메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 119, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1403-1413

Pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; DISPATCHED HOMOLOG 1; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GROWTH ARREST SPECIFIC PROTEIN 1; GROWTH FACTOR; MEGALIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTEIN NODAL; PROTEIN PATCHED 1; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; TERATOCARCINOMA DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXH1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLI2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SIX3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC FINGER PROTEIN; ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 2;

EID: 67650996756     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: 15588238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI38937     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (77)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 3242731910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrula organiser and embryonic patterning in the mouse
    • Robb, L., and Tam, P.P. 2004. Gastrula organiser and embryonic patterning in the mouse. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 15:543-554.
    • (2004) Semin. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 543-554
    • Robb, L.1    Tam, P.P.2
  • 2
    • 34247226529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene function in mouse embryogenesis: Get set for gastrulation
    • Tam, P.P., and Loebel, D.A. 2007. Gene function in mouse embryogenesis: get set for gastrulation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8:368-381.
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Genet , vol.8 , pp. 368-381
    • Tam, P.P.1    Loebel, D.A.2
  • 3
    • 0442278332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early steps in the development of the forebrain
    • Wilson, S.W., and Houart, C. 2004. Early steps in the development of the forebrain. Dev. Cell. 6:167-181.
    • (2004) Dev. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 167-181
    • Wilson, S.W.1    Houart, C.2
  • 5
    • 34547700773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal of a model of mammalian neural induction
    • Levine, A.J., and Brivanlou, A.H. 2007. Proposal of a model of mammalian neural induction. Dev. Biol. 308:247-256.
    • (2007) Dev. Biol , vol.308 , pp. 247-256
    • Levine, A.J.1    Brivanlou, A.H.2
  • 6
    • 21844439565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA. 731 pp
    • Stern, C.D. 2004. Gastrulation: from cells to embryo. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA. 731 pp.
    • (2004) Gastrulation: From cells to embryo
    • Stern, C.D.1
  • 7
    • 0033046812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head induction in the chick by primitive endoderm of mammalian, but not avian origin
    • Knoetgen, H., Viebahn, C., and Kessel, M. 1999. Head induction in the chick by primitive endoderm of mammalian, but not avian origin. Development. 126:815-825.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 815-825
    • Knoetgen, H.1    Viebahn, C.2    Kessel, M.3
  • 8
    • 0035512780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cerebral cortical patterning in mice and humans
    • Monuki, E.S., and Walsh, C.A. 2001. Mechanisms of cerebral cortical patterning in mice and humans. Nat. Neurosci. 4(Suppl.):1199-1206.
    • (2001) Nat. Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1199-1206
    • Monuki, E.S.1    Walsh, C.A.2
  • 9
    • 27644507808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex
    • Sur, M., and Rubenstein, J.L. 2005. Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Science. 310:805-810.
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 805-810
    • Sur, M.1    Rubenstein, J.L.2
  • 11
    • 0034520025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction and dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon
    • Wilson, S.W., and Rubenstein, J.L. 2000. Induction and dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon. Neuron. 28:641-651.
    • (2000) Neuron , vol.28 , pp. 641-651
    • Wilson, S.W.1    Rubenstein, J.L.2
  • 12
    • 0001400172 scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly (cyclopiaarhinencephaly)
    • P.J. Vinken and G.W. Bruyn, editors. North-Holland Publishing Company. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • DeMyer, W.E. 1977. Holoprosencephaly (cyclopiaarhinencephaly). In Handbook of clinical neurology. P.J. Vinken and G.W. Bruyn, editors. North-Holland Publishing Company. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 431-478.
    • (1977) Handbook of clinical neurology , pp. 431-478
    • DeMyer, W.E.1
  • 13
    • 0034008972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic approaches to understanding brain development: Holoprosencephaly as a model
    • Muenke, M., and Cohen, M.M., Jr. 2000. Genetic approaches to understanding brain development: holoprosencephaly as a model. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 6:15-21.
    • (2000) Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev , vol.6 , pp. 15-21
    • Muenke, M.1    Cohen Jr., M.M.2
  • 14
    • 33749472755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly: Clinical, anatomic, and molecular dimensions
    • Cohen, M.M., Jr. 2006. Holoprosencephaly: clinical, anatomic, and molecular dimensions. Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 76:658-673.
    • (2006) Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin. Mol. Teratol , vol.76 , pp. 658-673
    • Cohen Jr., M.M.1
  • 16
    • 34848848500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly: New models, new insights
    • Krauss, R.S. 2007. Holoprosencephaly: new models, new insights. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 9:1-17.
    • (2007) Expert Rev. Mol. Med , vol.9 , pp. 1-17
    • Krauss, R.S.1
  • 17
    • 10744224634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semilobar holoprosencephaly with midline 'seam': A topologic and morphogenetic model based upon MRI analysis
    • Takahashi, T., et al. 2003. Semilobar holoprosencephaly with midline 'seam': a topologic and morphogenetic model based upon MRI analysis. Cereb. Cortex. 13:1299-1312.
