Modulation of transcription parameters in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated repression

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 295, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 59-69

  Sun, Yunguang ^a   Tao, Yong guang ^a   Kagan, Benjamin L ^a   He, Yuangzheng ^a   Simons Jr, S Stoney ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

Coactivator and corepressor; Deacylcortivazol; Dose response curve; Gene repression; Glucocorticoid receptor; STAMP and Ubc9

Indexed keywords

COLLAGENASE 3; DEACYLCORTIVAZOL; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR 2; PROTEIN UBC9; SILENCING MEDIATOR OF RETINOID AND THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR; STAMP PROTEIN; STEROID RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRICHOSTATIN A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEACETYLATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE INDUCTION; GENE REPRESSION; HORMONE RECEPTOR INTERACTION; HORMONE STRUCTURE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CARRIER PROTEINS; CELL LINE, TUMOR; DEXAMETHASONE; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOWN-REGULATION; ENZYME INHIBITORS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; HUMANS; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 13; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR 2; PREGNATRIENES; RATS; RECEPTORS, GLUCOCORTICOID; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRANSFECTION; UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES;

EID: 48949094973     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.05.008     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alland L., Muchle R., Hou Jr. H., Potes J., Chin L., Schreiber-Agus N., and DePinho R.A. Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression. Nature 387 (1997) 49-55
2. Astrand C., Klenka T., Wrange O., and Belikov S. Trichostatin A reduces hormone-induced transcription of the MMTV promoter and has pleiotropic effects on its chromatin structure. Eur. J. Biochem. 271 (2004) 1153-1162
3. Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 56 (1989) 335-344
4. Bledsoe R.K., Montana V.G., Stanley T.B., Delves C.J., Apolito C.J., McKee D.D., Consler T.G., Parks D.J., Stewart E.L., Willson T.M., Lambert M.H., Moore J.T., Pearce K.H., and Xu H.E. Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell 110 (2002) 93-105
5. Burke L.J., and Baniahmad A. Co-repressors 2000. FASEB J. 14 (2000) 1876-1888
6. Chen S., Sarlis N.J., and Simons Jr. S.S. Evidence for a common step in three different processes for modulating the kinetic properties of glucocorticoid receptor-induced gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 30106-30117
7. Chen J., Kinyamu H.K., and Archer T.K. Changes in attitude, changes in latitude: nuclear receptors remodeling chromatin to regulate transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 1-13
8. Chen W., Rogatsky I., and Garabedian M.J. MED14 and MED1 differentially regulate target-specific gene activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 560-572
9. Cho S., Kagan B.L., Blackford Jr. J.A., Szapary D., and Simons Jr. S.S. Glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain is sufficient for the modulation of both the dose-response curve of receptor-agonist complexes and the partial agonist activity of receptor-antisteroid complexes by glucocorticoid receptors, coactivator TIF2, and Ubc9. Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (2005) 290-311
10. deLange P.J.W.K., Huizenga N.A.T.M., Brinkmann A.O., deJong F.H., Karl M., Chrousos G.P., and Lamberts S.W.J. Differential hormone-dependent transcriptional activation and repression by naturally occurring human glucocorticoid receptor variants. Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (1997) 1156-1164
11. Diamond M.I., Miner J.N., Yoshinaga S.K., and Yamamoto K.R. Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 249 (1990) 1266-1272
12. Drouin J., Sun Y.L., Chamberland M., Gauthier Y., De Lean A., Nemer M., and Schmidt T. Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone-repressed POMC gene. EMBO J. 12 (1993) 145-156
13. Galon J., Franchimont D., Hiroi N., Frey G., Boettner A., Ehrhart-Bornstein M., O'Shea J.J., Chrousos G.P., and Bornstein S.R. Gene profiling reveals unknown enhancing and suppressive actions of glucocorticoids on immune cells. FASEB J. 16 (2002) 61-71
14. Grenier J., Trousson A., Chauchereau A., Cartaud J., Schumacher M., and Massaad C. Differential recruitment of p160 coactivators by glucocorticoid receptor between Schwann cells and astrocytes. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 254-267
