Glucose oxidase: Natural occurrence, function, properties and industrial applications

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 78, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 927-938

  Wong, Chun Ming ^a   Wong, Kwun Hei ^b   Chen, Xiao Dong ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b NONE   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Additive; Aspergillus niger; Enzyme; Food processing; Functions; Glucose oxidase; Industrial applications; Occurrence; Properties

Indexed keywords

ADDITIVES; CATALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; FOOD PROCESSING; GLYCOPROTEINS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; REACTION KINETICS;

ASPERGILLUS NIGER; DRY EGG POWDER PRODUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY;

GLUCOSE OXIDASE;

GLUCOSE OXIDASE;

ENZYME ACTIVITY; FOOD PROCESSING; FUNGUS; OXIDATION; PROTEIN;

CATALYSIS; FOOD PRESERVATION; FOOD PROCESSING; INDUSTRY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SHORT SURVEY;

ANIMALS; ASPERGILLUS NIGER; BIOELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCES; BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; FOOD INDUSTRY; GLUCONATES; GLUCOSE OXIDASE; INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY; INSECTS; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY;

ASPERGILLUS NIGER; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); FUNGI; HEXAPODA;

EID: 43549095197     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1407-4     Document Type: Short Survey

References (158)

1. AbuSara NF (2006) Honey as antimicrobial agent. Waikato Honey Research Unit, The University of Waikato, New Zealand
2. Arora MB, Hestekin JA, Snyder SW, St. Martin EJ, Lin YJ, Donnelly MI, Millard CS (2007) The separative bioreactor: a continuous separation process for the simultaneous production and direct capture of organic acids. Sep Sci Technol 42:2519-2538
3. BACAS (2004) Industrial biotechnology and sustainable chemistry. Royal Belgian Academy Council of Applied Science, Belgium
4. Bao J, Furumoto K, Fukunaga K, Nakao K (2001) A kinetic study on air oxidation of glucose catalyzed by immobilized glucose oxidase for production of calcium gluconate. Biochem Eng J 8:91-102
5. Bao J, Furumoto K, Yoshimoto M, Fukunaga K, Nakao K (2003) Competitive inhibition by hydrogen peroxide produced in glucose oxidation catalyzed by glucose oxidase. Biochem Eng J 13:69-72
6. Bataillard P, Steffgen E, Haemmerli S, Manz A, Widmer HM (1993) An integrated silicon thermopile as biosensor for the thermal monitoring of glucose, urea and penicillin. Biosens Bioelectron 8:89-98
7. Bergmeyer HU, Jaworek D (1976) Process for the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid. US Patent 3935071
8. Biotene (2006) Biotene: dry mouth therapy by laclede. Available: http://www.laclede.com/products/toothpaste.asp. Accessed 2006 Dec
9. Blais BW, Yamazaki H (1992) A simple and inexpensive glucose oxidase substrate system for enzyme immunoassay. Immunol Invest 21:581-588
10. Bohmhammel K, Huttl R, Pritzkat K, Wolf G (1993a) Calorimetric investigations into enzyme catalysed glucose oxidation. Thermochim Acta 217:1-7
11. Bohmhammel K, Huttl R, Pritzkat K, Wolf G (1993b) Thermokinetic investigations into enzyme catalysed glucose oxidation. Thermochim Acta 217:9-18
12. Bright HJ, Appleby M (1969) The pH dependence of the individual steps in the glucose oxidase reaction. J Biol Chem 244:3625-3634
13. Brookes GC, Neville, Kniel B (2005) An analysis of labelling requirements, market dynamics and cost implications. The Global GM Market-implications for the European food chain. UK: PG Economics Limited
14. Brown JQ, McShane MJ (2006) Modeling of spherical fluorescent glucose microsensor systems: design of enzymatic smart tattoos. Biosens Bioelectron 21:1760-1769
