A fundamental Precambrian-Phanerozoic shift in earth's glacial style?

Tectonophysics

Volumn 375, Issue 1-4, 2003, Pages 353-385

  Evans, D A D ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate feedbacks; Glaciation; Paleoclimate; Paleozoic; Phanerozoic; Precambrian; Tectonics

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE FEEDBACK; GLACIATION; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOLATITUDE; PHANEROZOIC; PRECAMBRIAN;

EID: 0242624887     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00345-7     Document Type: Article

References (271)

1. Abed A.M. Makhlouf I.M. Amireh B.S. Khalil B. Upper Ordovician glacial deposits in southern Jordan Episodes 16 1993 316-328
2. Abolins M.J. Charlton R.L. Wernicke B.P. Ripperdan R.L. Three distinct Neoproterozoic glacial intervals recorded in Western Laurentia and Australia Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 31 7 1999 A485
3. Aceñolaza F.G. Fernández R.I. Manca N. Caracteres bioestratigraficos y paleoambientales del Grupo Mesón (Cámbrico medio-superior), centro-oeste de America del Sur Estudios Geologicos 38 1982 385-392
4. Algeo T.J. Scheckler S.E. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 353 1998 113-130
5. Algeo, T.J., Berner, R.A., Maynard, J.B., Scheckler, S.E., 1995. Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises: 'rooted' in the evolution of vascular land plants? GSA Today 5, p. 45, 64-66.
6. Amireh B.S. Schneider W. Abed A.M. Fluvial-shallow marine-glaciofluvial depositional environments of the Ordovician System in Jordan Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 2001 45-60
7. Andersen T.B. Extensional tectonics in the Caledonides of Southern Norway, an overview Tectonophysics 285 1998 333-351
8. Anderson J.B. Ancient glacial-marine deposits: their spatial and temporal distribution Molnia B.F. Glacial-Marine Sedimentation 1983 3-92 Plenum New York
9. Aspler L.B. Chiaranzelli J.R. Initiation of ca. 2.45-2.1 Ga intracratonic basin sedimentation of the Hurwitz Group, Keewatin Hinterland, Northwest Territories, Canada Precambrian Research 81 1997 265-298
10. Bangert B. Stollhofen H. Lorenz V. Armstrong R. The geochronology and significance of ash-fall tuffs in the glaciogenic Carboniferous-Permian Dwyka Group of Namibia and South Africa Journal of African Earth Sciences 29 1998 33-49
11. Barley M.E. Pickard A.L. Sylvester P.J. Emplacement of a large igneous province as a possible cause of banded iron formation 2.45 billion years ago Nature 385 1997 55-58
12. Barrett P.J. The Devonian to Jurassic Beacon Supergroup of the Transantarctic Mountains and correlatives in other parts of Antarctica Tingey R.J. The Geology of Antarctica, Oxford Monograph on Geology and Geophysics 17 1991 120-152
13. Barron E.J. Washington W.M. Cretaceous climate: a comparison of atmospheric simulations with the geologic record Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 40 1982 103-133
14. Beauchamp B. Permian climatic cooling in the Canadian Arctic Klein G.D. Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 288 1994 229-246
15. Bekker A. Kaufman A.J. Karhu J.A. Beukes N.J. Swart Q.D. Coetzee L.L. Eriksson K.E. Chemostratigraphy of the Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation, South Africa: implications for coupled climate change and carbon cycling American Journal of Science 301 2001 261-285
16. 2 over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 353 1998 75-82
17. Bertrand-Sarfati J. Moussine-Pouchkine A. Amard B. Ät Kaci Ahmed A. First Ediacaran fauna found in West Africa and evidence for an Early Cambrian glaciation Geology 23 1995 133-136
18. Beukes N.J. Cairncross B. A lithostratigraphic-sedimentological reference profile for the Late Archaean Mozaan Group, Pongola Sequence: application to sequence stratigraphy and correlation with the Witwatersrand Supergroup South African Journal of Geology 94 1991 44-69
19. Bloxham J. Sensitivity of the geomagnetic axial dipole to thermal core-mantle interactions Nature 405 2000 63-65
20. Bottjer D.J. Hagadorn J.W. Dornbos S.Q. The Cambrian substrate revolution GSA Today 10 9 2000 1-7
21. 2 content of the atmosphere Earth-Science Reviews 56 2001 1-159
22. Bourman R.P. Alley N.F. Permian glaciated bedrock surfaces and associated sediments on Kangaroo Island, South Australia: implications for local Gondwanan ice-mass dynamics Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46 1999 523-531
23. Braakman J.H. Levell B.K. Martin J.H. Potter T.L. van Vliet A. Late Palaeozoic Gondwana glaciation in Oman Nature 299 1982 48-50
24. Brenchley P.J. Storch P. Environmental changes in the Hirnantian (upper Ordovician) of the Prague Basin, Czechoslovakia Geological Journal 24 1989 165-181
25. Brenchley P.J. Romano M. Young T.P. Storch P. Hirnantian glaciomarine diamictites-evidence for the spread of glaciation and its effect on Upper Ordovician faunas Barnes C.R. Williams S.H. Advances in Ordovician Geology Geological Survey of Canada Paper 90-9 1991 325-336
26. Brenchley P.J. Marshall J.D. Carden G.A.F. Robertson D.B.R. Long D.G.F. Meidla T. Hints L. Anderson T.F. Bathymetric and isotopic evidence for a short-lived Late Ordovician glaciation in a greenhouse period Geology 22 1994 295-298
27. Briden J.C. Irving E. Palaeolatitude spectra of sedimentary palaeoclimatic indicators Nairn A.E.M. Problems in Palaeoclimatology 1964 249-250 Wiley Interscience London
28. Bruckschen P. Oesmann S. Veizer J. Isotope stratigraphy of the European carboniferous: proxy signals for ocean chemistry, climate and tectonics Chemical Geology 161 1999 127-163
29. Buchan K.L. Mortensen J.K. Card K.D. Percival J.A. Paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of diabase dyke swarms of Minto block, Superior Province, Québec, Canada Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35 1998 1054-1069
30. Buchan K.L. Mertanen S. Park R.G. Pesonen L.J. Elming S.A. Abrahamsen N. Bylund G. Comparing the drift of Laurentia and Baltica in the Proterozoic: the importance of key palaeomagnetic poles Tectonophysics 319 2000 167-198
31. Buggisch W. Astini R. The Late Ordovician ice age: new evidence from the Argentine Precordillera Findlay R.H. Unrug R. Banks M.R. Veevers J.J. Gondwana Eight-Assembly, Evolution and Dispersal 1993 439-447 Balkema Rotterdam
32. Burke W.H. Denison R.E. Hetherington E.A. Koepnick R.B. Nelson H.F. Otto J.B. Variation of seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time Geology 10 1982 516-519
33. Caputo M.V. Late Devonian glaciation in South America Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 1985 291-317
34. Caputo M.V. Ordovician-Silurian glaciations and global sea-level changes Landing E. Johnson M.E. Silurian Cycles: Linkages of Dynamic Stratigraphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Tectonic Changes (James Hall Centennial Volume, New York State Museum Bulletin 491) 1998 15-25
35. Caputo M.V. Crowell J.C. Migration of glacial centers across Gondwana during Paleozoic Era Geological Society of America Bulletin 96 1985 1020-1036
36. Chamberlin, T.C., 1899. An attempt to frame a working hypothesis of the cause of glacial periods on an atmospheric basis. Journal of Geology, v.7, p. 545-584, 667-685, 751-787.
