a0
    • Theoharides TC, Bondy PK, Tsakalos ND, Askenase PW. Differential release of serotonin and histamine from mast cells. Nature 1982;297:229-231 (Pubitemid 12066450)
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , Issue.5863 , pp. 229-231
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Bondy, P.K.2    Tsakalos, N.D.3    Askenase, P.W.4
  • 126
    • 25144517854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cell-derived cytokine expression induced via Fc receptors and Toll-like receptors
    • DOI 10.1159/000087574, Mast Cells in Allergic Diseases
    • Okayama Y. Mast cell-derived cytokine expression induced via Fc receptors and Toll-like receptors. Chem Immunol Allergy 2005;87:101-110 (Pubitemid 43093182)
    • (2005) Chemical Immunology and Allergy , vol.87 , pp. 101-110
    • Okayama, Y.1
  • 127
    • 0038744604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human mast cells
    • DOI 10.1002/eji.200323830
    • Varadaradjalou S, Feger F, Thieblemont N, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human mast cells. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:899-906 One of early reports that activation of different mast cell TLRs leads to secretion of different mediators. (Pubitemid 36546677)
    • (2003) European Journal of Immunology , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 899-906
    • Varadaradjalou, S.1    Feger, F.2    Thieblemont, N.3    Hamouda, N.B.4    Pleau, J.-M.5    Dy, M.6    Arock, M.7
  • 128
    • 0037442003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Distinct Toll-like receptor 2 activators selectively induce different classes of mediator production from human mast cells
    • One of early reports that activation of different mast cell TLRs lead to secretion of different mediators
    • McCurdy JD, Olynych TJ, Maher LH, Marshall JS. Cutting edge: distinct Toll-like receptor 2 activators selectively induce different classes of mediator production from human mast cells. J Immunol 2003;170:1625-1629 One of early reports that activation of different mast cell TLRs lead to secretion of different mediators.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.170 , pp. 1625-1629
    • McCurdy, J.D.1    Olynych, T.J.2    Maher, L.H.3    Marshall, J.S.4
  • 129
    • 3442875541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of mast cells by double-stranded RNA: Evidence for activation through Toll-like receptor 3
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.049, PII S0091674904013132
    • Kulka M, Alexopoulou L, Flavell RA, Metcalfe DD. Activation of mast cells by double-stranded RNA: evidence for activation through Toll-like receptor 3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114(1):174-182 (Pubitemid 39005135)
    • (2004) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 174-182
    • Kulka, M.1    Alexopoulou, L.2    Flavell, R.A.3    Metcalfe, D.D.4
  • 130
    • 0142210354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of Peribronchial Mast Cells in a Mouse Model of Ovalbumin Allergen Induced Chronic Airway Inflammation: Modulation by Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences
    • Ikeda RK, Miller M, Nayar J, et al. Accumulation of peribronchial mast cells in a mouse model of ovalbumin allergen induced chronic airway inflammation: modulation by immunostimulatory DNA sequences. J Immunol 2003;171(9):4860-4867 (Pubitemid 37310608)
    • (2003) Journal of Immunology , vol.171 , Issue.9 , pp. 4860-4867
    • Ikeda, R.K.1    Miller, M.2    Nayar, J.3    Walker, L.4    Cho, J.Y.5    McElwain, K.6    McElwain, S.7    Raz, E.8    Broide, D.H.9
  • 131
    • 33846031163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal bleeding in infancy: Clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination
    • DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-1069
    • Arvola T, Ruuska T, Keranen J, et al. Rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. Pediatrics 2006;117(4):e760-8 (Pubitemid 46071481)
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , Issue.4
    • Arvola, T.1    Ruuska, T.2    Keranen, J.3    Hyoty, H.4    Salminen, S.5    Isolauri, E.6
  • 132
    • 0027392396 scopus 로고
    • Serotypic and genotypic characterization of human serotype 10 rotaviruses from asymptomatic neonates
    • Evidence that there is exposure to rotavirus in neonates
    • Dunn SJ, Greenberg HB, Ward RL, et al. Serotypic and genotypic characterization of human serotype 10 rotaviruses from asymptomatic neonates. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31(1):165-169 Evidence that there is exposure to rotavirus in neonates.
