Glacio-epochs and the supercontinent cycle after ∼ 3.0 Ga: Tectonic boundary conditions for glaciation

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 258, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 89-129

  Eyles, Nick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Archean; Earth's glacial record; Proterozoic and Phanerozoic glacio epochs; Rifting; Tectonically created topography

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONTINENTAL BREAKUP; COOLING; EOCENE; FRASNIAN-FAMENNIAN BOUNDARY; GLACIAL DEPOSIT; GLACIATION; GLACIOTECTONICS; GONDWANA; ICE SHEET; MIOCENE; PALEOTOPOGRAPHY; RIFTING; RODINIA;

AFRICA; EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; NORTHERN EUROPE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 38649099075     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.09.021     Document Type: Review

References (468)

1. Alene M., Jenkin G.R.T., Leng M.J., and Darbyshire D.P.F. The Tambien Group, Ethiopia: an early Cryogenian (ca. 800-735 Ma) Neoproterozoic sequence in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Precambrian Research 147 (2006) 79-99
2. Allen P.A. Snowball Earth on trial. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union 87 45 (2006) 495
3. Allen P.A. Reply to comment on snowball Earth. Eos Transactions AGU 88 9 (2007) 110
4. Allen P.A. The Huqf Supergroup of Oman: basin development and context for Neoproterozoic glaciation. Earth Science Reviews 84 (2007) 139-185
5. Allen P.A., Leather J., and Brasier M.D. The Neoproterozoic Fiq glaciation and its aftermath: Huqf Supergroup of Oman. Basin Research 16 (2004) 507-535
6. Alley N.F., and Frakes L.A. First known Cretaceous glaciation: Livingston Tillite Member of the Cadna-owie Formation. South Australia 50 (2003) 139-144
7. Anderson J.B. Antarctic Marine Geology (1999), Cambridge University Press 289 pp.
8. Andrews J.T. Abrupt changes (Heinrich events) in Late Quaternary North Atlantic marine environments: a history and review of data and concepts. Journal of Quaternary Science 13 (1998) 3016
9. Angiolini L., Balini M., Garzanti E., Nicora A., and Tintori R. Gondwanan deglaciation and opening of Neotethys: the Al Khlata and Saiwan formations of interior Oman. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 196 (2003) 99-123
10. Armstrong H.A. High-resolution biostratigraphy (conodonts and graptolites) of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian-evaluation of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Modern Geology 20 (1995) 41-68
11. Armstrong H.A., Turner B.R., Makhlouf I.M., Weedon G.P., Williams M., Al Smadi A., and Salah A. Origin, sequence stratigraphy and depositional environment of upper Ordovician deglacial black shale, Jordan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (2005) 273-290
12. Arnaud E. Giant cross-beds in the Neoproterozoic Port Askaig Formation, Scotland: implications for snowball Earth. Sedimentary Geology 165 (2004) 155-176
13. Arnaud E., and Eyles C.H. Catastrophic mass failure of a Neoproterozoic glacially influenced continental margin, the Great Breccia, Port Askaig Formation, Scotland. Sedimentary Geology 151 (2002) 313-333
14. Arnaud E., and Eyles C.H. Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway. Sedimentology 49 (2002) 765-788
15. Arnaud E., and Eyles C.H. Neoproterozoic environmental change recorded in the Port Askaig Formation, Scotland; climatic vs. tectonic controls: Sedimentary Geology 183 (2006) 99-124
16. Astini R.A. The late Ordovician glaciation in the Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana revisited: geodynamic implications. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica 43 (1999) 171-173
17. Averbuch A., Treboviallard N., Devleesschouwer X., Riquier L., Mistiaen B., and van Vliet-Lanoe B. Mountain building enhanced continental weathering and organic carbon burial as major causes for climatic cooling at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary (c. 376 Ma)?. Terra Nova 17 (2005) 25-34
18. Azmy K., Kaufman A.J., Misi A., and Oliveira T.F. Isotope stratigraphy of the Lapa Formation, São Francisco Basin, Brazil: implications for Late Neoproterozoic glacial events in South America. Precambrian Research 149 (2006) 231-248
19. Bada J.L., Bigham C., and Miller S.L. Impact melting of frozen oceans on the early Earth: implications for the origin of life. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA. 91 (1994) 1248-1250
20. Ballantyne A.P., Rybczynski N., Baker P.A., Harington C.R., and White D. Pliocene Arctic temperature constraints from the growth rings and isotopic composition of fossil larch. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 242 (2006) 188-200
21. Bangert B., Stollhofen H., Lorenz V., and Armstrong R. The geochronology and significance of ash-fall tuffs in the glaciogenic Carboniferous-Permian Dwyka group of Namibia and South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 29 (1999) 33-49
22. Bartley J.K., Semikhatov M.A., Kaufman A.J., Knoll A.J., Pope M., and Jacobsen S.B. Global events across the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic boundary: C and Sr isotopic evidence from Siberia. Precambrian Research 111 (2001) 165-202
23. Baum S., and Crowley T. GCM Response to late Precambrian (- 590 Ma) ice-covered continents. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 583-586
24. 2 levels during Permo-Carboniferous glaciation inferred from fossil lycopsids. Proceedings National Academy of Science 99 (2002) 12567-12571
25. Bekker A., Kaufman A.J., Karhu J.A., Beukes N.J., Swart Q.D., Coetzee L.L., and Eriksson K.A. Chemostratigraphy of the Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation, South Africa: implications for coupled climate change and carbon cycling. American Journal of Science 301 (2001) 261-285
26. Bekker A., Kaufman A.J., Karhu J.A., and Eriksson K.A. Evidence for Paleoproterozoic cap carbonates in North America. Precambrian Research 137 (2005) 167-206
27. Bekker A., Karhu J.A., and Kaufman A.J. Carbon isotope record for the onset of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion in the Great Lakes area. North America Precambrian Research 148 (2006) 145-180
28. Benn D.I., and Evans D.J.A. Glaciers and Glaciation (1998), Arnold 734 pp.
29. Berner R.A. The long-term carbon cycle, fossil fuels and atmospheric composition. Nature 426 (2003) 323-326
30. Berthelin M., Broutin J., and Fluteau F. A Permo-Carboniferous episode in Oman: palynostratigraphy of the Permo-Carboniferous glaciolacustrine Al-Khlata Formation. Geophysical Research Abstracts 9 (2007) 11231
31. Beuf S., Biju-Duval B., De Charpal O., Rognon P., Gabriel O., and Bennacef A. Les gres du Paleozoique inferieur au Sahara. Sedimentation et discontinuities: Evolution structurale d'un craton. Publication Institute Francaise Petrole 18 (1971) 464 pp
32. Bingen B., Griffin W.L., Torsvik T.H., and Saeed A. Timing of late Neoproterozoic glaciation on Baltica constrained by detrital zircon geochronology in the Hedmark Group, south-east Norway. Terra Nova 17 (2005) 250-258
33. Bleeker W. Archean tectonics: a review with illustrations from the Slave craton. In: Fowler C., et al. (Ed). The Early Earth: Physical Chemical and Biological Development (2002), Geological Society of London 151-182 Special Publication No. 199
34. Blendinger W., Van Vliet A., and Hughes Clarke M.W. Updoming, rifting and continental margin development during the Late Palaeozoic in northern Oman. In: Robertson A.H.F., Searle M.P., and Ries A.C. (Eds). The Geology and Tectonics of the Oman Region 49 (1990), Geological Society, London, Special Publication 27-37
35. Boelhouwers J.C., and Meiklejohn K.I. Quaternary periglacial and glacial geomorphology of southern Africa: review and synthesis. South African Journal of Science 98 (2002) 47-54
36. Bonorino G., and Eyles N. Inverse relationship between ice extent and deposit extent during late Paleozoic glaciation of Gondwana. Geology v. 23 (1995) 1015-1018
37. Bott M.H.P. Mechanisms of rifting: geodynamic modelling of continental rift systems. In: Olsen K. (Ed). Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics 25 (1995), Elsevier, Developments in Geotectonics 27-46
38. Boulton G.S., Van der Meer J.J., Hart J., Beets D., Ruegg G.H.J., Van der Watern F.M., and Jarvis J. Moraine emplacement in a deforming bed surge - an example from a marine environment. Quaternary Science Reviews 15 (1996) 961-987
39. Bowring S., and Condon D. Sequencing the Neoproterozoic: The importance of high precision geochronology (2006), Abstracts: Snowball Earth 2006, Monte Verita, Switzerland July 16-21
40. Bowring S., Myrow P., Landing E., Ramezani J., and Grotzinger J. Geochronological constraints on terminal Neoproterozoic events and the rise of metazoans. Geophysical Research Abstracts 5 (2003) 13,219
41. Brand U., Azmy K., and Veizer J. Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancaniri, glacial and Ireviken biotic events: biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Silurian succession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241 (2006) 192-213
42. Brasier M.D., and Lindsay J.F. A billion years of environmental stability and the emergence of eukaryotes; new data from Australia. Geology 26 (1998) 555-558
43. Brasier M.D., Green O.R., Jephcoat A.P., Kleppe A.K., Van Kranendonk J.F., and Lindsay J.F. Questioning the evidence for the Earth's oldest fossils. Nature 416 (2002) 76-81
44. Braun J., and Beaumont C. A physical explanation of the relationship between rift flank uplift and the breakup unconformity at rifted continental margins. Geology 17 (1989) 760-764
45. Brenchley P.J. End Ordovician glaciation. In: Webby B.D., Paris F., Droser M.L., and Percival I.G. (Eds). The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (2004), Columbia University Press 81-83
46. Brenchley P.J., Carden G.A.F., and Marshall J.D. Environmental changes associated with the 'first strike' of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Modern Geology 20 (1995) 69-82
47. Brenchley P.J., Carden G.A.F., Hinta L., Kaljo D., Marshall J.D., Martma T., Meidla T., and Nolvak J. High-resolution stable isotopic stratigraphy of upper Ordovician sequences: constraints on the timing of bioevents and environmental changes associated with mass extinction and glaciation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 (2003) 89-104
48. Brewer T.S., Ahall K.I., Darbyshire D.P.F., and Menuge J.F. Geochemistry of late Mesoproterozoic volcanism in southwestern Scandinavia: implications for Sveconorwegian/Grenvillian plate tectonic models. Journal of the Geological Society 159 (2002) 129-144
49. Broecker W.S. Abrupt climate change: causal constraints provided by the paleoclimate record. Earth Science Reviews 51 (2000) 137-154
50. Brown R.W.K., Gallagher K., Gleadow A., and Summerfield M.A. Morphotectonic evolution of the South Atlantic margins of Africa and South America. In: Summerfield M.A. (Ed). Geomorphology and Global Tectonics (2000), John Wiley 255-280
51. Buchardt B., Seaman P.G., Düwel L., Kristiansen R.M., Kristiansen A., Pedersen G.H., Stockmann G., Thorbjørn L., Vous M., Whiticar M.J., and Wilken U. Submarine columns of ikaite tufa. Nature 390 (1997)
52. Burgess P.M., Gurnis M., and Morest L. Formation of sequences in the cratonic interior of North America by interaction between mantle, eustatic and stratigraphic processes. Geological Society of America Bulletin 108 (1997) 1515-1535
53. Caldeira K., and Kasting J.F. Susceptibility of the early Earth to irreversible glaciation caused by carbon dioxide clouds. Nature 359 (1992) 226-228
54. Calver C.R., Black L.P., Everard J.L., and Seymour D.B. U-Pb zircon age constraints on late Neoproterozoic glaciation in Tasmania. Geology 32 (2004) 893-896
55. Calvert A.J., and Ludden J.N. Archean continental assembly in the southeastern Superior Province of Canada. Tectonics 18 (1999) 412-429
56. Caputo M.V. Ordovician-Silurian glaciation and global sea level changes. In: Landing E., and Johnson M.E. (Eds). Silurian Cycles-Linkages of Dynamic Stratigraphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic and Tectonic Changes (1998), New York State Museum 15-25
57. Catuneanu D., Hancox P.J., Cairncross B., and Rubidge B.S. Foredeep submarine fans and forebulge deltas; orogenic off-loading in the underfilled Karoo Basin. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 (2002) 503-522
58. Cawood P.A., and Pisarevsky S.A. Was Baltica right-way-up or upside-down in the Neoproterozoic?. Journal of the Geological Society 163 (2006) 753-759
59. Cecil, C.B., Edgar, N.T. (Eds.), 2003. Climate Controls on Stratigraphy. Society of Economic Paleontologists Special Publication 77. Tulsa, Oklahoma (275 pp.).