37. Christie K.W. Davidson A. Fahrig W.F. The paleomagnetism of Kaminak dikes-No evidence of significant Hudsonian plate motion Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 12 1975 2048-2064
38. Chumakov N.M. Frakes L.A. Mode of origin of dispersed clasts in Jurassic shales, southern part of the Yana-Kolyma fold belt, North East Asia Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 128 1997 77-85
39. Collinson J.W. Isbell J.L. Elliot D.H. Miller M.F. Miller J.M.G. Veevers J.J. Permian-triassic transantarctic basin Veevers J.J. Powell C.McA. Permian-Triassic Pangean Basins and Foldbelts Along the Panthalassan Margin of Gondwanaland Geological Society of America Memoir vol. 184 1994 173-222
40. Cornell D.H. Schütte S.S. Eglington B.L. The Ongeluk basaltic andesite formation in Griqualand West, South Africa: submarine alteration in a 2222 Ma Proterozoic sea Precambrian Research 79 1996 101-123
41. Crowell J.C. Ice ages recorded on Gondwanan continents Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 86 1983 237-262
42. Crowell J.C. Pre-Mesozoic Ice Ages: their bearing on understanding the climate system Geological Society of America Memoir 192 1999
43. Crowley T.J. Baum S.K. Modeling late Paleozoic glaciation Geology 20 1992 507-510
44. Crowley T.J. Mengel J.G. Short D.A. Gondwanaland's seasonal cycle Nature 329 1987 803-807
45. Crowley T.J. Baum S.K. Kim K.-Y. General circulation model sensitivity experiments with pole-centered supercontinents Journal of Geophysical Research 98 1993 8793-8800
46. Culver S.J. Pojeta J.Jr. Repetski J.E. First record of Early Cambrian shelly microfossils from West Africa Geology 16 1988 596-599
47. Deynoux M. Terrestrial or waterlain glacial diamictites? Three case studies from the Late Precambrian and Late Ordovician glacial drifts in West Africa Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 1985 97-141
48. Dickins J.M. Late Palaeozoic glaciation BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 9 1985 163-169
49. Dickins J.M. Problems of a Late Palaeozoic glaciation in Australia and subsequent climate in the Permian Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 125 1996 185-197
50. Dickins J.M. Some problems of the Permian (Asselian) glaciation and the subsequent climate in the Permian Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 243-245 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
51. Doré F. Dupret L. Le Gall J. Tillites et tillödes du Massif armoricain Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 1985 85-96
52. Edmond J.M. Himalayan tectonics, weathering processes, and the strontium isotope record in marine limestones Science 258 1992 1594-1597
53. El-Nakhal H.A. Possible late Palaeozoic glaciation in the central parts of the Yemen Arab Republic Journal of Glaciology 30 104 1984 126-128
54. England P. Molnar P. Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of rocks Geology 18 1990 1173-1177
55. Eriksson P.G. Reczko B.F.F. Merkle R.K.W. Schreiber U.M. Engelbrecht J.P. Res M. Snyman C.P. Early Proterozoic black shales of the Timeball Hill Formation, South Africa: volcanogenic and palaeoenvironmental influences Journal of African Earth Sciences 18 1994 325-337
56. Eriksson P.G. Hattingh P.J. Altermann W. An overview of the geology of the Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex, South Africa Mineralium Deposita 30 1995 98-111
57. Evans D.A. True polar wander, a supercontinental legacy Earth and Planetary Science Letters 157 1998 1-8
58. Evans D.A.D. Early Paleoproterozoic glaciation in the context of Earth's first supercontinents Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 31 7 1999 372
59. Evans D.A.D. Stratigraphic, geochronological, and paleomagnetic constraints upon the Neoproterozoic climatic paradox American Journal of Science 300 2000 347-433
60. Evans D.A.D. Quantitative reconstruction of Archean-Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Kenorland Abstracts, 16th Australian Geological Convention 2002
61. Evans D.A.D. True polar wander and supercontinents Tectonophysics 362 2003 303-320
62. Evans K.V. Clemons R.E. Cambrian-Ordovician (500 Ma) alkalic plutonism in southwestern New Mexico: U-Th-Pb isotopic data from the Florida Mountains American Journal of Science 288 1988 735-755
63. Evans D.A.D. Raub T.D. Can a persistently non-uniformitarian Neoproterozoic-Cambrian geomagnetic field explain rapid and oscillatory APW motions? Chapman Conference Abstracts Gainesville, Florida, March 9-12 2003
64. Evans D.A. Beukes N.J. Kirschvink J.L. Low-latitude glaciation in the Palaeoproterozoic Era Nature 386 1997 262-266
65. Eyles N. Earth's glacial record and its tectonic setting Earth-Science Reviews 35 1993 1-248
66. Eyles C.H. Eyles N. Subaqueous mass flow origin for Lower Permian diamictites and associated facies of the Grant Group, Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia Sedimentology 47 2000 343-356
67. Eyles N. González-Bonorino G. França A.B. Eyles C.H. López Paulsen O. Hydrocarbon-bearing late Paleozoic glaciated basins of southern and central South America Tankard A.J. Suárez R. Welsink H.J. Petroleum Basins of South America American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir vol. 62 1995 165-183
68. Eyles N. Eyles C.H. Gostin V.A. Iceberg rafting and scouring in the Early Permian Shoalhaven Group of New South Wales, Australia: evidence of Heinrich-like events? Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 136 1997 1-17
69. Eyles N. Mory A.J. Backhouse J. Carboniferous-Permian palynostratigraphy of west Australian marine rift basins: resolving tectonic and eustatic controls during Gondwanan glaciations Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 184 2002 305-319
70. Fahrig W.F. Christie K.W. Eade K.E. Tella S. Paleomagnetism of the Tulemalu dykes, Northwest Territories, Canada Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21 1984 544-553
71. Fischer A.G. Two Phanerozoic supercycles Berggren W.A. van Couvering J.A. Catastrophes and Earth History 1984 129-150 Princeton Univ. Press Princeton
72. Frakes L.A. Francis J.E. Syktus J.I. Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic 1992 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