    • (1993) J Clin Microbiol , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-169
    • Dunn, S.J.1    Greenberg, H.B.2    Ward, R.L.3
  • 134
    • 54349120246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complicated relationship between autism with regression and epilepsy
    • Oslejskova H, Dusek L, Makovska Z, et al. Complicated relationship between autism with regression and epilepsy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2008;29(4):558-570
    • (2008) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 558-570
    • Oslejskova, H.1    Dusek, L.2    Makovska, Z.3
  • 137
    • 20444366589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human mast cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors and CRH leads to selective secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor
    • Cao J, Papadopoulou N, Kempuraj D, et al. Human mast cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors and CRH leads to selective secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Immunol 2005;174:7665-75 First evidence that human mast cells express CRH-R1 receptors, activation of which leads to selective VEGF release. (Pubitemid 40806271)
    • (2005) Journal of Immunology , vol.174 , Issue.12 , pp. 7665-7675
    • Cao, J.1    Papadopoulou, N.2    Kempuraj, D.3    Boucher, W.S.4    Sugimoto, K.5    Cetrulo, C.L.6    Theoharides, T.C.7
  • 139
    • 34248150697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the blood-brain-barrier
    • Theoharides TC, Konstantinidou A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the blood-brain-barrier. Front Biosci 2007;12:1615-1628
    • (2007) Front Biosci , vol.12 , pp. 1615-1628
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Konstantinidou, A.2
  • 140
    • 62349119948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
    • White SW, Oswald D, Ollendick T, Scahill L. Anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2009;29:216-229
    • (2009) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.29 , pp. 216-229
    • White, S.W.1    Oswald, D.2    Ollendick, T.3    Scahill, L.4
  • 141
    • 36249018298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism
    • DOI 10.1177/1744629507083585
    • Gillott A, Standen PJ. Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism. J Intellect Disabil 2007;11(4):359-370 Good paper showing that the level of anxiety is higher in patients with ASDs. (Pubitemid 350120860)
    • (2007) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 359-370
    • Gillott, A.1    Standen, P.J.2
  • 142
    • 0038014051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation between autism and multiple complex developmental disorder in response to psychosocial stress
    • First paper showing that patients with ASDs cannot cope with stressors
    • Jansen LM, Gispen-de Wied CC, van der Gaag RJ, van EH. Differentiation between autism and multiple complex developmental disorder in response to psychosocial stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28(3):582-590 First paper showing that patients with ASDs cannot cope with stressors.
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 582-590
    • Jansen, L.M.1    Gispen-de Wied, C.C.2    Van Der Gaag, R.J.3    Van, E.H.4
  • 144
    • 33748774908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical and laboratory evaluation of methionine cycle-transsulfuration and androgen pathway markers in children with autistic disorders
    • Geier DA, Geier MR. A clinical and laboratory evaluation of methionine cycle-transsulfuration and androgen pathway markers in children with autistic disorders. Horm Res 2006;66(4):182-188
    • (2006) Horm Res , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 182-188
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 145
    • 37849023607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective assessment of androgen levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: Biochemical underpinnings and suggested therapies
    • Geier DA, Geier MR. A prospective assessment of androgen levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: biochemical underpinnings and suggested therapies. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2007;28(5):565-573
    • (2007) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 565-573
    • Geier, D.A.1    Geier, M.R.2
  • 146
    • 0028866220 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced intracranial mast cell degranulation. a corticotropin releasing hormone-mediated effect
    • First paper showing that acute stress can activate brain mast cells through CRH
    • Theoharides TC, Spanos CP, Pang X, et al. Stress-induced intracranial mast cell degranulation. A corticotropin releasing hormone-mediated effect. Endocrinology 1995;136:5745-5750 First paper showing that acute stress can activate brain mast cells through CRH.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 5745-5750
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Spanos, C.P.2    Pang, X.3
  • 148
    • 0035808531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute stress increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier through activation of brain mast cells
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03026-2, PII S0006899300030262
    • Esposito P, Gheorghe D, Kandere K, et al. Acute stress increases permeability of the blood-brain-barrier through activation of brain mast cells. Brain Res 2001;888:117-127 (Pubitemid 32056268)