15. Brown JQ, Srivastava R, McShane MJ (2005) Encapsulation of glucose oxidase and an oxygen-quenched fluorophore in polyelectrolyte-coated calcium alginate microspheres as optical glucose sensor systems. Biosens Bioelectron 21:212-216
16. Brown JQ, Srivastava R, Zhu H, McShane MJ (2006) Enzymatic fluorescent microsphere glucose sensors: evaluation of response under dynamic conditions. Diabetes Technol Ther 8:288-295
17. Bullen RA, Arnot TC, Lakeman JB, Walsh FC (2006) Biofuel cells and their development. Biosens Bioelectron 21:2015-2045
18. Buschle-Diller G, Radhakrishnaiah R, Freeman H, Zeronian SH (2002) Environmentally benign preparatory processes-introducing a closed-loop system C99-AE07. NTC Project: C99-AE07 (formerly C99-A07). Auburn University Samuel Ginn College of Engineering. 10 p
19. CalabreseBarton S, Gallaway J, Atanassov P (2004) Enzymatic biofuel cells for implantable and microscale devices. Chemical Review 35:4867-4886
20. Candy DJ (1979) Glucose oxidase and other enzymes of hydrogen peroxide metabolism from cuticle of Schistocerca americana gregaria. Insect Biochem 9:661-665
21. Chen T, Barton SC, Binyamin G, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Kim HH, Heller A (2001) A miniature biofuel cell. J Am Chem Soc 123:8630-8631
22. Clark JR (1995) Method of geochemical prospecting. US patent 5385827
23. Clark JR (1996) Leach solution containing glucose, galactose, catalase, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, ascorbic acid and water soluble metal cyanides and halides. US Patent 5491078
24. Codex Alimentarius Commission (2007a) Glucono delta-lactone (575). Food additive details. Updated up to the 30th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2007) ed: Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) Online Database
25. Codex Alimentarius Commission (2007b) Glucose oxidase (Aspergillus niger var.) (1102). Food additive details. Updated up to the 30th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2007) ed: Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) Online Database
26. Corriher S (2001) Yeast's crucial roles in breadbaking. Fine Cooking 43:80-81
27. Coulthard CE, Michaelis R, Short WF, Sykes G (1945) Notatin: an anti-bacterial glucose-aerodehydrogenase from Penicillium notatum Westling and Penicillium resticulosum sp. nov. Biochem J 39:24-36
28. Davis F, Higson SPJ (2006) Biofuel cells-recent advances and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 22:1224-1235
29. Davis JB, Yarbrough HF Jr (1962) Preliminary experiments on a microbial fuel cell. Sci Mag 137:615-616
30. Desai A, Verma S, Mitchison TJ, Walczak CE (1999) Kin I kinesins are microtubule-destabilizing enzymes. Cell 96:69-78
31. Dobbenie D, Uyttendaele M, Debevere J (1995) Antibacterial activity of the glucose oxidase/glucose system in liquid whole egg. J Food Protect 58:273-279
32. Dondero M, Egana W, Tarky W, Cifuentes A, Torres JA (1993) Glucose oxidase/Cqtalase improves preservation of shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi). J Food Sci 58:774-779
33. Dosch M, Weller MG, Bückmann AF, Niessner R (1998) Homogeneous immunoassay for the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) based on the reactivation of apoglucose oxidase using a novel FAD-trinitrotoluene conjugate. Fresen J Anal Chem 361:174-178
34. Edlich W, Lorenz G, Lyr H, Nega E, Pommer EH (1989) New aspects on the infection mechanism of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Eur J Plant Pathol 95:53-62
35. Eichenseer H, Mathews MC, Bi JL, Murphy JB, Felton GW (1999) Salivary glucose oxidase: multifunctional roles for Helicoverpa zea? Arch Insect Biochem 42:99-109
36. Enzyme Technical Association (2001) Enzymes A Primer on use and benefits today and tomorrow