    • (2003) Cereb. Cortex , vol.13 , pp. 1299-1312
    • Takahashi, T.1
  • 19
    • 9044223649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of breakpoints in patients with holoprosencephaly and definition of the HPE2 critical region 2p21
    • Schell, U., et al. 1996. Molecular characterization of breakpoints in patients with holoprosencephaly and definition of the HPE2 critical region 2p21. Hum. Mol. Genet. 5:223-229.
    • (1996) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.5 , pp. 223-229
    • Schell, U.1
  • 20
    • 0032732443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mutational spectrum of the sonic hedgehog gene in holoprosencephaly: SHH mutations cause a significant proportion of autosomal dominant holoprosencephaly
    • Nanni, L., et al. 1999. The mutational spectrum of the sonic hedgehog gene in holoprosencephaly: SHH mutations cause a significant proportion of autosomal dominant holoprosencephaly. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:2479-2488.
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.8 , pp. 2479-2488
    • Nanni, L.1
  • 21
    • 0033064156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the homeodomain of the human SIX3 gene cause holoprosencephaly
    • Wallis, D.E., et al. 1999. Mutations in the homeodomain of the human SIX3 gene cause holoprosencephaly. Nat. Genet. 22:196-198.
    • (1999) Nat. Genet , vol.22 , pp. 196-198
    • Wallis, D.E.1
  • 22
    • 0037168811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: A distinct cliniconeuroradiologic subtype
    • Lewis, A.J., et al. 2002. Middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: a distinct cliniconeuroradiologic subtype. Neurology. 59:1860-1865.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1860-1865
    • Lewis, A.J.1
  • 23
    • 0036153378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly
    • Simon, E.M., et al. 2002. The middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23:151-156.
    • (2002) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.23 , pp. 151-156
    • Simon, E.M.1
  • 24
    • 0035311372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2: Alanine tract expansion mutations may be caused by parental somatic recombination
    • Brown, L.Y., et al. 2001. Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2: alanine tract expansion mutations may be caused by parental somatic recombination. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:791-796.
    • (2001) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.10 , pp. 791-796
    • Brown, L.Y.1
  • 25
    • 0037089999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogenesis of holoprosencephaly
    • Cohen, M.M., Jr., and Shiota, K. 2002. Teratogenesis of holoprosencephaly. Am. J. Med. Genet. 109:1-15.
    • (2002) Am. J. Med. Genet , vol.109 , pp. 1-15
    • Cohen Jr., M.M.1    Shiota, K.2
  • 26
  • 27
    • 0034107360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of ventral forebrain development and holoprosencephaly
    • Muenke, M., and Beachy, P.A. 2000. Genetics of ventral forebrain development and holoprosencephaly. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10:262-269.
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev , vol.10 , pp. 262-269
    • Muenke, M.1    Beachy, P.A.2
  • 28
    • 63749102692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The full spectrum of holoprosencephaly- associated mutations within the ZIC2 gene in humans predicts loss-of-function as the predominant disease mechanism
    • Roessler, E., et al. 2009. The full spectrum of holoprosencephaly- associated mutations within the ZIC2 gene in humans predicts loss-of-function as the predominant disease mechanism. Hum. Mutat. 30:E541-E554.
    • (2009) Hum. Mutat , vol.30
    • Roessler, E.1
  • 29
    • 12644317830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase by the teratogen AY9944: A rat model for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Kolf-Clauw, M., et al. 1996. Inhibition of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase by the teratogen AY9944: a rat model for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Teratology. 54:115-125.
    • (1996) Teratology , vol.54 , pp. 115-125
    • Kolf-Clauw, M.1
  • 30
    • 0033607623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of ventral cell populations in the developing brain in a rat model of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
    • Gofflot, F., Kolf-Clauw, M., Clotman, F., Roux, C., and Picard, J.J. 1999. Absence of ventral cell populations in the developing brain in a rat model of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 87:207-216.
    • (1999) Am. J. Med. Genet , vol.87 , pp. 207-216
    • Gofflot, F.1    Kolf-Clauw, M.2    Clotman, F.3    Roux, C.4    Picard, J.J.5
  • 31
    • 43249096303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal ethanol exposure activates protein kinase A and impairs Shh expression in prechordal mesendoderm cells in the pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly
    • Aoto, K., Shikata, Y., Higashiyama, D., Shiota, K., and Motoyama, J. 2008. Fetal ethanol exposure activates protein kinase A and impairs Shh expression in prechordal mesendoderm cells in the pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly. Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol. 82:224-231.
    • (2008) Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. Teratol , vol.82 , pp. 224-231
    • Aoto, K.1    Shikata, Y.2    Higashiyama, D.3    Shiota, K.4    Motoyama, J.5
  • 32
    • 34447508442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential developmental changes in holoprosencephalic mouse embryos exposed to ethanol during the gastrulation period
    • Higashiyama, D., et al. 2007. Sequential developmental changes in holoprosencephalic mouse embryos exposed to ethanol during the gastrulation period. Birth Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol. 79:513-523.
