Epigenetic biomarkers for human cancer: The time is now

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

Volumn 68, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-11

  Mulero Navarro, Sonia ^a   Esteller, Manel ^b  

^a CATALAN INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (Spain)

^b Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas   (Spain)

Author keywords

Demethylating agents; DNA methylation; Epigenetic biomarkers; Histone deacetylase inhibitors; Histone modifications; Human cancer

Indexed keywords

4 N ACETYLDINALINE; 5 AZA 2' DEOXYCYTIDINE; 5,6 DIHYDROAZACITIDINE; AMPHETAMINIL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; APC PROTEIN; AZACITIDINE; CADHERIN; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; EGX30P; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FAZARABINE; FLUCYTOSINE DEOXYRIBOSIDE; GROWTH HORMONE; HISTONE; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE; HORMONE RECEPTOR; HYDRALAZINE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MG 98; MGCD 103; MICRORNA; N (2 AMINOPHENYL) 4 (3 PYRIDINYLMETHOXYCARBONYLAMINOMETHYL)BENZAMIDE; NVP LAQ 589; PANOBINOSTAT; PDX 101; PIVALOYLOXYMETHYL BUTYRATE; POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEIN; PROCAINE; PSAMMAPLIN A; RG 108; ROMIDEPSIN; STEROID HORMONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VALPROIC ACID; VORINOSTAT; ZEBULARINE;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; APOPTOSIS; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOMA; CANCER CELL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RISK; CELL ADHESION; CELL CYCLE; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; DNA HYPOMETHYLATION; DNA METHYLATION; DNA REPAIR; EPIGENETICS; FAMILIAL CANCER; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FRAMESHIFT MUTATION; GENETIC MARKER; GENOME; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HEAD AND NECK CARCINOMA; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HODGKIN DISEASE; HORMONE RESPONSE; HUMAN; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LEUKEMIA; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPHOMA; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; METASTASIS; MOUTH CARCINOMA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; NEOPLASM; OVARY CANCER; OVARY CARCINOMA; PANCREAS CANCER; PHENOTYPE; PROGNOSIS; PROMOTER REGION; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN PROCESSING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RNA INTERFERENCE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN LYMPHOMA; SOLID TUMOR; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENE THERAPY; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PHENOTYPE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 48449090298     PISSN: 10408428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Fraga M.F., and Esteller M. DNA methylation: a profile of methods and applications. Biotechniques 33 (2002) p. 632, 634, 636-49
2. Bird A.P. CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature 321 (1986) 209-213
3. Walsh C.P., Chaillet J.R., and Bestor T.H. Transcription of IAP endogenous retroviruses is constrained by cytosine methylation. Nat Genet 20 (1998) 116-117
4. Gaudet F., Hodgson J.G., Eden A., et al. Induction of tumors in mice by genomic hypomethylation. Science 300 (2003) 489-492
5. Esteller M., and Almouzni G. How epigenetics integrates nuclear functions. Workshop on epigenetics and chromatin: transcriptional regulation and beyond. EMBO Rep 6 (2005) 624-628
6. Reik W., and Lewis A. Co-evolution of X-chromosome inactivation and imprinting in mammals. Nat Rev Genet 6 (2005) 403-410
7. Loriot A., Boon T., and De Smet C. Five new human cancer-germline genes identified among 12 genes expressed in spermatogonia. Int J Cancer 105 (2003) 371-376
8. Turner B.M. Cellular memory and the histone code. Cell 111 (2002) 285-291
9. Chang S., and Aune T.M. Dynamic changes in histone-methylation 'marks' across the locus encoding interferon-gamma during the differentiation of T helper type 2 cells. Nat Immunol 8 (2007) 723-731
10. Li E. Chromatin modification and epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Nat Rev Genet 3 (2002) 662-673
11. Fraga M.F., Ballestar E., Villar-Garea A., et al. Loss of acetylation at Lys16 and trimethylation at Lys20 of histone H4 is a common hallmark of human cancer. Nat Genet 37 (2005) 391-400
12. Harikrishnan K.N., Chow M.Z., Baker E.K., et al. Brahma links the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex with MeCP2-dependent transcriptional silencing. Nat Genet 37 (2005) 254-264
13. Weber M., Davies J.J., Wittig D., et al. Chromosome-wide and promoter-specific analyses identify sites of differential DNA methylation in normal and transformed human cells. Nat Genet 37 (2005) 853-862
