메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 127-134

Photoprotective Carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin: Their role in AMD

Author keywords

Cardiovascular; Leutin; Lipid peroxidation; Lipophilic; Low density lipoproteins; Macula; Zeaxanthin

Indexed keywords

ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ALPHA CAROTENE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASTAXANTHIN; BETA CAROTENE; BETA CRYPTOXANTHIN; CANTHAXANTHIN; CAROTENOID; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; LIPID; LYCOPENE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PYRIMETHAMINE; QUERCETIN; QUERCETIN DERIVATIVE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SULFORAPHANE; VISUAL PIGMENT; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN; ZINC;

EID: 47749105378     PISSN: 15734013     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157340108784245948     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 0043110319 scopus 로고
    • Das oleum Rad. Danci aethereum, Das Carotin, der Karottenzucher und den officinellum succus Danci
    • Wackenroder HWF. Ber Das oleum Rad. Danci aethereum, Das Carotin, der Karottenzucher und den officinellum succus Danci. Mag Pharm 1831; 33: 144.
    • (1831) Mag Pharm , vol.33 , pp. 144
    • Ber, W.H.W.F.1
  • 2
    • 0042108440 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die gelbe Farbe der Blaetter im Herbste
    • Berzelius J. Ueber die gelbe Farbe der Blaetter im Herbste. Ann der Pharm 1837; 21: 257-262.
    • (1837) Ann der Pharm , vol.21 , pp. 257-262
    • Berzelius, J.1
  • 3
    • 84980059535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berzelius J. Einige Untersuchungen ueber die Farbe, welche das Laub verschiedener Baumgattungen im Herbste vor dem Abfallen annimmt. (Poggendorf's) Annalen der Physik und Chemie (Liebig) 1837; 42: 422-433.
    • Berzelius J. Einige Untersuchungen ueber die Farbe, welche das Laub verschiedener Baumgattungen im Herbste vor dem Abfallen annimmt. (Poggendorf's) Annalen der Physik und Chemie (Liebig) 1837; 42: 422-433.
  • 4
    • 0342506924 scopus 로고
    • Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication No. 490:, Stanford, CA
    • Strain HH. Leaf Xanthophylls. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication No. 490: 1938, Stanford, CA.
    • (1938) Leaf Xanthophylls
    • Strain, H.H.1
  • 5
    • 4544334957 scopus 로고
    • Xanthophylls and carotenes of diatoms, brown algae, dinoflagellates and sea anemones
    • Strain HH, Manning WM, Hardin G. Xanthophylls and carotenes of diatoms, brown algae, dinoflagellates and sea anemones. Biol Bull 1944; 86: 169-191.
    • (1944) Biol Bull , vol.86 , pp. 169-191
    • Strain, H.H.1    Manning, W.M.2    Hardin, G.3
  • 6
    • 0036605890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lycopene, other serum carotenoids, and risk of prostate cancer in US Blacks and Whites Am
    • Vogt TM, Mayne ST, Graubard BI, et al. Serum lycopene, other serum carotenoids, and risk of prostate cancer in US Blacks and Whites Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155: 1023-1032.
    • (2002) J Epidemiol , vol.155 , pp. 1023-1032
    • Vogt, T.M.1    Mayne, S.T.2    Graubard, B.I.3
  • 7
    • 0002874854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carotenoids and their metabolites as potentially useful chemo-preventive agents against cancer
    • Hiramatsu M, Yoshikawa T, eds, Academic Press
    • Khachik F, Bertram JS, Huang M, Fahely JW, Talalay P. Dietary carotenoids and their metabolites as potentially useful chemo-preventive agents against cancer. In: Hiramatsu M, Yoshikawa T, eds. Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health. Academic Press 1999; 203-209.
    • (1999) Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health , pp. 203-209
    • Khachik, F.1    Bertram, J.S.2    Huang, M.3    Fahely, J.W.4    Talalay, P.5
  • 8
    • 0038823724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of astaxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo
    • Ohgami K, Shiratori K, Kotake S, et al. Effects of astaxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 2694-2701.
    • (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 2694-2701
    • Ohgami, K.1    Shiratori, K.2    Kotake, S.3
  • 9
    • 0036932953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinach and tomato consumption increases lymphocyte DNA resistance to oxidative stress but this is not related to cell carotenoid concentrations
    • Porrini M, Riso P, Oriani G. Spinach and tomato consumption increases lymphocyte DNA resistance to oxidative stress but this is not related to cell carotenoid concentrations. Eur J Nutr 2002; 41: 95-100.
    • (2002) Eur J Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 95-100
    • Porrini, M.1    Riso, P.2    Oriani, G.3
  • 10
    • 0036011070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A and beta-carotene levels in plasma, corpus luteum and follicular fluid of cyclic and pregnant cattle
    • Haliloglu S, Baspinar N, Serpek B, Erdem H, Bulut Z. Vitamin A and beta-carotene levels in plasma, corpus luteum and follicular fluid of cyclic and pregnant cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2002; 37: 96-99.
    • (2002) Reprod Domest Anim , vol.37 , pp. 96-99
    • Haliloglu, S.1    Baspinar, N.2    Serpek, B.3    Erdem, H.4    Bulut, Z.5
  • 11
    • 0029856198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-carotene and the carotenoids: Beyond the intervention trials
    • Erdman JW Jr, Russell RM, Rock CL, et al. Beta-carotene and the carotenoids: Beyond the intervention trials. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 185-188.
    • (1996) Nutr Rev , vol.54 , pp. 185-188
    • Erdman Jr, J.W.1    Russell, R.M.2    Rock, C.L.3
  • 12
    • 0029794893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood antioxidants changes in young women following beta-carotene depletion and repletion
    • Omaye ST, Burri BJ, Swendseid ME, Henning SM. Blood antioxidants changes in young women following beta-carotene depletion and repletion. J Am Coll Nutr 1996; 15: 469-474.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 469-474
    • Omaye, S.T.1    Burri, B.J.2    Swendseid, M.E.3    Henning, S.M.4
  • 13
    • 0002743175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: Vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids
    • Rock CL, Jacob RA, Bowen PE. Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids. J Am Diet Assoc 1996; 96: 693-702.
    • (1996) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.96 , pp. 693-702
    • Rock, C.L.1    Jacob, R.A.2    Bowen, P.E.3
  • 14
    • 0028879014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carotenoids inhibit neoplastic transformation and modulate gene expression in mouse and human cells
    • Bertram JS, Bortkiewicz H. Dietary carotenoids inhibit neoplastic transformation and modulate gene expression in mouse and human cells. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 62S: 1327S-1336S.