73. França A.B. Milani E.J. Schneider R.L., et-al. Phanerozoic correlation in southern South America Tankard A.J. Suárez R. Welsink H.J. Petroleum Basins of South America American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir vol. 62 1995 129-161
74. Friedmann G.M. Pangean orogenic and epeirogenic uplifts and their possible climatic significance Klein G.D. Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 288 1994 159-167
75. Friedrich A.M. Bowring S.A. Martin M.W. Hodges K.V. Short-lived continental magmatic arc at Connemara, western Irish Caledonides: implications for the age of the Grampian orogeny Geology 27 1999 27-30
76. Gabbott S.E. Aldridge R.J. Theron J.N. Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity Journal of the Geological Society of London 155 1998 447-452
77. Gaetani M. Garzanti E. Multicyclic history of the northern India continental margin (NW Himalaya) American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 75 1991 1427-1446
78. Gagnier P.Y. Blieck A. Emig C.C. Sempere T. Vachard D. Vanguestaine M. New paleontological and geological data on the Ordovician and Silurian of Bolivia Journal of South American Earth Sciences 9 1996 329-347
79. Garzanti E. Sciunnach D. Early Carboniferous onset of Gondwanian glaciation and Neo-tethyan rifting in South Tibet Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148 1997 359-365
80. Geissman J.W. Jackson M. Harlan S.S. Van der Voo R. Paleomagnetism of latest Cambrian-Early Ordovician and latest Cretaceous-early Tertiary rocks of the Florida Mountains, southwest New Mexico Journal of Geophysical Research 96 1991 6053-6071
81. Gesicki A.L.D. Riccomini C. Boggiani P.C. Ice flow direction during late Paleozoic glaciation in western Paraná Basin, Brazil Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14 2002 933-939
82. Ghienne J.F. Late Ordovician sedimentary environments, glacial cycles, and post-glacial transgression in the Taoudeni Basin, West Africa Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 189 2003 117-145
83. Ghienne J.F. Deynoux M. Large-scale channel fill structures in Late Ordovician glacial deposits in Mauritania, western Sahara Sedimentary Geology 119 1998 141-159
84. Gilliland R.L. Solar evolution Global and Planetary Change 1 1989 35-55
85. González C.R. Development of the Late Paleozoic glaciations of the South American Gondwana in western Argentina Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 79 1990 275-287
86. González C.R. Upper Palaeozoic glaciation and Carboniferous and Permian faunal changes in Argentina Dickins J.M. Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific Events and Their Global Correlation 1997 235-241 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
87. González-Bonorino G. Carboniferous glaciation in Gondwana. Evidence for grounded marine ice and continental glaciation in southwestern Argentina Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 91 1992 363-375
88. González-Bonorino G. Eyles N. Inverse relation between ice extent and the late Paleozoic glacial record of Gondwana Geology 23 1995 1015-1018
89. Graham J.R. The nature and field relations of the Ordovician Maumtrasna Formation, County Mayo, Ireland Geological Journal 22 1987 347-369
90. Grahn Y. Caputo M.V. Early Silurian glaciations in Brazil Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 99 1992 9-15
91. Gresse P.G. Germs G.J.B. The Nama foreland basin: sedimentation, major unconformity bounded sequences and multisided active margin advance Precambrian Research 63 1993 247-272
92. Grey K. Corkeron M. Late Neoproterozoic stromatolites in glacigenic successions of the Kimberley region, Western Australia: evidence for a younger Marinoan glaciation Precambrian Research 92 1998 65-87
93. Grotzinger J.P. Bowring S.A. Saylor B.Z. Kaufman A.J. Biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution Science 270 1995 598-604
94. Grunow A.M. Gondwana events and palaeogeography: a palaeomagnetic review Journal of African Earth Sciences 28 1999 53-69
95. Grunow A.M. Kent D.V. Dalziel I.W.D. New paleomagnetic data from Thurston Island: Implications for the tectonics of West Antarctica and Weddell Sea opening Journal of Geophysical Research 96 B11 1991 17935-17954
96. Gutzmer J. Nhleko N. Beukes N.J. Pickard A. Barley M.E. Geochemistry and ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age of a quartz porphyry sill in the Mozaan Group of the Pongola Supergroup: implications for the Pongola and Witwatersrand Supergroups South African Journal of Geology 102 1999 139-146
97. Hambrey M.J. The Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glacial record Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 51 1985 273-289
98. Hambrey M.J. Harland W.B. Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record 1981 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
99. Harris L.B. Structural and tectonic synthesis for the Perth Basin, Western Australia Journal of Petroleum Geology 17 1994 129-156
100. Heaman L.M. Global mafic magmatism at 2.45 Ga: remnants of an ancient large igneous province Geology 25 1997 299-302
101. Heckman D.S. Geiser D.M. Eidell B.R. Stauffer R.L. Kardos N.L. Hedges S.B. Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants Science 293 1999 1129-1133
102. Hegner E. Kröner A. Hofmann A.W. Age and isotope geochemistry of the Archaean Pongola and Usushwana suites in Swaziland, southern Africa: a case for crustal contamination of mantle-derived magma Earth and Planetary Science Letters 70 1984 267-279
103. Hegner E. Kröner A. Hunt P. A precise U-Pb zircon age for the Archaean Pongola Supergroup volcanics in Swaziland Journal of African Earth Sciences 18 1994 339-341
104. Henderson-Sellers B. Henderson-Sellers A. Modelling the ocean climate for the early Archean Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 75 1989 195-221
105. Hilburn, I.A., Kirschvink, J.L., Tada, R., Tajika, E., Hamano, Y., 2002. A negative fold test on the Lorrain Formation of the Huronian Supergroup: Uncertainty on the paleolatitude of the Paleoproterozoic Gowganda glaciation. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts.