37. Eremin AN, Makarenko MV, Zhukovskaia LA, RV M (2006) Isolation and characterization of extracellular glucose oxidase from Penicillium adametzii LF F-2044.1. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 42:345-352
38. EuropaBio, ESAB (2005) Input to the SusChem strategic research agenda. Industrial or White Biotechnology
39. FDA/CFSAN (2002a) Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000106
40. FDA/CFSAN (2002b) Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000089
41. Fiedurek J, Gromada A (1997) Screening and mutagenesis of molds for improvement of the simultaneous production of catalase and glucose oxidase. Enzyme Microb Tech 20:344-347
42. Field CE, Pivarnik LF, Barnett SM, Rand AG (1986) Utilization of glucose oxidase for extending the shelf-life of fish. J Food Sci 51:66-70
43. Figoni PI (2003) Bleaching and maturing agents. How baking works: exploring the fundamentals of baking science, Wiley, 1st edn, pp 71 ISBN 0-471-26856-9
44. Food standards Australia New Zealand (2002) Final assessment report. Application A404-Lactoperoxidase system
45. Fox PF, Stepaniak L (1993) Enzymes in cheese technology. Int Dairy J 3:509-530
46. Franziska Hanft PK (2006) Studies on the effect of glucose oxidase in bread making. J Sci Food Agr 86:1699-1704
47. Gary JP (2000) Low- and reduced-alcohol wine: a review. J Wine Res 11:129-144
48. Gerd W, Svetlana T, Jasmina Z, Draginja P, Vladimir L (2004) The chemical mechanism of action of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Mol Cell Biochem 260:69-83
49. Giampietro O, Pilo A, Buzzigoli G, Boni C, Navalesi R (1982) Four methods for glucose assay compared for various glucose concentrations and under different clinical conditions. Clin Chem 28:2405-2407
50. Gibson QH, Swoboda BEP, Massey V (1964) Kinetics and mechanism of action of glucose oxidase. J Biol Chem 239:3927-3934
51. Godjevargova T, Turmanova RDS (2004) Gluconic acid production in bioreactor with immobilized glucose oxidase plus catalase on polymer membrane adjacent to anion-exchange membrane. Macromol Biosci 4:950-956
52. Goldberg RN, Tewari YB, Bhat TN (2004) Thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions-a database for quantitative biochemistry. Bioinformatics 20:2874-2877
53. Goodsell DS (2006) Glucose oxidase. Molecule of the month: PCSB Protein Data Bank
54. Gouda MD, Singh SA, Rao AGA, Thakur MS, Karanth NG (2003) Thermal inactivation of glucose oxidase. J Biol Chem 278:24324-24333
55. Hamlyn P (2000) Bringing the benefits of biotechnology to textiles and clothing. Symposium on Biotechnology in the Textile Industry. Available: http://fungus.org.uk/cv/biotexnet_8.htm. Accessed 2007 Dec
56. Harborn U, Xie B, Venkatesh R, Danielsson B (1997) Evaluation of a miniaturized thermal biosensor for the determination of glucose in whole blood. Clin Chim Acta 267:225-237
57. Hatzinikolaou DG, Hansen OC, Macris BJ, Tingey A, Kekos D, Goodenough P, Stougaard P (1996) A new glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger: characterization and regulation studies of enzyme and gene. Appl Microbiol Biot 46:371-381
58. Huttl R, Bohmhammel K, Pritzkat K, Wolf G (1993) Problems associated with using thermal measurement principles in enzymatic reactions. Thermochim Acta 229:205-213
59. Isaksen A, Adler-Nissen J (1997) Antioxidative effect of glucose oxidase and catalase in mayonnaises of different oxidative susceptibility. I. Product trials. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 30:841-846
60. Johnson JL, London RE, Rajagopalan KV (1989) Covalently bound phosphate residues in bovine milk xanthine oxidase and in glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger: a reevaluation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:6493-6497
61. Kang S-O, Shin K-S, Han Y-H, Youn H-D, Hah YC (1993) Purification and characterisation of an extracellular peroxidase from white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochim Biophys Acta 1163:158-164