    • (2001) Brain Research , vol.888 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-127
    • Esposito, P.1    Gheorghe, D.2    Kandere, K.3    Pang, X.4    Connolly, R.5    Jacobson, S.6    Theoharides, T.C.7
  • 149
    • 0025055444 scopus 로고
    • Mast cells: The immune gate to the brain
    • First paper implicating mast cells in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier
    • Theoharides TC. Mast cells: the immune gate to the brain. Life Sci
    • (1990) Life Sci , vol.46 , pp. 607-617
    • Theoharides, T.C.1
  • 150
  • 151
    • 85011457241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces skin mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability, a possible explanation for its proinflammatory effects
    • DOI 10.1210/en.139.1.403
    • Theoharides TC, Singh LK, Boucher W, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces skin mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability, a possible explanation for its pro-inflammatory effects. Endocrinology 1998;139:403-413 First paper showing that CRH can increase vascular permeability by activating mast cells. (Pubitemid 28166335)
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , Issue.1 , pp. 403-413
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Singh, L.K.2    Boucher, W.3    Pang, X.4    Letourneau, R.5    Webster, E.6    Chrousos, G.7
  • 152
    • 0344874248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Causes Vasodilation in Human Skin via Mast Cell-Dependent Pathways
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.2003-030377
    • Crompton R, Clifton VL, Bisits AT, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone causes vasodilation in human skin via mast cell-dependent pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5427-5432 Clear evidence that CRH can increase human skin vascular permeability by activating local mast cells through specific receptors. (Pubitemid 37452749)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.88 , Issue.11 , pp. 5427-5432
    • Crompton, R.1    Clifton, V.L.2    Bisits, A.T.3    Read, M.A.4    Smith, R.5    Wright, I.M.R.6
  • 153
    • 33745968406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urticaria pigmentosa and mastocytosis: The role of immunophenotyping in diagnosis and determining response to treatment
    • Akin C, Valent P, Escribano L. Urticaria pigmentosa and mastocytosis: the role of immunophenotyping in diagnosis and determining response to treatment. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2006;6(4):282-288 (Pubitemid 44056824)
    • (2006) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 282-288
    • Akin, C.1    Valent, P.2    Escribano, L.3
  • 154
    • 66449115211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urticaria pigmentosa associated with acute stress and lesional skin mast cell expression of CRF-R1
    • First case report showing that acute stress may worsen urticaria pigmentosa by CRH activation of CRH-R1 receptors on lesional skin mast cells
    • Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D, Marchand J, et al. Urticaria pigmentosa associated with acute stress and lesional skin mast cell expression of CRF-R1. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009;34:e163-6 First case report showing that acute stress may worsen urticaria pigmentosa by CRH activation of CRH-R1 receptors on lesional skin mast cells.
    • (2009) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.34
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Kempuraj, D.2    Marchand, J.3
  • 157
    • 33747762945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2-deficient mice have reduced intestinal inflammatory responses
    • Kokkotou E, Torres D, Moss AC, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2-deficient mice have reduced intestinal inflammatory responses. J Immunol 2006;177(5):3355-61 Well-designed animal study showing that CRH-R is involved in intestinal inflammation. (Pubitemid 44277855)
    • (2006) Journal of Immunology , vol.177 , Issue.5 , pp. 3355-3361
    • Kokkotou, E.1    Torres, D.2    Moss, A.C.3    O'Brien, M.4    Grigoriadis, D.E.5    Karalis, K.6    Pothoulakis, C.7
  • 158
    • 19644369988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin II in intestinal inflammation and motility in terminal ileum
    • Good study showing divergent effects of CRH-R2 activation on intestinal function and inflammation
    • La Fleur SE, Wick EC, Idumalla PS, et al. Role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin II in intestinal inflammation and motility in terminal ileum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102(21):7647-52 Good study showing divergent effects of CRH-R2 activation on intestinal function and inflammation.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , Issue.21 , pp. 7647-7652
    • La Fleur, S.E.1    Wick, E.C.2    Idumalla, P.S.3
  • 159
    • 38349087186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) regulates macromolecular permeability via mast cells in normal human colonic biopsies in vitro
    • Excellent paper showing that CRH activates local intestinal mast cells and increases permeability in human colon biopsies
    • Wallon C, Yang P, Keita AV, et al. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) regulates macromolecular permeability via mast cells in normal human colonic biopsies in vitro. Gut 2008;57:50-58 Excellent paper showing that CRH activates local intestinal mast cells and increases permeability in human colon biopsies.