60. Chalmers J.A., and Cloetingh S. Neogene uplift and tectonics around the North Atlantic. Global and Planetary Change 24 (2000) 165-318
61. Chandler M., and Sohl L. Climate forcing and the initiation of low-latitude ice sheets during the Neoproterozoic Varanger glacial interval. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (2000) 20737-20756
62. Chen D.F., Dong W.Q., Zhu B.Q., and Chen X.P. Pb-Pb ages of Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites in South China: constraints on early metazoan evolution and glaciation events. Precambrian Research 132 (2004) 123-132
63. Christie-Blick N., Grotzinger J.P., and von der Borch C.C. Sequence stratigraphy in Proterozoic successions. Geology 16 (1988) 100-104
64. Christie-Blick N., Dyson I.A., and von der Borch C.C. Sequence stratigraphy and the interpretation of Neoproterozoic Earth history. Precambrian Research 73 (1995) 3-26
65. Chumakov N.M. Precambrian Tillites and Tilloids (1978), Nauka, Moscow 202 pp.
66. Chumakov N.M. Glacial events of the past and their geological significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 (1985) 319-346
67. Chumakov N.M., and Frakes L.A. Mode of origin of dispersed clasts in Jurassic shales, southern part of the Yana-Kolyma fold belt, North East Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 128 (1997) 77-85
68. Clapham M.E., and Corsetti F.A. Deep valley incision in the terminal Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) Johnnie Formation, eastern California, USA: tectonically or glacially driven?. Precambrian Research 141 (2005) 154-164
69. Clark C.D., Tulaczyk S.M., Stokes C.R., and Canals M. A groove ploughing theory for the production of megascale glacial lineations, and implications for ice stream mechanics. Journal of Glaciology 49 (2003) 240-256
70. Cocks L.R.M., and Torsvik T.H. European geography in a global context from the Vendian to the end of the Palaeozoic 32 (2006), Geological Society, London, Memoir 83-95
71. Condie K.C. The supercontinent cycle: are there two patterns of cyclicity?. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 (2002) 179-183
72. Condie K.C. Supercontinents, superplumes and continental growth; the Neoproterozoic record. In: Yoshida M., Windley B., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 206 (2002), Geological Society of London Special Publication 1-23
73. Condie K.C., Des Marais D.J., and Abbot D. Precambrian superplumes and supercontinents: a record in black shales, carbon isotopes, and paleoclimates. Precambrian Research 106 (2001) 239-260
74. Condon D., Prave A., and Benn D. Neoproterozoic glacial-rainout intervals: observations and implications. Geology 304 (2002) 35-38
75. Corsetti F.A., Kidder D.L., and Marenco P.J. Trends in oolite dolomitization across the Neoproterozoic boundary: a case study from Death Valley, California. Sedimentary Geology 191 (2006) 135-150
76. Corsetti F., Olcott A.N., and Bakermans C. The biotic response to Neoproterozic Snowball Earth. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 232 (2006) 114-130
77. Crowell J.C. Pre-Mesozoic Ice ages: their bearing on understanding the climate system. Geological Society of America Memoir 192 (1999) 106 pp
78. Crowley T., and Baum S. Effect of decreased solar luminosity on late Precambrian ice extent. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 16,723-16,732
79. Crowley T.J., and Baum S.K. Reconciling late Ordovician (440 Ma) glaciation with very high (14×) CO2 levels. Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (1995) 1093-1103
80. 2 levels required for the deglaciation of a "Near-Snowball" Earth. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 283-286
81. de Alvarenga C.J.S., Santos R.V., and Dantas E.L. C-O-Sr isotopic stratigraphy of cap carbonates overlying Marinoan-age glacial diamictites in the Paraguay Belt, Brazil. Precambrian Research 131 (2004) 1-21
82. de Broekert P., and Eyles N. Glacial tunnel valleys in the eastern Goldfields District of Western Australia cut below the late Paleozoic Pilbara ice sheet. Paleogeography, Palaeoecology and Paleoclimatology 171 (2001) 29-40
83. 2. Nature 421 (2003) 245-249
84. Dempster T.J., Rogers G., Tanner P.W.G., Bluck B.J., Muir R.J., Redwood S.D., Ireland T.R., and Paterson B.A. Timing of deposition, orogenesis and glaciation within the Dalradian rocks of Scotland: constraints from U-Pb zircon ages. Journal of the Geological Society 159 (2002) 83-84
85. Dennison J.M. Appalachian Queenston Delta related to eustatic sea-level drop accompanying late Ordovician glaciation centred in Africa. In: Bassett M.G. (Ed). The Ordovician System (1976), University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Wales 107-120
86. Deynoux M., and Ghienne J.-F. Late Ordovician glacial pavements revisited: a reappraisal of the origin of striated surfaces. Terra Nova 16 (2004) 95-101
87. Deynoux M., Sougy J., and Trompette R. Lower Paleozoic rocks of West Africa and the western part of central Africa. In: Holland C.H. (Ed). Lower Paleozoic of northwestern and west central Africa. Lower Paleozoic Rocks of the World 4 (1985), John Wiley and Sons, New York 375-495
88. Deynoux M., Kocurek G., and Proust J.N. Late Proterozoic periglacial aeolian deposits on the west African Platform, western Mali. Sedimentology 36 (1989) 532-549
89. Diaz-Martinez E., and Grahn Y. Early Silurian glaciation along the western margin of Gondwana (Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina): palaeogeographic and geodynamic setting. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 245 (2007) 62-81
90. Dobrzinski N., and Bahlburg H. Sedimentology and environmental significance of the Cryogenian successions of the Yangtze platform, South China Block. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254 (2007) 100-122
91. Donnadieu Y., Fluteau F., Ramstein G., Ritz C., and Besse J. Is there a conflict between the Neoproterozoic glacial deposits and the snowball Earth interpretation: an improved understanding with numerical modeling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 208 (2003) 101-112
92. Donnadieu Y., Ramstein G., Fluteau F., Roche D., and Ganopolski A. The impact of atmospheric and oceanic heat transports on the sea-ice-albedo instability during the Neoproterozoic. Climate Dynamics 22 (2004) 293-306
93. Donnadieu Y., Goddéris Y., Ramstein G., Nédélec A., and Meert J. A 'snowball Earth' climate triggered by continental break-up through changes in runoff. Nature 428 (2004) 303-306
94. Donnadieu Y., Ramstein G., Goddéris Y., and Fluteau F. Global tectonic setting and climate of the Late Neoproterozoic: a climate-geochemical coupled study. In: Jenkins G.S., McMenamin M.A.S., McKey C.P., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry, and Climate (2004), Geophysical Monograph 146, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 79-89
95. Dott R.H. Squantum 'tillite' Massachusetts; evidence of glaciation or subaqueous mass movements?. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72 (1961) 1289-1305
96. Driscoll N.W., and Haug G.H. A short circuit in thermohaline circulation: a cause for Northern Hemisphere glaciation?. Science 282 (1998) 436-438
97. Dyke A.S. An outline of North American deglaciation with emphasis on central and northern Canada. In: Ehlers J., and Gibbard P.L. (Eds). Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology (2004), Part II. Elsevier, Amsterdam 373-424
98. Ebinger C., Petit C., and Burov E. Causes and consequences of lithospheric extension: the ups and downs of continental rifts. In: Renault R.W., and Ashley G. (Eds). Sedimentation in Continental Rifts 73 (2002), Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication
99. In: Ehlers J., and Gibbard P. (Eds). Developments in Quaternary Science 2: Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology Elsevier 3 volumes (2004)
100. El-ghali M.A.K. Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of paralic, paraglacial and postglacial Upper Ordovician siliclastic deposits in the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya. Sedimentary Geology 177 (2005) 145-173
101. Eldrett J.S., Harding I.C., Wilson P.A., Butler E., and Roberts A.P. Continental ice in Greenland during the Eocene and Oligocene. Nature 446 (2007) 176-179
102. Eriksson P.G., Catuneanu O., Sarkar S., and Tirsgaard H. Patterns of sedimentation in the Precambrian. Sedimentary Geology 176 (2005) 17-42
103. Evans D.A.D. Stratigraphic, geochronologic and paleomagnetic constraints upon the Neoproterozoic climatic paradox. American Journal of Science 300 (2000) 347-433
104. Evans D.A.D. A fundamental Precambrian-Phanerozoic shift in Earth's glacial style?. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 353-385
105. Evans D.A.D. True polar wander and supercontinents. Tectonophysics 362 (2003) 303-320
106. Eyles C.H. A model for striated boulder pavement formation on glaciated, shallow-marine shelves; an example from the Yakataga Formation, Alaska. Journal of Sedimentary Research 58 (1988) 62-71
107. Eyles N. Marine debris flows: Late Precambrian "tillites" of the Avalonian-Cadomian orogenic belt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 79 (1990) 73-98
108. Eyles N. Earth's glacial record and its tectonic setting. Earth Science Reviews 35 (1993) 1-248
109. Eyles N. Passive margin uplift around the North Atlantic region and its role in Northern Hemisphere late Cenozoic glaciation. Geology 24 (1996) 103-106
110. Eyles N. The role of meltwater in glacial processes. Sedimentary Geology 190 (2006) 257-268
111. Eyles N., and Clark B.M. Gravity induced soft-sediment deformation structures in glaciomarine sequences of the Late Proterozoic Port Askaig Formation, Scotland. Sedimentology 32 (1985) 784-814
112. Eyles C.H., and Eyles N. The Late Cenozoic White River 'Tillites' of Southern Alaska: subaerial slope and fan delta deposits in a strike-slip setting. Bulletin Geological Society of America 101 (1989) 1091-1102
113. Eyles N., and Eyles C.H. Glacially-influenced deep marine sedimentation of the Late Precambrian Gaskiers Formation, Newfoundland, Canada. Sedimentology 36 (1989) 601-620
114. Eyles N., and Gammon P. Ice scours and storms in the Marinoan (Neoproterozoic) Elatina Formation of South Australia (2007), Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver
115. Eyles N., and Januszczak N. "Zipper-rift": Neoproterozoic glaciations and the diachronous break up of Rodinia between 740 and 620 Ma. Earth Science Reviews 65 (2004) 1-73
116. Eyles N., and Januszczak N. Interpreting the Neoproterozoic glacial record; the importance of tectonics. In: Jenkins A., McMenamin M., McKay C., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry and Climate. American Geophysical Union; Geophysical Monograph 146 (2004) 125-144
117. Eyles N., and Januszczak N. Syntectonic subaqueous mass flows of the Neoproterozoic Otavi Group, Namibia: where is the evidence of global glaciation?. Basin Research 19 (2007) 179-198
118. Eyles N., and Young G.M. Earth's glacial record and geodynamic controls on glaciation in Earth history. In: Deynoux M., Miller J.M.G., Domack E.W., Eyles N., Fairchild I.J., and Young G.M. (Eds). Earth's Glacial Record (1994), Cambridge University Press 1-28
119. Eyles C.H., Eyles N., and Miall A.D. Models of glaciomarine deposition and their applications to ancient glacial sequences. Palaeogeography, Paleoclimatology and Palaeoecology 51 (1985) 15-84