14. Costello J.F., Fruhwald M.C., Smiraglia D.J., et al. Aberrant CpG-island methylation has non-random and tumour-type-specific patterns. Nat Genet 24 (2000) 132-138
15. Esteller M., Corn P.G., Baylin S.B., and Herman J.G. A gene hypermethylation profile of human cancer. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 3225-3229
16. Sjoblom T., Jones S., Wood L.D., et al. The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 314 (2006) 268-274
17. Esteller M. Cancer epigenomics: DNA methylomes and histone-modification maps. Nat Rev Genet 8 (2007) 286-298
18. Esteller M., Fraga M.F., Guo M., et al. DNA methylation patterns in hereditary human cancers mimic sporadic tumorigenesis. Hum Mol Genet 10 (2001) 3001-3007
19. Yoder J.A., Walsh C.P., and Bestor T.H. Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites. Trends Genet 13 (1997) 335-340
20. Widschwendter M., Jiang G., Woods C., et al. DNA hypomethylation and ovarian cancer biology. Cancer Res 64 (2004) 4472-4480
21. Deng G., Nguyen A., Tanaka H., et al. Regional hypermethylation and global hypomethylation are associated with altered chromatin conformation and histone acetylation in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 118 (2006) 2999-3005
22. Cameron E.E., Bachman K.E., Myohanen S., Herman J.G., and Baylin S.B. Synergy of demethylation and histone deacetylase inhibition in the re-expression of genes silenced in cancer. Nat Genet 21 (1999) 103-107
23. Espada J., Ballestar E., Fraga M.F., et al. Human DNA methyltransferase 1 is required for maintenance of the histone H3 modification pattern. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 37175-37184
24. Okano M., Bell D.W., Haber D.A., and Li E. DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development. Cell 99 (1999) 247-257
25. Chen Z.X., Mann J.R., Hsieh C.L., Riggs A.D., and Chedin F. Physical and functional interactions between the human DNMT3L protein and members of the de novo methyltransferase family. J Cell Biochem 95 (2005) 902-917
26. Dong A., Yoder J.A., Zhang X., Zhou L., Bestor T.H., and Cheng X. Structure of human DNMT2, an enigmatic DNA methyltransferase homolog that displays denaturant-resistant binding to DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 29 (2001) 439-448
27. Klose R.J., and Bird A.P. Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators. Trends Biochem Sci 31 (2006) 89-97
28. Lopez-Serra L., Ballestar E., Fraga M.F., Alaminos M., Setien F., and Esteller M. A profile of methyl-CpG binding domain protein occupancy of hypermethylated promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 8342-8346
29. Ropero S., Fraga M.F., Ballestar E., et al. A truncating mutation of HDAC2 in human cancers confers resistance to histone deacetylase inhibition. Nat Genet 38 (2006) 566-569
30. Cheung P., and Lau P. Epigenetic regulation by histone methylation and histone variants. Mol Endocrinol 19 (2005) 563-573
31. Sparmann A., and van Lohuizen M. Polycomb silencers control cell fate, development and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6 (2006) 846-856
32. Lund A.H., and van Lohuizen M. Polycomb complexes and silencing mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol 16 (2004) 239-246
33. Valk-Lingbeek M.E., Bruggeman S.W., and van Lohuizen M. Stem cells and cancer; the polycomb connection. Cell 118 (2004) 409-418
34. Chuang J.C., and Jones P.A. Epigenetics and microRNAs. Pediatr Res 61 (2007) 24R-29R
35. Lujambio A., Ropero S., Ballestar E., et al. Genetic unmasking of an epigenetically silenced microRNA in human cancer cells. Cancer Res 67 (2007) 1424-1429
36. Lu J., Getz G., Miska E.A., et al. MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers. Nature 435 (2005) 834-838
37. Merlo A., Herman J.G., Mao L., et al. 5′ CpG island methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of the tumour suppressor p16/CDKN2/MTS1 in human cancers. Nat Med 1 (1995) 686-692
38. Herman J.G., Jen J., Merlo A., and Baylin S.B. Hypermethylation-associated inactivation indicates a tumor suppressor role for p15INK4B. Cancer Res 56 (1996) 722-727
39. Shin J.Y., Kim H.S., Park J., Park J.B., and Lee J.Y. Mechanism for inactivation of the KIP family cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 60 (2000) 262-265
40. Esteller M., Cordon-Cardo C., Corn P.G., et al. p14ARF silencing by promoter hypermethylation mediates abnormal intracellular localization of MDM2. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 2816-2821
41. Robertson K.D., and Jones P.A. The human ARF cell cycle regulatory gene promoter is a CpG island which can be silenced by DNA methylation and down-regulated by wild-type p53. Mol Cell Biol 18 (1998) 6457-6473