62. Kantt CA, Bouzas J, Dondero M, Torres JA (1993) Glucose oxidase/catalase solution for on-board control of shrimp microbial spoilage: model studies. J Food Sci 58:104-107
63. 2 biofuel cell by bioengineered electrode surfaces. J Electroanal Chem 479:64-68
64. Keilin D, Hartree EF (1947) Properties of glucose oxidase (Notatin). Biochem J 42:221
65. Kim KK, Fravel DR, GC P (1990) Glucose oxidase as the antifungal principle of talaron from Talaromyces flavus. Can J Microbiol 36:760-764
66. Kirk O, Borchert TV, Fuglsang CC (2002) Industrial enzyme applications. Curr Opin Biotech 13:345-351
67. Kleppet K (1966) The effect of hydrogen peroxide on glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochemistry 5:139-143
68. Klinman J (2007) How do enzymes activate oxygen without inactivating themselves? Acc Chem Res 40:325-333
69. Klonoff DC (2005) A review of continuous glucose monitoring technology. Diabetes Technol Ther 7:770-775
70. Kriechbaum M, Heilmann HJ, Wientges FJ, Hahn M, Jany K-D, Gassen HG et al (1989) Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger NRRL-3. FEBS Lett 255:63-66
71. Labuza TP, Breene WM (1989) Applications of "Active packaging" for improvement of shelf-life and nutritional quality of fresh and extended shelf-life foods 1. J Food Process Pres 13:1-69
72. Lantero OJ, Shetty JK (2004) Process for the preparation of gluconic acid and gluconic acid produced thereby. US Patent 2004/77062 A1
73. Leiter E, Marx F, Pusztahelyi T, Haas H, Pocsi I (2004) Penicillium chrysogenum glucose oxidase-a study on its antifungal effects. J Appl Microbiol 97:1201-1209
74. Leskovac V, Trivic S, Wohlfahrt G, Kandrac J, Pericin D (2005) Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger: the mechanism of action with molecular oxygen, quinones, and one-electron acceptors. Int J Biochem 37:731-750
75. Liu S, Oeljeklaus S, Gerhardt B, Tudzynski B (1998) Purification and characterization of glucose oxidase of Botrytis cinerea. Mol Plant Pathol 53:123-132
76. Low N, Jiang Z, Ooraikul B, Dokhani S, Palcic MM (1989) Reduction of glucose content in potatoes with glucose oxidase. J Food Sci 54:118-121
77. Magnuson JK, Lasure LL (2004) Organic acid production by filamentous fungi. In: Tkacz J, Lange L (eds) Advances in fungal bio/technology for industry, agriculture and medicine. Springer, Berlin, pp 307-340
78. Malherbe DF, Toit Md, Otero RRC, Rensburg Pv, Pretorius IS (2003) Expression of the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its potential applications in wine production. Appl Microbiol Biot 61:502-511
79. Marks NE, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ (2001) Challenge testing of the lactoperoxidase system in pasteurized milk. J Appl Microbiol 91:735-741
80. Massa S, Petruccioli M, Brocchi GF, Altieri C, Sinigaglia M, Spano G (2001) Growth inhibition by glucose oxidase system of enterotoxic Escherichia coli and Salmonella derby: in vitro studies. World J Microb Biot 17:287-291
81. McLeod R, Ough CS (1970) Some recent studies with glucose oxidase in wine. Am J Enol Vitic 21:54-60
82. Megazyme (2003) Glucose oxidase/catalase mixture. Available: http://secure.megazyme.com/downloads/en/data/E-GOXCA.pdf. Accessed 2008 Jan
83. Mello LD, Kubota LT (2002) Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries. Food Chem 77:237-256
84. Merkx-Jacques M, Bede JC (2004) Caterpillar salivary enzymes: "eliciting" a response. Phytoprotection 85:33-37
85. Merkx-Jacques M, Bede JC (2005) Influence of diet on the larval beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, glucose oxidase activity. J Insect Sci 5:1-9
86. Michael M, Gerd W, Jörg K, Dietmar S (1998) Aspects of the mechanism of catalysis of glucose oxidase: a docking, molecular mechanics and quantum chemical study. J Comput Aided Mol Des 12:425-440