106. Hoffman P.F. Tectonic genealogy of North America van der Pluijm B.A. Marshak S. Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics 1996 459-464 McGraw-Hill New York
107. Hoffman P.F. Schrag D.P. Snowball Earth Scientific American 282 1 2000 62-75
108. Hoffman P.F. Schrag D.P. The snowball Earth hypothesis: testing the limits of global change Terra Nova 14 2002 129-155
109. Hoffman P.F. Kaufman A.J. Halverson G.P. Schrag D.P. A Neoproterozoic snowball Earth Science 281 1998 1342-1346
110. Houston, R.S., Karlstrom, K.E., Graff, P.J., Flurkey, A.J., 1992. New stratigraphic subdivisions and redefinition of subdivisions of Late Archean and Early Proterozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains, southern Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1520. 50 pp.
111. Huang K. Opdyke N.D. Paleomagnetic results from the Upper Carboniferous of the Shan-Thai-Malay block of western Yunnan, China Tectonophysics 192 1991 333-344
112. Hyde W.T. Crowley T.J. Baum S.K. Peltier W.R. Neoproterozoic 'snowball Earth' simulations with a coupled climate/ice-sheet model Nature 405 2000 425-429
113. Irving E. Palaeomagnetic and palaeoclimatological aspects of polar wandering Geofisica Pura e Applicata 33 1956 23-41
114. Irving E. Briden J.C. Paleolatitude of evaporite deposits Nature 196 1962 425-428
115. Isbell J.L. Seegers G.M. Gelhar G.A. Upper Paleozoic glacial and postglacial deposits, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 230-242 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
116. Jones M.J. Truswell E.M. Late Carboniferous and Early Permian palynostratigraphy of the Joe Joe Group, southern Galilee Basin, Queensland, and implications for Gondwanan stratigraphy BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 13 1992 143-185
117. Karlstrom K.E. Flurkey A.J. Houston R.S. Stratigraphy and depositional setting of the Proterozoic Snowy Pass Supergroup, southeastern Wyoming: Record of an early Proterozoic Atlantic-type cratonic margin Geological Society of America Bulletin 94 1983 1257-1274
118. Kennett J.P. Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctic Ocean, and their impact on global palaeoceanography Journal of Geophysical Research 82 1977 3843-3860
119. Kent D.V. Smethurst M.A. Shallow bias of paleomagnetic inclinations in the Paleozoic and Precambrian Earth and Planetary Science Letters 160 1998 391-402
120. Kent D.V. Van der Voo R. Palaeozoic palaeogeography from palaeomagnetism of the Atlantic-bordering continents McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 49-56
121. Keppie J.D. Ramos V.A. Odyssey of terranes in the Iapetus and Rheic oceans during the Paleozoic Ramos V.A. Keppie J.D. Laurentia-Gondwana Connections before Pangea: Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 336 1999 267-276
122. Key R.M. Tidi J. McGeorge I. Aitken G. Cadman A. Anscombe J. The Lower Karoo Supergroup geology of the southeastern part of the Gemsbok Sub-basin of the Kalahari Basin, Botswana South African Journal of Geology 101 1998 225-236
123. Khramov A.N. Ustritsky V.I. Paleopositions of some northern Eurasian tectonic blocks: paleomagnetic and paleobiologic constraints Tectonophysics 184 1990 101-109
124. Kirchner J.W. The Gaia hypothesis: fact, theory, and wishful thinking Climatic Change 52 2002 391-408
125. Kirschvink J.L. Late Proterozoic low-latitude glaciation: the snowball Earth Schopf J.W. Klein C. The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study 1992 51-52 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
126. Kirschvink J.L. Gaidos E.J. Bertani L.E. Beukes N.J. Gutzmer J. Maepa L.N. Steinberger R.E. Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: extreme climatic and geochemical global change and its biological consequences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97 2000 1400-1405
127. Klitzsch E.H. Squyres C.H. Paleozoic and Mesozoic geological history of northeastern Africa based upon new interpretation of Nubian strata American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 74 1990 1203-1211
128. Krapez B. Sequence stratigraphic concepts applied to the identification of basin-filling rhythms in Precambrian successions Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43 1996 355-380
129. Kruck W. Thiele J. Late Palaeozoic glacial deposits in the Yemen Arab Republic Geologisches Jahrbuch Reihe B 46 1983 3-29
130. 2 during the Late Ordovician Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 152 1999 173-187
131. Layer P.W. Kröner A. McWilliams M. Burghele A. Paleomagnetism and age of the Archean Usushwana Complex, southern Africa Journal of Geophysical Research 93 1988 449-457
132. Lear C.H. Elderfield H. Wilson P.A. Cenozoic seawater Sr/Ca record from benthic foraminiferal calcite and its application in determining global weathering fluxes Earth and Planetary Science Letters 208 2003 69-84
133. Leitch E.M. Vasisht G. Mass extinctions and the sun's encounters with spiral arms New Astronomy 3 1998 51-56
134. Lenton T.M. Gaia and natural selection Nature 394 1998 439-447
135. Lenton T.M. Testing Gaia: the effect of life on Earth's habitability and regulation Climatic Change 52 2002 409-422
136. Levell B.K. Braakman J.H. Rutten K.W. Oil-bearing sediments of Gondwana glaciation in Oman American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 72 1988 775-796
137. Limarino C. Gutierrez P. Diamictites in the Agua Colorada Formation (northwestern Argentina): new evidence of Carboniferous glaciation in South America Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3 1990 9-20
138. Lindström S. Early Permian palynostratigraphy of the northern Heimefrontfjella mountain-range, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 89 1995 359-415
139. Loboziak S. Melo J.H.G. Streel M. Reassessment of Viséan miospore biostratigraphy in the Amazon Basin, northern Brazil Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 104 1998 143-155