15. Haas D.M., McCullough W., Olsen C.H., Shiau D.T., Richard J., Fry E.A., and McNamara M.F. Neonatal outcomes with different betamethasone dosing regimens: a comparison. J. Reprod. Med. 50 (2005) 915-922
16. He Y., and Simons Jr. S.S. STAMP: a novel predicted factor assisting TIF2 actions in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated induction and repression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 (2007) 1467-1485
17. He Y., Szapary D., and Simons Jr. S.S. Modulation of induction properties of glucocorticoid receptor-agonist and -antagonist complexes by coactivators involves binding to receptors but is independent of ability of coactivators to augment transactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 49256-49266
18. Hilser V.J., and Thompson E.B. Intrinsic disorder as a mechanism to optimize allosteric coupling in proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (2007) 8311-8315
19. Hu X., and Lazar M.A. The CoRNR motif controls the recruitment of corepressors by nuclear hormone receptors. Nature 402 (1999) 93-96
20. Jakacka M., Ito M., Weiss J., Chien P.Y., Gehm B.D., and Jameson J.L. Estrogen receptor binding to DNA is not required for its activity through the nonclassical AP1 pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 13615-13621
21. Jenster G., Spencer T.E., Burcin M.M., Tsai M.T., and O'Malley B.W. Steroid receptor induction of gene transcription: a two step model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 7879-7884
22. Kaul S., Blackford Jr. J.A., Cho S., and Simons Jr. S.S. Ubc9 is a novel modulator of the induction properties of glucocorticoid receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 12541-12549
23. Kaul S., Murphy P.J.M., Chen J., Brown L., Pratt W.B., and Simons Jr. S.S. Mutations at positions 547-553 of rat glucocorticoid receptors reveal that hsp90 binding requires the presence, but not defined composition, of a seven amino acid sequence at the amino terminus of the ligand binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 36223-36232
24. Kauppi B., Jakob C., Farnegardh M., Yang J., Ahola H., Alarcon M., Calles K., Engstrom O., Harlan J., Muchmore S., Ramqvist A.K., Thorell S., Ohman L., Greer J., Gustafsson J.A., Carlstedt-Duke J., and Carlquist M. The three-dimensional structures of antagonistic and agonistic forms of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain: RU-486 induces a transconformation that leads to active antagonism. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 22748-22754
25. Kim Y., Sun Y., Chow C., Pommier Y.G., and Simons Jr. S.S. Effects of acetylation, polymerase phosphorylation, and DNA unwinding in glucocorticoid receptor transactivation. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 100 (2006) 3-17
26. Kino T., Ichijo T., Amin N.D., Kesavapany S., Wang Y., Kim N., Rao S., Player A., Zheng Y.L., Garabedian M.J., Kawasaki E., Pant H.C., and Chrousos G.P. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 differentially regulates the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor through phosphorylation: clinical implications for the nervous system response to glucocorticoids and stress. Mol. Endocrinol. 21 (2007) 1552-1568
27. Koubovec D., Ronacher K., Stubsrud E., Louw A., and Hapgood J.P. Synthetic progestins used in HRT have different glucocorticoid agonist properties. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 242 (2005) 23-32
28. Lamontagne N., Mercier L., Pons M., Thompson E.B., and Simons Jr. S.S. Glucocorticoid vs. antiglucocorticoid activity: can a single functional group modification of glucocorticoid steroids always convey antiglucocorticoid activity?. Endocrinology 114 (1984) 2252-2263
29. Li G., Heaton J.H., and Gelehrter T.D. Role of steroid receptor coactivators in glucocorticoid and transforming growth factor {beta} regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 1025-1034
30. Liu W., Hillmann A., and Harmon J. Hormone-independent repression of AP-1-inducible collagenase promoter activity by glucocorticoid receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 1005-1013
31. Lu N.Z., and Cidlowski J.A. Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes. Mol. Cell 18 (2005) 331-342
32. McKenna N.J., and O'Malley B.W. Combinatorial control of gene expression by nuclear receptors and coregulators. Cell 108 (2002) 465-474
