Interleukin-21: a critical regulator of the balance between effector and regulatory T-cell responses

Trends in Immunology

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 290-294

  Monteleone, Giovanni ^a   Pallone, Francesco ^a   MacDonald, Thomas T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^b QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 21; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; EFFECTOR CELL; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; INFLAMMATION; INTERLEUKINS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TH1 CELLS; TH2 CELLS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

EID: 44549084734     PISSN: 14714906     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2008.02.008     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Moss R.B., et al. Th1/Th2 cells in inflammatory disease states: therapeutic implications. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 4 (2004) 1887-1896
2. Coffman R.L. Origins of the T(H)1-T(H)2 model: a personal perspective. Nat. Immunol. 7 (2006) 539-541
3. Stockinger B., and Veldhoen M. Differentiation and function of Th17 T cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19 (2007) 281-286
4. + regulatory T cells control autoimmunity?. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (2005) 638-642
5. You S., et al. Adaptive TGF-beta-dependent regulatory T cells control autoimmune diabetes and are a privileged target of anti-CD3 antibody treatment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007) 6335-6340
6. +CD25- T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 5149-5153
7. Bettelli E., et al. Th17: the third member of the effector T cell trilogy. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19 (2007) 652-657
8. Bettelli E., et al. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441 (2006) 235-238
9. Acosta-Rodriguez E.V., et al. Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor-beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 942-949
10. Parrish-Novak J., et al. Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. Nature 408 (2000) 57-63
11. Wurster A.L., et al. Interleukin 21 is a T helper (Th) cell 2 cytokine that specifically inhibits the differentiation of naive Th cells into interferon gamma-producing Th1 cells. J. Exp. Med. 196 (2002) 969-977
12. Wei L. IL-21 is produced by Th17 cells and drives IL-17 production in a STAT3-dependent manner. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 34605-34610
13. Nurieva R. Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells. Nature 448 (2007) 480-483
14. Korn T., et al. IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells. Nature 448 (2007) 484-487
15. Zhou L., et al. IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 967-974
16. Caprioli F., et al. Autocrine regulation of interleukin-21 production in human T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 180 (2008) 1800-1807
17. Chtanova T., et al. T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells. J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 68-78
18. Coquet J.M., et al. IL-21 is produced by NKT cells and modulates NKT cell activation and cytokine production. J. Immunol. 178 (2007) 2827-2834
19. Monteleone G., et al. Interleukin-21 enhances T-helper cell type I signaling and interferon-gamma production in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 128 (2005) 687-694
20. Fina D., et al. Interleukin-21 contributes to the mucosal T helper Cell type 1 response in celiac disease. Gut (2007) 10.1136/gut.2007.129882
21. + regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 204 (2007) 1757-1764
22. Denning T.L., et al. Lamina propria macrophages and dendritic cells differentially induce regulatory and interleukin 17-producing T cell responses. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 1086-1094
23. Fantini M.C., et al. IL-21 regulates experimental colitis by modulating the balance between Tregs and Th17 cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 37 (2007) 3155-3163
24. McGeachy M.J., et al. TGF-beta and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain T(H)-17 cell-mediated pathology. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 1390-1397
25. Awasthi A., et al. A dominant function for interleukin 27 in generating interleukin 10-producing anti-inflammatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 1380-1389
26. + T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 178 (2007) 732-739
27. + regulatory T cell depletion augments immunotherapy of micrometastases by an IL-21-secreting cellular vaccine. J. Immunol. 176 (2006) 1750-1758
28. Caruso R., et al. A functional role for interleukin-21 in promoting the synthesis of the T-cell chemoattractant, MIP-3alpha, by gut epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 132 (2007) 166-175
29. Bettelli E., et al. Loss of T-bet, but not STAT1, prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 200 (2004) 79-87
30. Fina D. Role of interleukin-21 in inflammation and allergy. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 6 (2007) 63-68
31. Distler J.H., et al. Expression of interleukin-21 receptor in epidermis from patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 52 (2005) 856-864
32. Jüngel A., et al. Expression of interleukin-21 receptor, but not interleukin-21, in synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50 (2004) 1468-1476
33. Li J., et al. Interleukin-21 induces T-cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand. J. Immunol. 64 (2006) 515-522
34. Young D.A., et al. Blockade of the interleukin-21/interleukin-21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 56 (2007) 1152-1163
35. Annunziato F., et al. Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells. J. Exp. Med. 204 (2007) 1849-1861
36. Vollmer T.L., et al. Differential effects of IL-21 during initiation and progression of autoimmunity against neuroantigen. J. Immunol. 174 (2005) 2696-2701
37. Ozaki K., et al. A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science 298 (2002) 1630-1634
38. Kishida T., et al. IL-21 induces inhibitor of differentiation 2 and leads to complete abrogation of anaphylaxis in mice. J. Immunol. 179 (2007) 8554-8561
39. Hiromura Y., et al. IL-21 administration into the nostril alleviates murine allergic rhinitis. J. Immunol. 179 (2007) 7157-7165
40. Ozaki K., et al. Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 5361-5371
41. Zeng R., et al. Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function. J. Exp. Med. 201 (2005) 139-148
42. Liu S., et al. IL-21 synergizes with IL-7 to augment expansion and anti-tumor function of cytotoxic T cells. Int. Immunol. 19 (2007) 1213-1221
43. Moroz A., et al. IL-21 enhances and sustains CD8+ T cell responses to achieve durable tumor immunity: comparative evaluation of IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21. J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 900-909
44. Li Y., and Yee C. IL-21 mediated Foxp3 suppression leads to enhanced generation of antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Blood 111 (2008) 229-235
45. Allard E.L., et al. Overexpression of IL-21 promotes massive CD8+ memory T cell accumulation. Eur. J. Immunol. 37 (2007) 3069-3077
46. Ostiguy V., et al. IL-21 promotes T lymphocyte survival by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling cascade. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82 (2007) 645-656
47. Barker B.R., et al. IL-21 induces apoptosis of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 179 (2007) 3596-3603
48. Kasaian M.T., et al. IL-21 limits NK cell responses and promotes antigen-specific T cell activation: a mediator of the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. Immunity 16 (2002) 559-569
49. Wang G., et al. In vivo antitumor activity of interleukin 21 mediated by natural killer cells. Cancer Res. 63 (2003) 9016-9022
50. Spolski R., and Leonard W.J. Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for Cancer and autoimmunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26 (2008) 57-79