    • (1996) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.62 S
    • Bertram, J.S.1    Bortkiewicz, H.2
  • 16
    • 0034950932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No significant effects of lutein, lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation on biological markets of oxidative stress and LDL oxidizability in healthy adult subjects
    • Hininger IA, Meyer-Wenger A, Moser U, et al. No significant effects of lutein, lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation on biological markets of oxidative stress and LDL oxidizability in healthy adult subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20: 232-238.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 232-238
    • Hininger, I.A.1    Meyer-Wenger, A.2    Moser, U.3
  • 17
    • 0033556440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Ford ES, Will JC, Bowman BA, Narayan KM. Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 168-176.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.149 , pp. 168-176
    • Ford, E.S.1    Will, J.C.2    Bowman, B.A.3    Narayan, K.M.4
  • 18
    • 0036277586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excentric Cleavage Products of ß-Carotene Inhibit Estrogen Receptor Positive and negative breast tumor cell growth in vitro and inhibit activator protein-1-mediated transcriptional activation
    • Tibaduiza EC, Fleet JC, Russell RM and Krinsky NI. Excentric Cleavage Products of ß-Carotene Inhibit Estrogen Receptor Positive and negative breast tumor cell growth in vitro and inhibit activator protein-1-mediated transcriptional activation. J Nutr 2002; 132: 1368-1375.
    • (2002) J Nutr , vol.132 , pp. 1368-1375
    • Tibaduiza, E.C.1    Fleet, J.C.2    Russell, R.M.3    Krinsky, N.I.4
  • 19
    • 47749122458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids and Oxidative Stress, in Oxidative stress and aging: Advances in basic science
    • R. G. Cutler and H. Rodriguez, Eds, World Scientific Publishing Co, New York
    • Krinsky NI. Carotenoids and Oxidative Stress, in Oxidative stress and aging: Advances in basic science. Diagnostics, and intervention (R. G. Cutler and H. Rodriguez, Eds.) World Scientific Publishing Co., New York 2002; 203-209.
    • (2002) Diagnostics, and intervention , pp. 203-209
    • Krinsky, N.I.1
  • 20
    • 0034822012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A
    • Krinsky N and Russell RM. Regarding the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A. Nutr Rev 2001; 59: 309.
    • (2001) Nutr Rev , vol.59 , pp. 309
    • Krinsky, N.1    Russell, R.M.2
  • 21
    • 0034773331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids as antioxidants
    • Krinsky NI. Carotenoids as antioxidants. Nutr 2001; 17: 815-817.
    • (2001) Nutr , vol.17 , pp. 815-817
    • Krinsky, N.I.1
  • 22
    • 0035004843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids
    • Prakash P, Russell RM, Krinsky NI. In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids. J Nutr 2001; 131: 1574-1580.
    • (2001) J Nutr , vol.131 , pp. 1574-1580
    • Prakash, P.1    Russell, R.M.2    Krinsky, N.I.3
  • 23
    • 0035500419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to measure the oxidizability of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma
    • Aldini G, Yeum KJ, Russell RM and Krinsky NI. A method to measure the oxidizability of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 1043-1050.
    • (2001) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.31 , pp. 1043-1050
    • Aldini, G.1    Yeum, K.J.2    Russell, R.M.3    Krinsky, N.I.4
  • 24
    • 0034521543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of physiological versus pharmacological beta-carotene supplementation on cell proliferation and histopathological changes in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets
    • Liu C, Wang XD, Bronson RT, Smith DE, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Effects of physiological versus pharmacological beta-carotene supplementation on cell proliferation and histopathological changes in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 2245-2253.
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 2245-2253
    • Liu, C.1    Wang, X.D.2    Bronson, R.T.3    Smith, D.E.4    Krinsky, N.I.5    Russell, R.M.6
  • 26
    • 0033933548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoids, carotenoids, and human breast cancer cell cultures: A review of differential effects
    • Prakash P, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Retinoids, carotenoids, and human breast cancer cell cultures: a review of differential effects. Nutr Rev 2000; 58: 170-176.
    • (2000) Nutr Rev , vol.58 , pp. 170-176
    • Prakash, P.1    Krinsky, N.I.2    Russell, R.M.3
  • 27
    • 0028997220 scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of HPLC method for the analysis of carotenoids in foods, and the measurement of the carotenoid content of vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in the UK
    • Hart DJ, Scott KJ. Development and evaluation of HPLC method for the analysis of carotenoids in foods, and the measurement of the carotenoid content of vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in the UK. Food Chem 1995; 54: 101-111.
    • (1995) Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 101-111
    • Hart, D.J.1    Scott, K.J.2
  • 28
    • 53249100512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of carotenoid content in selected vegetables and fruits by HPLC and photodiode array detection
    • Muller H. Determination of carotenoid content in selected vegetables and fruits by HPLC and photodiode array detection, Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch A 1996; 204: 88-94.
    • (1996) Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch A , vol.204 , pp. 88-94
    • Muller, H.1
  • 29
    • 0032843406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The content of zeaxanthin in Gou Qi Zi, a potential health benefit to improve visual activity
    • Lum KW, But P. The content of zeaxanthin in Gou Qi Zi, a potential health benefit to improve visual activity. Food Chem 1999; 67: 173-176.
    • (1999) Food Chem , vol.67 , pp. 173-176
    • Lum, K.W.1    But, P.2
  • 30
    • 0031663454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary lutein absorption from marigold extracts is rapid in BALB/c mice
    • Park JS, Chew BP, Wong TS. Dietary lutein absorption from marigold extracts is rapid in BALB/c mice. J Nutr 1998; 128: 1802-1806.
    • (1998) J Nutr , vol.128 , pp. 1802-1806
    • Park, J.S.1    Chew, B.P.2    Wong, T.S.3
  • 31
    • 0017527881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stewart IR. Provitamin A and carotenoid content of citrus juices. J Agric Food Chem 1977; 25: 1132-7.
    • Stewart IR. Provitamin A and carotenoid content of citrus juices. J Agric Food Chem 1977; 25: 1132-7.
  • 32
    • 0018308830 scopus 로고
    • Use of reversed phase HPLC analysis for the determination of provitamin A carotenes in tomatoes
    • Zakaria M, Simpson KL and Brown PR. Use of reversed phase HPLC analysis for the determination of provitamin A carotenes in tomatoes. J Chromatogr 1979; 176: 109-117.
    • (1979) J Chromatogr , vol.176 , pp. 109-117
    • Zakaria, M.1    Simpson, K.L.2    Brown, P.R.3
  • 33
    • 0036845558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of selected carotenoids in plasma, liver and ocular tissues in human and nonprimate animal models
    • Khachik F, Moura FF, Zhao DY, Aebischer CP, Bernstein PS. Transformation of selected carotenoids in plasma, liver and ocular tissues in human and nonprimate animal models. J Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 3383-3392.