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , pp. 50-58
    • Wallon, C.1    Yang, P.2    Keita, A.V.3
  • 160
    • 49549085962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist blocks anxiogenic-like and depressant-like effect of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in mice
    • Umathe SN, Bhutada PS, Jain NS, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist blocks anxiogenic-like and depressant-like effect of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in mice. Neuropeptides 2008;42(4):399-410
    • (2008) Neuropeptides , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-410
    • Umathe, S.N.1    Bhutada, P.S.2    Jain, N.S.3
  • 161
    • 36649031863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leuprolide-a GnRH agonist-prevents restraint stress-induced immunosuppression via sex steroid-independent peripheral mechanism in mice
    • Umathe SN, Dixit PV, Wanjari MM, Ullewar MP. Leuprolide-a GnRH agonist-prevents restraint stress-induced immunosuppression via sex steroid-independent peripheral mechanism in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2008;8(1):71-79
    • (2008) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-79
    • Umathe, S.N.1    Dixit, P.V.2    Wanjari, M.M.3    Ullewar, M.P.4
  • 162
    • 33947535434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways involved in gut mucosal barrier dysfunction induced in adult rats by maternal deprivation: Corticotrophin-releasing factor and nerve growth factor interplay
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120907
    • Barreau F, Cartier C, Leveque M, et al. Pathways involved in gut mucosal barrier dysfunction induced in adult rats by maternal deprivation: corticotrophin-releasing factor and nerve growth factor interplay. J Physiol 2007;580(Pt 1):347-356 (Pubitemid 46470663)
    • (2007) Journal of Physiology , vol.580 , Issue.1 , pp. 347-356
    • Barreau, F.1    Cartier, C.2    Leveque, M.3    Ferrier, L.4    Moriez, R.5    Laroute, V.6    Rosztoczy, A.7    Fioramonti, J.8    Bueno, L.9
  • 163
    • 42549171121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term alterations of colonic nerve-mast cell interactions induced by neonatal maternal deprivation in rats
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.2007.126680
    • Barreau F, Salvador-Cartier C, Houdeau E, et al. Long-term alterations of colonic nerve-mast cell interactions induced by neonatal maternal deprivation in rats. Gut 2008;57(5):582-590 (Pubitemid 351579968)
    • (2008) Gut , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 582-590
    • Barreau, F.1    Salvador-Cartier, C.2    Houdeau, E.3    Bueno, L.4    Fioramonti, J.5
  • 165
    • 58149123111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autism, gut-blood-brain barrier and mast cells
    • Editorial stressing the role of mast cells in increasing the permeability of the gut-blood-brain barrier and brain inflammation, as they relate to ASDs
    • Theoharides TC, Doyle R. Autism, gut-blood-brain barrier and mast cells. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(5):479-83 Editorial stressing the role of mast cells in increasing the permeability of the gut-blood-brain barrier and brain inflammation, as they relate to ASDs.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 479-483
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Doyle, R.2
  • 166
    • 34548137765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorders
    • DOI 10.1517/14656566.8.11.1579
    • Myers SM. The status of pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007;8(11):1579-1603 (Pubitemid 47296548)
    • (2007) Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. 1579-1603
    • Myers, S.M.1
  • 167
    • 34547844298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder
    • DOI 10.1177/1362361307078132
    • Broadstock M, Doughty C, Eggleston M. Systematic review of the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2007;11(4):335-348 (Pubitemid 47244226)
    • (2007) Autism , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-348
    • Broadstock, M.1    Doughty, C.2    Eggleston, M.3
  • 168
    • 42549130526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based comprehensive treatments for early autism
    • Rogers SJ, Vismara LA. Evidence-based comprehensive treatments for early autism. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2008;37(1):8-38
    • (2008) J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-38
    • Rogers, S.J.1    Vismara, L.A.2
  • 169
    • 31144477401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment of behavioral symptoms in autism and pervasive developmental disorders
    • Findling RL. Pharmacologic treatment of behavioral symptoms in autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(Suppl 10):26-31 (Pubitemid 43133211)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 26-31
    • Findling, R.L.1
  • 170
    • 42249096094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment options for autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents
    • DOI 10.1080/10673220802075852, PII 792218937
    • Leskovec TJ, Rowles BM, Findling RL. Pharmacological treatment options for autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2008;16(2):97-112 (Pubitemid 351549820)
    • (2008) Harvard Review of Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-112
    • Leskovec, T.J.1    Rowles, B.M.2    Findling, R.L.3
  • 171
    • 60249083550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment for the core deficits and associated symptoms of autism in children
    • West L, Waldrop J, Brunssen S. Pharmacologic treatment for the core deficits and associated symptoms of autism in children. J Pediatr Health Care 2009;23(2):75-89
    • (2009) J Pediatr Health Care , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-89