140. Long D.G.F. A non-glacial origin for the Ordovician (Middle Caradocian) Cosquer Formation, Veryarc'h, Crozon Peninsula, Brittany, France Geological Journal 26 1991 279-293
141. López-Gamund́ O.R. Glacial-postglacial transition in the Late Paleozoic basins of southern South America Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Global Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian and Proterozoic 1997 147-168 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
142. López-Gamund́ O.R. Rossello E.A. Basin fill evolution and paleotectonic patterns along the Samfrau geosyncline: the Sauce Grande basin-Ventana foldbelt (Argentina) and Karoo basin-Cape foldbelt (South Africa) revisited Geologische Rundschau 86 1998 819-834
143. Lottes A.L. Rowley D.B. Reconstruction of the Laurasian and Gondwanan segments of Permian Pangaea McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 383-395
144. Lovelock J.E. Margulis L.M. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis Tellus 26 1974 2-10
145. Mac Niocaill C. van der Pluijm B.A. Van der Voo R. Ordovician paleogeography and the evolution of the Iapetus ocean Geology 25 1997 159-162
146. Marmo J.S. Ojakangas R.W. Lower Proterozoic glaciogenic deposits, eastern Finland Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 1984 1055-1062
147. Marshall H.G. Walker J.C.G. Kuhn W.R. Long-term climate change and the geochemical cycle of carbon Journal of Geophysical Research 93 1988 791-801
148. Martin D.McB. Depositional setting and implications of Paleoproterozoic glaciomarine sedimentation in the Hamersley Province, Western Australia Geological Society of America Bulletin 111 1999 189-203
149. Matsch C.L. Ojakangas R.W. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Whiteout Conglomerate; An upper Paleozoic glacigenic unit, Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica Webers G.F. Craddock C. Splettstoesser J.F. Geology and Paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica Geological Society of America Memoir vol. 170 1992 37-62
150. McElhinny M.W. Powell C.McA. Pisarevsky S.A. Paleozoic terranes of eastern Australia and the drift history of Gondwana Tectonophysics 362 2003 41-65
151. McGillivray J.G. Husseini M.I. The Paleozoic petroleum geology of central Arabia American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 76 1992 1473-1490
152. Meert J.G. Van der Voo R. The Neoproterozoic (1000-540 Ma) glacial interval: no more snowball Earth? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 123 1994 1-13
153. Menzies J. Microstructures in diamictites of the lower Gowganda Formation (Huronian), near Elliot Lake, Ontario: evidence for deforming-bed conditions at the grounding line? Journal of Sedimentary Research 70 2000 210-216
154. Mertanen S. Halls H.C. Vuollo J.I. Pesonen L.J. Stepanov V.S. Paleomagnetism of 2.44-Ga mafic dykes in Russian Karelia, eastern Fennoscandian Shield-implications for continental reconstructions Precambrian Research 98 1999 197-221
155. Miall A.D. Glaciomarine sedimentation in the Gowganda Formation (Huronian), Northern Ontario Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 53 1983 477-492
156. Miall A.D. Sedimentation on an early Proterozoic continental margin under glacial influence: the Gowganda Formation (Huronian), Elliot Lake area, Ontario, Canada Sedimentology 32 1985 763-788
157. Mii H. Grossman E.L. Yancey T.E. Carboniferous isotope stratigraphies of North America: implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography and Mississippian glaciation Geological Society of America Bulletin 111 1999 960-973
158. Mii H. Grossman E.L. Yancey T.E. Chuvashov B. Egorov A. Isotope records of brachiopod shells from the Russian platform: evidence for the onset of mid-Carboniferous glaciation Chemical Geology 175 2001 133-147
159. Miller J.M.G. Waugh B.J. Permo-Carboniferous glacial sedimentation in the central Transantarctic Mountains and its palaeotectonic implications (Extended abstract) Thomson M.R.A. Crame J.A. Thomson J.W. Geological Evolution of Antarctica 1991 205-208 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
160. Modie B.N. A glacigenic interpretation of a neoarchaean (≈2.78 Ga) volcanogenic sedimentary sequence in the Nnywane formation, Sikwane, Southeast Botswana Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 2002 163-175
161. Molyneux S.G. An upper Dalradian microfossil reassessed Journal of the Geological Society of London 155 1998 741-743
162. Moore T.L. A software "tool kit" in C for the application of spherical geodesic grids in paleoclimatology Computers - Geosciences 24 1998 965-978
163. Moore T.L. Worsley T.R. Orogenic enhancement of weathering and continental ice-sheet initiation Klein G.D. Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 288 1994 75-89
164. Morel P. Irving E. Tentative paleocontinental maps for the early Phanerozoic and Proterozoic Journal of Geology 86 1978 535-561
165. Morey G.B. Continental margin assemblage Sims P.K. Carter L.M.H. Archean and Proterozoic Geology of the Lake Superior Region, U.S.A. 1993 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper vol. 1556 1996 30-44
166. Mustard P.S. Donaldson J.A. Early Proterozoic ice-proximal glaciomarine deposition: Lower Gowganda Formation at Cobalt, Ontario, Canada Geological Society of America Bulletin 98 1987 373-387
167. Nance R.D. Worsley T.R. Moody J.B. The supercontinent cycle Scientific American 259 1988 72-79
168. Néron de Surgy O. Laskar J. On the long term evolution of the spin of the Earth Astronomy and Astrophysics 318 1997 975-989
169. Nicholas J. Bildgen P. Relations between the location of the karst bauxites in the northern hemisphere, the global tectonics, and the climatic variations during geological time Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 28 1979 205-239
170. Nie S. Rowley D.B. Ziegler A.M. Constraints on the locations of Asian microcontinents in Palaeo-Tethys during the Late Palaeozoic McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 397-409