    • (2002) J Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 3383-3392
    • Khachik, F.1    Moura, F.F.2    Zhao, D.Y.3    Aebischer, C.P.4    Bernstein, P.S.5
  • 34
    • 0031796505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tomato lycopene and low-density lipoprotein oxidation: A human dietary intervention study
    • Agarwal S and Rao AV. Tomato lycopene and low-density lipoprotein oxidation: a human dietary intervention study. Lipids 1998; 33: 981-984.
    • (1998) Lipids , vol.33 , pp. 981-984
    • Agarwal, S.1    Rao, A.V.2
  • 35
    • 20544459642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in men
    • Sesso HD, Baring JE, Norkus EP, Gaziano JM. Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 990-997.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.81 , pp. 990-997
    • Sesso, H.D.1    Baring, J.E.2    Norkus, E.P.3    Gaziano, J.M.4
  • 37
    • 11844258889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma Carotenoids, Retinol, and Tocopherols and Risk of Breast Cancer
    • Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE, Campos H, et al. Plasma Carotenoids, Retinol, and Tocopherols and Risk of Breast Cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161: 153-160.
    • (2005) Am J Epidemiol , vol.161 , pp. 153-160
    • Tamimi, R.M.1    Hankinson, S.E.2    Campos, H.3
  • 39
    • 0034915328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse associations between plasma lycopene and other carotenoids and prostate cancer
    • Lu QY, Hung JC, Heber D, et al. Inverse associations between plasma lycopene and other carotenoids and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10: 749-756.
    • (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.10 , pp. 749-756
    • Lu, Q.Y.1    Hung, J.C.2    Heber, D.3
  • 41
    • 0034490748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer prevention by natural carotenoids
    • Nishino H, Tokuda H, Murakoshi M, et al. Cancer prevention by natural carotenoids. Biofactors 2000; 13: 89-94.
    • (2000) Biofactors , vol.13 , pp. 89-94
    • Nishino, H.1    Tokuda, H.2    Murakoshi, M.3
  • 42
    • 47749127573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mavne ST, Lippman SM. Retinoids. Carotenoids, in DeVita VT, Hellman S. Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer principles & practice of oncology, 5th ed, 1997; pp. 585-599. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven.
    • Mavne ST, Lippman SM. Retinoids. Carotenoids, in DeVita VT, Hellman S. Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer principles & practice of oncology, 5th ed, 1997; pp. 585-599. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven.
  • 43
    • 0027218691 scopus 로고
    • Actions of carotenoids in biologic systems
    • Krinsky NI. Actions of carotenoids in biologic systems. Ann Rev Nutr 1993; 13: 561-572.
    • (1993) Ann Rev Nutr , vol.13 , pp. 561-572
    • Krinsky, N.I.1
  • 44
    • 0019422226 scopus 로고
    • Can dietary β-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?
    • Peto R, Doll R, Buckley JD, Sporn MB. Can dietary β-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature 1981; 290: 201-209.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.290 , pp. 201-209
    • Peto, R.1    Doll, R.2    Buckley, J.D.3    Sporn, M.B.4
  • 45
    • 0025314685 scopus 로고
    • Role of free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia
    • Floyd RA. Role of free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia. FASEB J 1990; 4: 2587-2591.
    • (1990) FASEB J , vol.4 , pp. 2587-2591
    • Floyd, R.A.1
  • 46
    • 0030053405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of β-carotene, lycopene, anthoxanthin, retinol, and α- and γ-tocopherot in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer
    • Mikhail MS, Goldberg GL, Basu J, Runowicz CD, Romney SL. Plasma levels of β-carotene, lycopene, anthoxanthin, retinol, and α- and γ-tocopherot in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 181-185.
    • (1996) Clin Cancer Res , vol.2 , pp. 181-185
    • Mikhail, M.S.1    Goldberg, G.L.2    Basu, J.3    Runowicz, C.D.4    Romney, S.L.5
  • 47
    • 0028863013 scopus 로고
    • Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either α-catotene or β-carotene
    • Levy J, Bosin E, Feldman B, et al. Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either α-catotene or β-carotene. Nutr Cancer 1995; 24: 257-266.
    • (1995) Nutr Cancer , vol.24 , pp. 257-266
    • Levy, J.1    Bosin, E.2    Feldman, B.3
  • 48
    • 0026448684 scopus 로고
    • Potent preventive action of α-carotene against carcinogenesis: Spontaneous liver carcino-genesis and promoting stage of lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice are suppressed more effectively by α-carotene than by β- carotene
    • Murakoshi M, Nishino H, Satomi Y, et al. Potent preventive action of α-carotene against carcinogenesis: Spontaneous liver carcino-genesis and promoting stage of lung and skin carcinogenesis in mice are suppressed more effectively by α-carotene than by β- carotene. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 6583-6587.
    • (1992) Cancer Res , vol.52 , pp. 6583-6587
    • Murakoshi, M.1    Nishino, H.2    Satomi, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0037105363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary carotenoids, serum beta-carotene, and retinol and risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study
    • Holick CN, Michaud DS, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, et al. Dietary carotenoids, serum beta-carotene, and retinol and risk of lung cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 536-47.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemiol , vol.156 , pp. 536-547
    • Holick, C.N.1    Michaud, D.S.2    Stolzenberg-Solomon, R.3
  • 50
    • 0031771365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between carotenoid concentrations in serum and normal breast adipose tissue of women with benign breast tumor or breast cancer
    • Yeum KJ, Ahn SH, Rupp de Paiva SA, Lee-Kim YC, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Correlation between carotenoid concentrations in serum and normal breast adipose tissue of women with benign breast tumor or breast cancer. J Nutr 1998; 128: 1920-1926.
    • (1998) J Nutr , vol.128 , pp. 1920-1926
    • Yeum, K.J.1    Ahn, S.H.2    Rupp de Paiva, S.A.3    Lee-Kim, Y.C.4    Krinsky, N.I.5    Russell, R.M.6
  • 52
    • 0036199317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible biologic mechanisms for a protective role of xanthophylts
    • Krinsky NI. Possible biologic mechanisms for a protective role of xanthophylts. J Nutr 2002; 132: 540S-542S.
    • (2002) J Nutr , vol.132
    • Krinsky, N.I.1
  • 53
    • 0036249477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2E and blue light in the retina: The paradigm of age-related macular degeneration
    • Shaban H, Richter C. A2E and blue light in the retina: the paradigm of age-related macular degeneration. Biol Chem 2002; 383: 537-545.