87. Miron J, Gonzalez MP, Vazquez JA, Pastrana L, Murado MA (2004) A mathematical model for glucose oxidase kinetics, including inhibitory, deactivant and diffusional effects, and their interactions. Enzmye Microb Tech 34:513-522
88. Moore MM, Chen T (2006) Mutagenicity of bromate: implications for cancer risk assessment. Toxicology 221:190-196
89. Muehlbauer MJ, Guilbeau EJ, Towe BC (1989) Model for a thermoelectric enzyme glucose sensor. Anal Chem 61:77-83
90. Muller D (1928) Oxidation von Glukose mit Extrakten aus Aspegillus niger. Biochem Z 199:136-170
91. Murray FR, Llewellyn DJ, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES (1997) Isolation of the glucose oxidase gene from Talaromyces flavus and characterisation of its role in the biocontrol of Verticillium dahliae. Curr Genet 32:367-375
92. Musser RO, Hum-Musser SM, Eichenseer H, Peiffer M, Ervin G, Murphy JB, Felton GW (2002) Herbivory: caterpillar saliva beats plant defences. Nature 416:599-600
93. Musser RO, Cipollini DF, Hum-Musser SM, Williams SA, Brown JK, Felton GW (2005) Evidence that the caterpillar salivary enzyme glucose oxidase provides herbivore offense in solanaceous plants. Arch Insect Biochem 58:128-137
94. Nakamura S, Fujiki S (1968) Comparative studies on the glucose oxidases of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense. J Biochem 63:51-58
95. Nakamura S, Ogura Y (1968a) Mode of inhibition of glucose oxidase by metal ions. J Biochem 64:439-447
96. Nakamura S, Ogura Y (1968b) Action mechanism of glucose oxidase of Aspergillus niger. J Biochem 63:308-316
97. Nakao K, Kiefner A, Furumoto K, Harada T (1997) Production of gluconic acid with immobilized glucose oxidase in airlift reactors. Chem Eng Sci 52:4127-4133
98. National Library of Medicine (2007a) Brand name: pet gold tartar control toothpaste for dogs & cats. Household Products Database
99. National Library of Medicine (2007b) Brand name: burts bees, baby bee buttermilk lotion for sensitive skin. Household Products Database
100. Newman JD, Turner APF (2005) Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective. Biosens Bioelectron 20:2435-2453
101. Ohashi K, Natori S, Kubo T (1999) Expression of amylase and glucose oxidase in the hypopharyngeal gland with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Eur J Biochem 265:127-133
102. Park S, Boo H, Chung TD (2006) Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Anal Chim Acta 556:46-57
103. Parpinello G, Chinnici F, Versari A, Riponi C (2002) Preliminary study on glucose oxidase-catalase enzyme system to control the browning of apple and pear purées. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 35:239-243
104. Pazur JH, Kleppe K (1964) The oxidation of glucose and related compounds by glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochemistry 3:578-583
105. Pei J, Tian F, Thundat T (2004) Glucose biosensor based on the microcantilever. Anal Chem 76:292-297
106. Pfreundschuh M, Lehmann M, Steinmetz T, Kirchner HH, Diehl V (1988) Monoclonal glucose-oxidase-anti-glucose-oxidase (GAG) immunosandwich assay for the detection of monoclonal antibodies on routine hematological smears. Ann Hematol 56:125-130
107. Pickering GJ, Heatherbell DA, Barnes MF (1998) Optimising glucose conversion in the production of reduced alcohol wine using glucose oxidase. Food Res Int 31:685-692
108. Pickering GJ, Heatherbell DA, Barnes MF (1999a) The production of reduced-alcohol wine using glucose oxidase treated juice. Part I. Composition. Am J Enol Vitic 50:291-298
109. 2-binding. Am J Enol Vitic 50:299-306
110. Pickering GJ, Heatherbell DA, Barnes MF (1999c) The production of reduced-alcohol wine using glucose oxidase-treated juice. Part III. Sensory. Am J Enol Vitic 50:307-316
