Bioavailability of lutein from vegetables is 5 times higher than that of β-carotene

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 261-268

  Van Het Hof, Karin H ^a   Brouwer, Ingeborg A ^b   West, Clive E ^b   Haddeman, Edward ^b   Steegers Theunissen, Régine P M ^b   Van Dusseldorp, Marijke ^b   Weststrate, Jan A ^b   Eskes, Tom K A B ^b   Hautvast, Joseph G A J ^b  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH VLAARDINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Bioavailability; Carotenoids; Humans; LDL; Low density lipoprotein oxidation; Lutein; Vegetables; carotene

Indexed keywords

ALPHA CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CAROTENOID; CRYPTOXANTHIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LYCOPENE; RETINOL; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; OXIDATION; VEGETABLE; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 0032803290     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.70.2.261     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Willett WC, Trichopoulos D. Nutrition and cancer: a summary of the evidence. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:178-80.
2. Ness AR, Powles JW. Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease: a review. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26:1-13.
3. Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr. Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(suppl):352S-5S.
4. Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study. BMJ 1992;305: 335-9.
5. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al, for the Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 1994;272:1413-20.
6. Sies H, Stahl W. Vitamins E and C, β-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(suppl):1315S-21S.
7. van Poppel G, Goldbohm RA. Epidemiologic evidence for β-carotene and cancer prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(suppl):1393S-402S.
8. Campbell DR, Gross MD, Martini MC, Grandits GA, Slavin JL, Potter JD. Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:493-500.
9. Drewnowski A, Rock CL, Henderson SA, et al. Serum β-carotene and vitamin C as biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intakes in a community-based sample of French adults, Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1796-802.
10. Polsinelli ML, Rock CL, Henderson SA, Drewnowski A. Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable servings in women. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:194-6.
11. Yeum KJ, Booth SL, Sadowski JA, et al. Human plasma carotenoid response to the ingestion of controlled diets high in fruits and vegetables. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:594-602.
12. Rock CL, Flatt SW, Wright FA, et al. Responsiveness of carotenoids to high vegetable diet intervention designed to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6:617-23.
13. Zino S, Skeaff M, Williams S, Mann J. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma concentrations of lipids and antioxidants. BMJ 1997;314:1787-91.
14. De Pee S, West CE. Dietary carotenoids and their role in combating vitamin A deficiency: a review of the literature. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50(suppl):S38-53.
15. Castenmiller JJM, West CE. Bioavailability and bioconversion of carotenoids. Annu Rev Nutr 1998;18:19-38.
16. De Pee S, West CE, Muhilal, Daryadi D, Hautvast JGAJ. Lack of improvement in vitamin A status with increased consumption of dark-green leafy vegetables. Lancet 1995;346:75-81.
17. De Pee S, West CE, Permaesih D, Martuti S, Muhilal, Hautvast JGAJ. Orange fruit is more effective than are dark-green, leafy vegetables in increasing serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene in schoolchildren in Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1058-67.
18. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willet WC. Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1767-76.
19. Ziegler RG, Colavito EA, Hartge P, et al. Importance of α-carotene, β-carotene and other phytochemicals in the etiology of lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:612-5.
20. Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1785-92.
21. Princen HMG, Van Poppel G, Vogelezang C, Buytenhek R, Kok FJ. Supplementation with vitamin E but not β-carotene in vivo protects low density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro. Effect of cigarette smoking. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1992;12:554-62.
22. Reaven PD, Ferguson E, Navab M, Powell FL. Susceptibility of human LDL to oxidative modification. Effects of variation in β-carotene concentration and oxygen tension. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:1162-9.
23. Meraji S, Ziozenkova O, Resch U, Khoschsorur A, Tatzber F, Esterbauer H. Enhanced plasma level of lipid peroxidation in Iranians could be improved by antioxidants supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:318-25.
24. Feunekes GIJ, Van Staveren WA, De Vries JHM, Burema J, Hautvast JGAJ. Relative and biomarker-based validity of a food-frequency questionnaire estimating intake of fats and cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:489-96.
25. Stichting NEVO. Dutch Nutrient Data Base 1993. Den Haag: Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding, 1993.
26. Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding. Zo eet Nederland, 1992. Resultaten van de Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1992. (Results of the Dutch food consumption survey, 1992.) Den Haag: Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding, 1993 (in Dutch).
27. Vuilleumier JP, Keck E. Fluorometric assay of vitamin C in biological materials using a centrifugal analyser with fluorescence attachment. J Micronutr Anal 1989;5:25-34.
28. Ramos P, Gieseg SP, Schuster B, Esterbauer H. Effect of temperature and phase transition on oxidation resistance of low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 1995;36:2113-28.
29. Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996;239:70-6.
30. Redgrave TG, Roberts DCK, West CE. Separation of plasma lipoproteins by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Anal Biochem 1975;65: 42-9.
31. Puhl H, Waeg G, Esterbauer H. Methods to determine oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. Methods Enzymol 1994;233:425-41.
32. Markwell MAK, Haas SM, Bieber LL, Tolbert NE. A modification of the Lowry procedure to simplify protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples. Anal Biochem 1978;87:206-10.
33. Brown ED, Micozzi MS, Craft NE, et al. Plasma carotenoids in normal men after a single ingestion of vegetables or purified β-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:1258-65.
34. Micozzi MS, Brown ED, Edwards BK, et al. Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and β-carotene supplements in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1120-5.
35. Törrönen R, Lehmusaho M, Häkkinen S, Hänninen O, Mykkänen H. Serum β-carotene response to supplementation with raw carrots, carrot juice or purified β-carotene in healthy non-smoking women. Nutr Res 1996;16:565-75.
36. Chug-Ahuja JK, Holden JM, Forman MR, Mangels AR, Beecher GR, Lanza E. The development and application of a carotenoid database for fruits, vegetables and selected multicomponent foods. J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:318-23.
37. Borel P, Grolier P, Armand M, et al. Carotenoids in biological emulsions: solubility, surface-to-core distribution, and release from lipid droplets. J Lipid Res 1996;37:250-61.
38. Zhou JR, Gugger ET, Erdman JW. The crystalline form of carotenes and the food matrix in carrot root decrease the relative bioavailability of β-and α-carotene in the ferret model. J Am Coll Nutr 1996;15: 84-91.
39. Kostic D, White WS, Olson JA. Intestinal absorption, serum clearance, and interactions between lutein and β-carotene when administered to human adults in separate or combined oral doses. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:604-10.
40. Bierer TL, Merchen NR, Erdman JW. Comparative absorption and transport of five common carotenoids in preruminant calves. J Nutr 1995;125:1569-77.
41. Prince MR, Frisoli JK, Goetschkes MM, Stringham JM, La Muraglia GM. Rapid serum carotene loading with high-dose β-carotene: Clinical implications. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;17:343-7.
42. Gaziano JM, Johnson EJ, Russell RM, et al. Discrimination in absorption or transport of β-carotene isomers after oral supplementation with either all-trans-or 9-cis-β-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1248-52.
43. Fotouhi N, Meydani M, Santos MS, Meydani SN, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM. Carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and red blood cells after long-term β-carotene supplementation in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:553-8.
44. Albanes D, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Rautalahti M, Pietinen P, Heinonen OP. Effects of supplemental β-carotene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:366-72.
45. Wahlqvist ML, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Macrae FA, Lambert JR, MacLennan R, Hsu-Hage BH. Changes in serum carotenoids in subjects with colorectal adenomas after 24 mo of β-carotene supplementation. Australian Polyp Prevention Project Investigators. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:936-43.
46. Johnson EJ, Qin J, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Ingestion by men of a combined dose of β-carotene and lycopene does not affect the absorption of β-carotene but improves that of lycopene. J Nutr 1997;127:1833-7.
47. Gey KF. Ten-year retrospective on the antioxidant hypothesis of arteriosclerosis: threshold plasma levels of antioxidant micronutrients related to minimum cardiovascular risk. J Nutr Biochem 1995; 6:206-36.
48. Hininger I, Chopra M, Thurnham DI, et al. Effect of increased fruit and vegetable intake on the susceptibility of lipoprotein to oxidation in smokers. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:601-6.
49. Jialal I, Grundy SM. Effect of dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol on the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 1992;33:899-906.
50. Levy Y, Ben-Amotz A, Aviram M. Effect of dietary supplementation of different β-carotene isomers on lipoprotein oxidative modification. J Nutr Environ Med 1995;5:13-22.
51. Lin Y, Burri BJ, Neidlinger TR, Müller H-G, Dueker SR, Clifford AJ. Estimating the concentration of β-carotene required for maximal protection of low-density lipoproteins in women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:837-45.
52. Patrono C, FitzGerald GA. Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2309-15.