171. Nyambe I.A. Utting J. Stratigraphy and palynostratigraphy, Karoo Supergroup (Permian and Triassic), mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia Journal of African Earth Sciences 24 1997 563-583
172. O'Brien P.E. Lindsay J.F. Knauer K. Sexton M.J. Sequence stratigraphy of a sandstone-rich Permian glacial succession, Fitzroy Trough, Canning Basin, Western Australia Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45 1998 533-545
173. Ojakangas R.W. Glaciation: An uncommon 'mega-event' as a key to intracontinental and intercontinental correlation of Early Proterozoic basin fill, North American and Baltic cratons Kleinspehn K.L. Paola C. New Perspectives in Basin Analysis 1988 431-444 Springer-Verlag New York
174. Opdyke N.D. Palaeoclimatology and continental drift Runcorn S.K. Continental Drift 1962 41-65 Academic Press New York
175. Otto-Bliesner B.L. Continental drift, runoff, and weathering feedbacks: implications from climate model experiments Journal of Geophysical Research 100 D6 1995 11537-11548
176. Owen T. Cess R.D. Ramanathan V. Early Earth: an enhanced carbon dioxide greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity Nature 277 1979 640-642
177. Pais M.A. Le Mouël J.L. Lambeck K. Poirier J.P. Late Precambrian paradoxical glaciation and obliquity of the Earth-A discussion of dynamical constraints Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174 1999 155-171
178. Paris F. Deynoux M. Ghienne J.-F. Découverte de Chitinozoaires à la limite Ordovicien-Silurien en Mauritanie; implications paléogéographiques Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences IIb 326 1998 499-504
179. Parrish J.T. Ziegler A.M. Scotese C.R. Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 40 1982 67-101
180. 4 in the atmosphere of early Earth Journal of Geophysical Research 105 E5 2000 11981-11990
181. Peterson K.J. Hanselman C.M. Lyons J.B. Moy V.N. Nowak K.S. Takacs C.M. Wargo M.J. McPeek M.A. Estimating metazoan divergence times with a molecular clock Proceedings of the Royal Academy, London, Series B 2003
182. Powell C.McA. Veevers J.J. Namurian uplift in Australia and South America triggered the main Gondwanan glaciation Nature 326 1987 177-179
183. Powell J.H. Moh'd B.K. Masri A. Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciofluvial deposits preserved in palaeovalleys in South Jordan Sedimentary Geology 89 1994 303-314
184. Price G.D. The evidence and implications of polar ice during the Mesozoic Earth-Science Reviews 48 1999 183-210
185. 86Sr record of lowland Himalayan rivers Science 276 1997 1828-1831
186. Ramos V.A. The Southern Central Andes Cordani U.G. Milani E.J. Thomaz-Filho A. Campos D.A. Tectonic Evolution of South America (Rio de Janeiro, 31st International Geological Congress) 2000 561-604
187. Rasbury E.T. Hanson G.N. Meyers W.J. Holt W.E. Goldstein R.H. Saller A.H. U-Pb dates of paleosols: constraints on late Paleozoic cycle durations and boundary ages Geology 26 1998 403-406
188. Rasmussen B. Bose P.K. Sarkar S. Banerjee S. Fletcher I.R. McNaughton N.J. 1.6 Ga U-Pb zircon age for the Chorhat Sandstone, lower Vindhyan, India: possible implications for early evolution of animals Geology 30 2002 103-106
189. Ray J.S. Martin M.W. Veizer J. Bowring S.A. U-Pb zircon dating and Sr isotope systematics of the Vindhyan Supergroup, India Geology 30 2002 131-134
190. Raymo M.E. Geochemical evidence supporting T.C. Chamberlain's theory of glaciation Geology 19 1991 344-347
191. Raymo M.E. Ruddiman W.F. Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate Nature 359 1992 117-122
192. Reid M.J. Readhead A.C.S. Vermeulen R.C. Treuhaft R.N. The proper motion of Sagittarius A. I. First VLBA results Astrophysical Journal 524 1999 816-823
193. Retallack G.J. Early forest soils and their role in Devonian climate change Science 276 1997 583-585
194. Robardet M. Doré F. The Late Ordovician diamictic formations from southwestern Europe: North-Gondwana glaciomarine deposits Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66 1988 19-31
195. Robardet M. Paris F. Racheboeuf P.R. Palaeogeographic evolution of southwestern Europe during Early Palaeozoic times McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 411-419
196. Roberts J. Claoue-Long J. Jones P.J. Foster C.B. SHRIMP zircon age control of Gondwanan sequences in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian Australia Dunay R.E. Hailwood E.A. Non-biostratigraphical Methods of Dating and Correlation Geological Society of London Special Publication vol. 89 1995 145-174
197. Ruddiman W.F. Kutzbach J.E. Forcing of late Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in southeast Asia and the American Southwest Journal of Geophysical Research 94 1989 409-427
198. Rye R. Kuo P.H. Holland H.D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations before 2.2 billion years ago Nature 378 1995 603-605
199. Sagan C. Mullen G. Earth and Mars: evolution of atmospheres and surface temperatures Science 177 1972 52-56
200. 2? Geology 31 2003 151-154
201. Sanchez T.M. Benedetto J.L. Brussa E. Late Ordovician stratigraphy, paleoecology, and sea level changes in the Argentine Precordillera Barnes C.R. Williams S.H. Advances in Ordovician Geology Geological Survey of Canada Paper vol. 90-9 1991 245-257
202. Saxena G.N. Assefa G. New evidence on the age of the glacial rocks of northern Ethiopia Geological Magazine 120 1983 549-554
203. Schenk P.E. Meguma Zone Williams H. Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada vol. 6 1995 261-277
204. Schmidt P.W. Clark D.A. Rajagopalan S. An historical perspective of the Early Palaeozoic APWP of Gondwana: new results from the Early Ordovician Black Hill Norite, South Australia Exploration Geophysics 24 1993 257-262
205. Schmidt P.W. Williams G.E. Paleomagnetism of the Paleoproterozoic hematitic breccia and paleosol at Ville-Marie, Québec: further evidence for the low paleolatitude of Huronian glaciation Earth and Planetary Science Letters 172 1999 273-285