    • (2007) Birth Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol , vol.79 , pp. 513-523
    • Higashiyama, D.1
  • 33
    • 14544267237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniofacial anomalies of the cultured mouse embryo induced by inhibition of sonic hedgehog signaling: An animal model of holoprosencephaly
    • Nagase, T., et al. 2005. Craniofacial anomalies of the cultured mouse embryo induced by inhibition of sonic hedgehog signaling: an animal model of holoprosencephaly. J. Craniofac. Surg. 16:80-88.
    • (2005) J. Craniofac. Surg , vol.16 , pp. 80-88
    • Nagase, T.1
  • 34
    • 33947656333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nodal signaling: Developmental roles and regulation
    • Shen, M.M. 2007. Nodal signaling: developmental roles and regulation. Development. 134:1023-1034.
    • (2007) Development , vol.134 , pp. 1023-1034
    • Shen, M.M.1
  • 35
    • 0033515638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGF-CFC protein one-eyed pinhead is essential for nodal signaling
    • Gritsman, K., et al. 1999. The EGF-CFC protein one-eyed pinhead is essential for nodal signaling. Cell. 97:121-132.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.97 , pp. 121-132
    • Gritsman, K.1
  • 36
    • 0032505052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the zebrafish ventral brain and floorplate requires cyclops/nodal signalling
    • Sampath, K., et al. 1998. Induction of the zebrafish ventral brain and floorplate requires cyclops/nodal signalling. Nature. 395:185-189.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 185-189
    • Sampath, K.1
  • 38
    • 0027510084 scopus 로고
    • Nodal is a novel TGF-beta-like gene expressed in the mouse node during gastrulation
    • Zhou, X., Sasaki, H., Lowe, L., Hogan, B.L., and Kuehn, M.R. 1993. Nodal is a novel TGF-beta-like gene expressed in the mouse node during gastrulation. Nature. 361:543-547.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 543-547
    • Zhou, X.1    Sasaki, H.2    Lowe, L.3    Hogan, B.L.4    Kuehn, M.R.5
  • 39
    • 0032565859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad2 role in mesoderm formation, left-right patterning and craniofacial development
    • Nomura, M., and Li, E. 1998. Smad2 role in mesoderm formation, left-right patterning and craniofacial development. Nature. 393:786-790.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 786-790
    • Nomura, M.1    Li, E.2
  • 40
    • 0032531946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cripto is required for correct orientation of the anterior-posterior axis in the mouse embryo
    • Ding, J., et al. 1998. Cripto is required for correct orientation of the anterior-posterior axis in the mouse embryo. Nature. 395:702-707.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 702-707
    • Ding, J.1
  • 41
    • 0035872927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST) mediates Nodal signaling during anterior-posterior patterning and node formation in the mouse
    • Yamamoto, M., et al. 2001. The transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST) mediates Nodal signaling during anterior-posterior patterning and node formation in the mouse. Genes Dev. 15:1242-1256.
    • (2001) Genes Dev , vol.15 , pp. 1242-1256
    • Yamamoto, M.1
  • 42
    • 0035873224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FoxH1 (Fast) functions to specify the anterior primitive streak in the mouse
    • Hoodless, P.A., et al. 2001. FoxH1 (Fast) functions to specify the anterior primitive streak in the mouse. Genes Dev. 15:1257-1271.
    • (2001) Genes Dev , vol.15 , pp. 1257-1271
    • Hoodless, P.A.1
  • 43
    • 0034981436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of nodal function in patterning the mouse embryo
    • Lowe, L.A., Yamada, S., and Kuehn, M.R. 2001. Genetic dissection of nodal function in patterning the mouse embryo. Development. 128:1831-1843.
    • (2001) Development , vol.128 , pp. 1831-1843
    • Lowe, L.A.1    Yamada, S.2    Kuehn, M.R.3
  • 44
    • 31144451117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-cell-autonomous role for Cripto in axial midline formation during vertebrate embryogenesis
    • Chu, J., et al. 2005. Non-cell-autonomous role for Cripto in axial midline formation during vertebrate embryogenesis. Development. 132:5539-5551.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 5539-5551
    • Chu, J.1
  • 45
    • 0033198507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The type II activin receptors are essential for egg cylinder growth, gastrulation, and rostral head development in mice
    • Song, J., et al. 1999. The type II activin receptors are essential for egg cylinder growth, gastrulation, and rostral head development in mice. Dev. Biol. 213:157-169.
    • (1999) Dev. Biol , vol.213 , pp. 157-169
    • Song, J.1
  • 46
    • 0001728431 scopus 로고
    • The problem of cyclopia. Pt. II
    • Adelmann, H.B. 1936. The problem of cyclopia. Pt. II. Q. Rev. Biol. 11:284-304.