111. Pickup JC, Hussain F, Evans ND, Rolinski OJ, Birch DJS (2005) Fluorescence-based glucose sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 20:2555-2565
112. Porter DD, Porter HG (1984) A glucose oxidase immunoenzyme stain for the detection of viral antigen or antibody on nitrocellulose transfer blots. J Immunol Methods 72:1-9
113. Pramod K (1999) Liquid laundry detergents containing stabilized glucose/glucose oxidase as hydrogen peroxide generation system. European Patent EP 0603931B1
114. Pulci V, D'Ovidio R, Petruccioli M, Federici F (2004) The glucose oxidase of Penicillium variabile P16: gene cloning, sequencing and expression. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:233-238
115. Ramachandran S, Fontanille P, Pandey A, Larroche C (2006) Gluconic acid: properties, applications and microbial production. Food Technol Biotech 44:185-195
116. Ramanathan K, Danielsson B (2001) Principles and applications of thermal biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 16:417-423
117. Ramasamy K, Kelley RL, CA R (1985) Lack of lignin degradation by glucose oxidase-negative mutants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 131:436-441
118. Rando D, Kohring GW, Giffhorn F (1997) Production, purification and characterization of glucose oxidase from a newly isolated strain of Penicillium pinophilum. Appl Microbiol Biot 48:34-40
119. Rasiah IA, Sutton KH, Low FL, Lin HM, Gerrard JA (2005) Crosslinking of wheat dough proteins by glucose oxidase and the resulting effects on bread and croissants. Food Chem 89:325-332
120. Rathlev T (1983) Glucose oxidase immunohistochemical detection of antinuclear antibodies. PCT Patent WO 1983/000877 A1
121. Salmon S, Shi C, Liu J (2006) Treatment of fabrics, fibers, or yarns. US Patent 2006/42020 A1
122. Sandholm M, Ali-Vehmas T, Kaartinen L, Junnila M (1988) Glucose oxidase (GOD) as a source of hydrogen peroxide for the lactoperoxidase (LPO) system in milk: antibacterial effect of the GOD-LPO system against mastitis pathogens. J Vet Med B 35:346-352
123. Santos KS, Delazari dos Santos L, Anita Mendes M, Monson de Souza B, Malaspina O, Palma MS (2005) Profiling the proteome complement of the secretion from hypopharyngeal gland of Africanized nurse-honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Insect Biochem Molec 35:85-91
124. Seifu E, Buys EM, Donkin EF (2005) Significance of the lactoperoxidase system in the dairy industry and its potential applications: a review. Trends Food Sci Tech 16:137-154
125. Shin K-S, Youn H-D, Han Y-H, Kang S-O, Hah YC (1993) Purification and characterisation of d-glucose oxidase from white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Eur J Biochem 215:747-752
126. Simpson C (2006) Isolation, purification and characterization of a novel glucose oxidase from Penicillium canescens Tt42: Rhodes University
127. Singh OV, Kapur N, Singh RP (2005) Evaluation of agro-food byproducts for gluconic acid production by Aspergillus niger ORS-4.410. World J Microb Biot 21:519-524
128. Sisak C, Csanadi Z, Ronay E, Szajani B (2006) Elimination of glucose in egg white using immobilized glucose oxidase. Enzyme Microb Tech 39:1002-1007
129. Solomon B, Lotan N, Katchalski-Katzir E (1977) Enzymic activity and conformational properties of native and crosslinked glucose oxidase. Biopolymers 16:1837-1851
130. Sukhacheva MV, Davydova ME, Netrusov AI (2004) Production of Penicillium funiculosum 433 glucose oxidase and its properties. Appl Biochem Micro 40:25-29
131. Swoboda BEP, Massey V (1965) Purification and properties of the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. J Biol Chem 240:2209-2215
132. Terry LA, White SF, Tigwell LJ (2005) The application of biosensors to fresh produce and the wider food industry. J Agric Food Chem 53:1309-1316