206. Schrag D.P. Berner R.A. Hoffman P.F. Halverson G.P. On the initiation of a snowball Earth Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 3 2002
207. Schwartzman D.W. Volk T. Biotic enhancement of weathering and the habitability of Earth Nature 340 1989 457-460
208. Schwartzman D.W. McMenamin M. A much warmer Earth surface for most of geologic time: implications to biotic weathering Chemical Geology 107 1993 221-223
209. Scotese C.R. Barrett S.F. Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Palaeozoic: evidence from lithological indicators of climate McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 75-85
210. Scotese C.R. Boucot A.J. McKerrow W.S. Gondwanan palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology Journal of African Earth Sciences 28 1999 99-114
211. Shaviv N.J. Cosmic ray diffusion from the galactic spiral arms, iron meteorites, and a possible climatic connection Physical Review Letters 89 5 2002
212. Shaviv N.J. The spiral structure of the Milky Way, cosmic rays, and ice age epochs on Earth New Astronomy 8 2003 39-77
213. Smith A.G. Estimates of Earth's spin (geographic) axis relative to Gondwana from glacial sediments and paleomagnetism Earth-Science Reviews 42 1997 161-179
214. Smith L.B.Jr. Read J.F. Rapid onset of late Paleozoic glaciation on Gondwana: evidence from Upper Mississippian strata of the Midcontinent, United States Geology 28 2000 279-282
215. Steiner J. Grillmair E. Possible galactic causes of periodic and episodic glaciations Geological Society of America Bulletin 84 1973 1003
216. Stoker M.S. Howe J.A. Stoker S.J. Late Vendian-? Cambrian glacially influenced deep-water sedimentation, Macduff Slate Formation (Dalradian), NE Scotland Journal of the Geological Society of London 156 1999 55-61
217. Stollhofen H. Stanistreet I.G. Bangert B. Grill H. Tuffs, tectonism and glacially related sea-level changes, Carboniferous-Permian, southern Namibia Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 161 1999 127-150
218. Storch P. Upper Ordovician-lower Silurian sequences of the Bohemian Massif, central Europe Geological Magazine 127 1990 225-239
219. Strand K.O. Laajoki K. Palaeoproterozoic glaciomarine sedimentation in an extensional tectonic setting: the Honkala Formation, Finland Precambrian Research 64 1993 253-271
220. Sutcliffe O.E. Dowdeswell J.A. Whittington R.J. Theron J.N. Craig J. Calibrating the Late Ordovician glaciation and mass extinction by the eccentricity cycles of Earth's orbit Geology 28 2000 967-970
221. Tait J. Bachtadse V. Soffel H. Upper Ordovician palaeogeography of the Bohemian Massif: implications for Armorica Geophysical Journal International 122 1995 211-218
222. Tella S. LeCheminant A.N. Sanborn-Barrie M. Venance K.E. Geology and structure of parts of MacQuoid Lake map area, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories Geological Survey of Canada Current Research 1997-C 1997 123-132
223. Thomas M.F. Geomorphology in the Tropics: A Study of Weathering and Denudation in Low Latitudes 1994 Wiley Chichester
224. Torsvik T.H. Van der Voo R. Refining Gondwana and Pangea palaeogeography: estimates of Phanerozoic non-dipole (octupole) fields Geophysical Journal International 151 2002 771-794
225. Ueno K. The Permian fusulinoidean faunas of the Sibumasu and Baoshan blocks: their implications for the paleogeographic and paleoclimatologic reconstruction of the Cimmerian Continent Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 193 2003 1-24
226. Underwood C.J. Deynoux M. Ghienne J.F. High palaeolatitude (Hodh, Mauritania) recovery of graptolite faunas after the Hirnantian (end Ordovician) extinction event Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 142 1998 91-105
227. Van der Voo R. Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans 1993 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
228. Vaslet D. Upper Ordovician glacial deposits in Saudi Arabia Episodes 13 3 1990 147-161
229. Veevers J.J. Tectonic-climatic supercycle in the billion-year plate-tectonic eon: Permian Pangean icehouse alternates with Cretaceous dispersed-continents greenhouse Sedimentary Geology 68 1990 1-16
230. Veevers J.J. Pangea: evolution of a supercontinent and its consequences for Earth's paleoclimate and sedimentary environments Klein G.D. Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 288 1994 13-23
231. Villas E. Vennin E. Álvaro J.J. Hammann W. Herrera Z.A. Piovano E.L. The late Ordovician carbonate sedimentation as a major triggering factor of the Hirnantian glaciation Bulletin Societe Geologique de France 173 2003 569-578
232. Visser J.N.J. A review of the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation in Africa Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 169-191 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
233. Von Brunn V. Gold D.J.C. Diamictite in the Archaean Pongola Sequence of southern Africa Journal of African Earth Sciences 16 1993 367-374
234. Walker J.C.G. Hays P.B. Kasting J.F. A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth's surface Journal of Geophysical Research 86 1981 9776-9782
235. Wang X.-D. Ueno K. Mizuno Y. Sugiyama T. Late Paleozoic faunal, climatic, and geographic changes in the Baoshan block as a Gondwana-derived continental fragment in southwest China Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 170 2001 197-218
236. Warren J. Evaporites: Their Evolution and Economics 1999 Blackwell Science Oxford
237. Watson A.J. Coevolution of the Earth's environment and life: Goldilocks, Gaia and the anthropic principle Craig G.Y. Hull J.H. James Hutton: Present and Future Geological Society of London Special Publication vol. 150 1999 75-88
238. Wescott W.A. Diggens J.N. Depositional history and stratigraphical evolution of the Sakoa Group (Lower Karoo Supergroup) in the southern Morondava Basin, Madagascar Journal of African Earth Sciences 24 1997 585-601