120. Eyles C.H., Eyles N., and Franca A.B. Glaciation and tectonics in an active intracratonic basin: the late Paleozoic Itarare Group, Parana Basin, Brazil. Sedimentology 40 (1993) 1-25
121. Eyles N., Gonzalez-Bonorino G., Franca A.B., and Eyles C.H. Hydrocarbons in glaciated basins in central and southern South America. In: Tankard A.J. (Ed). Petroleum Basins of South America 62 (1994), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 165-183
122. Eyles N., Eyles C.H., and Gostin V. Iceberg rafting and scouring in the Early Permian Shoalhaven Group of New South Wales, Australia; evidence of Heinrich-like events?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 136 (1997) 1-17
123. Eyles C.H., Eyles N., and Gostin V. Facies and allostratigraphy of high-latitude glacially influenced marine strata of the Early Permian southern Sydney Basin, Australia. Sedimentology 45 (1998) 121-163
124. Eyles N., Mory A., and Backhouse J. Carboniferous-Permian palynostratigraphy of rift basins in Western Australia; resolving eustatic and tectonic controls during Gondwanan glaciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology 184 (2002) 305-319
125. Eyles C.H., Mory A., and Eyles N. Facies and tectono-stratigraphic successions within a glacially influenced Permo-Carboniferous rift basin: Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Sedimentary Geology 155 (2003) 63-86
126. Eyles N., Eyles C., and Mory A. A 50 million year long record of glacial to postglacial marine environments preserved in a Carboniferous-Lower Permian graben, northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 76 (2006) 618-631
127. Eyles C.H., Eyles N., and Grey K. Palaeoclimate implications from deep drilling of Neoproterozoic strata in the Officer Basin and Adelaide Rift Complex of Australia: a marine record of wet-based glaciers. Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology 248 (2007) 291-312
128. Fairbridge R.W. Possible causes of intraformational disturbances in the Carboniferous varve rocks of Australia. Journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 81 (1947) 99-121
129. Fairchild I., and Kennedy M.J. Neoproterozoic glaciation in the Earth System. Journal of the Geological Society of London 164 (2007) 895-921
130. Falcon-Lang H.J. Pennsylvanian tropical rain forests responded to glacial-interglacial rhythms. Geology 32 (2005) 689-692
131. Faleide J.I., Kyrkjebo R., Kjennerud T., Gabrielsen R.H., Jordt H., Fanvoll S., and Bjerke M.D. Tectonic impact on sedimentary processes during Cenozoic evolution of the northern North Sea and surrounding area. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, mechanisms and implications for petroleum exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 235-269
132. Fanning C.M., and Link P. U-Pb SHRIMP ages of Neoproterozoic (Sturtian) glaciogenic Pocatello Formation, southeastern Idaho. Geology 32 (2004) 881-994
133. Fanning C.M., and Link P. Constraints on the timing of the Sturtian glaciation, South Australia i.e., the real Sturtian (2006), Abstracts, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Philadelphia
134. Feldman H.R., Franseen E.K., Joeckel R.M., and Heckle P.H. Impact of longer term modest climate shifts on architecture of high-frequency sequences (cyclothems), Pennsylvanian of midcontinent USA. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75 (2005) 350-368
135. Fischer A. Climate rhythms recorded in strata. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 14 (1986) 351-376
136. Foden J., Barovich K., Jane M., and O'Halloran G.O. Sr-isotope evidence for Late Neoproterozoic rifting in the Adelaide Geosyncline at 586 Ma: implications for a Cu ore forming fluid flux. Precambrian Research 106 (2001) 291-308
137. Fortey R.A., and Cocks L.R.M. Palaeontological evidence bearing on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions. Earth Science Reviews 61 (2003) 245-307
138. Frakes L.A., and Jenkins G.S. GCM sensitivity test using increased rotation rate, reduced solar forcing and orography to examine low latitude glaciation in the Neoproterozoic. Geophysical Research Letters 25 (1998) 3525-3528
139. Frakes L.A., Francis J.E., and Syktus J.I. Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic (1992), Cambridge University Press 274 pp.
140. Frakes L.A., Alley N.F., and Deynoux M. Early Cretaceous ice rafting and climatic zonation in Australia. International Geology Review 37 (1995) 567-583
141. Gale A.S., Hardenbol J., Hathway B., Kennedy W.J., Young J.R., and Phansalkar V. Global correlation of Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sequences: evidence for Milankovitch control on sea level. Geology 30 (2002) 291-294
142. Gammon P.R., McKirdy D.M., and Smith H.D. The timing and environment of tepee formation in a Marinoan cap carbonate. Sedimentary Geology 177 (2005) 195-208
143. Gardiner S., and Hiscott R.N. Deep-water facies and depositional setting of the lower Conception Group (Hadrynian) southern Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25 (1988) 1579-1594
144. Garfunkel Z. Relation between continental rifting and uplifting: evidence from the Suez Rift and northern Red Sea. Tectonophysics 150 (1988) 33-39
145. Garfunkel Z., and Bartov Y. The tectonics of the Suez Rift. Geological Survey of Israel Bulletin 71 (1977) 44 pp
146. Gaucher C., Boggiani P.C., Sprechmann P., Sial A., and Fairchild T. Integrated correlation of the Vendian to Cambrian Arroyo de Soldado and Corumba Groups (Uruguay and Brazil). Precambrian Research 120 (2003) 241-278
147. Gaucher C., Frimmel H.E., and Germs G.J.B. Organic-walled microfossils and biostratigraphy of the upper Port Nolloth Group (Namibia): implications for latest Neoproterozoic glaciations. Geological Magazine 142 (2005) 539-559
148. Gawthorpe R.L., and Leeder M.R. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins. Basin Research 12 (2000) 195-218
149. Ghienne J.F. Late Ordovician sedimentary environments, glacial cycles and postglacial transgression in the Taoudeni Basin, West Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 189 (2003) 117-146
150. Ghienne J.F., and Deynoux M. Large-scale channel fill structures in Late Ordovician glacial deposits in Mauritania, Western Sahara. Sedimentary Geology 119 (1998) 141-159
151. 18O bonds in paleosol carbonates. Science 311 (2006) 511-515
152. 2 threshold for glaciation in the late Ordovician. Geology 25 (1997) 447-450
153. Goddéris Y., Donnadieu Y., Dessert C., Dupre B., Fluteau F., Francois L.M., Nédélec A., and Ramstein G. Coupled modeling of global carbon cycle and climate in the Neoproterozoic: links between Rodinia breakup and major glaciations. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 339 (2007) 212-222
154. Gore D.B., and Taylor M.P. Discussion Grooves and striations on the Stanthorpe Adamellite: evidence for a possible late Middle-Late Triassic age glaciation. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (2003) 467-470
155. Gorjan P., Walter M.R., and Swart R. Global Neoproterozoic (Sturtian) postglacial sulfide-sulfur isotope anomaly recognized in Namibia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 89-98
156. Grahn Y., and Caputo M.V. Early Silurian glaciation in Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 99 (1992) 9-15
157. Grey K., Walter M.R., and Calver C.R. Neoproterozoic biotic diversification: Snowball Earth or aftermath of the Acraman impact?. Geology 31 (2003) 459-462
158. Gurnis M., Mitrovica J.X., Ritsema J., and van Heijst H.V. Constraining mantle density structure using geological evidence of surface uplift rates: the case of the African superplume. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 1 (2000) paper number 1999GC000035
159. Gutierrez-Alonso G., Fernandez-Saurez J., Jeffries T.E., Jenner G.A., Tubrett M.N., Cox R., and Jackson S.E. Terrane accretion and dispersal in the northern Gondwana margin: an early Paleozoic analogue of a long-lived active margin. Tectonophysics 365 (2003) 221-232
160. Halverson G., Maloof A.C., and Hoffman P.F. The Marinoan glaciation (Neoproterozoic) in northeast Svalbard. Basin Research 16 (2004) 297-324
161. Halverson G., Hoffman P.F., Schrag D.P., Maloof A.C., and Rice A.H.N. Toward a Neoproterozoic composite carbon isotope record. Bulletin Geological Society of America 117 (2005) 1181-1207
162. Hambrey M.J., and Harland W.B. The Late Proterozoic Glacial Era. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 (1985) 255-272
163. Hamilton R.J., Luyendyk B.P., Sorlien C.C., and Bartek L.R. Cenozoic tectonics of the Cape Roberts rift basin and Transantarctic Mountains, southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Tectonics 20 (2001) 325-342
164. Harris N. The elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau and its implications for the Asian monsoon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241 (2006) 4-15
165. Harrowfield M., Holdgate G.R., Wilson C.J.L., and McCloughin S. Tectonic significance of the Lambert Graben, East Antarctica: reconstructing the Gondwanan rift. Geology 33 (2005) 197-200
166. Hartley A.J. Andean uplift and climate change. Journal of the Geological Society 160 (2003) 7-10
167. Haug G.H., et al. North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America after 2.7 Ma. Nature 433 (2005) 821-825
168. Hay W.W. Tectonics and climate. Geologische Rundschau, 85 (1996) 409-437
169. Hay W.W., Soeding E., DeConto R.M., and Wold C.N. The Late Cenozoic uplift-climate change paradox. International Journal Earth Science 91 (2002) 746-774
170. Heaman L.M. Global mafic magmatism at 2.45 Ga: remnants of an ancient large igneous province?. Geology 25 (1997) 299-302
171. Hedges S.B. Molecular clocks and a biological trigger for the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth and Cambrian explosion. In: Donoghue P., and Smith P. (Eds). Telling Evolutionary Time: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record (2003), CRC Press, London 227-240
172. Helland P.E., and Holmes M.A. Surface textural analysis of quartz grains from ODP Site 918 off the southeast coast of Greenland suggests glaciation of southern Greenland at 11 Ma. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 135 (1997) 109-121
173. Hendriks B.W.H., and Andriessen P.A.M. Pattern and timing of the post Caledonian denudation of northern Scandinavia constrained by apatite fission-track thermochronology. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 117-137
174. 2: potential causes for Late Ordovician glaciations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 210 (2004) 385-401
175. Hinderer M., and Einsele G. Rifts as denudation-accumulation systems: concept, models and examples. In: Renault R.W., and Ashley G. (Eds). Sedimentation in Continental Rifts 73 (2002), Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication 83-96
176. Hirst J.P., Benbakir T., Payne D.F., and Westlake I.R. Tunnel valleys and density flow processes in the upper Ordovician glacial succession, Illizi Basin, Algeria: influence on reservoir quality. Journal of Petroleum Geology 25 (2002) 297-324
177. Hoffman P.F. On Cryogenian (Neoproterozoic) ice sheet dynamics and limitations of the glacial sedimentary record. South African Journal of Geology 108 (2005) 557-576