    • (1936) Q. Rev. Biol , vol.11 , pp. 284-304
    • Adelmann, H.B.1
  • 47
    • 0031043536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single morphogenetic field gives rise to two retina primordia under the influence of the prechordal plate
    • Li, H., Tierney, C., Wen, L., Wu, J.Y., and Rao, Y. 1997. A single morphogenetic field gives rise to two retina primordia under the influence of the prechordal plate. Development. 124:603-615.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 603-615
    • Li, H.1    Tierney, C.2    Wen, L.3    Wu, J.Y.4    Rao, Y.5
  • 48
    • 0030730266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterning of the chick forebrain anlage by the prechordal plate
    • Pera, E.M., and Kessel, M. 1997. Patterning of the chick forebrain anlage by the prechordal plate. Development. 124:4153-4162.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 4153-4162
    • Pera, E.M.1    Kessel, M.2
  • 49
    • 0030796030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain
    • Shimamura, K., and Rubenstein, J.L. 1997. Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain. Development. 124:2709-2718.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 2709-2718
    • Shimamura, K.1    Rubenstein, J.L.2
  • 50
    • 33646198366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic interaction between Gdf1 and Nodal during anterior axis development
    • Andersson, O., Reissmann, E., Jornvall, H., and Ibanez, C.F. 2006. Synergistic interaction between Gdf1 and Nodal during anterior axis development. Dev. Biol. 293:370-381.
    • (2006) Dev. Biol , vol.293 , pp. 370-381
    • Andersson, O.1    Reissmann, E.2    Jornvall, H.3    Ibanez, C.F.4
  • 51
    • 0035831529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical and functional interactions between Zic and Gli proteins
    • Koyabu, Y., Nakata, K., Mizugishi, K., Aruga, J., and Mikoshiba, K. 2001. Physical and functional interactions between Zic and Gli proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276:6889-6892.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 6889-6892
    • Koyabu, Y.1    Nakata, K.2    Mizugishi, K.3    Aruga, J.4    Mikoshiba, K.5
  • 52
    • 0034652275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation
    • Nagai, T., et al. 2000. Zic2 regulates the kinetics of neurulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:1618-1623.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.97 , pp. 1618-1623
    • Nagai, T.1
  • 53
    • 13544256595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro analysis of partial loss-of-function ZIC2 mutations in holoprosencephaly: Alanine tract expansion modulates DNA binding and transactivation
    • Brown, L., Paraso, M., Arkell, R., and Brown, S. 2005. In vitro analysis of partial loss-of-function ZIC2 mutations in holoprosencephaly: alanine tract expansion modulates DNA binding and transactivation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14:411-420.
    • (2005) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.14 , pp. 411-420
    • Brown, L.1    Paraso, M.2    Arkell, R.3    Brown, S.4
  • 54
    • 0344925859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zic2 is required for neural crest formation and hindbrain patterning during mouse development
    • Elms, P., Siggers, P., Napper, D., Greenfield, A., and Arkell, R. 2003. Zic2 is required for neural crest formation and hindbrain patterning during mouse development. Dev. Biol. 264:391-406.
    • (2003) Dev. Biol , vol.264 , pp. 391-406
    • Elms, P.1    Siggers, P.2    Napper, D.3    Greenfield, A.4    Arkell, R.5
  • 55
    • 52949154367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zic2-associated holoprosencephaly is caused by a transient defect in the organizer region during gastrulation
    • Warr, N., et al. 2008. Zic2-associated holoprosencephaly is caused by a transient defect in the organizer region during gastrulation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:2986-2996.
    • (2008) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.17 , pp. 2986-2996
    • Warr, N.1
  • 56
    • 28044471183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal Xenopus Zic2 negatively regulates Nodal-related gene expression during anteroposterior patterning
    • Houston, D.W., and Wylie, C. 2005. Maternal Xenopus Zic2 negatively regulates Nodal-related gene expression during anteroposterior patterning. Development. 132:4845-4855.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 4845-4855
    • Houston, D.W.1    Wylie, C.2
  • 57
    • 2242437180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of excess nodal sig naling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1
    • Iratni, R., et al. 2002. Inhibition of excess nodal sig naling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1. Science. 298:1996-1999.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1996-1999
    • Iratni, R.1
  • 58
    • 0038682002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus
    • Shi, Y., and Massague, J. 2003. Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell. 113:685-700.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.113 , pp. 685-700
    • Shi, Y.1    Massague, J.2
  • 59
    • 8444237836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsalventral patterning and neural induction in Xenopus embryos
    • De Robertis, E.M., and Kuroda, H. 2004. Dorsalventral patterning and neural induction in Xenopus embryos. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:285-308.
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 285-308
    • De Robertis, E.M.1    Kuroda, H.2
  • 60
    • 0034628534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development
    • Bachiller, D., et al. 2000. The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development. Nature. 403:658-661.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 658-661
    • Bachiller, D.1
  • 61
    • 1542267409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development
    • Petryk, A., et al. 2004. The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development. Dev. Biol. 267:374-386.