    • (2002) Biol Chem , vol.383 , pp. 537-545
    • Shaban, H.1    Richter, C.2
  • 54
    • 0036210289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary zeaxanthin on tissue distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in quail
    • Toyoda Y, Thomson LR. Effect of dietary zeaxanthin on tissue distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in quail. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 210-1221.
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 210-1221
    • Toyoda, Y.1    Thomson, L.R.2
  • 55
    • 0036845583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated retinal zeaxanthin and prevention of fight-induced photoreceptor cell death in quail
    • Thomson LR, Toyoda Y. Elevated retinal zeaxanthin and prevention of fight-induced photoreceptor cell death in quail. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 3538-49.
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 3538-3549
    • Thomson, L.R.1    Toyoda, Y.2
  • 56
    • 20444439184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lycopene but not lutein nor zeaxanthin decreases in serum and lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration patients
    • Cardinault N, Abalain JH, Sairafi B, et al. Lycopene but not lutein nor zeaxanthin decreases in serum and lipoproteins in age-related macular degeneration patients. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 357: 34-42.
    • (2005) Clin Chim Acta , vol.357 , pp. 34-42
    • Cardinault, N.1    Abalain, J.H.2    Sairafi, B.3
  • 57
    • 0042866149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye
    • Krinsky NI, Landrum JT, Bone RA. Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. Annu Rev Nutr 2003; 23: 171-201.
    • (2003) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 171-201
    • Krinsky, N.I.1    Landrum, J.T.2    Bone, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 0038485829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration
    • Gale CR and Hall NF. Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 2461-2465.
    • (2003) Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 2461-2465
    • Gale, C.R.1    Hall, N.F.2
  • 59
    • 29544441148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration
    • Van Leeuwen R, Bockhoorn S, Vingerling JR, et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 2005; 294: 3101-3107.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 3101-3107
    • Van Leeuwen, R.1    Bockhoorn, S.2    Vingerling, J.R.3
  • 60
    • 29244486457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration
    • Moriarty-Craige SE, Adkison J, Lynn M, et al. Antioxidant supplements prevent oxidation of cysteine/cystine redox in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthamol 2005; 140: 1020-1026.
    • (2005) Am J Ophthamol , vol.140 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Moriarty-Craige, S.E.1    Adkison, J.2    Lynn, M.3
  • 61
    • 0842266594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive two-photon imaging reveals retinyl ester storage structures in the eye
    • Imanishi Y, Batten ML, Piston DW, Baehr W, Palczewski K. Noninvasive two-photon imaging reveals retinyl ester storage structures in the eye. J Cell Biol 2006; 164: 373-383.
    • (2006) J Cell Biol , vol.164 , pp. 373-383
    • Imanishi, Y.1    Batten, M.L.2    Piston, D.W.3    Baehr, W.4    Palczewski, K.5
  • 62
    • 33947521044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TOZAL Study: An open case control study of an oral antioxidant and omega-3 supplement for dry AMD
    • Cangemi FE. TOZAL Study: An open case control study of an oral antioxidant and omega-3 supplement for dry AMD. BMC Ophthalmol 2007; 7: 1471-2415
    • (2007) BMC Ophthalmol , vol.7 , pp. 1471-2415
    • Cangemi, F.E.1
  • 63
    • 21444437579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Photoreceptor-specific retinol dehydrogenase in the retinoid cycle in Vivo
    • Macdaa A, Maedaa T, Imanishia Y, et al. Role of Photoreceptor-specific retinol dehydrogenase in the retinoid cycle in Vivo. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 18822-18832.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 18822-18832
    • Macdaa, A.1    Maedaa, T.2    Imanishia, Y.3
  • 65
    • 35848967762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of lipid peroxidation process in aging and age dependent diseases
    • Spiteller G. The role of lipid peroxidation process in aging and age dependent diseases. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 37(1): 5-12.
    • (2007) Mol Biotechnol , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-12
    • Spiteller, G.1
  • 66
    • 0036176744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetable-borne lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene compete for incorporation into chylomicrons, with no adverse effect on the medium-term (3-wk) plasma status of carotenoids in humans
    • Tyssandier V, Cardinault N, Caris-Veyrat C, et al. Vegetable-borne lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene compete for incorporation into chylomicrons, with no adverse effect on the medium-term (3-wk) plasma status of carotenoids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 526-34.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.75 , pp. 526-534
    • Tyssandier, V.1    Cardinault, N.2    Caris-Veyrat, C.3
  • 67
    • 0028946635 scopus 로고
    • Trace element status and free radical defense in elderly rbesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with macular drusen
    • Olin KL, Morse LS, Murphy C, et al. Trace element status and free radical defense in elderly rbesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with macular drusen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1995; 208: 370-377.
    • (1995) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.208 , pp. 370-377
    • Olin, K.L.1    Morse, L.S.2    Murphy, C.3
  • 69
    • 1942533542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light exposure stimulates formation of A2E oxiranes in a mouse model of Stargardt's macular degeneration
    • Radu RA, Mata NL, Bagla A, Travis GH. Light exposure stimulates formation of A2E oxiranes in a mouse model of Stargardt's macular degeneration. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 5928-5933.
    • (2004) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 5928-5933
    • Radu, R.A.1    Mata, N.L.2    Bagla, A.3    Travis, G.H.4
  • 70
    • 0036677393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A class B scavenger receptor mediates the cellular uptake of carotenoids in Drosophila
    • Kiefer C, Sumser E, Wernet M F, von Lintig J. A class B scavenger receptor mediates the cellular uptake of carotenoids in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 10581-10685.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 10581-10685
    • Kiefer, C.1    Sumser, E.2    Wernet, M.F.3    von Lintig, J.4
  • 71
    • 37049215553 scopus 로고
    • Human vision and the spectrum
    • Wald G. Human vision and the spectrum. Science (Washington DC) 1945; 101: 653-658.
    • (1945) Science (Washington DC) , vol.101 , pp. 653-658
    • Wald, G.1
  • 72
    • 84967771032 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids and the visual cycle
    • Wald G. Carotenoids and the visual cycle. J Gen Physiol 1935; 19: 351-371.
    • (1935) J Gen Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 351-371
    • Wald, G.1
  • 73
    • 0028839561 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human lenses
    • Yeum KJ, Taylor A, Tang G, Russell, RM. Measurement of carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols in human lenses. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36: 2756-2761.