    • West, L.1    Waldrop, J.2    Brunssen, S.3
  • 172
    • 33748967380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health care utilization and expenditures for children with autism: Data from U.S. national samples
    • DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0119-9
    • Liptak GS, Stuart T, Auinger P. Health care utilization and expenditures for children with autism: data from U.S. national samples. J Autism Dev Disord 2006;36(7):871-879 (Pubitemid 44440106)
    • (2006) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 871-879
    • Liptak, G.S.1    Stuart, T.2    Auinger, P.3
  • 174
    • 67649249900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National patterns in the outpatient pharmacological management of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
    • Gerhard T, Chavez B, Olfson M, Crystal S. National patterns in the outpatient pharmacological management of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009
    • (2009) J Clin Psychopharmacol
    • Gerhard, T.1    Chavez, B.2    Olfson, M.3    Crystal, S.4
  • 175
    • 13944264748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300627
    • Hollander E, Phillips A, Chaplin W, et al. A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;30(3):582-589 (Pubitemid 40271160)
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 582-589
    • Hollander, E.1    Phillips, A.2    Chaplin, W.3    Zagursky, K.4    Novotny, S.5    Wasserman, S.6    Iyengar, R.7
  • 176
    • 40949151959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents
    • Tandon M, Pruett JR Jr. An overview of the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents. Mo Med 2008;105(1):79-84
    • (2008) Mo Med , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-84
    • Tandon, M.1    Pruett Jr., J.R.2
  • 177
    • 38149021973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotics in the treatment of autism
    • Excellent review of the basis for use of antisychotics in ASDs and lack of any beneficial effect on core symptoms of ASDs
    • Posey DJ, Stigler KA, Erickson CA, McDougle CJ. Antipsychotics in the treatment of autism. J Clin Invest 2008;118(1):6-14 Excellent review of the basis for use of antisychotics in ASDs and lack of any beneficial effect on core symptoms of ASDs.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-14
    • Posey, D.J.1    Stigler, K.A.2    Erickson, C.A.3    McDougle, C.J.4
  • 178
    • 34249786890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic drugs in children with autism
    • Morgan S, Taylor E. Antipsychotic drugs in children with autism. BMJ 2007;334(7603):1069-1070
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , Issue.7603 , pp. 1069-1070
    • Morgan, S.1    Taylor, E.2
  • 179
    • 34548056141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in children with pervasive developmental disorders
    • DOI 10.2165/00148581-200709040-00006
    • Chavez B, Chavez-Brown M, Sopko MA, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Paediatr Drugs 2007;9(4):249-266 (Pubitemid 47295845)
    • (2007) Pediatric Drugs , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 249-266
    • Chavez, B.1    Chavez-Brown, M.2    Sopko Jr., M.A.3    Rey, J.A.4
  • 180
    • 46649086988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders
    • McDougle CJ, Stigler KA, Erickson CA, Posey DJ. Atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69(Suppl 4):15-20
    • (2008) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 15-20
    • McDougle, C.J.1    Stigler, K.A.2    Erickson, C.A.3    Posey, D.J.4
  • 181
    • 40949152478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychotropic medication use among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism spectrum disorders
    • Mandell DS, Morales KH, Marcus SC, et al. Psychotropic medication use among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 2008;121(3):e441-8
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , Issue.3
    • Mandell, D.S.1    Morales, K.H.2    Marcus, S.C.3
  • 182
    • 42549141631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with autism: A critical review of efficacy and tolerability
    • DOI 10.1089/cap.2007.0041
    • Parikh MS, Kolevzon A, Hollander E. Psychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with autism: a critical review of efficacy and tolerability. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008;18(2):157-178 (Pubitemid 351591438)
    • (2008) Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-178
    • Parikh, M.S.1    Kolevzon, A.2    Hollander, E.3
  • 183
    • 27744466024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity
    • Research units on pediatric psychparmacology autism network
    • Research units on pediatric psychparmacology autism network. Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(11):1266-1274
    • (2005) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.11 , pp. 1266-1274
  • 185
    • 35048883351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone: A review of its use in the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents
    • Scott LJ, Dhillon S. Risperidone: a review of its use in the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2007;9(5):343-354 (Pubitemid 47557115)
    • (2007) Pediatric Drugs , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 343-354
    • Scott, L.J.1    Dhillon, S.2
  • 186
    • 0024329048 scopus 로고
    • Divalent cation dependence of the inhibition by phenothiazines of mediator release from mast cells
    • Interesting early evidence that certain phenothiazines can inhibit mast cells
    • Peachell PT, Pearce FL. Divalent cation dependence of the inhibition by phenothiazines of mediator release from mast cells. Br J Pharmacol 1989;97(2):547-555 Interesting early evidence that certain phenothiazines can inhibit mast cells.