    • (2004) Dev. Biol , vol.267 , pp. 374-386
    • Petryk, A.1
  • 62
    • 0036848653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chordin and noggin promote organizing centers of forebrain development in the mouse
    • Anderson, R.M., Lawrence, A.R., Stottmann, R.W., Bachiller, D., and Klingensmith, J. 2002. Chordin and noggin promote organizing centers of forebrain development in the mouse. Development. 129:4975-4987.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 4975-4987
    • Anderson, R.M.1    Lawrence, A.R.2    Stottmann, R.W.3    Bachiller, D.4    Klingensmith, J.5
  • 63
    • 0842344611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of mouse Twisted gastrulation reveals its role in promoting Bmp4 activity during forebrain development
    • Zakin, L., and De Robertis, E.M. 2004. Inactivation of mouse Twisted gastrulation reveals its role in promoting Bmp4 activity during forebrain development. Development. 131:413-424.
    • (2004) Development , vol.131 , pp. 413-424
    • Zakin, L.1    De Robertis, E.M.2
  • 65
    • 48549091913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haploinsufficiency of Six3 fails to activate Sonic hedgehog expression in the ventral forebrain and causes holoprosencephaly
    • Geng, X., et al. 2008. Haploinsufficiency of Six3 fails to activate Sonic hedgehog expression in the ventral forebrain and causes holoprosencephaly. Dev. Cell. 15:236-247.
    • (2008) Dev. Cell , vol.15 , pp. 236-247
    • Geng, X.1
  • 66
    • 0029777408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog gene function
    • Chiang, C., et al. 1996. Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog gene function. Nature. 383:407-413.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 407-413
    • Chiang, C.1
  • 67
    • 0142153787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hedgehog signaling network
    • Cohen, M.M., Jr. 2003. The hedgehog signaling network. Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 123A:5-28.
    • (2003) Am. J. Med. Genet. A , vol.123 A , pp. 5-28
    • Cohen Jr., M.M.1
  • 68
    • 33750200389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orchestrating ontogenesis: Variations on a theme by sonic hedgehog
    • Ingham, P.W., and Placzek, M. 2006. Orchestrating ontogenesis: variations on a theme by sonic hedgehog. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7:841-850.
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Genet , vol.7 , pp. 841-850
    • Ingham, P.W.1    Placzek, M.2
  • 69
    • 0033598964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatched, a novel sterol-sensing domain protein dedicated to the release of cholesterol-modified hedgehog from signaling cells
    • Burke, R., et al. 1999. Dispatched, a novel sterol-sensing domain protein dedicated to the release of cholesterol-modified hedgehog from signaling cells. Cell. 99:803-815.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 803-815
    • Burke, R.1
  • 70
    • 0037020216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog-mediated patterning of the mammalian embryo requires transporter-like function of dispatched
    • Ma, Y., et al. 2002. Hedgehog-mediated patterning of the mammalian embryo requires transporter-like function of dispatched. Cell. 111:63-75.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.111 , pp. 63-75
    • Ma, Y.1
  • 71
    • 0035958941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoothened mutants reveal redundant roles for Shh and Ihh signaling including regulation of L/R symmetry by the mouse node
    • Zhang, X.M., Ramalho-Santos, M., and McMahon, A.P. 2001. Smoothened mutants reveal redundant roles for Shh and Ihh signaling including regulation of L/R symmetry by the mouse node. Cell. 106:781-792.
    • (2001) Cell , vol.106 , pp. 781-792
    • Zhang, X.M.1    Ramalho-Santos, M.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 72
    • 0028895055 scopus 로고
    • Mouse Otx2 functions in the formation and patterning of rostral head
    • Matsuo, I., Kuratani, S., Kimura, C., Takeda, N., and Aizawa, S. 1995. Mouse Otx2 functions in the formation and patterning of rostral head. Genes Dev. 9:2646-2658.
    • (1995) Genes Dev , vol.9 , pp. 2646-2658
    • Matsuo, I.1    Kuratani, S.2    Kimura, C.3    Takeda, N.4    Aizawa, S.5
  • 73
    • 0028169992 scopus 로고
    • HNF-3 beta is essential for node and notochord formation in mouse development
    • Ang, S.L., and Rossant, J. 1994. HNF-3 beta is essential for node and notochord formation in mouse development. Cell. 78:561-574.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 561-574
    • Ang, S.L.1    Rossant, J.2
  • 74
    • 0035221937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Otx2 and HNF3beta genetically interact in anterior patterning
    • Jin, O., Harpal, K., Ang, S.L., and Rossant, J. 2001. Otx2 and HNF3beta genetically interact in anterior patterning. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 45:357-365.