    • (1995) Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 2756-2761
    • Yeum, K.J.1    Taylor, A.2    Tang, G.3    Russell, R.M.4
  • 74
    • 0030864358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantification of retinoic acid and other metabolites from beta-carotene excentric cleavage in human intestine in vitro and ferret intestine in vivo
    • Wang XD and Krinsky NI. Identification and quantification of retinoic acid and other metabolites from beta-carotene excentric cleavage in human intestine in vitro and ferret intestine in vivo. Methods Enzymol 1997; 282: 117-130.
    • (1997) Methods Enzymol , vol.282 , pp. 117-130
    • Wang, X.D.1    Krinsky, N.I.2
  • 76
    • 0031079680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers in the human retina
    • Bone RA, Landrum JT, Friedes LM, et al. Distribution of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers in the human retina. Exp Eye Res 1997; 64: 211-218.
    • (1997) Exp Eye Res , vol.64 , pp. 211-218
    • Bone, R.A.1    Landrum, J.T.2    Friedes, L.M.3
  • 77
    • 0031654516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of retinol and carotenoids in human subretinal fluid
    • Chan C, Leung I, Lam KW, Tso MO. The occurrence of retinol and carotenoids in human subretinal fluid. Curr Eye Res 1998; 17: 890-895.
    • (1998) Curr Eye Res , vol.17 , pp. 890-895
    • Chan, C.1    Leung, I.2    Lam, K.W.3    Tso, M.O.4
  • 78
    • 0033571659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein and Zeaxanthin as protectors of lipid membranes against oxidative damage: The structural aspects
    • Sujak A, Gabrielska J, Grudzinski W, Bore R, Mazurek P, Gruszecki WI. Lutein and Zeaxanthin as protectors of lipid membranes against oxidative damage: the structural aspects. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 371: 301-307.
    • (1999) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.371 , pp. 301-307
    • Sujak, A.1    Gabrielska, J.2    Grudzinski, W.3    Bore, R.4    Mazurek, P.5    Gruszecki, W.I.6
  • 79
    • 0024359696 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to sunlight, and other risk factors for age-related macular degeneration
    • West SK, Rosenthal FS, Bressler NM, et al. Exposure to sunlight, and other risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 875-879.
    • (1989) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.107 , pp. 875-879
    • West, S.K.1    Rosenthal, F.S.2    Bressler, N.M.3
  • 80
    • 0034775358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein, zeaxanthin, and the macular pigment
    • Landrum JT, Bone RA. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and the macular pigment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 385: 28-40.
    • (2001) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.385 , pp. 28-40
    • Landrum, J.T.1    Bone, R.A.2
  • 81
    • 47749106696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schalch W. Possible contribution of lutein and zeaxanthin, carotenoids of the macula lutea, to reducing the rsik for age-related macular degeneration:a review. HKJ Ophthal 2001; 4: 31-42.
    • Schalch W. Possible contribution of lutein and zeaxanthin, carotenoids of the macula lutea, to reducing the rsik for age-related macular degeneration:a review. HKJ Ophthal 2001; 4: 31-42.
  • 82
    • 0032610719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary Prevention of Age-related Macular Degeneration
    • Frank M and Painter DC. Dietary Prevention of Age-related Macular Degeneration. J Optom Assoc 1999; 70: 39-47.
    • (1999) J Optom Assoc , vol.70 , pp. 39-47
    • Frank, M.1    Painter, D.C.2
  • 83
    • 0037446840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy for macular degeneration: Insights from acne
    • Sparrow JR. Therapy for macular degeneration: Insights from acne. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 4353-4354.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4353-4354
    • Sparrow, J.R.1
  • 84
    • 2542432254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: The Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial)
    • Richer S, Stiles W, Statkute L, et al. Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lutein and antioxidant supplementation in the intervention of atrophic age-related macular degeneration: the Veterans LAST study (Lutein Antioxidant Supplementation Trial). Optometry 2004; 75: 216-230.
    • (2004) Optometry , vol.75 , pp. 216-230
    • Richer, S.1    Stiles, W.2    Statkute, L.3
  • 85
    • 20244368492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein transport by Caco-2 TC-7 cells occurs partly by a facilitated process involving the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)
    • Reboul E, Abou L, Mikail C, et al. Lutein transport by Caco-2 TC-7 cells occurs partly by a facilitated process involving the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Biochem J 2005; 387: 455-461.
    • (2005) Biochem J , vol.387 , pp. 455-461
    • Reboul, E.1    Abou, L.2    Mikail, C.3
  • 86
    • 0008655136 scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment revealed as a mixture of zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and lutein by chiral column HPLC
    • Bone RA, Cains A, Zamor J. Macular pigment revealed as a mixture of zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and lutein by chiral column HPLC. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33: 1010-1016.
    • (1992) Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.33 , pp. 1010-1016
    • Bone, R.A.1    Cains, A.2    Zamor, J.3
  • 87
    • 0032923530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract
    • Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, et al. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 272-277.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , pp. 272-277
    • Lyle, B.J.1    Mares-Perlman, J.A.2    Klein, B.E.3
  • 88
    • 1442314663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between C-reactive protein and agerelated macular degeneration
    • Seddon JM, Gensler G, Milton RC, Klein ML, Rifai N. Association between C-reactive protein and agerelated macular degeneration. JAMA 2004; 291: 704-710.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 704-710
    • Seddon, J.M.1    Gensler, G.2    Milton, R.C.3    Klein, M.L.4    Rifai, N.5
  • 89
    • 0029982026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant enzymes of the human retina: Effect of age on enzyme activity of macula and periphery
    • De La Paz, Zhang J, Fridovich I. Antioxidant enzymes of the human retina: effect of age on enzyme activity of macula and periphery. Curr Eye Res 1996; 15: 273-278.
    • (1996) Curr Eye Res , vol.15 , pp. 273-278
    • La Paz, D.1    Zhang, J.2    Fridovich, I.3
  • 90
    • 0029680973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter ophthalmic and nutritional age-related macular degeneration study - part 2: Antioxidant intervention and conclusions
    • Richer S. Multicenter ophthalmic and nutritional age-related macular degeneration study - part 2: antioxidant intervention and conclusions. J Am Optom Assoc 1996; 67: 30-49.
    • (1996) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.67 , pp. 30-49
    • Richer, S.1
  • 91
    • 0036015955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment: Influences on visual acuity and visibility
    • Wooten BR, Hammond HR. Macular pigment: influences on visual acuity and visibility. Prog Retin Eye Res 2002; 21: 225-240.
    • (2002) Prog Retin Eye Res , vol.21 , pp. 225-240
    • Wooten, B.R.1    Hammond, H.R.2
  • 92
    • 0030248430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light elicits the release of docosahexacnoic acid from membrane phospholipids in the rat retina in vitro
    • Reinboth JJ, Clausen, M., Remé, CE. Light elicits the release of docosahexacnoic acid from membrane phospholipids in the rat retina in vitro. Exp Eye Res 1996; 63: 277-284.