    • (1989) Br J Pharmacol , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 547-555
    • Peachell, P.T.1    Pearce, F.L.2
  • 187
    • 1842633679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyproheptadine in the treatment of autistic disorder: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2004.00546.x
    • Akhondzadeh S, Erfani S, Mohammadi MR, et al. Cyproheptadine in the treatment of autistic disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29(2):145-150 Interesting study showing that the nonspecific histamine and serotonin receptor antagonist cyproheptadine contributes to reduction of ASD symptoms over that of haloperidol. (Pubitemid 38482479)
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-150
    • Akhondzadeh, S.1    Erfani, S.2    Mohammadi, M.R.3    Tehrani-Doost, M.4    Amini, H.5    Gudarzi, S.S.6    Yasamy, M.T.7
  • 188
    • 35348999630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperserotonemia in adults with autistic disorder
    • Intriguing evidence indicating a high level of serum serotonin in ASDs
    • Hranilovic D, Bujas-Petkovic Z, Vragovic R, et al. Hyperserotonemia in adults with autistic disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2007;37(10):1934-1940 Intriguing evidence indicating a high level of serum serotonin in ASDs.
    • (2007) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 1934-1940
    • Hranilovic, D.1    Bujas-Petkovic, Z.2    Vragovic, R.3
  • 189
    • 34548400223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel therapeutic targets for enteric nervous system disorders
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2007.08.003, PII S0165614707001897
    • de Giorgio R, Barbara G, Furness JB, Tonini M. Novel therapeutic targets for enteric nervous system disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007;28(9):473-481 (Pubitemid 47368703)
    • (2007) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 473-481
    • De Giorgio, R.1    Barbara, G.2    Furness, J.B.3    Tonini, M.4
  • 190
    • 38749124048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and environmental approaches to preventing and treating autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A review
    • DOI 10.1089/acm.2007.0610
    • Curtis LT, Patel K. Nutritional and environmental approaches to preventing and treating autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a review. J Altern Complement Med 2008;14(1):79-85 Comprehensive review of nonpharmacologic approaches in ASDs. (Pubitemid 351185434)
    • (2008) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-85
    • Curtis, L.T.1    Patel, K.2
  • 191
    • 68949126364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of biomedical treatments for autism
    • Comprehensive review of nonpharmacologic approaches in ASDs
    • Adams JB. Summary of biomedical treatments for autism. Autism Research Institute (ARI) Publication 2008;40:1-27 Comprehensive review of nonpharmacologic approaches in ASDs.
    • (2008) Autism Research Institute (ARI) Publication , vol.40 , pp. 1-27
    • Adams, J.B.1
  • 192
    • 36549021568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.09.006, PII S0031395507001411, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Weber W, Newmark S. Complementary and alternative medical therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism. Pediatr Clin North Am 2007;4(6):983-1006 (Pubitemid 350179896)
    • (2007) Pediatric Clinics of North America , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 983-1006
    • Weber, W.1    Newmark, S.2
  • 193
    • 58149379391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism
    • James SJ, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, et al. Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(1):425-430
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 425-430
    • James, S.J.1    Melnyk, S.2    Fuchs, G.3
  • 194
    • 0033637140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer
    • Comprehensive review, selected as a 'classic' of the beneficial effects of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases
    • Middleton E Jr, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2000;52:673-751 Comprehensive review, selected as a 'classic' of the beneficial effects of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Rev , vol.52 , pp. 673-751
    • Middleton Jr., E.1    Kandaswami, C.2    Theoharides, T.C.3
  • 195
    • 0020323468 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of aggregation and secretion of human platelets by quercetin and other flavonoids: Structure-activity relationships
    • Evidence that select flavonoids inhibit serotonin release from platelets
    • Beretz A, Cazenave JP, Anton R. Inhibition of aggregation and secretion of human platelets by quercetin and other flavonoids: structure-activity relationships. Agents Actions 1982;12:382-387 Evidence that select flavonoids inhibit serotonin release from platelets.