178. Hoffman K.H., and Prave A.R. A preliminary note on a revised subdivision and regional correlation of the Otavi group based on glacigenic diamictites and associated cap dolostones. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 11 (1996) 77-82
179. Hoffman P.F., and Schrag D.P. Considering a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Reply to comments. Science 284 (1999) 1087
180. Hoffman P.F., and Schrag D.P. Snowball Earth. Scientific American, 282 (2000) 62-75
181. Hoffman P.F., and Schrag D.P. The Snowball Earth hypothesis: testing the limits of global change. Terra Nova 14 (2002) 129-155
182. Hoffman P.F., Kaufman A.J., Halverson G.P., and Schrag D.P. A Neoproterozoic snowball Earth. Science 281 (1998) 1342-1346
183. Hoffman P.F., Halverson G.P., and Grotzinger J.P. Are Proterozoic cap carbonates and isotopic excursions a record of gas hydrate stabilization following Earth's coldest intervals? Comment. Geology 30 (2002) 286-287
184. Hoffman P.F., Halverson G.P., Husson J.M., Hurtgren M.T., and Schrag D.P. Cap carbonate stratigraphy and ocean hyperstratification during meltdown of the Snowball/Slushball Earth in 635 Ma (2006), Abstracts, Snowball Earth 2006, Ascona, Switzerland p. 49
185. Hooke R.L., and Elverhoi A. Sediment flux from a fjord during glacial periods, Isfjorden, Spitsbergen. Global and Planetary Change 12 (1996) 237-249
186. Huchon P., Nguyen T.N., and Chamot-Rooke N. Propagation of a continental break-up in the southwestern China Sea. In: Wilson R.C., Whitmarsh R., Taylor B., and Frotzheim N. (Eds). Non-volcanic rifting of continental margins: comparison of evidence from land and sea 187 (2001), Geological Society Special Publication 31-50
187. Hutton D.H.W., and Alsop G.I. Evidence for a major Neoproterozoic orogenic unconformity within the Dalradian Supergroup of NW Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society 161 (2004) 629-640
188. Huuse M. Cenozoic uplift and denudation of southern Norway: insights from the North Sea Basin. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). 2002. Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 209-233
189. Hyde W., Crowley T., Baum S., and Peltier W. Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model. Nature 405 (2000) 425-429
190. Illies J.H. Ancient and recent rifting in the Rhinegraben. Geologie en Mijnbouw 56 (1977) 329-350
191. Isaacson P.E., Hladil J., Shen J.W., Kalvoda J., and Grader G. Late Devonian, Famennian Glaciation in south America and marine offlap on other continents. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Vienna v. 54 (1999) 239-257
192. Izart A., Stephenson R., Gian B., Vachard D., Nindre V., Vaslet D., Fauvel P.-F., Suss P., Kossovaya O., Chen Z., Maslo A., and Stovba S. Sequence stratigraphy and correlation of late Carboniferous and Permian in the CIS, Europe, Tethyan area, North Africa, Arabia, China, Gondwanaland and the USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 196 (2003) 59-84
193. James N.P., Narbonne G.M., and Kyser T. Neoproterozoic cap carbonates, McKenzie Mountains, NW Canada; precipitation and global glacial meltdown. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38 (2001) 1229-1262
194. James N.P., Narbonne G.M., Dalrymple R.W., and Kyser T.K. Glendonites in Neoproterozoic low-latitude, interglacial sedimentary rocks, northwest Canada: insights into the Cryogenian ocean and Precambrian cold water carbonates. Geology 33 (2005) 61-64
195. In: Jenkins A., McMenamin M., McKay C., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry and Climate 146 (2004), American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 229 pp.
196. Jiang G., Sohl L., and Christie-Blick N. Neoproterozoic stratigraphic comparison of the Lesser Himalaya (India) and Yangtze Block (South China); paleogeographic implications. Geology 31 (2003) 917-920
197. Johnson S.P., Rivers T., and DeWaele B.A. A review of the Mesoproterozoic to early Paleozoic magmatic and tectonothermal history of south-central Africa: implications for Rodinia. Journal Geological Society of London 162 (2005) 433-450
198. Jokat W., Uenzelmann-Neben G., Kristofferson Y., and Rasmussen T. Lomonosov Ridge; a double-sided continental margin. Geology 20 (1992) 887-890
199. 13 stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Bylot Supergroup, Baffin Island, Canada: implications for regional lithostratigraphic correlations. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36 (1999) 313-332
200. Kaiser S.I., Steuber T., Becker R.T., and Joachimski M.M. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (2006) 146-160
201. Kaljo D., Martma T., Mannik P., and Viira V. Implications of Gondwana glaciations in the Baltic late Ordovician and Silurian and a carbon isotopic test of environmental cyclicity. Bulletin de la SocieÂte geÂologique de France 174 (2004) 59-66
202. Karhu J.A., and Holland H.D. Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Geology 24 (1996) 867-870
203. Karlstrom K.E., Ahall K.-I., Harlan S.S., Williams M.L., McLelland J., and Geissman J.W. Long lived (1.8-1.0 Ga) convergent orogen in southern Laurentia, its extensions to Australia and Baltica, and implications for refining Rodinia. Precambrian Research 111 (2001) 5-36
204. Kasting J.F. Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere. Precambrian Research 34 (1987) 205-229
205. Kasting J.F. Earth's early atmosphere. Science 259 (1993) 920-926
206. Kasting J.F., and Howard M.T. Atmospheric composition and climate on the early Earth. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B 361 (2006) 1733-1742
207. Kaufman A.J., Jiang G., Christie-Blick N., Banerjee D.M., and Rai V. Stable isotope record of the terminal Neoproterozoic Krol platform in the Lesser Himalayas of northern India. Precambrian Research 147 (2006) 56-185
208. Kellerhals P., and Matter A. Facies analysis of a glaciomarine sequence: the Neoproterozoic Mirbat Sandstone Formation, Sultanate of Oman. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 96 (2003) 49-70
209. Kendall B.S., Creaser R.A., and Selby D. Re-Os geochronology of postglacial black shales in Australia: constraints on the timing of "Sturtian" glaciation. Geology 34 (2006) 729-732
210. Kennedy M.J., Runnegar B., Prave A.R., Hoffman K.-H., and Arthur M.A. Two or four Neoproterozoic glaciations?. Geology 26 (1998) 1059-1063
211. Kennedy M.J., Christie-Blick N., and Prave A.R. Carbon isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic glacial carbonates as a test of paleoceanographic models for snowball Earth phenomena. Geology 29 (2001) 1135-1138
212. Kennedy M.J., Christie-Blick N., and Sohl L.E. Are Proterozoic cap carbonates and isotopic excursions a record of gas hydrate destabilization following Earth's coldest intervals?. Geology 29 (2001) 443-446
213. Keppie J.D., Nance R.D., Murphy J.B., and Dostal J. Tethyan, Mediterranean and Pacific analogs for the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic birth and development of peri-Gondwanan terranes ands their transfer to Russia and Larussia. Tectonophysics 365 (2003) 195-219
214. 2 during the Cenozoic?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 173 (1999) 195-203
215. Khalil S.M., and McClay K.R. Tectonic evolution of the NW Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift system. In: Wilson R.C., Whitmarsh R., Taylor B., and Frotzheim N. (Eds). Non-volcanic rifting of continental margins: comparison of evidence from land and sea 187 (2001), Geological Society Special Publication 453-473
216. Kilner B., Mac Niocaill C., and Brasier M. Low-latitude glaciation in the Neoproterozoic of Oman. Geology 33 (2005) 413-416
217. King G., and Ellis M. The origin of large local uplifts in extensional regions. Nature 348 (1990) 689-693
218. Kirschvink J.L. Late Proterozoic low latitude global glaciation: the Snowball Earth. In: Schopf J.W., and Klein C. (Eds). The Proterozoic Biosphere (1992), Cambridge University Press 51-58
219. Kirschvink J.L., Gaidos E.J., Bertani L.E., Beukes N.J., Gutzmer J., Maepa L.N., and Steinberger R.E. The Paleoproterozoic Snowball Earth: extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences. National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings 97 (2000) 1400-1405
220. Knauth L.P. Temperature and salinity history of the Precambrian ocean: implications for the course of microbial evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 219 (2005) 53-69
221. Knauth L.P., and Lowe D.R. High Archean climatic temperature inferred from oxygen isotope geochemistry of cherts in the 3.5 Ga Swaziland Supergroup. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 (2003) 566-580
222. Knoll A.H., Walter M.R., Narbonne G.M., and Christie-Blick N. The Ediacaran period: a new addition to the geological timescale. Lethaia 39 (2006) 13-30
223. Kohonen J., and Marmo J. Proterozoic lithostratigraphy and sedimentation of Sariola and Jatuli-type rocks in the Nunnanlahti-Koli-Kaltimo area, eastern Finland: implications for regional basin evolution models. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 364 (1992) 67 pp
224. Kooi H., and Beaumont C. Escarpment evolution on high elevation rifted margins: insights from a surface processes model that combines diffusion, advection, and reaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 (1994) 12191-12209
225. Kopp R.E., Kirschvink J.L., Hilburn I., and Nash C. The Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: a climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Proceedings National Academy of Science 102 (2005) 11131-11136
226. 2 drawdown in the Archean Eon. In: Fowler C., et al. (Ed). The Early Earth: Physical Chemical and Biological Development No. 199 (2002), Geological Society of London, Special Publication 259-274
227. Kristoffersen Y., Coakley B., Jokat W., Edwards M., Brekke H., and Gjengedal J. Seabed erosion on the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean: a tale of deep draft icebergs in the Eurasia Basin and the influence of Atlantic water inflow on iceberg motion?. Paleoceanography 19 (2004) 3006-3019
228. 2 during the Late Ordovician. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 152 (1999) 173-187
229. Kutzbach J.E., Guetter P.J., Ruddiman W.F., and Prell W.L. Sensitivity of climate to Late Cenozoic uplift in Southern Asia and the American West: numerical experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 18393-18407
230. Kutzbach J.E., Prell W., and Ruddiman W.F. Sensitivity of Eurasian climate to surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geology 101 (1993) 177-190
231. Lagoe M., Eyles C., Eyles N., and Hales C. Timing of Late Cenozoic tidewater glaciation in the far North Pacific. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105 (1993) 1542-1560
232. Lamb S., and Davis P. Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the rise of the Andes. Nature 425 (2003) 792-797
233. Le Guerroué E., Allen P.A., and Cozzi A. Chemostratigraphic and sedimentological framework of the largest negative carbon isotopic excursion in Earth history: the Neoproterozoic Shuram Formation (Nafun Group, Oman). Precambrian Research 146 (2006) 68-92
234. Le Heron D.P. Late Ordovician glacial record of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Sedimentary Geology 201 (2007) 93-110
235. Le Heron D.P., Sutcliffe O.E., Whittington R.J., and Craig J. The origins of glacially related soft sediment deformation structures in Upper Ordovician glaciogenic rocks: implication for ice sheet dynamics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218 (2005) 75-103