    • (1996) Exp Eye Res , vol.63 , pp. 277-284
    • Reinboth, J.J.1    Clausen, M.2    Remé, C.E.3
  • 93
    • 0027982897 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary fish oil on acute light-induced photoreceptor damage in the rat retina
    • Reme CE, Malnoe A, Jung HH, Wei Q, Munz K. Effect of dietary fish oil on acute light-induced photoreceptor damage in the rat retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 78-90.
    • (1994) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.35 , pp. 78-90
    • Reme, C.E.1    Malnoe, A.2    Jung, H.H.3    Wei, Q.4    Munz, K.5
  • 94
    • 0023278631 scopus 로고
    • Effect of light history on retinal antioxidants and light damage susceptibility in the rat
    • Penn JS, Naash MI, Anderson RE. Effect of light history on retinal antioxidants and light damage susceptibility in the rat. Exp Eye Res 1987; 44: 779-788.
    • (1987) Exp Eye Res , vol.44 , pp. 779-788
    • Penn, J.S.1    Naash, M.I.2    Anderson, R.E.3
  • 95
    • 0030808480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of mutant opsin gene increases the susceptibility of the retina to light damage
    • Wang M, Lam T, Naah MI. Expression of mutant opsin gene increases the susceptibility of the retina to light damage. Vis Neurosci 1997; 14: 55-62.
    • (1997) Vis Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 55-62
    • Wang, M.1    Lam, T.2    Naah, M.I.3
  • 96
    • 36749010860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of oxidative stress
    • Halliwell B. Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35(5): 1147-1150.
    • (2007) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 1147-1150
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 97
    • 33745850084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxyl radicals: Inducers of neurodegenerative and other inflammatory diseases. Their origin and how they transform cholesterol, phospholipids, plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sugars, and proteins into deleterious products
    • Spiteller G. Peroxyl radicals: inducers of neurodegenerative and other inflammatory diseases. Their origin and how they transform cholesterol, phospholipids, plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sugars, and proteins into deleterious products. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41(3): 362-387.
    • (2006) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-387
    • Spiteller, G.1
  • 99
    • 0034071816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina, Inst
    • Rapp LM, Maple SS, Choi JH. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina, Inst. Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 1200-1209.
    • (2000) Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1200-1209
    • Rapp, L.M.1    Maple, S.S.2    Choi, J.H.3
  • 100
    • 0021448033 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A and beta-carotene in bovine and porcine plasma, liver, corpora lutea, and follicular fluid
    • Chew BP, Holpuch DM, O'Fallon JV. Vitamin A and beta-carotene in bovine and porcine plasma, liver, corpora lutea, and follicular fluid. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67: 1316-1322.
    • (1984) J Dairy Sci , vol.67 , pp. 1316-1322
    • Chew, B.P.1    Holpuch, D.M.2    O'Fallon, J.V.3
  • 101
    • 0024697920 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of plasma beta-carotene and vitamin A to luteal function in postpartum cattle
    • Graves-Hoagland RL, Hoagland TA, Woody CO. Relationship of plasma beta-carotene and vitamin A to luteal function in postpartum cattle. J Dairy Sci 1989; 72: 1854-1858.
    • (1989) J Dairy Sci , vol.72 , pp. 1854-1858
    • Graves-Hoagland, R.L.1    Hoagland, T.A.2    Woody, C.O.3
  • 102
    • 0023990898 scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-carotene and vitamin A on progesterone production by bovine luteal cells
    • Graves-Hoagland RL, Hoagland TA, Woody CO. Effect of beta-carotene and vitamin A on progesterone production by bovine luteal cells. J Dairy Sci 1988; 71: 1058-1062.
    • (1988) J Dairy Sci , vol.71 , pp. 1058-1062
    • Graves-Hoagland, R.L.1    Hoagland, T.A.2    Woody, C.O.3
  • 103
    • 34249900057 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids and vitamin A value of fresh and canned winter squashes
    • Lee CY, Smith NL, Robinson RW. Carotenoids and vitamin A value of fresh and canned winter squashes. Nutr Rep Internatl 1984; 29: 129-33.
    • (1984) Nutr Rep Internatl , vol.29 , pp. 129-133
    • Lee, C.Y.1    Smith, N.L.2    Robinson, R.W.3
  • 104
    • 0027215872 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa
    • Berson EL, Rosner B, Sandberg MA. A randomized trial of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthal 1993; 111: 761-772.
    • (1993) Arch Ophthal , vol.111 , pp. 761-772
    • Berson, E.L.1    Rosner, B.2    Sandberg, M.A.3
  • 105
    • 0027034024 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids in the retina - review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen
    • Schalch W. Carotenoids in the retina - review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen. EXS 1992; 62: 280-298.
    • (1992) EXS , vol.62 , pp. 280-298
    • Schalch, W.1
  • 106
    • 0037466988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of lutein, zeaxanthin and other related geometrical isomers in fruits, vegetables, wheat and pasta products
    • Humphries JM and Khachik F. Distribution of lutein, zeaxanthin and other related geometrical isomers in fruits, vegetables, wheat and pasta products. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51: 1322-1327.
    • (2003) J Agric Food Chem , vol.51 , pp. 1322-1327
    • Humphries, J.M.1    Khachik, F.2
  • 107
    • 0037252810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient conversion of (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein to (3R,3′S,6′R)-lutein (3′-epilutein) and (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin
    • Khachik F. An efficient conversion of (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein to (3R,3′S,6′R)-lutein (3′-epilutein) and (3R,3′R)-zeaxanthin. J Nat Prod 2003; 66: 67-72.
    • (2003) J Nat Prod , vol.66 , pp. 67-72
    • Khachik, F.1
  • 108
    • 0027144412 scopus 로고
    • The role of flavonol glycosides and carotenoids in protecting soybean from ultraviolet-B damage
    • Middleton EM, Teramura AH. The role of flavonol glycosides and carotenoids in protecting soybean from ultraviolet-B damage. Plant Physiol 1993; 103: 741-752.
    • (1993) Plant Physiol , vol.103 , pp. 741-752
    • Middleton, E.M.1    Teramura, A.H.2
  • 109
    • 47749113531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E enhances lutein bioavailability in Zucker lean but not obese female rats
    • Blakely SR, Grundel E, Khachik F. Vitamin E enhances lutein bioavailability in Zucker lean but not obese female rats. FASEB J 2000; 14: 235.