    • (2001) Int. J. Dev. Biol , vol.45 , pp. 357-365
    • Jin, O.1    Harpal, K.2    Ang, S.L.3    Rossant, J.4
  • 75
    • 0029617682 scopus 로고
    • Six3, a murine homologue of the sine oculis gene, demarcates the most anterior border of the developing neural plate and is expressed during eye development
    • Oliver, G., et al. 1995. Six3, a murine homologue of the sine oculis gene, demarcates the most anterior border of the developing neural plate and is expressed during eye development. Development. 121:4045-4055.
    • (1995) Development , vol.121 , pp. 4045-4055
    • Oliver, G.1
  • 76
    • 57049100243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human SIX3 gene in holoprosencephaly are loss-of-function
    • Domene, S., et al. 2008. Mutations in the human SIX3 gene in holoprosencephaly are loss-of-function. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:3919-3928.
    • (2008) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.17 , pp. 3919-3928
    • Domene, S.1
  • 77
    • 0037314194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six3 repression of Wnt signaling in the anterior neuroectoderm is essential for vertebrate forebrain development
    • Lagutin, O.V., et al. 2003. Six3 repression of Wnt signaling in the anterior neuroectoderm is essential for vertebrate forebrain development. Genes Dev. 17:368-379.
    • (2003) Genes Dev , vol.17 , pp. 368-379
    • Lagutin, O.V.1
  • 78
    • 41649083244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six3 inactivation causes progressive caudalization and aberrant patterning of the mammalian diencephalon
    • Lavado, A., Lagutin, O.V., and Oliver, G. 2008. Six3 inactivation causes progressive caudalization and aberrant patterning of the mammalian diencephalon. Development. 135:441-450.
    • (2008) Development , vol.135 , pp. 441-450
    • Lavado, A.1    Lagutin, O.V.2    Oliver, G.3
  • 79
    • 55049108856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of a remote Shh forebrain enhancer by the Six3 homeoprotein
    • Jeong, Y., et al. 2008. Regulation of a remote Shh forebrain enhancer by the Six3 homeoprotein. Nat. Genet. 40:1348-1353.
    • (2008) Nat. Genet , vol.40 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Jeong, Y.1
  • 80
    • 33646120095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdo functions at multiple points in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, and Cdo-deficient mice accurately model human holoprosencephaly
    • Zhang, W., Kang, J.S., Cole, F., Yi, M.J., and Krauss, R.S. 2006. Cdo functions at multiple points in the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, and Cdo-deficient mice accurately model human holoprosencephaly. Dev. Cell. 10:657-665.
    • (2006) Dev. Cell , vol.10 , pp. 657-665
    • Zhang, W.1    Kang, J.S.2    Cole, F.3    Yi, M.J.4    Krauss, R.S.5
  • 81
    • 0032841612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of Nkx2.1 homeobox gene function results in a ventral to dorsal molecular respecification within the basal telencephalon: Evidence for a transformation of the pallidum into the striatum
    • Sussel, L., Marin, O., Kimura, S., and Rubenstein, J.L. 1999. Loss of Nkx2.1 homeobox gene function results in a ventral to dorsal molecular respecification within the basal telencephalon: evidence for a transformation of the pallidum into the striatum. Development. 126:3359-3370.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 3359-3370
    • Sussel, L.1    Marin, O.2    Kimura, S.3    Rubenstein, J.L.4
  • 82
    • 33744528910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent functions of Fgf8 in regulating telencephalic patterning centers
    • Storm, E.E., et al. 2006. Dose-dependent functions of Fgf8 in regulating telencephalic patterning centers. Development. 133:1831-1844.
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 1831-1844
    • Storm, E.E.1
  • 83
    • 33748147910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF signalling generates ventral telencephalic cells independently of SHH
    • Gutin, G., et al. 2006. FGF signalling generates ventral telencephalic cells independently of SHH. Development. 133:2937-2946.
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 2937-2946
    • Gutin, G.1
  • 84
    • 0035842571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate expression of Fgf8, Otx2, Bmp4, and Shh in the rostral prosencephalon during development of the telencephalic and optic vesicles
    • Crossley, P.H., Martinez, S., Ohkubo, Y., and Rubenstein, J.L. 2001. Coordinate expression of Fgf8, Otx2, Bmp4, and Shh in the rostral prosencephalon during development of the telencephalic and optic vesicles. Neuroscience. 108:183-206.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.108 , pp. 183-206
    • Crossley, P.H.1    Martinez, S.2    Ohkubo, Y.3    Rubenstein, J.L.4
  • 85
    • 0037156473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate regulation and synergistic actions of BMP4, SHH and FGF8 in the rostral prosencephalon regulate morphogenesis of the telencephalic and optic vesicles
    • Ohkubo, Y., Chiang, C., and Rubenstein, J.L. 2002. Coordinate regulation and synergistic actions of BMP4, SHH and FGF8 in the rostral prosencephalon regulate morphogenesis of the telencephalic and optic vesicles. Neuroscience. 111:1-17.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.111 , pp. 1-17
    • Ohkubo, Y.1    Chiang, C.2    Rubenstein, J.L.3
  • 86
    • 0036848489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsoventral patterning is established in the telencephalon of mutants lacking both Gli3 and Hedgehog signaling
    • Rallu, M., et al. 2002. Dorsoventral patterning is established in the telencephalon of mutants lacking both Gli3 and Hedgehog signaling. Development. 129:4963-4974.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 4963-4974
    • Rallu, M.1
  • 87
    • 0029775625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective forebrain development in mice lacking gp330/megalin
    • Willnow, T.E., et al. 1996. Defective forebrain development in mice lacking gp330/megalin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:8460-8464.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.93 , pp. 8460-8464
    • Willnow, T.E.1
  • 88
    • 13944258550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRP2/megalin is required for patterning of the ventral telencephalon
    • Spoelgen, R., et al. 2005. LRP2/megalin is required for patterning of the ventral telencephalon. Development. 132:405-414.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 405-414
    • Spoelgen, R.1
  • 90
    • 33748929665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial trafficking of Sonic hedgehog by megalin
    • Morales, C.R., et al. 2006. Epithelial trafficking of Sonic hedgehog by megalin. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54:1115-1127.