236. Le Roex H.D. A tillite in the Otavi Mountains S.W.A. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa 44 (1941) 207-218
237. Lear C.H., Elderfield P.A., and Wilson P.A. Cenozoic deep-sea temperatures and global ice volumes from Mg/Ca in benthic foraminiferal calcite. Science 287 (2000) 269-272
238. Leather J., Allen P.A., Brasier M.D., and Cozzi A. A Neoproterozoic snowball Earth under scrutiny: evidence from the Fiq glaciation of Oman. Geology 30 (2002) 891-894
239. Lemon N.M., and Gostin V.A. Glacigenic sediments of the late Proterozoic Elatina formation and equivalents, Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 16 (1990) 149-163
240. Leppard C.W., and Gawthorpe R.L. Sedimentology of rift climax deep water systems: lower Rudeis Formation, Hamman Faraun Fault Block, Suez Rift, Egypt. Sedimentary Geology 191 (2006) 67-88
241. Lewis C.A., and Illgner P.M. Late Quaternary glaciation in southern Africa: moraine ridges and glacial deposits at Mount Enterprise in the Drakensberg of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16 (2001) 365-374
242. Lewis J., Weaver A., Johnston S., and Eby M. Neoproterozoic "snowball Earth": dynamic sea ice over a quiescent ocean. Paleoceanography 18 (2003) 10.1029/2003PA000926
243. Li Z.X., Li Z.H., Kinny P.D., and Wang J. The break up of Rodinia: did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 173 (1999) 171-181
244. Li Z.-X., Evans D., and Zhang S. A 90° spin on Rodinia: possible causal links between the Neoproterozoic supercontinent, superplume, true polar wander and low-latitude glaciation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 220 (2004) 409-421
245. Li X.-H., Li Z.-X., Wingate M.T.D., Chung S.-Lin., Liu Y., and Lin G.-C. Geochemistry of the 755 Ma Mundine Well dyke swarm, northwestern Australia: part of a Neoproterozoic mantle superplume beneath Rodinia?. Precambrian Research 146 (2006) 1-15
246. Liang M.-C., Hartman H., Kopp R.E., Kirschvink J.L., and Yung Y.L. Production of hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere of a snowball Earth and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006) 18896-18899
247. Lidmar-Bergstrom K., and Naslund J.O. Landforms and uplift in Scandinavia. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). 2002. Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 103-116
248. Lidmar-Bergstrom K., Ollier C.D., and Sulebak J.R. Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway. Global and Planetary Change 23 (2000) 211-231
249. Lieberman B.S. Early Cambrian paleogeography and tectonic history: a biogeographic approach. Geology 25 (1997) 1039-1042
250. Lieberman B.S. Geobiology and palaeobiogeography: tracking the co-evolution of the Earth and its biota. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 219 (2005) 23-33
251. Lindsay J.F., and Brasier M.D. Did global tectonics drive early biosphere evolution? Carbon isotope record from 2.6 to 1.9 Ga carbonates of Western Australian sedimentary basins. Precambrian Research 114 (2002) 1-34
252. Lindsay J.F., Brasier M.D., Shields G., Khomentovsky V.V., and Bat-Ireedui Y.A. Glacial facies associations in a Neoproterozoic back-arc setting, Zavkhan Basin, western Mongolia. Geological Magazine 133 (1996) 391-402
253. Long D.G.F. A non-glacial origin for the Ordovician (Middle Caradocian) Cosquer Formation, Veryarc'h, Crozon Peninsula, Brittany, France. Geological Journal 26 (1991) 279-293
254. Lopez-Gamundi O.R. Glacial-Postglacial transition in the Late Paleozoic Basins of Southern South America. In: Martini I.P. (Ed). Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic (1997), Oxford University Press, New York 147-168
255. Lopez-Gamundi O.R., Limarino C.O., and Cesari S.N. Late Paleozoic paleoclimatology of central west Argentina. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 91 (1992) 305-329
256. Lund K., Aleinikoff J.N., Evans K.V., and Fanning C.M. SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho: Implications for rifting of western Laurentia and synchroneity of Sturtian glacial deposits. Bulletin Geological Society of America 115 (2003) 349-372
257. Luning S., Craig J., Loydell D.K., Storch P., and Fitches B. Lower Silurian 'hot shales' in North Africa and Arabia: regional distribution and depositional model. Earth Science Reviews 49 (2000) 121-200
258. Lurio J.L., and Frakes L.A. Glendonites as a paleoenvironmental tool: implications for early Cretaceous high latitude climates in Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 (1999) 1039-1048
259. MacDonald L.A., Barr S.M., White C.W., and Ketchum J.W.F. Petrology, age and tectonic setting of the White Rock Formation, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia: evidence for Silurian continental rifting. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39 (2002) 259-277
260. Macquaker J.H.S., and Keller M.A. Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes: ice as a transport medium for mud and a supplier of nutrients. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75 (2005) 696-709
261. Mallard L.D., and Rogers J.J.W. Relationship of Avalonian and Cadomian terranes to Grenville and Pan-African events. Journal of Geodynamics 23 (1997) 197-221
262. Maloof A.C., Kellogg J.B., and Anders A.M. Neoproterozoic sand wedges: crack formation in frozen soils under diurnal forcing during a snowball earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 204 (2002) 1-15
263. Marcos de la Fuente R., and Marcos de la Fuente C. On the correlation between recent star formation rate in the Solar Neighborhood and the glaciation period on Earth. New Astronomy 10 (2004) 53-66
264. Marland G. Stability of calcium carbonate hexahydrate (ikaite). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 39 (1975) 83-91
265. Marmo J.S., and Ojakangas R.W. Lower Proterozoic glaciogenic deposits, eastern Finland. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 (1984) 1118-1128
266. Martin H., Porada H., and Walliser O.H. Mixtite deposits of the Damara sequence, Namibia: problem of interpretation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 (1985) 159-196
267. Mathieson A., Bidstrup T., and Christiansen F.G. Denudation and uplift history of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland constrained by maturity and apatite fission track dating. Global and Planetary Change 23 (2000) 275-301
268. Mazzotti S., and Hyndman R. Yakutat collision and strain transfer across the northern Canadian Cordillera. Geology 30 (2002) 495-498
269. McCann A.M., and Kennedy M.J. A probable glacio-marine deposit of late Ordovician-early Silurian age from the north central Newfoundland Appalachian belt. Geological Magazine 111 (1974) 549-564
270. McCay G.A., Prave A.R., Alsop G.I., and Fallick A.E. Glacial trinity: Neoproterozoic Earth history within the British Irish Caledonides. Geology 34 (2006) 909-912
271. McKirdy D.M., Webster L.J., Arouri K.R., Grey K., and Gostin V.A. Contrasting sterane signatures in Neoproterozoic marine rocks of Australia before and after the Acraman asteroid impact. Organic Geochemistry 37 (2006) 189-207
272. McMechan M.E. Vreeland diamictites: Neoproterozoic glaciogenic slope deposits, Rocky Mountains, Northeast British Columbia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 48 (2000) 246-261
273. Meert J.G., and Lieberman B.S. A paleomagnetic and paleobiogeographical perspective on latest Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian tectonic events. Tectonophysics 375 (2004) 261-288
274. Meert J.G., and Torsvik T.H. The making and unmaking of a supercontinent: Rodinia revisited. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 261-288
275. Meert J.G., and Torsvik T.H. Paleomagnetic constraints on Neoproterozoic 'Snowball Earth' continental reconstructions. In: Jenkins A., McMenamin M., McKay C., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry and Climate. Geophysical Monograph 146 (2004), American Geophysical Union 5-11
276. Meijer P.T., Slingerland R., and Wortel M.J.R. Tectonic control on past circulation of the Mediterranean Sea: a model study of the late Miocene. Paleoceanography 19 (2004) 19
277. Melnick D., and Echter H. Inversion of forearc basins in south central Chile caused by rapid glacial age trench fill. Geology 34 (2006) 709-712
278. 13C excursion. Terra Nova 17 (2005) 141-148
279. Melezhik V.A., Fallick A., Hanski E.J., Kump L.R., Lepland A., Prave A.R., and Strauss H. Emergence of the aerobic biosphere during the Archean-Proterozoic transition: challenges of future research. GSA Today 15 (2005) 4-11
280. Miall A.D. Sedimentation on an early Proterozoic continental margin under glacial influence: the Gowganda Formation (Huronian), Elliot Lake area, Ontario, Canada. Sedimentology 32 (1985) 763-788
281. Miall A.D. The Geology of Stratigraphic Sequences (1997), Springer-Verlag Inc 437 pp.
282. Miall A.D. Testing for eustatic sea level control in the Precambrian sedimentary record. Sedimentary Geology 176 (2005) 9-16
283. Miall A.D., and Miall C.E. Sequence stratigraphy as a scientific enterprise: the evolution and persistence of conflicting paradigms. Earth Science Reviews 54 (2001) 321-348
284. Miller R.M. Tectonic implications of the contrasting geochemistry of Damaran mafic volcanic rocks, southwest Africa/Namibia. In: Miller R.McG. (Ed). Evolution of the Damara Orogen 11 (1983), Special Publication Geological Society of South Africa 115-138
285. Mitrovica J.X., Mound J.E., Pysklywec R., and Milne G.A. Sea-level change on a dynamic Earth. In: Bosche E., Ekstrom G., and Morelli A. (Eds). Problems in Geophysics for the new Millennium (2000), Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanolgia 499-529
286. Modie B.N. A glacigenic interpretation of a Neoarchean (2.78 Ga) volcanogenic sedimentary sequence in the Nnywane Formation, Sikwana, southeastern Botswana. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 (2002) 163-175
287. Montgomery D.R., Balco G., and Willet S.D. Climate, tectonics, and the morphology of the Andes. Geology 29 (2001) 579-582
288. Moore J.M., and Moore A.E. The roles of primary kimberlite and secondary Dwyka glacial sources in the development of alluvial diamond deposits in South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 38 (2004) 115-134
289. Moran K., et al. The Cenozoic paleoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean. Nature 441 (2006) 601-605
290. Moreau J., Ghienne J.F., Le Heron D.P., Rubino J.-L., and Deynoux M. 440 Ma ice stream in North Africa. Geology 33 (2005) 753-756
291. Moriya K., Wilson P.A., Friedrich O., Erbacher J., and Kawahata H. Testing for ice sheets during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse using glassy foraminiferal calcite from the mid-Cenomanian tropics on Demarara Rise. Geology 35 (2007) 615-618
292. Morley C.K. Tectonic settings of continental extensional provinces and their impact on sedimentation and hydrocarbon prospectivity. In: Renault R.W., and Ashley G. (Eds). Sedimentation in Continental Rifts 73 (2002), Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication 25-56
293. In: Munnecke A., and Servais T. (Eds). Early Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Palaeoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 245 (2007) 316 pp.