239. Williams G.E. Late Precambrian glacial climate and the Earth's obliquity Geological Magazine 112 1975 441-465
240. Williams G.E. Possible relation between periodic glaciation and flexure of the galaxy Earth and Planetary Science Letters 26 1975 361-369
241. Williams G.E. History of the Earth's obliquity Earth-Science Reviews 34 1993 1-45
242. Williams G.E. Schmidt P.W. Origin and palaeomagnetism of the Mesoproterozoic Gangau tilloid (basal Vindhyan Supergroup), central India Precambrian Research 79 1996 307-325
243. Williams G.E. Schmidt P.W. Paleomagnetism of the Paleoproterozoic Gowganda and Lorrain formations, Ontario: low paleolatitude for Huronian glaciation Earth and Planetary Science Letters 153 1997 157-169
244. Williams H. Currie K.L. Piasecki M.A.J. The Dog Bay Line: a major Silurian tectonic boundary in northeast Newfoundland Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 1993 2481-2494
245. Williams H. Dean P.L. Pickering K.T. Botwood Belt Williams H. Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada vol. 6 1995 413-420
246. Williams D.M. Kasting J.F. Frakes L.A. Low-latitude glaciation and rapid changes in the Earth's obliquity explained by obliquity-oblateness feedback Nature 396 1998 453-455
247. Wilson K.M. Pollard D. Hay W.W. Thompson S.L. Wold C.N. General circulation model simulations of Triassic climates: preliminary results Klein G.D. Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 288 1994 91-116
248. Wingate M.T.D. A palaeomagnetic test of the Kaapvaal-Pilbara (Vaalbara) connection at 2.78 Ga South African Journal of Geology 101 1998 257-274
249. Wingate M.T.D. Pisarevsky S.A. Evans D.A.D. Rodinia connections between Australia and Laurentia: no SWEAT, no AUSWUS? Terra Nova 14 2002 121-128
250. Winn R.D.Jr. Steinmetz J.C. Upper Paleozoic strata of the Chaco-Paraná basin, Argentina, and the great Gondwana glaciation Journal of South American Earth Sciences 11 1998 153-168
251. Witzke B.J. Palaeoclimatic constraints for Palaeozoic palaeolatitudes of Laurentia and Euramerica McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 57-73
252. Woodwell G. Mackenzie F. Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System: Will the Warming Feed the Warming? 1995 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
253. Wopfner H. Gondwana origin of the Baoshan and Tengchong terranes of west Yunnan Hall R. Blundell D. Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia Geological Society of London Special Publication vol. 106 1996 539-547
254. Wopfner H. The Early Permian deglaciation event between East Africa and northwestern Australia Journal of African Earth Sciences 29 1999 77-90
255. Wopfner H. Cassyhap S.M. Transition from freezing to subtropical climates in the Permo-Carboniferous of Afro-Arabia and India Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 192-212 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
256. Wopfner H. Diekmann B. The Late Palaeozoic Idusi Formation of southwest Tanzania: a record of change from glacial to postglacial conditions Journal of African Earth Sciences 22 1996 575-595
257. Worsley T.R. Nance R.D. Carbon redox and climate control through Earth history: a speculative reconstruction Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 75 1989 259-282
258. Worsley T.R. Nance R.D. Moody J.B. Global tectonics and eustasy for the past 2 billion years Marine Geology 58 1984 373-400
259. Wright V.P. Vanstone S.D. Onset of Late Palaeozoic glacio-eustasy and the evolving climates of low latitude areas: a synthesis of current understanding Journal of the Geological Society of London 158 2001 579-582
260. Wycisk P. Klitzsch E. Jas C. Reynolds O. Intracratonal sequence development and structural control of Phanerozoic strata in Sudan Berliner Geowissenschaft Abhandlungen (A) 120.1 1990 45-86
261. Yang W. Permian Gondwana glaciation and associated microfloras in southwest China Journal of African Earth Sciences 27 1A 1998 214-215
262. Young G.M. Tectono-sedimentary history of early Proterozoic rocks of the northern Great Lakes region Medaris L.G.Jr. Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region Geological Society of America Memoir vol. 160 1983 15-32
263. Young T.P. The lithostratigraphy of the upper Ordovician of central Portugal Journal of the Geological Society of London 145 1988 377-392
264. Young T.P. Ordovician sedimentary facies and faunas of Southwest Europe: palaeogeographic and tectonic implications McKerrow W.S. Scotese C.R. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography 1990 421-430
265. Young G.M. The geologic record of glaciation: relevance to the climatic history of Earth Geoscience Canada 18 1991 100-108
266. Young G.M. Are Neoproterozoic glacial deposits preserved on the margins of Laurentia related to the fragmentation of two supercontinents? Geology 23 1995 153-156
267. Young G.M. Tectonic and glacioeustatic controls on postglacial stratigraphy: Proterozoic examples Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 249-267 Oxford University Press
268. Young G.M. Nesbitt H.W. The Gowganda Formation in the southern part of the Huronian Outcrop Belt, Ontario, Canada: stratigraphy, depositional environments and regional tectonic significance Precambrian Research 29 1985 265-301
269. Young G.M. von Brunn V. Gold D.J.C. Minter W.E.L. Earth's oldest reported glaciation: physical and chemical evidence from the Archean Mozaan Group (∼2.9 Ga) of South Africa Journal of Geology 106 1998 523-538
270. Ziegler A.M. Hulver M.L. Lottes A.L. Schmachtenberg W.F. Uniformitarianism and paleoclimates: inferences from the distribution of carbonate rocks Brenchley P.J. Fossils and Climate 1984 3-25 Wiley and Sons Chichester
271. Ziegler A.M. Hulver M.L. Rowley D.B. Permian world topography and climate Martini I.P. Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes: Quaternary, Carboniferous-Permian, and Proterozoic 1997 111-146 Oxford Univ. Press Oxford