    • (2006) J. Histochem. Cytochem , vol.54 , pp. 1115-1127
    • Morales, C.R.1
  • 91
    • 0037418593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microform holoprosencephaly in mice that lack the Ig superfamily member Cdon
    • Cole, F., and Krauss, R.S. 2003. Microform holoprosencephaly in mice that lack the Ig superfamily member Cdon. Curr. Biol. 13:411-415.
    • (2003) Curr. Biol , vol.13 , pp. 411-415
    • Cole, F.1    Krauss, R.S.2
  • 92
    • 16844371503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into craniofacial morphogenesis
    • Helms, J.A., Cordero, D., and Tapadia, M.D. 2005. New insights into craniofacial morphogenesis. Development. 132:851-861.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 851-861
    • Helms, J.A.1    Cordero, D.2    Tapadia, M.D.3
  • 93
    • 0032749014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sonic hedgehog in normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis
    • Hu, D., and Helms, J.A. 1999. The role of sonic hedgehog in normal and abnormal craniofacial morphogenesis. Development. 126:4873-4884.
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 4873-4884
    • Hu, D.1    Helms, J.A.2
  • 94
    • 1942466507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling in the neural crest cells regulates the patterning and growth of facial primordia
    • Jeong, J., Mao, J., Tenzen, T., Kottmann, A.H., and McMahon, A.P. 2004. Hedgehog signaling in the neural crest cells regulates the patterning and growth of facial primordia. Genes Dev. 18:937-951.
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 937-951
    • Jeong, J.1    Mao, J.2    Tenzen, T.3    Kottmann, A.H.4    McMahon, A.P.5
  • 95
    • 34249904447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas1 is a modifier for holoprosencephaly and genetically interacts with sonic hedgehog
    • Seppala, M., et al. 2007. Gas1 is a modifier for holoprosencephaly and genetically interacts with sonic hedgehog. J. Clin. Invest. 117:1575-1584.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Invest , vol.117 , pp. 1575-1584
    • Seppala, M.1
  • 96
    • 34249007279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hedgehog-binding proteins Gas1 and Cdo cooperate to positively regulate Shh signaling during mouse development
    • Allen, B.L., Tenzen, T., and McMahon, A.P. 2007. The Hedgehog-binding proteins Gas1 and Cdo cooperate to positively regulate Shh signaling during mouse development. Genes Dev. 21:1244-1257.
    • (2007) Genes Dev , vol.21 , pp. 1244-1257
    • Allen, B.L.1    Tenzen, T.2    McMahon, A.P.3
  • 97
    • 0034055649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
    • Park, H.L., et al. 2000. Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation. Development. 127:1593-1605.
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 1593-1605
    • Park, H.L.1
  • 98
    • 0031691186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Shh signalling pathway in tooth development: Defects in Gli2 and Gli3 mutants
    • Hardcastle, Z., Mo, R., Hui, C.C., and Sharpe, P.T. 1998. The Shh signalling pathway in tooth development: defects in Gli2 and Gli3 mutants. Development. 125:2803-2811.
    • (1998) Development , vol.125 , pp. 2803-2811
    • Hardcastle, Z.1    Mo, R.2    Hui, C.C.3    Sharpe, P.T.4
  • 99
    • 33747053414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central roles of the roof plate in telencephalic development and holoprosencephaly
    • Cheng, X., et al. 2006. Central roles of the roof plate in telencephalic development and holoprosencephaly. J. Neurosci. 26:7640-7649.
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 7640-7649
    • Cheng, X.1
  • 100
    • 35348898884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the BMP pathway in mice support the existence of two molecular classes of holoprosencephaly
    • Fernandes, M., Gutin, G., Alcorn, H., McConnell, S.K., and Hebert, J.M. 2007. Mutations in the BMP pathway in mice support the existence of two molecular classes of holoprosencephaly. Development. 134:3789- 3794.