42. Greger V., Passarge E., Hopping W., Messmer E., and Horsthemke B. Epigenetic changes may contribute to the formation and spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. Hum Genet 83 (1989) 155-158
43. Esteller M. Epigenetic lesions causing genetic lesions in human cancer: promoter hypermethylation of DNA repair genes. Eur J Cancer 36 (2000) 2294-2300
44. Esteller M., Hamilton S.R., Burger P.C., Baylin S.B., and Herman J.G. Inactivation of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase by promoter hypermethylation is a common event in primary human neoplasia. Cancer Res 59 (1999) 793-797
45. Esteller M., Corn P.G., Urena J.M., Gabrielson E., Baylin S.B., and Herman J.G. Inactivation of glutathione-S-transferase P1 gene by promoter hypermethylation in human neoplasia. Cancer Res 58 (1998) 4515-4518
46. Agrelo R., Cheng W.H., Setien F., et al. Epigenetic inactivation of the premature aging Werner syndrome gene in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 8822-8827
47. Esteller M., Silva J.M., Dominguez G., et al. Promoter hypermethylation and BRCA1 inactivation in sporadic breast and ovarian tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 92 (2000) 564-569
48. Kissil J.L., Feinstein E., Cohen O., et al. DAP-kinase loss of expression in various carcinoma and B-cell lymphoma cell lines: possible implications for role as tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene 15 (1997) 403-407
49. Bae S.I., Cheriyath V., Jacobs B.S., Reu F.J., and Borden E.C. Reversal of methylation silencing of Apo2L/TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) expression overcomes resistance of SK-MEL-3 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells to interferons (IFNs) or Apo2L/TRAIL. Oncogene (2007)
50. Reu F.J., Bae S.I., Cherkassky L., et al. Overcoming resistance to interferon-induced apoptosis of renal carcinoma and melanoma cells by DNA demethylation. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 3771-3779
51. Reu F.J., Leaman D.W., Maitra R.R., et al. Expression of RASSF1A, an epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor, overcomes resistance to apoptosis induction by interferons. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 2785-2793
52. Conway K.E., McConnell B.B., Bowring C.E., Donald C.D., Warren S.T., and Vertino P.M. TMS1, a novel proapoptotic caspase recruitment domain protein, is a target of methylation-induced gene silencing in human breast cancers. Cancer Res 60 (2000) 6236-6242
53. Ferguson A.T., Lapidus R.G., Baylin S.B., and Davidson N.E. Demethylation of the estrogen receptor gene in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells can reactivate estrogen receptor gene expression. Cancer Res 55 (1995) 2279-2283
54. Xiong Y., Dowdy S.C., Gonzalez Bosquet J., et al. Epigenetic-mediated upregulation of progesterone receptor B gene in endometrial cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 99 (2005) 135-141
55. Kinoshita H., Shi Y., Sandefur C., et al. Methylation of the androgen receptor minimal promoter silences transcription in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 60 (2000) 3623-3630
56. Sirchia S.M., Ren M., Pili R., et al. Endogenous reactivation of the RARbeta2 tumor suppressor gene epigenetically silenced in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62 (2002) 2455-2461
57. Ammanamanchi S., and Brattain M.G. Restoration of transforming growth factor-beta signaling through receptor RI induction by histone deacetylase activity inhibition in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 32620-32625
58. Ibanez de Caceres I., Dulaimi E., Hoffman A.M., Al-Saleem T., Uzzo R.G., and Cairns P. Identification of novel target genes by an epigenetic reactivation screen of renal cancer. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 5021-5028
59. Galm O., Yoshikawa H., Esteller M., Osieka R., and Herman J.G. SOCS-1, a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, is frequently silenced by methylation in multiple myeloma. Blood 101 (2003) 2784-2788
60. Zhang Q., Raghunath P.N., Vonderheid E., Odum N., and Wasik M.A. Lack of phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 expression in malignant T-cell lymphoma cells results from methylation of the SHP-1 promoter. Am J Pathol 157 (2000) 1137-1146
61. Muller H.M., Fiegl H., Widschwendter A., and Widschwendter M. Prognostic DNA methylation marker in serum of cancer patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 1022 (2004) 44-49
62. Chicoine E., Esteve P.O., Robledo O., Van Themsche C., Potworowski E.F., and St-Pierre Y. Evidence for the role of promoter methylation in the regulation of MMP-9 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 297 (2002) 765-772
63. Ivanova T., Vinokurova S., Petrenko A., et al. Frequent hypermethylation of 5′ flanking region of TIMP-2 gene in cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 108 (2004) 882-886