294. Munnecke A., Samtleben C., and Bickert T. The Ireviken event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Paleozoic and Proterozoic events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195 (2003) 99-124
295. Mustard P.S., and Donaldson J.A. Early Proterozoic ice proximal glaciomarine deposition: the lower Gowganda Formation at Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 98 (1987) 373-387
296. Nédélec A., Ramstein G., and Laskar J. Freezing and unfreezing of the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth: from field evidence to climate models. C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 181-185
297. Nédélec A., Affaton P., France-Lanord C., Charriere A., and Alvaro J. Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the Bwipe Neoproterozoic cap dolostones (Ghana, Volta Basin): a record of microbial activity in a peritidal environment. C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 223-239
298. Nielsen A.T. Late Ordovician sea level changes: evidence of Caradoc glaciations?. Geophysical Research Abstracts 5 (2003) 11119
299. Nielsen S.B., Paulsen G.E., Hansen D.L., Gemmer L., Clausen O.R., Jacobsen B.H., Balling N., Huuse M., and Gallagher K. Paleocene initiation of Cenozoic uplift in Norway. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 45-65
300. Neuendorf K.K.E., Mehl J.P., and Jackson J.A. Glossary of Geology. 5th Edition (2005), American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia 779 pp.
301. Noffke N., Eriksson K.A., Hazen R.M., and Simpson E.L. A new window into Early Archean life: microbial mats in Earth's oldest siliclastic tidal deposits (3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa. Geology 34 (2006) 253-256
302. Nystuen J.P. Late Precambrian Moelv Tillite deposited on a discontinuity surface associated with a fossil ice wedge, Rendalen, Southern Norway. Norges Geologisk Tidsskrift 56 (1976) 29-56
303. Ojakangas R.W. Evidence for Early Proterozoic glaciation: the dropstone-diamictite association. Geologic Survey of Finland Bulletin 331 (1985) 51-72
304. Ojakangas R.W. Glaciation: an uncommon "mega event" as a key to intracontinental and intercontinental correlation of early Proterozoic basin fill, North American and Baltic cratons. In: Kleinspehn K.L., and Paola C. (Eds). New Perspectives in Basin Analysis (1988), Springer Verlag 431-444
305. Ojakangas R.W., Marmo J.S., and Heiskanen K. Basin evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Karelian Supergroup of the Fennoscandian (Baltic) Shield. Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (2001) 225-285
306. Olcott A.N., Sessions A.L., Corsetti F.A., Kaufman A.J., and de Oliviera T.F. Biomarker evidence for photosynthesis during Neoproterozoic glaciation. Science 310 (2005) 471-473
307. Ono S., Beukes N.J., Rumble D., and Fogel M.L. Early evolution of atmospheric oxygen from multiple sulfur and carbon isotope records of the 2.9 Ga Mozaan Group of the Pongola Supergroup, Southern Africa. South African Journal of Geology 109 (2006) 97-108
308. Parsons T. The basin and range. In: Olsen K. (Ed). Continental Rifts: Evolution, Structure, Tectonics 25 (1995), Elsevier, Developments in Geotectonics 277-324
309. Partridge T.C. Late Neogene uplift in eastern and southern Africa and its paleoclimatic implications. In: Ruddiman W.F. (Ed). Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change (1997), Plenum, New York 63-87
310. Peltier W.R., Tarasov L., Vettoretti G., and Solheim L.P. Climate dynamics in deep time: modelling the Snowball bifurcation and assessing the feasibility of its occurrence. In: Jenkins G., McMenamin M., McKay C., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry and Climate (2004), American Geophysical Union 107-124
311. Perlmutter M.A., and Plotnick R.E. Hemispheric asymmetry of the marine stratigraphic record: conceptual proof of a unipolar ice cap. In: Cecil C.B., and Edgar N.T. (Eds). Climate controls on stratigraphy 77 (2003), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 51-66
312. Pesonen L.J., Elming S.A., Mertanen S., Pisarevsky S., Dádrella-Filho M.S., Meert J.G., Schmidt P.W., Abrahamsen N., and Bylund G. Palaeomagnetic configuration of continents during the Proterozoic. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 289-324
313. Pharoah T.C. Palaeozoic terranes and their lithospheric boundaries within the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ): a review. Tectonophysics 314 (1999) 17-41
314. Pierrehumbert R. The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems. Nature 419 (2002) 191-198
315. Pierrehumbert R. High levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide necessary for the termination of global glaciation. Nature 429 (2004) 646-649
316. Plint A.G. High frequency relative sea level oscillations in the Upper Cretaceous shelf clastics of the Alberta foreland basins: possible evidence for a glacio-eustatic control. In: McDonald D. (Ed). Sedimentation, Tectonics and Eustasy 12 (1991), International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 409-428
317. Plint A.G., Eyles N., Eyles C.H., and Walker R.G. Control of sea level change. In: Walker R.G., and James N.P. (Eds). Facies Models: Response to Sea level Change (1992), Geological Association of Canada St. John's, Newfoundland 15-26
318. Polat A., and Kerrich D. Geodynamic processes, continental growth and mantle evolution recorded in the late Archean greenstone belts of the Superior Province, Canada. Precambrian Research 112 (2001) 5-25
319. Polteau S., Moore J.M., and Tsikos H. The geology and geochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Makganyene diamictite. Precambrian Research (2006) 257-274
320. Polyak L., Edwards M.H., Coakley B.J., and Jakobsson M. Ice shelves in the Pleistocene Arctic Ocean inferred from glaciogenic deep-sea bedforms. Nature 410 (2001) 453-456
321. Pope M., and Read J.F. Ordovician metre-scale cycles: implications for climate and eustatic fluctuations in the central Appalachians during a global greenhouse, non-glacial to glacial transition. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 138 (1998) 27-42
322. Porada H., and Wittig R. Turbidites in the Damara Orogen. In: Martin H., and Eder F.W. (Eds). Intracontinental fold belts, case studies in the Variscan Belt of Europe and the Damara Belt in Namibia H. (1983), Springer, Berlin 543-576
323. Porada H., and Wittig R. Turbidites and their significance in the geosynclinal evolution of the Damara Orogen, South West Africa/Namibia. In: Miller R.McG. (Ed). Evolution of the Damara Orogen Special Publication Geological Society of South Africa 11 (1983) 21-36
324. Potter P.E., Franca A.B., Spencer C.W., and Caputo M.V. Petroleum in glacially influenced sandstones of Gondwana: a review. Journal of Petroleum Geology 18 (1995) 397-420
325. Poulsen C. Absence of a runaway ice-albedo feedback in the Neoproterozoic. Geology 31 (2003) 473-476
326. Poulsen C.J. Absence of runaway albedo feedback in the Neoproterozoic. Geology 31 (2003) 473-476
327. Poulsen C.J., Seidov D., Barron E.J., and Peterson W.H. The impact of paleogeographic evolution on the surface oceanic circulation and the marine environment during the mid-Cretaceous Tethys. Paleoceanography 13 (1998) 546-559
328. Poulsen C., Raymond R., Pierrehumbert T., and Jacob R. Impact of ocean dynamics on the simulation of the Neoproterozoic "snowball Earth". Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 1575-1578
329. Poulsen C., Jacob R., Pierrehumbert T., and Huynh T. Testing paleogeographic controls on a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth. Geophysical Research Letters 29 (2002) 10.1-10.4
330. Powell C.M., and Veevers J.J. Namurian uplift in Australia triggered the main Gondwana glaciation. Nature 326 (1987) 177-179
331. In: Powell C.M., and Meert J.G. (Eds). Assembly and breakup of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 110 (2001) 1-386
332. In: Prothero D.R., Ivany L.C., and Nesbitt E.A. (Eds). From Greenhouse to Icehouse: Marine Eocene-Oligocene transition (2003), Columbia University Press 541 pp.
333. Proust J.N., and Deynoux M. Marine to non-marine sequence architecture of an intracratonic glacially related basin. Late Neoproterozoic of the West African platform in western Mali. In: Deynoux M.M., Miller J.M.G., Domack E.W., Eyles N., Fairchild I.J., and Young G.M. (Eds). Earth's Glacial Record (1994), Cambridge University Press 121-145
334. Pujol F., Berner Z., and Stuben D. Paleoenvironmental changes at the Frasnian/Fammenian boundary in key European sections: chemostratigraphic constraints. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (2006) 120-145
335. Pyle L.J., Narbonne G.M., James N.P., Dalrymple R.W., and Kaufman A.J. Integrated Ediacaran chronostratigraphy, Wernecke Mountains, northwestern Canada. Precambrian Research 132 (2004) 1-27
336. Ramstein G., Fluteau F., and Besse J. Effect of orogeny, plate motion and land-sea distribution on Eurasian climate change the past 30 million years. Nature 386 (1997) 788-795
337. Raub T.D., and Evans D.A.D. Prolonged deglaciation of Marinoan Snowball Earth from an integrative Australian perspective (2006), Abstracts: Snowball Earth 2006, Monte Verita, Switzerland July 16-21. p. 89-90
338. Ravnas R., and Steel R.J. Architecture of marine rift-basin successions. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82 (1998) 110-146
339. Raymo M.E., and Ruddiman W.F. Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature 359 (1992) 117-122
340. Raymond A., and Metz C. Ice and its consequences: glaciation in the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, Pennsylvanian-Permian, and Cenozoic compared. Journal of Geology 112 (2004) 655-670
341. Redfield J.R., Osmundsen P.T., and Hendriks B. The role of fault reactivation and growth in the uplift of western Fennoscandia. Journal of the Geological Society 162 (2005) 1013-1030
342. Ridgwell A., Kennedy M., and Caldeira K. Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and Neoproterozoic ice ages. Science 302 (2003) 859-862
343. Robardet M., and Dore F. The late Ordovician diamictic formations from southwestern Europe: North Gondwana glaciomarine deposits. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66 (1988) 19-31
344. Rogers J.J., and Santosh M. Continents and Supercontinents (2004), Oxford University Press 289 pp.
345. Rohrman M., Van Der Beek P.A., Van Der Hilst R., and Reemst P. Timing and past mechanisms of North Atlantic Cenozoic uplift: evidence for mantle upwelling. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 27-44
346. 2, orography, and oceanic heat transport on extreme climates. Climates of the Past Discussions 1 (2005) 255-285
347. Ross J.R.P., and Ross C.A. Ordovician sea level fluctuations. In: Webby B.D., and Laurie J.R. (Eds). Global Perspective on Ordovician Geology (1992), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 327-335
348. Rothman D.H. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002) 4167-4171
349. Ruban D.A., Al-Husseini M., and Iwasaki Y. Review of Middle East Paleozoic plate tectonics. Geoarabia: Middle East Petroleum Geosciences 12 (2007) 35-56
