Telomerase and survivin in colorectal and pancreatic cancer - biomarkers of life and death in the balance between proliferation and apoptosis

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 253-261

  Søreide, Kjetil ^a  

^a STAVANGER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cell proliferation; Colorectal cancer; Surviving; Telomerase; Therapy

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; MOLECULAR MARKER; SURVIVIN; TELOMERASE;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER THERAPY; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL CANCER; DRUG TARGETING; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HUMAN; LETHALITY; PANCREAS ADENOCARCINOMA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TELOMERE;

EID: 65649135848     PISSN: 15733947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157339408786413353     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57-70.
2. Roberts AB, Wakefield LM. The two faces of transforming growth factor beta in carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 8621-3.
3. Søreide K, Janssen EA, Søiland H, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 395-406.
4. Radtke F, Clevers H. Self-renewal and cancer of the gut: two sides of a coin. Science 2005; 307: 1904-9.
5. van de Wetering M, Sancho E, Verweij C, et al. The beta-catenin/ TCF-4 complex imposes a crypt progenitor phenotype on colorectal cancer cells. Cell 2002; 111: 241-50.
6. Bienz M, Clevers H. Linking colorectal cancer to Wnt signaling. Cell 2000; 103: 311-20.
7. Zhang B, Ougolkov A, Yamashita K, et al. Beta-Catenin and ras oncogenes detect most human colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 3073-9.
8. Wong SC, Lo ES, Lee KC, et al. Prognostic and diagnostic significance of beta-catenin nuclear immunostaining in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 1401-8.
9. Wong NA, Pignatelli M. Beta-catenin - a linchpin in colorectal carcinogenesis? Am J Pathol 2002; 160: 389-401.
10. Fuchs SY, Ougolkov AV, Spiegelman VS, Minamoto T. Oncogenic beta-catenin signaling networks in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle 2005; 4: 1522-39.
11. Xie D, Sham JS, Zeng WF, et al. Heterogeneous expression and association of beta-catenin, p16 and c-myc in multistage colorectal tumorigenesis and progression detected by tissue microarray. Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 896-902.
12. Wong NA, Morris RG, McCondochie A, et al. Cyclin D1 overexpression in colorectal carcinoma in vivo is dependent on beta-catenin protein dysregulation, but not k-ras mutation. J Pathol 2002; 197: 128-35.
13. Søreide K, Janssen EA, Kørner H, Baak JP. Trypsin in colorectal cancer: molecular biological mechanisms of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. J Pathol 2006; 209: 147-56.
14. Smith G, Carey FA, Beattie J, et al. Mutations in APC, Kirsten-ras, and p53 - alternative genetic pathways to colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 9433-8.
15. Leslie A, Pratt NR, Gillespie K, et al. Mutations of APC, K-ras, and p53 are associated with specific chromosomal aberrations in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 4656-61.
16. Takayama T, Ohi M, Hayashi T, et al. Analysis of K-ras, APC, and beta-catenin in aberrant crypt foci in sporadic adenoma, cancer, and familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 599-611.
17. Rashid A, Zahurak M, Goodman SN, Hamilton SR. Genetic epidemiology of mutated K-ras proto-oncogene, altered suppressor genes, and microsatellite instability in colorectal adenomas. Gut 1999; 44: 826-33.
18. Deng G, Bell I, Crawley S, et al. BRAF mutation is frequently present in sporadic colorectal cancer with methylated hMLH1, but not in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 191-95.
19. Samowitz WS, Holden JA, Curtin K, et al. Inverse relationship between microsatellite instability and K-ras and p53 gene alterations in colon cancer. Am J Pathol 2001; 158: 1517-24.
20. Esteller M, Gonzalez S, Risques RA, et al. K-ras and p16 aberrations confer poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 299-304.
21. Lowe SW, Lin AW. Apoptosis in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 485-95.
22. Koornstra JJ, de Jong S, Hollema H, et al. Changes in apoptosis during the development of colorectal cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003; 45: 37-53.
23. Watson AJ. Apoptosis and colorectal cancer. Gut 2004; 53: 1701-9.
24. Hoff G, Foerster A, Vatn MH, et al. Epidemiology of polyps in the rectum and colon. Recovery and evaluation of unresected polyps 2 years after detection. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21: 853-62.