33. Mercier L., Thompson E.B., and Simons Jr. S.S. Dissociation of steroid binding to receptors and steroid induction of biological activity in a glucocorticoid responsive cell. Endocrinology 112 (1983) 601-609
34. Miller A.L., Webb M.S., and Thompson E.B. Comparison of two structurally diverse glucocorticoid receptor agonists: cortivazol selectively regulates a distinct set of genes separate from dexamethasone in CEM cells. Steroids 72 (2007) 673-681
35. Miner J.N., Ardecky B., Benbatoul K., Griffiths K., Larson C.J., Mais D.E., Marschke K., Rosen J., Vajda E., Zhi L., and Negro-Vilar A. Antiinflammatory glucocorticoid receptor ligand with reduced side effects exhibits an altered protein-protein interaction profile. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (2007) 19244-19249
36. Nagy L., Kao H.-Y., Love J.D., Li C., Banayo E., Gooch J.T., Krishna V., Chatterjee K., Evans R.M., and Schwabe J.W.R. Mechanism of corepressor binding and release from nuclear hormone receptors. Genes Dev. 13 (1999) 3209-3216
37. Needham M., Raines S., McPheat J., Stacey C., Ellston J., Hoare S., and Parker M. Differential interaction of steroid hormone receptors with LXXLL motifs in SRC-1a depends on residues flanking the motif. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 72 (2000) 35-46
38. Nissen R.M., and Yamamoto K.R. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes Dev. 14 (2000) 2314-2329
39. Nye A.C., Rajendran R.R., Stenoien D.L., Mancini M.A., Katzenellenbogen B.S., and Belmont A.S. Alteration of large-scale chromatin structure by estrogen receptor. Mol. Cell Biol. 22 (2002) 3437-3449
40. Pascual G., Fong A.L., Ogawa S., Gamliel A., Li A.C., Perissi V., Rose D.W., Willson T.M., Rosenfeld M.G., and Glass C.K. A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of inflammatory response genes by PPAR-gamma. Nature 437 (2005) 759-763
41. Perissi V., Staszewski L.M., McInerney E.M., Kurokawa R., Krones A., Rose D.W., Lambert M.H., Milburn M.V., Glass C.K., and Rosenfeld M.G. Molecular determinants of nuclear receptor-corepressor interaction. Genes Dev. 13 (1999) 3198-3208
42. Ray D.W., Suen C.-S., Brass A., Soden J., and White A. Structure/function of the human glucocorticoid receptor: tyrosine 735 is important for transactivation. Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (1999) 1855-1863
43. Reichardt H.M., Kaestner K.H., Tuckermann J., Kretz O., Wessely O., Bock R., Gass P., Schmid W., Herrlich P., Angel P., and Schutz G. DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival. Cell 93 (1998) 531-541
44. Reichardt H.M., Umland T., Bauer A., Kretz O., and Schutz G. Mice with an increased glucocorticoid receptor gene dosage show enhanced resistance to stress and endotoxic shock. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (2000) 9009-9017
45. Rogatsky I., Trowbridge J.M., and Garabedian M.J. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated cell cycle arrest is achieved through distinct cell-specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (1997) 3181-3193
46. Rogatsky I., Wasse C.L.M., and Garabedian M.J. Phosphorylation and inhibition of rat glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 14315-14321
47. Rogatsky I., Hittelman A.B., Pearce D., and Garabedian M.J. Distinct glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional regulatory surfaces mediate the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of glucocorticoids. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1999) 5036-5049
48. Rogatsky I., Zarember K.A., and Yamamoto K.R. Factor recruitment and TIF2/GRIP1 corepressor activity at a collagenase-3 response element that mediates regulation by phorbol esters and hormones. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 6071-6083
49. Rogatsky I., Luecke H.F., Leitman D.C., and Yamamoto K.R. Alternate surfaces of transcriptional coregulator GRIP1 function in different glucocorticoid receptor activation and repression contexts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (2002) 16701-16706
50. Rosenfeld M.G., Lunyak V.V., and Glass C.K. Sensors and signals: a coactivator/corepressor/epigenetic code for integrating signal-dependent programs of transcriptional response. Genes Dev. 20 (2006) 1405-1428
51. Rousseau G.G., and Schmit J.-P. Structure-activity relationships for glucocorticoids. Determination of receptor binding and biological activity. J. Steroid Biochem. 8 (1977) 911-919
52. Sarlis N.J., Bayly S.F., Szapary D., and Simons Jr. S.S. Quantity of partial agonist activity for antiglucocorticoids complexed with mutant glucocorticoid receptors is constant in two different transactivation assays but not predictable from steroid structure. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 68 (1999) 89-102