    • (2000) FASEB J , vol.14 , pp. 235
    • Blakely, S.R.1    Grundel, E.2    Khachik, F.3
  • 110
    • 0032803290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of lutein from vegetables is 5 times higher than that of beta-carotene
    • Van bet Hof KH, Brouwer IA, West CE, et al. Bioavailability of lutein from vegetables is 5 times higher than that of beta-carotene. Am J Clin Nutt 1999; 70: 261-268.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutt , vol.70 , pp. 261-268
    • Van bet Hof, K.H.1    Brouwer, I.A.2    West, C.E.3
  • 113
    • 0022376578 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment
    • Bone RA, Landrum JT, Taris SL. Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment. Vis Res 1985; 25: 1531-1535.
    • (1985) Vis Res , vol.25 , pp. 1531-1535
    • Bone, R.A.1    Landrum, J.T.2    Taris, S.L.3
  • 114
    • 0026685978 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carotenoids in human and monkey retinas
    • Handelman, GJ, Snodderly DM, Adler AJ. Measurement of carotenoids in human and monkey retinas. Methods Enzymol 1992; 213: 220-230.
    • (1992) Methods Enzymol , vol.213 , pp. 220-230
    • Handelman, G.J.1    Snodderly, D.M.2    Adler, A.J.3
  • 119
    • 0030869207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With chlorophyll pigments from prolamellar bodies to light-harvesting complexes
    • Sundqvist C, Dahlin C. With chlorophyll pigments from prolamellar bodies to light-harvesting complexes. Physiol Plant 1997; 100: 748-759.
    • (1997) Physiol Plant , vol.100 , pp. 748-759
    • Sundqvist, C.1    Dahlin, C.2
  • 120
    • 0034149813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lutein improves visual function in some patients with retinal degeneration: A pilot study via the Internet
    • Dagnelie G, Zorge IS, McDonald TM. Lutein improves visual function in some patients with retinal degeneration: a pilot study via the Internet. Optometry 2000; 71: 147-64.
    • (2000) Optometry , vol.71 , pp. 147-164
    • Dagnelie, G.1    Zorge, I.S.2    McDonald, T.M.3
  • 121
    • 12644299593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin
    • Hammond BR Jr, Wooten BR, Snodderly DM. Density of the human crystalline lens is related to the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. Optom Vis Sci 1997; 74: 499-504.
    • (1997) Optom Vis Sci , vol.74 , pp. 499-504
    • Hammond Jr, B.R.1    Wooten, B.R.2    Snodderly, D.M.3
  • 122
    • 0035181202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between dietary intake, serum concentrations, and retinal concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in adults in a Midwest population
    • Curran-Celentano J, Hammond BR Jr, Ciulla TA, Cooper DA, Pratt LM, Danis RB. Relation between dietary intake, serum concentrations, and retinal concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in adults in a Midwest population. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 796-802.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.74 , pp. 796-802
    • Curran-Celentano, J.1    Hammond Jr, B.R.2    Ciulla, T.A.3    Cooper, D.A.4    Pratt, L.M.5    Danis, R.B.6
  • 123
    • 0034945522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment and lutein supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome
    • Aleman TS, Duncan JL, Bieber ML, et al. Macular pigment and lutein supplementation in retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 1873-1881.
    • (2001) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 1873-1881
    • Aleman, T.S.1    Duncan, J.L.2    Bieber, M.L.3
  • 124
    • 0034767732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract
    • Gale CR, Hall NF, Phillips DI, Martyn CN. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract. Ophthalmology 2001; 108: 1992-1998.
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 1992-1998
    • Gale, C.R.1    Hall, N.F.2    Phillips, D.I.3    Martyn, C.N.4
  • 125
    • 0026650024 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: A prospective study
    • Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study. Br Med J 1992; 305: 335-339.
    • (1992) Br Med J , vol.305 , pp. 335-339
    • Hankinson, S.E.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Seddon, J.M.3
  • 126
    • 0035045199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: Cataracts and glaucoma
    • Head KA. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: cataracts and glaucoma. Altern Med Rev 2001; 6: 141-166.
    • (2001) Altern Med Rev , vol.6 , pp. 141-166
    • Head, K.A.1
  • 127
    • 0036009771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body function and photomorphogenesis
    • Park H, Kreunen SS, Cuttriss AJ, DellaPenna D, Pogson BJ. Identification of carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body function and photomorphogenesis. Pant Cell 2002; 14: 321-332.
    • (2002) Pant Cell , vol.14 , pp. 321-332
    • Park, H.1    Kreunen, S.S.2    Cuttriss, A.J.3    DellaPenna, D.4    Pogson, B.J.5
  • 128
    • 0028837082 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and molecular biology of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants
    • Chappell J. Biochemistry and molecular biology of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1995; 46:521-547.
    • (1995) Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol , vol.46 , pp. 521-547
    • Chappell, J.1
  • 129
    • 0028332220 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid biosynthesis in microorganisms and plants
    • Sandmann G. Carotenoid biosynthesis in microorganisms and plants. Eur J Biochem 1994; 223: 7-24.
    • (1994) Eur J Biochem , vol.223 , pp. 7-24
    • Sandmann, G.1
  • 130
    • 0028172339 scopus 로고
    • Functional assignment of Erwinia herbicola Eho10, carotenoid genes expressed in Escherichia coli
    • Hundle B, Alberti M, Nievelstein V, et al. Functional assignment of Erwinia herbicola Eho10, carotenoid genes expressed in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 1994; 245: 406-416.
    • (1994) Mol Gen Genet , vol.245 , pp. 406-416
    • Hundle, B.1    Alberti, M.2    Nievelstein, V.3
  • 131
    • 0026199430 scopus 로고
    • Carotenoids of Erwinia herbicola and an Escherichia coli HB101 strain carrying the Erwinia herbicola carotenoid gene cluster
    • Hundle BS, Beyer P, Kleinig H, Englert G and Hearst JE. Carotenoids of Erwinia herbicola and an Escherichia coli HB101 strain carrying the Erwinia herbicola carotenoid gene cluster. Photochem Photobiol 1991; 54: 89-93.
    • (1991) Photochem Photobiol , vol.54 , pp. 89-93
    • Hundle, B.S.1    Beyer, P.2    Kleinig, H.3    Englert, G.4    Hearst, J.E.5
  • 132
    • 0025630190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misawa NM, Nakagawa K, Kobayashi 8, et al. Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovota carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1990; 172: 6704-12.
    • Misawa NM, Nakagawa K, Kobayashi 8, et al. Elucidation of the Erwinia uredovota carotenoid biosynthetic pathway by functional analysis of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1990; 172: 6704-12.