64. Rich S., Ganz R., and Levy P.S. Comparative actions of hydralazine, nifedipine and amrinone in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 52 (1983) 1104-1107
65. Windle J., Prystowsky E.N., Miles W.M., and Heger J.J. Pharmacokinetic and electrophysiologic interactions of amiodarone and procainamide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41 (1987) 603-610
66. Strolin Benedetti M., Rumigny J.F., and Dostert P. Mechanisms of action and biochemical toxicology of valproic acid. Encephale 10 (1984) 177-188
67. Kaminskas E., Farrell A., Abraham S., et al. Approval summary: azacitidine for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 11 (2005) 3604-3608
68. Issa J.P., Gharibyan V., Cortes J., et al. Phase II study of low-dose decitabine in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to imatinib mesylate. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 3948-3956
69. Cheng J.C., Matsen C.B., Gonzales F.A., et al. Inhibition of DNA methylation and reactivation of silenced genes by zebularine. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 (2003) 399-409
70. Beumer J.H., Parise R.A., Newman E.M., et al. Concentrations of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (FdCyd) and its cytotoxic metabolites in plasma of patients treated with FdCyd and tetrahydrouridine (THU). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol (2007)
71. Stresemann C., Brueckner B., Musch T., Stopper H., and Lyko F. Functional diversity of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 2794-2800
72. Winquist E., Knox J., Ayoub J.P., et al. Phase II trial of DNA methyltransferase 1 inhibition with the antisense oligonucleotide MG98 in patients with metastatic renal carcinoma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group investigational new drug study. Invest New Drugs 24 (2006) 159-167
73. Zambrano P., Segura-Pacheco B., Perez-Cardenas E., et al. A phase I study of hydralazine to demethylate and reactivate the expression of tumor suppressor genes. BMC Cancer 5 (2005) 44
74. Garcia-Manero G., and Issa J.P. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a review of their clinical status as antineoplastic agents. Cancer Invest 23 (2005) 635-642
75. Garcia-Manero G., Kantarjian H.M., Sanchez-Gonzalez B., et al. Phase 1/2 study of the combination of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine with valproic acid in patients with leukemia. Blood 108 (2006) 3271-3279
76. Reid T., Valone F., Lipera W., et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (Pivanex, AN-9) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 45 (2004) 381-386
77. Hobdy E., and Murren J. AN-9 (Titan). Curr Opin Invest Drugs 5 (2004) 628-634
78. Chavez-Blanco A., Segura-Pacheco B., Perez-Cardenas E., et al. Histone acetylation and histone deacetylase activity of magnesium valproate in tumor and peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer. A phase I study. Mol Cancer 4 (2005) 22
79. Raffoux E., Chaibi P., Dombret H., and Degos L. Valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 90 (2005) 986-988
80. Glaser K.B. HDAC inhibitors: clinical update and mechanism-based potential. Biochem Pharmacol 74 (2007) 659-671
81. Palmisano W.A., Divine K.K., Saccomanno G., et al. Predicting lung cancer by detecting aberrant promoter methylation in sputum. Cancer Res 60 (2000) 5954-5958
82. Jeronimo C., Usadel H., Henrique R., et al. Quantitation of GSTP1 methylation in non-neoplastic prostatic tissue and organ-confined prostate adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 93 (2001) 1747-1752
83. Esteller M., Gonzalez S., Risques R.A., et al. K-ras and p16 aberrations confer poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 299-304
84. Veeck J., Niederacher D., An H., et al. Aberrant methylation of the Wnt antagonist SFRP1 in breast cancer is associated with unfavourable prognosis. Oncogene 25 (2006) 3479-3488
85. Colvin M., and Hilton J. Pharmacology of cyclophosphamide and metabolites. Cancer Treat Rep 65 Suppl. 3 (1981) 89-95
86. Esteller M., Garcia-Foncillas J., Andion E., et al. Inactivation of the DNA-repair gene MGMT and the clinical response of gliomas to alkylating agents. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 1350-1354
87. Plumb J.A., Strathdee G., Sludden J., Kaye S.B., and Brown R. Reversal of drug resistance in human tumor xenografts by 2′-deoxy-5-azacytidine-induced demethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter. Cancer Res 60 (2000) 6039-6044
88. Jacinto F.V., and Esteller M. Mutator pathways unleashed by epigenetic silencing in human cancer. Mutagenesis 22 (2007) 247-253