133. The Freedonia Group (2007) World Enzymes to 2011-Demand and Sales Forecasts, Market Share, Market Size, Market Leaders
134. Tiina M, Sandholm M (1989) Antibacterial effect of the glucose oxidase-glucose system on food-poisoning organisms. Int J Food Microbiol 8:165-174
135. Toren EC, Burger FJ (1968) Trace determination of metal ion inhibitors of the glucose-glucose oxidase system. Microchim Acta 56:538-545
136. Tsai YC, Li SC, Chen JM (2005) Cast thin film biosensor design based on a Nafion backbone, a multiwalled carbon nanotube conduit, and a glucose oxidase function. Langmuir 21:3653-3658
137. Tsuge H, Natsuaki O, Ohashi K (1975) Purification, properties, and molecular features of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. J Biochem 78:835-843
138. Tzanov T, Costa SA, Gubitz GM, Cavaco-Paulo A (2002) Hydrogen peroxide generation with immobilized glucose oxidase for textile bleaching. J Biotechnol 93:87-94
139. Uppoor R, Niebergall P, James E (2001) The antioxidant system b-d(+) glucose-glucose oxidase-catalase: tests for pyrogenicity and antigenicity. Pharm Dev Technol 6:31-38
140. Vamvakaki V, Tsagaraki K, Chaniotakis N (2006) Carbon nanofiber-based glucose biosensor. Anal Chem 78:5538-5542
141. Vemulapalli V, Hoseney RC (1998) Glucose oxidase effects on gluten and water solubles. Cereal Chem 75:859-862
142. Vemulapalli V, Miller KA, Hoseney RC (1998) Glucose oxidase in breadmaking systems. Cereal Chem 75:439-442
143. Vroemen AJ, Beverini M (1999) Enzymatic production of gluconic acid or its salts. US patent 5897995
144. Weibel MK, Dodge C (1975) Biochemical fuel cell-demonstration of an obligatory pathway involving an external circuit for the enzymatically catalyzed aerobic oxidation of glucose. Arch Biochem Biophys 169:146-151
145. Wilkins E, Atanasov P (1996) Glucose monitoring: state of the art and future possibilities. Med Eng Phys 18:273-288
146. Willner I, Katz E, Patolsky F, Bückmannb AF (1998) Biofuel cell based on glucose oxidase and microperoxidase-11 monolayer-functionalized electrodes. J Chem Soc Perkins Trans 2:1817-1822
147. Wilson GS, Hu Y (2000) Enzyme-based biosensors for in vivo measurements. Chem Rev 100:2693-2704
148. Wilson R, Turner APF (1992) Glucose oxidase: an ideal enzyme. Biosens Bioelectron 7:165-185
149. Witteveen CFB, Veenhuis M, Visser J (1992) Localization of glucose oxidase and catalase activities in Aspergillus niger. Appl Environ Microb 58:1190-1194
150. Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J, Schomburg D, Kalisz HM, Hecht H-J (1999) 1.8 and 1.9 A resolution structures of the Penicillium amagasakiense and Aspergillus niger glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling substrate complexes. Acta Crystallogr D 55:969-977
151. 2-generating glucose oxidase in transgenic potato plants. Plant Cell 7:1357-1368
152. Yahiro AT, Lee SM, Kimble DO (1964) Bioelectrochemistry: I. Enzyme utilizing bio-fuel cell studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 88:375-383
153. Yang X, Zhou Z, Xiao D, Choi MMF (2006) A fluorescent glucose biosensor based on immobilized glucose oxidase on bamboo inner shell membrane. Biosens Bioelectron 21:1613-1620
154. Yoo W, Rand AG (1995) Antibacterial effect of glucose oxidase on growth of Pseudomonas fragi as related to pH. J Food Sci 60:868-871
155. Yu RJ, Scott EV (1997) Method of using gluconic acid or gluconolactone for treating wrinkles. US Patent 5,677,340
156. Zhang Y, Tadigadapa S (2004) Calorimetric biosensors with integrated microfluidic channels. Biosens Bioelectron 19:1733-1743
157. Zhu Z, Momeu C, Zakhartsev M, Schwaneberg U (2006) Making glucose oxidase fit for biofuel cell applications by directed protein evolution. Biosens Bioelectron 21:2046-2051
158. Zong N, Wang C (2004) Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars. Chinese Sci Bull 49:1596-1601