    • (1982) Agents Actions , vol.12 , pp. 382-387
    • Beretz, A.1    Cazenave, J.P.2    Anton, R.3
  • 196
    • 44949125522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1
    • DOI 10.1073/pnas.0802865105
    • Jang S, Kelley KW, Johnson RW. Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105(21):7534-9 Important study showing that microglia can release IL-6, which can be inhibited by the flavonoid luteolin. (Pubitemid 351830053)
    • (2008) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.105 , Issue.21 , pp. 7534-7539
    • Jang, S.1    Kelley, K.W.2    Johnson, R.W.3
  • 197
    • 34248146559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of interleukin-1β mediated inflammatory response in human astrocytes by flavonoids: Implications in neuroprotection
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.016, PII S0361923007000664
    • Sharma V, Mishra M, Ghosh S, et al. Modulation of interleukin-1beta mediated inflammatory response in human astrocytes by flavonoids: implications in neuroprotection. Brain Res Bull 2007;73(1-3):55-63 (Pubitemid 46710246)
    • (2007) Brain Research Bulletin , vol.73 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 55-63
    • Sharma, V.1    Mishra, M.2    Ghosh, S.3    Tewari, R.4    Basu, A.5    Seth, P.6    Sen, E.7
  • 198
    • 52149089939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quercetin protects against acute immobilization stress-induced behaviors and biochemical alterations in mice
    • Interesting study showing that acute stress can induce ASD-like symptoms and decrease glutathione levels in mice, while the flavonoid luteolin reverses these effects
    • Kumar A, Goyal R. Quercetin protects against acute immobilization stress-induced behaviors and biochemical alterations in mice. J Med Food 2008;11(3):469-73 Interesting study showing that acute stress can induce ASD-like symptoms and decrease glutathione levels in mice, while the flavonoid luteolin reverses these effects.
    • (2008) J Med Food , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 469-473
    • Kumar, A.1    Goyal, R.2
  • 199
    • 0034062416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of luteolin, quercetin and baicalein on immunoglobulin E- Mediated mediator release from human cultured mast cells
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00768.x
    • Kimata M, Shichijo M, Miura T, et al. Effects of luteolin, quercetin and baicalein on immunoglobulin E-mediated mediator release from human cultured mast cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30:501-508 (Pubitemid 30253188)
    • (2000) Clinical and Experimental Allergy , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 501-508
    • Kimata, M.1    Shichijo, M.2    Miura, T.3    Serizawa, I.4    Inagaki, N.5    Nagai, H.6
  • 200
    • 23744474477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels and protein kinase C theta phosphorylation in human mast cells
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706246
    • Kempuraj D, Madhappan B, Christodoulou S, et al. Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels and protein kinase C theta phosphorylation in human mast cells. Br J Pharmacol 2005;145:934-944 Comparative study of the ability of select flavonoids to inhibit cytokine secretion from human mast cells. (Pubitemid 41129015)
    • (2005) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.145 , Issue.7 , pp. 934-944
    • Kempuraj, D.1    Madhappan, B.2    Christodoulou, S.3    Boucher, W.4    Cao, J.5    Papadopoulou, N.6    Cetrulo, C.L.7    Theoharides, T.C.8
  • 202
    • 34548812546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties
    • DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.015, PII S0278691507001780
    • Harwood M, Nielewska-Nikiel B, Borzelleca JF, et al. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45(11):2179-2205 A recent comprehensive review concluding that quercetin is safe to use as a dietary supplement. (Pubitemid 47451573)
    • (2007) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 2179-2205
    • Harwood, M.1    Danielewska-Nikiel, B.2    Borzelleca, J.F.3    Flamm, G.W.4    Williams, G.M.5    Lines, T.C.6
  • 203
    • 4043089112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans
    • DOI 10.1080/10715760410001727858
    • Manach C, Donovan JL. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans. Free Radic Res 2004;38(8):771-785 (Pubitemid 39077365)
    • (2004) Free Radical Research , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 771-785
    • Manach, C.1    Donovan, J.L.2
  • 204
    • 0033661837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers
    • Erlund I, Kosonen T, Alfthan G, et al. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56(8):545-553
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.56 , Issue.8 , pp. 545-553
    • Erlund, I.1    Kosonen, T.2    Alfthan, G.3
  • 206
    • 68949117102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rupatadine inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator secretion from human mast cells
    • In press First report that an antihistamine and platelet-activation factor (PAF) blocker inhibits mast cell activation
    • Vasiadi M, Kalogeromitros K, Kempuraj D, et al. Rupatadine inhibits pro-inflammatory mediator secretion from human mast cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2009. In press First report that an antihistamine and platelet-activation factor (PAF) blocker inhibits mast cell activation.