89. Curt G.A., Kelley J.A., Fine R.L., et al. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of dihydro-5-azacytidine (NSC 264880). Cancer Res 45 (1985) 3359-3363
90. Wilhelm M., O'Brien S., Rios M.B., et al. Phase I study of arabinosyl-5-azacytidine (fazarabine) in adult acute leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic phase. Leuk Lymphoma 34 (1999) 511-518
91. Manetta A., Blessing J.A., Mann W.J., and Smith D.M. A phase II study of fazarabine (NSC 281272) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Am J Clin Oncol 18 (1995) 439-440
92. Villar-Garea A., Fraga M.F., Espada J., and Esteller M. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res 63 (2003) 4984-4989
93. Segura-Pacheco B., Trejo-Becerril C., Perez-Cardenas E., et al. Reactivation of tumor suppressor genes by the cardiovascular drugs hydralazine and procainamide and their potential use in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 9 (2003) 1596-1603
94. Pina I.C., Gautschi J.T., Wang G.Y., et al. Psammaplins from the sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea: inhibition of both histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase. J Org Chem 68 (2003) 3866-3873
95. Candido E.P., Reeves R., and Davie J.R. Sodium butyrate inhibits histone deacetylation in cultured cells. Cell 14 (1978) 105-113
96. Entin-Meer M., Rephaeli A., Yang X., Nudelman A., VandenBerg S.R., and Haas-Kogan D.A. Butyric acid prodrugs are histone deacetylase inhibitors that show antineoplastic activity and radiosensitizing capacity in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 4 (2005) 1952-1961
97. Takai N., Ueda T., Nishida M., et al. CBHA is a family of hybrid polar compounds that inhibit histone deacetylase, and induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells. Oncology 70 (2006) 97-105
98. Jiang S., Dowdy S.C., Meng X.W., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in both type I and type II endometrial cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 105 (2007) 493-500
99. Einsiedel H.G., Kawan L., Eckert C., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have antitumor activity in two NOD/SCID mouse models of B-cell precursor childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 20 (2006) 1435-1436
100. Greenblatt D.Y., Cayo M., Ning L., et al. Suberoyl bishydroxamic acid inhibits cellular proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in carcinoid cancer cells. J Gastrointest Surg 11 (2007) 1515-1520 [discussion 1520]
101. Takai N., Ueda T., Nishida M., Nasu K., and Narahara H. A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, scriptaid, induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 17 (2006) 323-329
102. Garcia-Manero G., Yang H., Bueso-Ramos C., et al. Phase I study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) in patients with advanced leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood (2007)
103. Blumenschein Jr. G.R., Kies M.S., Papadimitrakopoulou V.A., et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (Zolinza™, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer. Invest New Drugs (2007)
104. Duvic M., Talpur R., Ni X., et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood 109 (2007) 31-39
105. Touma S.E., Goldberg J.S., Moench P., et al. Retinoic acid and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A inhibit the proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma in a xenograft tumor model. Clin Cancer Res 11 (2005) 3558-3566
106. Giles F., Fischer T., Cortes J., et al. A phase I study of intravenous LBH589, a novel cinnamic hydroxamic acid analogue histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 12 (2006) 4628-4635
107. Weisberg E., Catley L., Kujawa J., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor NVP-LAQ824 has significant activity against myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Leukemia 18 (2004) 1951-1963
108. Komatsu Y., Tomizaki K.Y., Tsukamoto M., et al. Cyclic hydroxamic acid-containing peptide 31, a potent synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor with antitumor activity. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 4459-4466
109. Kwon H.J., Owa T., Hassig C.A., Shimada J., and Schreiber S.L. Depudecin induces morphological reversion of transformed fibroblasts via the inhibition of histone deacetylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 (1998) 3356-3361
110. Ueda T., Takai N., Nishida M., Nasu K., and Narahara H. Apicidin, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, has profound anti-growth activity in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 19 (2007) 301-308
111. Wang S., Yan-Neale Y., Fischer D., et al. Histone deacetylase 1 represses the small GTPase RhoB expression in human non-small lung carcinoma cell line. Oncogene 22 (2003) 6204-6213