25. Loeve F, Boer R, Zauber AG, et al. National Polyp Study data: evidence for regression of adenomas. Int J Cancer 2004; 111: 633-39.
26. Søreide K. Metachronous and recurrent cancer development in colorectal neoplasia. Clinical aspects, molecular biomarkers and proteomic patterns in surveillance and risk evaluation. In Edition Stavanger, Norway: University of Bergen, Norway 2007; 176.
27. Ambrosini G, Adida C, Altieri DC. A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma. Nat Med 1997; 3: 917-21.
28. Altieri DC. Validating survivin as a cancer therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3: 46-54.
29. Altieri DC. The case for survivin as a regulator of microtubule dynamics and cell-death decisions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18: 609-15.
30. Endoh T, Tsuji N, Asanuma K, et al. Survivin enhances telomerase activity via up-regulation of specificity protein 1- and c-Myc-mediated human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene transcription. Exp Cell Res 2005; 305: 300-11.
31. Kim IJ, Kang HC, Park JH, et al. Development and applications of a beta-catenin oligonucleotide microarray: beta-catenin mutations are dominantly found in the proximal colon cancers with microsatellite instability. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 2920-5.
32. Kim PJ, Plescia J, Clevers H, et al. Survivin and molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Lancet 2003; 362: 205-9.
33. Bhanot U, Heydrich R, Moller P, Hasel C. Survivin expression in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN): steady increase along the developmental stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30: 754-9.
34. Søreide K, Buter TC, Janssen EA, et al. Cell-cycle and apoptosis regulators (p16INK4A, p21CIP1, beta-catenin, survivin, and hTERT) and morphometry-defined MPECs predict metachronous cancer development in colorectal adenoma patients. Cell Oncol 2007; 29: 301-13.
35. Boldrini L, Faviana P, Gisfredi S, et al. Evaluation of telomerase mRNA (hTERT) in colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2002; 21: 493-7.
36. Oka S, Tanaka S, Hiyama T, et al. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, p53 and Ki-67 expression and apoptosis in colorectal serrated adenoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37: 1194-1200.
37. Kanamaru T, Tanaka K, Kotani J, et al. Telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA in development and progression of adenoma to colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2002; 10: 205-10.
38. Tahara H, Yasui W, Tahara E, et al. Immuno-histochemical detection of human telomerase catalytic component, hTERT, in human colorectal tumor and non-tumor tissue sections. Oncogene 1999; 18: 1561-7.
39. Jacobs JJ, de Lange T. p16INK4a as a second effector of the telomere damage pathway. Cell Cycle 2005; 4: 1364-8.
40. Søreide K, Nedrebø BS, Knapp J-C, et al. Evolving molecular classification by genomic and proteomic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: potential implications for the surgical oncologist. Surg Oncol 2008; accepted
41. Søreide K. Genetics and molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2007; 127: 2818-23.
42. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 759-67.
43. Søreide K. Molecular testing for microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair defects in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancers - ready for prime time? Tumour Biol 2007; 28: 290-300.
44. Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 2007; 50: 113-30.
45. Calistri D, Rengucci C, Seymour I, et al. KRAS, p53 and BRAF gene mutations and aneuploidy in sporadic colorectal cancer progression. Cell Oncol 2006; 28: 161-6.
46. Smith D, Ballal M, Hodder R, et al. The adenoma carcinoma sequence: an indoctrinated model for tumorigenesis, but is it always a clinical reality? Colorectal Dis 2006; 8: 296-301.
47. Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 787-93.
48. Frigola J, Song J, Stirzaker C, et al. Epigenetic remodeling in colorectal cancer results in coordinate gene suppression across an entire chromosome band. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 540-49.
49. Conlin A, Smith G, Carey FA, et al. The prognostic significance of K-ras, p53, and APC mutations in colorectal carcinoma. Gut 2005; 54: 1283-6.
50. Gervaz P, Bucher P, Morel P. Two colons-two cancers: paradigm shift and clinical implications. J Surg Oncol 2004; 88: 261-6.
51. Jass JR, Whitehall VL, Young J, Leggett BA. Emerging concepts in colorectal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2002; 123: 862-76.
52. Søreide K, Immervoll H, Molven A. Precursors to pancreatic cancer. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2006; 126: 905-08.