53. Schacke H., Schottelius A., Docke W.D., Strehlke P., Jaroch S., Schmees N., Rehwinkel H., Hennekes H., and Asadullah K. Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (2004) 227-232
54. Schacke H., Berger M., Rehwinkel H., and Asadullah K. Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs): novel ligands with an improved therapeutic index. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 275 (2007) 109-117
55. Shiau A.K., Barstad D., Radek J.T., Meyers M.J., Nettles K.W., Katzenellenbogen B.S., Katzenellenbogen J.A., Agard D.A., and Greene G.L. Structural characterization of a subtype-selective ligand reveals a novel mode of estrogen receptor antagonism. Nat. Struct. Biol. 9 (2002) 359-364
56. Shulman A.I., Larson C., Mangelsdorf D.J., and Ranganathan R. Structural determinants of allosteric ligand activation in RXR heterodimers. Cell 116 (2004) 417-429
57. Simons Jr. S.S. Selective covalent labeling of cysteines in bovine serum albumin and in HTC cell glucocorticoid receptors by dexamethasone 21-mesylate. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 9669-9675
58. Simons Jr. S.S. The importance of being varied in steroid receptor transactivation. TIPS 24 (2003) 253-259
59. Simons Jr. S.S. How much is enough? Modulation of dose-response curve for steroid receptor-regulated gene expression by changing concentrations of transcription factor. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 6 (2006) 271-285
60. Simons Jr., S.S., 2008. What goes on behind closed doors: physiological vs. pharmacological steroid hormone actions. BioEssays, in press.
61. Simons Jr. S.S., and Miller P.A. Affinity-labeling steroids as biologically active probes of antiglucocorticoid hormone action. J. Steroid Biochem. 24 (1986) 25-32
62. Simons Jr. S.S., Thompson E.B., and Johnson D.F. Anti-inflammatory pyrazolo-steroids: potent glucocorticoids containing bulky A-ring substituents and no C3-carbonyl. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86 (1979) 793-800
63. Simons Jr. S.S., Pumphrey J.G., Rudikoff S., and Eisen H.J. Identification of cysteine-656 as the amino acid of HTC cell glucocorticoid receptors that is covalently labeled by dexamethasone 21-mesylate. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 9676-9680
64. Smit P., Russcher H., de Jong F.H., Brinkmann A.O., Lamberts S.W., and Koper J.W. Differential regulation of synthetic glucocorticoids on gene expression levels of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper and interleukin-2. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2005) 2994-3000
65. Song L.-N., Huse B., Rusconi S., and Simons Jr. S.S. Transactivation specificity of glucocorticoid vs. progesterone receptors: role of functionally different interactions of transcription factors with amino- and carboxyl-terminal receptor domains. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 24806-24816
66. Spencer T.E., Jenster G., Burcin M.M., Allis C.D., Zhou J., Mizzen C., McKenna N.J., Onate S.A., Tsai S.Y., Tsai M.-J., and O'Malley B.W. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 389 (1997) 194-198
67. Stahn C., Lowenberg M., Hommes D.W., and Buttgereit F. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 275 (2007) 71-78
68. Suino-Powell K., Xu Y., Zhang C., Tao Y.G., Tolbert W.D., Simons S.S.J., and Xu H.E. Doubling the size of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding pocket by deacylcortivazol. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28 (2008) 1915-1923
69. Szapary D., Xu M., and Simons Jr. S.S. Induction properties of a transiently transfected glucocorticoid-responsive gene vary with glucocorticoid receptor concentration. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 30576-30582
70. Szapary D., Huang Y., and Simons Jr. S.S. Opposing effects of corepressor and coactivators in determining the dose-response curve of agonists, and residual agonist activity of antagonists, for glucocorticoid receptor regulated gene expression. Mol. Endocrinol. 13 (1999) 2108-2121
71. Szapary D., Song L.-N., He Y., and Simons Jr. S.S. Differential modulation of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor transactivation. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 283 (2008) 114-126
72. Tao, Y-G., Xu, Y., Xu, H.E., Simons Jr., S.S., 2008. Mutations of glucocorticoid receptor differentially affect AF2 domain activity in a steroid-selective manner to alter the potency and efficacy of gene induction and repression. Biochemistry, in press.