350. Ruddiman W.F. Earth's Climate: Past and Future (2001), W.H. Freeman and Co, New York 465 pp.
351. Ruddiman W.F., Prell W.L., and Raymo M.E. Late Cenozoic uplift in southern Asia and the American West: rationale for general circulation modeling experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 18,379-18,391
352. Rudwick M.J.S. The infracambrian glaciation and the origin of the Cambrian fauna. In: Nairn A.E. (Ed). Problems in Paleoclimatology (1964), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 150-155
353. Saltzman M.R. Carbon isotope stratigraphy across the Silurian-Devonian transition in North America; evidence for a perturbation of the global carbon cycle. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 187 (2002) 83-100
354. Saltzman M.R., and Young S.A. Long-lived glaciation in the Late Ordovician? Isotopic and sequence stratigraphic evidence from western Laurentia. Geology 33 (2005) 109-112
355. Sanchez-Garcia T., Bellido F., and Quesada C. Geodynamic setting and geochemical signatures of Cambrian-Ordovician rift-related igneous rocks (Ossa-Morena Zone, SW. Iberia). Tectonophysics 365 (2003) 233-255
356. Scheffler K., Buehman D., and Schwark L. Analysis of late Paleozoic glacial to postglacial sedimentary successions in South Africa by geochemical proxies-response to climate evolution and sedimentary environment. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (2006) 184-203
357. Schenk P.E. Possible late Ordovician glaciation in Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9 (1972) 95-107
358. Schenk P.E. Events and sea level changes on Gondwana's margin: the Meguma Zone (Cambrian to Devonian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Bulletin Geological Society of America 103 (1991) 512-521
359. Scher H.D., and Martin E.E. Timing and climatic consequences of the opening of Drake Passage. Science 312 (2006) 428-430
360. Schermerhorn L.J.G. Late Precambrian mixtites: glacial and/or nonglacial?. American Journal of Science 274 (1974) 673-824
361. Scotese C.R., and McKerrow W.S. Ordovician plate tectonic reconstructions 90-9 (1991), Geological Survey of Canada Paper 271-282
362. Scotese C.R., Boucot A.J., and McKerrow W.S. Gondwana paleogeography and paleoclimatology. Journal of African Earth Sciences 28 (1999) 99-114
363. Seidler L. Incised submarine canyons governing new evidence of Early Triassic rifting in East Greenland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 161 (2000) 267-293
364. Shaviv N.J. The spiral structure of the Milky Way, cosmic rays, and ice age epochs on Earth. New Astronomy 8 (2003) 39-77
365. Shaviv N.J., and Veizer J. Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate?. GSA Today 13 (2003) 4-10
366. Sheehan P.M. The Late Ordovician mass extinction event. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29 (2001) 331-364
367. 2 levels. Precambrian Research 147 (2006) 148-155
368. Shevenell A.E., Kennett J.P., and Lea D.W. Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science 305 (2004) 1766-1770
369. Shields G.A., and Veizer J. Precambrian marine carbonate isotope database: Version 1.1. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3 (2002) 12 pp
370. Shields G.A., Brasier M.D., Stille P., and Dorjnamjaa D. Factors contributing to high 13C values in Cryogenian limestones of western Mongolia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196 (2002) 99-111
371. Shields G.A., Deynoux M., Culver S.J., Brasier M.D., Affaton P., and Vandamme D. Neoproterozoic glaciomarine and cap dolostone facies of the southwestern Taoudeni Basin (Walidiala Valley, Senegal/Guinea, N.W. Africa). C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 186-199
372. 3He thermochronometry. Science 310 (2005) 1668-1670
373. Smith A.G. Estimates of the Earth's spin, geographic axis relative to Gondwana from glacial sediments and paleomagnetism. Earth Science Reviews 42 (1997) 161-179
374. Smith A.G., and Pickering K.T. Oceanic gateways as a critical factor to initiate ice house Earth. Journal of the Geological Society of London 160 (2003) 337-340
375. Sohl L.E. Data/model comparisons for a Snowball Earth: What insights have we gained from climate models to date? (2006), Abstracts: Snowball Earth 2006, Monte Verita, Switzerland July 103-104
376. Sohl L.E., Christie-Blick N., and Kent D.V. Paleomagnetic polarity reversals in the Marinoan (ca. 600 Ma) glacial deposits of Australia: implications for the duration of low-latitude glaciation in Neoproterozoic time. GSA Bulletin 111 (1999) 1120-1139
377. Speed R.C., Sharp W., and Foland L.P. Late Paleozoic granitoid gneisses of northwest Venezuela and the North America-Gondwana collision zone. Journal of Geology 105 (1997) 457-470
378. Spencer A.M. Late Precambrian Glaciation in Scotland. Memoir Geological Society of London 6 (1971) 1-48
379. Stanley S.M. Paleozoic mass extinctions: shared patterns suggest global cooling as a common cause. American Journal of Science 288 (1998) 334-352
380. Starmer I.C. Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the North Atlantic supercontinent, 1700-950 Ma. In: Brewer T.S. (Ed). Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region 112 (1996), Geological Society of London Special Publication 219-248
381. Stephenson M.H., Leng M.J., Vane C.H., Osterloff P.L., and Arrowsmith C. Investigating the record of Permian climate change from argillaceous sedimentary rocks, Oman. Journal of the Geological Society 162 (2005) 641-651
382. Stoker M.S. Late Neogene development of the UK Atlantic margin. In: Dore A.G., Cartwright J.A., Stoker M.S., Turner J.P., and White N. (Eds). Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration 196 (2002), Geological Society Special Publication 313-329
383. Stoll H.M., and Schrag D.P. Evidence for glacial control of rapid sea level changes in the early Cretaceous. Science 272 (1996) 1771-1774
384. Stoll H.M., and Schrag D.P. High-resolution stable isotope records from upper Cretaceous rocks of Italy and Spain; glacial episodes in a greenhouse planet. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112 (2000) 308-319
385. Stollhofen H., Stanistreet I.G., Bangert B., and Grill H. Tuffs, tectonism and glacially related sea level changes, Carboniferous-Permian, southern Namibia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 161 (2002) 127-150
386. Stott G. The Superior Province. In: de Wit M., and Ashwal L. (Eds). Greenstone Belts (1997), Clarendon Press, Oxford 480-507
387. Streel M., Caputo M.V., Laboziak S., and Melo J.H.G. Late Frasnian-Famennian climates based on palynomorph analyses and the question of Late Devonian glaciations. Earth Science Reviews 52 (2001) 121-173
388. Studinger M., Bell R.E., Finn C.A., and Blankenship D.D. Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensional tectonics of the West Antarctic rift system from high-resolution airborne geophysical mapping. In: Gamble J.A. (Ed). Antarctica at the close of a millennium 35 (2002), Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin 563-569
389. Stump E. The Ross Orogen of the Transantarctic Mountains (1995), Cambridge University Press 279 pp.
390. Suess E., Balzer W., Hesse K.-F., Muller P.J., Ungerer C.A., and Wefer G. Calcium carbonate hexahydrate from organic-rich sediments of the Arctic Shelf: precursors of glendonites. Science 1216 (1982) 1128-1130
391. Sutcliffe O.E., Dowdeswell J.A., Whittington R.J., Theron J.N., and Craig J. Calibrating the late Ordovician glaciation and mass extinction by the eccentricity cycles of Earth's orbit. Geology 28 (2000) 967-970
392. Sutcliffe O.E., Craig J., and Whittington R.J. Late Ordovician glacial pavements revisited: a reappraisal of the origin of striated surfaces. Terra Nova 17 (2005) 486-487
393. Tajika E. Faint young sun and the carbon cycle: implications for Proterozoic global glaciations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 214 (2003) 443-453
394. Tankard A.J., Germs G.J.B., Machaca T.P., Welsink H., Ramos V.A., Uliana M.A., Eyles N., Franca A.B., Milani E.J., Lopez O., de Wit M.J., McMiller R., Santa Ana H., and Wiens F. Tectonic controls of basin evolution in southern Gondwana. In: Tankard A.J. (Ed). Petroleum Basins of South America 62 (1994), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5-52
395. ten Brink U., and Stern T. Rift flank uplifts and hinterland basins-Comparison of the Transantarctic Mountains with the Great Escarpment of southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (1992) 569-585
396. Thiede J., and Myhre A.M. The paleoceanographic history of the North Atlantic-Arctic gateways: synthesis of the Leg 151 drilling results. Proceedings ODP Scientific Results 151 (1996) 645-658
397. Thomas W.A. The Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin of southeastern North America. Bulletin Geological Society of America 103 (1991) 415-431
398. Tie-bing L., Maynard J.B., and Alten J. Superheavy S isotopes from glacier associated sediments of the Neoproterozoic of south China: Oceanic anoxia or sulfate limitation?. In: Kesler S.E., and Ohmoto H. (Eds). Evolution of Early Earth's Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere-Constraints from Ore Deposits 198 (2006), Geological Society of America Memoir 205-222
399. Timmons J.M., Karlstrom K.E., Dehler C.M., Geissman J.W., Matthew T., and Heizler M.T. Proterozoic multistage (ca.1.1 and 0.8 Ga) extension recorded in the Grand Canyon Supergroup and establishment of northwest-and north-trending tectonic grains in the southwestern United States. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113 (2001) 163-181
400. 2 without ice sheet development?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226 (2005) 187-204
401. Tohver E., D'Agrella-Filho M.S., and Trindade R.I.F. Paleomagnetic record of Africa and South America for the 1200-500 Ma interval and evaluation of Rodinia and Gondwana assemblies. Precambrian Research 148 (2006) 193-222
402. Torsvik T.H. The Rodinia jigsaw puzzle. Science 300 (2003) 1379-1381
403. Torsvik T.H., and Cocks R.M. Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a paleomagnetic, faunal and facies review. Journal Geological Society of London 161 (2004) 555-572
404. Torsvik T.H., Smethurst M.A., Meert J.G., van der Voo R.V., McKerrow W.S., Brasier M.D., Sturt B.A., and Walderhaug H.J. Continental breakup and collision in the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic-a tale of Baltica and Laurentia. Earth Science Reviews 40 (1996) 229-258
405. Trindade R.I.F., and Macouin M. Paleolatitude of glacial deposits and paleogeography of Neoproterozoic ice ages. C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 200-211
406. Tripati A., Backman J., Elderfield H., and Ferretti P. Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes. Nature 436 (2005) 341-346
407. Trompette R. Le Precambrien superieur et le Paleozoique inferior de L'Adrar de Mauritanie. Un example de sedimentation de craton. Etude Stratigraphique et Sedimentologique (1973), Trav. Lab.Sci. Terre, University de St. Jerome, Marseille B, 7, 702 pp.
408. Tucker M.E., and Reid P.C. The sedimentology and context of late Ordovician glacial marine deposits from Sierra Leone, West Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 13 (1973) 289-307
409. Turekian K.K. Global Environmental Change. Past Present and Future (1996), Prentice Hall 200 pp.
410. Turner B.R., Makhlouf I.M., and Armstrong H.A. Late Ordovician (Ashgillian) glacial deposits in southern Jordan. Sedimentary Geology 181 (2005) 73-91
411. Twitchett R.J. The palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of mass extinction events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 232 (2006) 190-213
412. Urban H., Stribny B., and Lippolt H.J. Iron and manganese deposits of the Urcum district, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 87 (1992) 1375-1392
413. Vakarelov B.K., Bhattacharya J.P., and Nebrigic D.D. Importance of high frequency tectonic sequences during greenhouse times of Earth history. Geology 34 (2006) 797-800
414. Van Der Beek P. Flank uplift and topography at the Central Baikal Rift (Siberia): a test of kinematic models for continental extension. Tectonics 16 (1997) 122-136
415. Vaslet D. Upper Ordovician glacial deposits in Saudi Arabia. Episodes 13 (1990) 147-161
416. Veevers J.J. Billion-year Earth History of Australia and neighbours in Gondwanaland (2000), Gemoc Press, Sydney 420 pp.