  • 133
    • 0025111277 scopus 로고
    • Identification of carotenoids in Erwinia herbicola and in a transformed Escherichia coli strain
    • Sandmann G, Woods SW and Tuveson RW. Identification of carotenoids in Erwinia herbicola and in a transformed Escherichia coli strain. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990; 59: 77-82.
    • (1990) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.59 , pp. 77-82
    • Sandmann, G.1    Woods, S.W.2    Tuveson, R.W.3
  • 134
    • 0024728612 scopus 로고
    • Molecular oxygen and the state of geometric isomerism of intermediates are essential in the carotene desaturation and cyclization reactions in daffodil chromoplasts
    • Beyer P, Mayer M and Kleinig H. Molecular oxygen and the state of geometric isomerism of intermediates are essential in the carotene desaturation and cyclization reactions in daffodil chromoplasts. Eur J Biochem 1989; 184: 141-150.
    • (1989) Eur J Biochem , vol.184 , pp. 141-150
    • Beyer, P.1    Mayer, M.2    Kleinig, H.3
  • 135
    • 0001887923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of carotenoid biosynthesis
    • G. Britton, S. Liaaen- Jensen, and H. Pfander, eds Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser
    • Britton G. Overview of carotenoid biosynthesis. In Carotenoids: Biosynthesis and Metabolism, Vol. 3, G. Britton, S. Liaaen- Jensen, and H. Pfander, eds (Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser) 1998; 13-147.
    • (1998) Carotenoids: Biosynthesis and Metabolism , vol.3 , pp. 13-147
    • Britton, G.1
  • 136
    • 0035049993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants
    • Hirschberg J. Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2001; 4: 210-218.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Plant Biol , vol.4 , pp. 210-218
    • Hirschberg, J.1
  • 137
    • 0033841024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plastid terminal oxidase associated with carotenoid desaturation during chromoplast differentiation
    • Josse EM, Simkin AJ, Gaffe J, Laboure AM, Kuntz M, Carol P. A plastid terminal oxidase associated with carotenoid desaturation during chromoplast differentiation. Plant Physiol 2000; 123: 1427-1436.
    • (2000) Plant Physiol , vol.123 , pp. 1427-1436
    • Josse, E.M.1    Simkin, A.J.2    Gaffe, J.3    Laboure, A.M.4    Kuntz, M.5    Carol, P.6
  • 139
    • 0342505289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: Regulatory role of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase
    • Lois LM, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Gallego F, Campos N, Boronat A. Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: regulatory role of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. Plant J 2000; 22: 503-513.
    • (2000) Plant J , vol.22 , pp. 503-513
    • Lois, L.M.1    Rodriguez-Concepcion, M.2    Gallego, F.3    Campos, N.4    Boronat, A.5
  • 140
    • 0036009771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis
    • Park H, Kreunen SS, Cuttriss AJ, DellaPenna D, Pogson BJ. Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell 2002; 14: 321-332.
    • (2002) Plant Cell , vol.14 , pp. 321-332
    • Park, H.1    Kreunen, S.S.2    Cuttriss, A.J.3    DellaPenna, D.4    Pogson, B.J.5
  • 141
    • 0031990119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new alternative non-mevalonate pathway for isoptenoid biosynthesis in eubacteria and plants
    • Paseshnichenko VA. A new alternative non-mevalonate pathway for isoptenoid biosynthesis in eubacteria and plants. Biochemistry (Mosc) 1998; 63: 139-148.
    • (1998) Biochemistry (Mosc) , vol.63 , pp. 139-148
    • Paseshnichenko, V.A.1
  • 142
    • 0033082657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: Expression of the gene for lycopene epsilon-cyclase is down-regulated during ripening and is elevated in the mutant delta
    • Ronen G, Cohen M, Zamir D, Hirschberg J. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: expression of the gene for lycopene epsilon-cyclase is down-regulated during ripening and is elevated in the mutant delta. Plant J 1999; 17: 341-351.
    • (1999) Plant J , vol.17 , pp. 341-351
    • Ronen, G.1    Cohen, M.2    Zamir, D.3    Hirschberg, J.4
  • 143
    • 0035207633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis: Strategies, problems and achievements
    • Sandmann G. Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis: strategies, problems and achievements. Trends Plant Sci 2001; 6: 14-17.
    • (2001) Trends Plant Sci , vol.6 , pp. 14-17
    • Sandmann, G.1
  • 144
    • 0033941389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular breeding of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways
    • Schmidt-Dannert C, Umeno D, Arnold FH. Molecular breeding of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18: 750-753.
    • (2000) Nat Biotechnol , vol.18 , pp. 750-753
    • Schmidt-Dannert, C.1    Umeno, D.2    Arnold, F.H.3
  • 145
    • 0035212590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the metabolic flux through the carotenoid pathway using directed mRNA processing and stabilization
    • Smolke CD, Martin VJ, Keasling JD. Controlling the metabolic flux through the carotenoid pathway using directed mRNA processing and stabilization. Metab Eng 2001; 3: 313-321.
    • (2001) Metab Eng , vol.3 , pp. 313-321
    • Smolke, C.D.1    Martin, V.J.2    Keasling, J.D.3
  • 146
    • 0033996644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce the non-mevalonate methylerythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis correlated with accumulation of the 'yellow pigment' and other apocarotenoids
    • Walter MH, Fester T, Strack D. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce the non-mevalonate methylerythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis correlated with accumulation of the 'yellow pigment' and other apocarotenoids. Plant J 2000; 21: 571-578.
    • (2000) Plant J , vol.21 , pp. 571-578
    • Walter, M.H.1    Fester, T.2    Strack, D.3
  • 147
    • 0036847464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry, distribution and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health
    • Khacbik F, Carvalho L, Bernstein PS, Muir GJ, Zhao DY, Katz NB. Chemistry, distribution and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health. Exp Biol Med 2002; 227: 845-851.
    • (2002) Exp Biol Med , vol.227 , pp. 845-851
    • Khacbik, F.1    Carvalho, L.2    Bernstein, P.S.3    Muir, G.J.4    Zhao, D.Y.5    Katz, N.B.6
  • 148
    • 0034769744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantification of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of human eye
    • Berstein PS, Khachik F, Carvalho L, Nuir GJ, Zhao DY, Katz NB. Identification and quantification of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of human eye. Exper Eye Res 2001; 72: 215-223.
    • (2001) Exper Eye Res , vol.72 , pp. 215-223
    • Berstein, P.S.1    Khachik, F.2    Carvalho, L.3    Nuir, G.J.4    Zhao, D.Y.5    Katz, N.B.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.