53. Sato N, Fukushima N, Hruban RH, Goggins M. CpG island methylation profile of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2008; 21: 238-44.
54. Feldmann G, Beaty R, Hruban RH, Maitra A. Molecular genetics of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14: 224-32.
55. Takaori K, Hruban RH, Maitra A, Tanigawa N. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Pancreas 2004; 28: 257-62.
56. Hruban RH, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, et al. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a new nomenclature and classification system for pancreatic duct lesions. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25: 579-86.
57. van Heek NT, Meeker AK, Kern SE, et al. Telomere shortening is nearly universal in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Pathol 2002; 161: 1541-7.
58. Wei H, Wang C, Chen L. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, survivin, and CD34 expressions in pancreatic cancer and their correlation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Pancreas 2006; 32: 159-63.
59. Sagol O, Yavuzsen T, Oztop I, et al. The effect of apoptotic activity, survivin, Ki-67, and P-glycoprotein expression on prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreas 2005; 30: 343-8.
60. Jinfeng M, Kimura W, Sakurai F, et al. Histopathological study of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas: special reference to the roles of Survivin and p53 in tumorigenesis of IPMT. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2002; 32: 73-81.
61. Satoh K, Kaneko K, Hirota M, et al. Expression of survivin is correlated with cancer cell apoptosis and is involved in the development of human pancreatic duct cell tumors. Cancer 2001; 92: 271-8.
62. Kami K, Doi R, Koizumi M, et al. Survivin expression is a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer patients. Surgery 2004; 136: 443-8.
63. Søreide K, Gudlaugsson E, Skaland I, et al. Metachronous cancer development in patients with sporadic colorectal adenomas-multivariate risk model with independent and combined value of hTERT and survivin. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008; 23: 389-400.
64. Altieri DC. Targeted therapy by disabling crossroad signaling networks: the survivin paradigm. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5: 478-82.
65. Mandayam S, Huang R, Tarnawski AS, Chiou SK. Roles of survivin isoforms in the chemopreventive actions of NSAIDS on colon cancer cells. Apoptosis 2007; 12: 1109-16.
66. Mesri M, Wall NR, Li J, et al. Cancer gene therapy using a survivin mutant adenovirus. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 981-90.
67. Liu WS, Yan HJ, Qin RY, et al. siRNA Directed against survivin enhances pancreatic cancer cell gemcitabine chemosensitivity. Dig Dis Sci 2008.
68. Zhu K, Qin H, Cha SC, et al. Survivin DNA vaccine generated specific antitumor effects in pancreatic carcinoma and lymphoma mouse models. Vaccine 2007; 25: 7955-61.
69. Retzer-Lidl M, Schmid RM, Schneider G. Inhibition of CDK4 impairs proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and sensitizes towards TRAIL-induced apoptosis via downregulation of survivin. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 66-75.
70. Andersen MH, Svane IM, Becker JC, Straten PT. The universal character of the tumor-associated antigen survivin. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13: 5991-4.
71. Altieri DC. Survivin, cancer networks and pathway-directed drug discovery. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8: 61-70.
72. He H, Xia HH, Wang JD, et al. Inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in colon carcinoma. Cancer 2006; 106: 1243-9.
73. Rahman R, Latonen L, Wiman KG. hTERT antagonizes p53-induced apoptosis independently of telomerase activity. Oncogene 2005; 24: 1320-7.
74. Idenoue S, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, et al. A potent immunogenic general cancer vaccine that targets survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 1474-82.
75. Wenandy L, Sorensen RB, Sengelov L, et al. The immunogenicity of the hTERT540-548 peptide in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 4-7.
76. Lledo SM, Garcia-Granero E, Dasi F, et al. Real time quantification in plasma of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in patients with colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2004; 6: 236-42.
77. Hoffmann AC, Warnecke-Eberz U, Luebke T, et al. Survivin mRNA in peripheral blood is frequently detected and significantly decreased following resection of gastrointestinal cancers. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95: 51-4.