417. Veevers J.J. Gondwanaland from 650-500 Ma assembly through 320 Ma merger in Pangea to 185-100 breakup: supercontinental tectonics via stratigraphy and radiometric dating. Earth Science Reviews 68 (2004) 1-132
418. Veevers J.J., and Powell C.Mc.A. Late Paleozoic glacial episodes in Gondwanaland reflected in transgressive-regressive depositional sequences in Euramerica. Geological Society of America Bulletin 98 (1987) 475-487
419. Veizer J. Celestial climate driver: a perspective from four billion years of the carbon cycle. Geoscience Canada 32 (2005) 13-28
420. Vercoli M., and Le Herisse A. Biostratigraphy, taxonomic diversity and patterns of morphological evolution of Ordovician acritarchs (organic walled microphytoplankton) from the northern Gondwana margin in relation to paleoclimatic and paleogeographic changes. Earth Science Reviews 67 (2004) 267-311
421. Vernhet E., Heubeck C., Zhu M.Y., and Zhang J.-M. Large-scale slope instability at the southern margin of the Ediacaran Yangtze platform (Hunan province, central China). Precambrian Research 148 (2006) 32-44
422. Via R.K., and Thomas D.J. Evolution of Atlantic thermohaline circulation: early Oligocene onset of deep-water production in the North Atlantic. Geology 34 (2006) 441-444
423. Vickers R.P. "Saline giants": cold cradles and the cold playgrounds of Neoproterozoic Earth: the origin of animalia (2006), Abstracts: Snowball Earth 2006, Monte Verita, Switzerland July 16-21. p. 106-7
424. Villas E., Vennin E., Alvaro J.J., Hamman W., Herrera Z.A., and Piovano E.L. The late Ordovician carbonate sedimentation as a major triggering factor of the Hirnantian glaciation. Bulletin Geological Society of France 173 (2002) 569-578
425. Visser J.N.J. The mid-Precambrian tillite in the Griqualand West and Transvaal Basins. In: Hambrey M.J., and Harland W.B. (Eds). Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record (1981), Cambridge University Press 180-184
426. Visser J.N.J. The paleoclimatic setting of the late Paleozoic marine ice sheet in the Karoo Basin of southern Africa 261 (1991), Geological Society of America 181-189
427. Visser J.N.J. Deglaciation sequences in the Permo-Carboniferous Karoo and Kalahari basins of Southern Africa: a tool in the analysis of cyclic glaciomarine basin fills. Sedimentology 44 (1997) 507-521
428. von Brunn V., and Gold D.J.C. Diamictite in the Archean Pongola sequence of southern Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 16 (1993) 367-374
429. Walter M.R., Veevers J.J., Calver C.R., Gorjan P., and Hill A.C. Dating the 840-544 Ma Neoproterozoic intervals by isotopes of strontium, carbon and sulfur in seawater and some interpretive models. Precambrian Research 100 (2000) 371-433
430. Wang J., and Li Z.-X. History of Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China: implications for Rodinia breakup. Precambrian Research 122 (2003) 141-158
431. 2 changes during the Hirnantian glaciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 132 (1997) 147-158
432. Wareham C.D., Pankhurst R.J., Thomas R.J., Storey B.C., Grantham G.H., and Eglinton B.M. Pb, Nd and Sr isotope mapping of Grenville age crustal provinces in Rodinia. Journal of Geology 106 (1998) 647-659
433. In: Webby B.D., and Laurie J.R. (Eds). Global Perspective on Ordovician Geology (1992), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 327-335
434. Weissel J., and Karner G.D. Flexural uplift of rift flanks due to mechanical unloading of the lithosphere under extension. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 13919-13950
435. Wendorff M., and Key R.M. Sedimentary facies, stratigraphy and SHRIMP age dating of the glaciogenic Grand Conglomerat Fm., Neoproterozoic of Central Africa (2006), Abstracts: Snowball Earth 2006, Monte Verita, Switzerland July 16-21. p. 114-5
436. In: Westgate J.A. (Ed). Recent advances on the Late Cenozoic geological history of eastern Beringia. Quaternary Research 60 (2003) 1-132
437. White J.M., Ager T., Adam D.P., Leopold E.B., Liu G., Jette H., and Schweger C.E. An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: tectonic and global climatic correlates. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130 (1997) 293-306
438. Williams G.E. Milankovitch-band cyclicity in bedded halite deposits contemporaneous with Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciation, Canning Basin Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 103 (1991) 143-155
439. Williams G.E. The enigmatic Late Proterozoic glacial climate: an Australian perspective. In: Deynoux M.M., Miller J.M.G., Domack E.W., Eyles N., Fairchild I.J., and Young G.M. (Eds). Earth's Glacial Record (1994), Cambridge University Press 146-161
440. Williams G.E. Subglacial meltwater channels and glaciofluvial deposits in the Kimberley Basin, Western Australia: 1.8 Ga low-latitude glaciation coeval with continental assembly. Journal Geological Society of London 162 (2005) 111-124
441. Williams G.E., and Gostin V.A. Acraman-Bunyeroo impact event (Ediacaran), South Australia, and environmental consequences: twenty-five years on. Australian Journal of earth Sciences 52 (2005) 607-620
442. Williams G.E., and Schmidt P.W. Paleomagnetism of the Paleoproterozoic Gowganda and Lorrain formations, Ontario: low paleolatitude for Huronian glaciation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 153 (1997) 157-169
443. Williams G.E., and Schmidt P.W. Neoproterozoic glaciation: reconciling low paleolatitudes and the geologic record. In: Jenkins A., McMenamin M., McKay C., and Sohl L. (Eds). The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry and Climate. Geophysical Monograph 146 (2004), American Geophysical Union 145-160
444. Williams G.E., and Tonkin D.G. Periglacial structures and paleoclimatic significance of a late Precambrian blockfield in the Cattle Grid copper mine, Mount Gunson, South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 32 (1985) 287-300
445. Williams B.P.J., Wild E.K., and Sutill R.J. Late Paleozoic cold-climate aeolianites, Southern Cooper Basin, SA. In: Frostick L., and Reid T. (Eds). Desert Sediments: Ancient and Modern 35 (1987), Geological Society of London Special Publication 233-249
446. Winberry J.P., and Anandakrishnan S. Crustal structure of the West Antarctic rift system and Marie Byrd Land hotspot. Geology 32 (2004) 977-980
447. Wingate M., Pisarevsky S.A., and Evans D.A.D. Rodinia connections between Australia and Laurentia: no SWEAT, no AUSWUS?. Terra Nova 14 (2002) 121-128
448. Withjack M.O., Schlische R.E., and Olsen P.E. Rift-basin structure and its influence on sedimentary systems. In: Renault R.W., and Ashley G. (Eds). Sedimentation in Continental Rifts 73 (2002), Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication 57-81
449. Wolfe J.A. A paleobotanical interpretation of Tertiary climates in the Northern Hemisphere. In: Skinner B.J. (Ed). Paleontology and Paleoenvironments (1978), William Kaufman Inc. Los Altos, California 129-138
450. Wood R.J., Edrich S.P., and Hutchison I. Influence of North Atlantic tectonics on the large-scale uplift of the Stapen High and Loppa High, Western Barents Shelf. In: Tankard A.J., and Balkwill H.R. (Eds). Extensional Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic Margins 46 (1989), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 559-566
451. Woodworth-Lynas C.M.T., and Dowdeswell J.A. Soft sediment striated surfaces and massive diamicton facies produced by floating ice. In: Deynoux M., Miller J.M.G., Domack E.W., Eyles N., Fairchild I.J., and Young G.M. (Eds). Earth's Glacial Record (1994), Cambridge University Press 241-259
452. 2 with global surface temperature and its latitudinal contrast. Geology 19 (1991) 1161-1164
453. 2 levels and global temperatures inferred from changing paleogeography. In: Klein G.D. (Ed). Pangea: Paleoclimate, tectonics, and sedimentation during accretion, zenith and breakup of a supercontinent 288 (1994), Geological Society of America Special Paper 57-73
454. Xiao S., and Kaufman A.J. Neoproterozoic Geobiology and Paleobiology (2006), Springer, The Netherlands 300 pp.
455. Yeo G.M. The late Proterozoic Rapitan glaciation in the northern Cordillera. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 81 (1981) 25-46
456. Young G.M. Diamictites of the Early Proterozoic Ramsay Lake and Bruce Formations, north shore of Lake Huron, Canada. In: Hambrey M.J., and Harland W.B. (Eds). Earth's pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record (1981), Cambridge University Press 813-816
457. Young G.M. Late Proterozoic stratigraphy and the Canada-Australia connection. Geology 20 (1992) 215-218
458. Young G.M. Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents?. Geology 23 (1995) 153-156
459. Young G.M. Stratigraphic and tectonic settings of Proterozoic glaciogenic rocks and banded iron-formations; relevance to the snowball Earth debate. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 (2002) 451-466
460. Young G.M., and Gostin V.A. Depositional environment and regional stratigraphic significance of the Serle Conglomerate: a late Proterozoic submarine fan complex, South Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 71 (1989) 237-252
461. Young G.M., and Gostin V.A. Late Proterozoic (Sturtian) succession of the North Flinders Basin, South Australia: an example of temperate glaciation in an active rift setting. In: Anderson J.B., and Ashley G.M. (Eds). Glacial Marine Sedimentation: Paleoclimatic Significance (1991), Geological Society of America Special Paper 207-223
462. Young G.M., and Nesbitt H.W. The Gowganda formation in the southern part of the Huronian outcrop belt, Ontario, Canada: stratigraphy, depositional environments and regional tectonic significance. Precambrian Research 29 (1985) 265-301
463. Young G.M., Von Brunn V., Gold D.J.C., and Minter W.E.L. Earth's oldest reported glaciation: physical and chemical evidence from the Archean Mozaan Group (∼ 2.9 Ga) of South Africa. Journal of Geology 106 (1998) 523-528
464. Young G.M., Long D.G.F., Fedo C.M., and Nesbitt H.W. Paleoproterozoic Huronian basin: product of a Wilson cycle punctuated by glaciations and a meteorite impact. Sedimentary Geology 141 (2001) 233-254
465. Young G.M., Minter W.E.L., and Theron J.N. Geochemistry and palaeogeography of upper Ordovician glaciogenic rocks in the Table Mountain Group, South Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214 (2004) 323-345
466. Zahnle K., and Sleep N.H. Carbon dioxide cycling through the mantle and implications for the climate of ancient Earth. In: Fowler C. (Ed). The Early Earth: Physical Chemical and Biological Development 199 (2002), Geological Society of London, Special Publication 231-257
467. Zhang S., and Barnes C.R. Late Ordovician-Early Silurian (Ashgillian-Llandovery) sea level curve derived from conodont community analysis, Anticosti Island, Quebec. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 180 (2002) 5-32
468. Zhang S., Barnes C.R., and Jowett D.M.S. The paradox of the global standard Late Ordovician-Early Silurian sea level curve: evidence from conodont community analysis from both Canadian Arctic and Appalachian margins. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 236 (2006) 246-271