    • (2007) Development , vol.134 , pp. 3789-3794
    • Fernandes, M.1    Gutin, G.2    Alcorn, H.3    McConnell, S.K.4    Hebert, J.M.5
  • 101
    • 34447329291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic sonic hedgehog signaling impairs telencephalic dorsal midline development: Implication for human holoprosencephaly
    • Huang, X., Litingtung, Y., and Chiang, C. 2007. Ectopic sonic hedgehog signaling impairs telencephalic dorsal midline development: implication for human holoprosencephaly. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16:1454-1468.
    • (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.16 , pp. 1454-1468
    • Huang, X.1    Litingtung, Y.2    Chiang, C.3
  • 102
    • 0035184055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early eye development in vertebrates
    • Chow, R.L., and Lang, R.A. 2001. Early eye development in vertebrates. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 17:255-296.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 255-296
    • Chow, R.L.1    Lang, R.A.2
  • 103
    • 33645073400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional screen for sonic hedgehog regulatory elements across a 1 Mb interval identifies long-range ventral forebrain enhancers
    • Jeong, Y., El-Jaick, K., Roessler, E., Muenke, M., and Epstein, D.J. 2006. A functional screen for sonic hedgehog regulatory elements across a 1 Mb interval identifies long-range ventral forebrain enhancers. Development. 133:761-772.
    • (2006) Development , vol.133 , pp. 761-772
    • Jeong, Y.1    El-Jaick, K.2    Roessler, E.3    Muenke, M.4    Epstein, D.J.5
  • 104
    • 0037452624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosage of Fgf8 determines whether cell survival is positively or negatively regulated in the developing forebrain
    • Storm, E.E., Rubenstein, J.L., and Martin, G.R. 2003. Dosage of Fgf8 determines whether cell survival is positively or negatively regulated in the developing forebrain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:1757-1762.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.100 , pp. 1757-1762
    • Storm, E.E.1    Rubenstein, J.L.2    Martin, G.R.3
  • 105
    • 38149103016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ongoing sonic hedgehog signaling is required for dorsal midline formation in the developing forebrain
    • Hayhurst, M., Gore, B.B., Tessier-Lavigne, M., and McConnell, S.K. 2008. Ongoing sonic hedgehog signaling is required for dorsal midline formation in the developing forebrain. Dev. Neurobiol. 68:83-100.
    • (2008) Dev. Neurobiol , vol.68 , pp. 83-100
    • Hayhurst, M.1    Gore, B.B.2    Tessier-Lavigne, M.3    McConnell, S.K.4
  • 106
    • 34447304887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphogen signaling network in forebrain development and holoprosencephaly
    • Monuki, E.S. 2007. The morphogen signaling network in forebrain development and holoprosencephaly. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 66:566-575.
    • (2007) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 566-575
    • Monuki, E.S.1
  • 107
    • 23244451065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular interactions coordinating the development of the forebrain and face
    • Marcucio, R.S., Cordero, D.R., Hu, D., and Helms, J.A. 2005. Molecular interactions coordinating the development of the forebrain and face. Dev. Biol. 284:48-61.
    • (2005) Dev. Biol , vol.284 , pp. 48-61
    • Marcucio, R.S.1    Cordero, D.R.2    Hu, D.3    Helms, J.A.4
  • 108
    • 0036844229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple hits during early embryonic development: Digenic diseases and holoprosencephaly
    • Ming, J.E., and Muenke, M. 2002. Multiple hits during early embryonic development: digenic diseases and holoprosencephaly. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71:1017-1032.
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet , vol.71 , pp. 1017-1032
    • Ming, J.E.1    Muenke, M.2
  • 109
    • 17644402450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of Tgif, the mouse ortholog of a human holoprosencephaly gene, does not result in holoprosencephaly in mice
    • Shen, J., and Walsh, C.A. 2005. Targeted disruption of Tgif, the mouse ortholog of a human holoprosencephaly gene, does not result in holoprosencephaly in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:3639-3647.
    • (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.25 , pp. 3639-3647
    • Shen, J.1    Walsh, C.A.2
  • 110
    • 33845367070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intragenic deletion of Tgif causes defectsin brain development
    • Kuang, C., et al. 2006. Intragenic deletion of Tgif causes defectsin brain development. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15:3508-3519.
    • (2006) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.15 , pp. 3508-3519
    • Kuang, C.1
  • 111
    • 67650840564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain Maps. http://www.brainmaps.org/ajax-viewer.php?datid=17&sname= epc20-hor
    • Brain Maps
  • 112
    • 67650795676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MedPix. http://rad.usuhs.mil/medpix/medpix-image.html?imageid=19795
    • MedPix
  • 113
    • 33750797456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdc42 deficiency causes Sonic hedgehog-independent holoprosencephaly
    • Chen, L., et al. 2006. Cdc42 deficiency causes Sonic hedgehog-independent holoprosencephaly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:16520- 16525.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A , vol.103 , pp. 16520-16525
    • Chen, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.