73. Trousson A., Grenier J., Fonte C., Massaad-Massade L., Schumacher M., and Massaad C. Recruitment of the p160 coactivators by the glucocorticoid receptor: dependence on the promoter context and cell type but not hypoxic conditions. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 104 (2007) 131-305
74. Tsaprouni L.G., Ito K., Adcock I.M., and Punchard N. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide- and tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression by glucocorticoids involves changes in IL-8 promoter acetylation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 150 (2007) 151-157
75. van der Laan S., Lachize S.B., Vreugdenhil E., de Kloet E.R., and Meijer O.C. Nuclear receptor coregulators differentially modulate induction and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated repression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone gene. Endocrinology 149 (2008) 725-732
76. van Tilborg M.A.A., Lefstin J.A., Kruiskamp M., Teuben J., Boelens R., Yamamoto K.R., and Kaptein R. Mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain mimic an allosteric effect of DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 301 (2000) 947-958
77. Vottero A., Kino T., Combe H., Lecomte P., and Chrousos G.P. A novel C-terminal dominant negative mutation of the GR causes familial glucocorticoid resistance through abnormal interactions with p160 steroid receptor coactivators. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (2002) 2658-2667
78. Wang D., and Simons Jr. S.S. Corepressor binding to progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors involves the AF-1 domain and is inhibited by molybdate. Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (2005) 1483-1500
79. Wang Q., Blackford Jr. J.A., Song L.-N., Huang Y., and Simons Jr. S.S. Equilibrium interactions of corepressors and coactivators modulate the properties of agonist and antagonist complexes of glucocorticoid receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 18 (2004) 1376-1395
80. Wang J.C., Shah N., Pantoja C., Meijsing S.H., Ho J.D., Scanlan T.S., and Yamamoto K.R. Novel arylpyrazole compounds selectively modulate glucocorticoid receptor regulatory activity. Genes Dev. 20 (2006) 689-699
81. Wang D., Wang Q., Awasthi S., and Simons Jr. S.S. Amino-terminal domain of TIF2 is involved in competing for corepressor binding to glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors. Biochemistry 48 (2007) 8036-8049
82. Webster J.C., and Cidlowski J.A. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated repression of gene expression. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 10 (1999) 396-402
83. Wei P., Ahn Y.I., Housley P.R., Alam J., and Vedeckis W.V. Modulation of hormone-dependent glucocorticoid receptor function using a teracycline-regulated expression system. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 64 (1998) 1-12
84. Yokota K., Shibata H., Kurihara I., Kobayashi S., Suda N., Murai-Takeda A., Saito I., Kitagawa H., Kato S., Saruta T., and Itoh H. Coactivation of the N-terminal transactivation of mineralocorticoid receptor by Ubc9. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 1998-2010
85. Zhao Q., Pang J., Favata M.F., and Trzaskos J.M. Receptor density dictates the behavior of a subset of steroid ligands in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transrepression. Int. Immunopharmacol. 3 (2003) 1803-1817
86. Zou J.X., Revenko A.S., Li L.B., Gemo A.T., and Chen H.W. ANCCA, an estrogen-regulated AAA + ATPase coactivator for ERalpha, is required for coregulator occupancy and chromatin modification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (2007) 18067-18072
87. Zwart W., Griekspoor A., Berno V., Lakeman K., Jalink K., Mancini M., Neefjes J., and Michalides R. PKA-induced resistance to tamoxifen is associated with an altered orientation of ERalpha towards co-activator SRC-1. EMBO J. 26 (2007) 3534-3544