    • (2009) Clin Exp Allergy
    • Vasiadi, M.1    Kalogeromitros, K.2    Kempuraj, D.3
  • 207
    • 33745115657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of naltrexone use in pediatric patients with autistic disorder
    • DOI 10.1345/aph.1G499
    • Elchaar GM, Maisch NM, Augusto LM, Wehring HJ. Efficacy and safety of naltrexone use in pediatric patients with autistic disorder. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40(6):1086-1095 (Pubitemid 43886966)
    • (2006) Annals of Pharmacotherapy , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1086-1095
    • Elchaar, G.M.1    Maisch, N.M.2    Gianni Augusto, L.M.3    Wehring, H.J.4
  • 208
    • 0027373381 scopus 로고
    • Opiates, mast cells and histamine release
    • Barke KE, Hough LB. Opiates, mast cells and histamine release. Life Sci 1993;53:1391-1399 (Pubitemid 23288945)
    • (1993) Life Sciences , vol.53 , Issue.18 , pp. 1391-1399
    • Barke, K.E.1    Hough, L.B.2
  • 210
    • 0033842628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and cellular localization of the rat mast cell 78kD protein phosphorylated in response to the mast cell 'stabilizer' cromolyn
    • First report of the cloning of a particular phosphoprotein, the expression of which has an inverse relationship with mast-cell activation
    • Theoharides TC, Wang L, Pang X, et al. Cloning and cellular localization of the rat mast cell 78kD protein phosphorylated in response to the mast cell 'stabilizer' cromolyn. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:810-821 First report of the cloning of a particular phosphoprotein, the expression of which has an inverse relationship with mast-cell activation.
    • (2000) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.294 , pp. 810-821
    • Theoharides, T.C.1    Wang, L.2    Pang, X.3
  • 211
    • 68949130040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) inhibits mast cell activation and reduces histamine content
    • In press First report that low expression of a mitochondrial protein known to regulate the production of reactive oxygen species permits high mast-cell activation
    • Tagen M, Elorza A, Boucher W, et al. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) inhibits mast cell activation and reduces histamine content. J Immunol 2009. In press First report that low expression of a mitochondrial protein known to regulate the production of reactive oxygen species permits high mast-cell activation.
    • (2009) J Immunol
    • Tagen, M.1    Elorza, A.2    Boucher, W.3
  • 212
    • 0024564125 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of ketotifen for chronic urticaria: Multicenter double-blind comparative study with clemastine
    • Kamide R, Niimura M, Ueda H, et al. Clinical evaluation of ketotifen for chronic urticaria: multicenter double-blind comparative study with clemastine. Ann Allergy 1989;62:322-325 (Pubitemid 19116405)
    • (1989) Annals of Allergy , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-325
    • Kamide, R.1    Niimura, M.2    Ueda, H.3    Imamura, S.4    Yamamoto, S.5    Yoshida, H.6    Kukita, A.7
  • 213
    • 56849108261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: A cohort analysis
    • Weissman JR, Kelley RI, Bauman ML, et al. Mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder patients: a cohort analysis. PLoS One 2008;3(11):e3815
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , Issue.11
    • Weissman, J.R.1    Kelley, R.I.2    Bauman, M.L.3
  • 214
    • 66449098701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: Citalopram ineffective in children with autism
    • King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, et al. Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66(6):583-590
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 583-590
    • King, B.H.1    Hollander, E.2    Sikich, L.3
  • 215
    • 66449126496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citalopram treatment in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior
    • Volkmar FR. Citalopram treatment in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66(6):581-582
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 581-582
    • Volkmar, F.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.