메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 232, Issue 2-4, 2006, Pages 190-213

The palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of mass extinction events

Author keywords

Cretaceous; Devonian; Mass extinction; Ordovician; Paleoecology; Permian; Triassic

Indexed keywords

CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; MASS EXTINCTION; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY;

EID: 33644834774     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.019     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (235)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 0038348478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planktonic foraminiferal response to the latest Maastrichtian abrupt warm event: A case study from South Atlantic DSDP Site 525A
    • S. Abramovich, and G. Keller Planktonic foraminiferal response to the latest Maastrichtian abrupt warm event: a case study from South Atlantic DSDP Site 525A Marine Micropalaeontology 48 2003 225 249
    • (2003) Marine Micropalaeontology , vol.48 , pp. 225-249
    • Abramovich, S.1    Keller, G.2
  • 2
    • 84874984255 scopus 로고
    • Paleolatitudinal sampling bias, Phanerozoic species diversity, and the end-Permian extinction
    • P.A. Allison, and D.E.G. Briggs Paleolatitudinal sampling bias, Phanerozoic species diversity, and the end-Permian extinction Geology 21 1993 65 68
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 65-68
    • Allison, P.A.1    Briggs, D.E.G.2
  • 4
    • 34548600841 scopus 로고
    • Extraterrestrial causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction
    • L.W. Alvarez, W. Alvarez, F. Asaro, and H.V. Michel Extraterrestrial causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction Science 208 1980 1095 1108
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 1095-1108
    • Alvarez, L.W.1    Alvarez, W.2    Asaro, F.3    Michel, H.V.4
  • 5
    • 0033985316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate
    • Z. An The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate Quaternary Science Reviews 19 2000 171 187
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 171-187
    • An, Z.1
  • 6
    • 0001759221 scopus 로고
    • Tiering in suspension feeding communities on soft substrata throughout the Phanerozoic
    • W.I. Ausich, and D.J. Bottjer Tiering in suspension feeding communities on soft substrata throughout the Phanerozoic Science 216 1982 173 174
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 173-174
    • Ausich, W.I.1    Bottjer, D.J.2
  • 7
    • 84875002218 scopus 로고
    • Global environmental changes preceding the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Early-Late Maastrichtian transition
    • E. Barrera Global environmental changes preceding the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Early-Late Maastrichtian transition Geology 22 1994 877 880
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 877-880
    • Barrera, E.1
  • 8
    • 84879887241 scopus 로고
    • Productivity across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in high latitudes
    • E. Barrera, and G. Keller Productivity across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in high latitudes Geological Society of America Bulletin 106 1994 1254 1266
    • (1994) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.106 , pp. 1254-1266
    • Barrera, E.1    Keller, G.2
  • 10
    • 1642481193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fireball passes and nothing burns-the role of thermal radiation in the Cretaceous-Tertiary event: Evidence from the charcoal record of North America
    • C.M. Belcher, M.E. Collinson, A.R. Sweet, A.R. Hildebrand, and A.C. Scott Fireball passes and nothing burns-the role of thermal radiation in the Cretaceous-Tertiary event: evidence from the charcoal record of North America Geology 31 2003 1061 1064
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 1061-1064
    • Belcher, C.M.1    Collinson, M.E.2    Sweet, A.R.3    Hildebrand, A.R.4    Scott, A.C.5
  • 12
    • 0029638366 scopus 로고
    • Diversification and extinction in the history of life
    • M.J. Benton Diversification and extinction in the history of life Science 268 1995 52 58
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 52-58
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 14
    • 0038506352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to kill (almost) all life: The end-Permian extinction event
    • M.J. Benton, and R.J. Twitchett How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18 2003 358 365
    • (2003) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 358-365
    • Benton, M.J.1    Twitchett, R.J.2
  • 15
    • 0037007071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modelling
    • R.A. Berner Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modelling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 2002 4172 4177
    • (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.99 , pp. 4172-4177
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 16
    • 0022833181 scopus 로고
    • Phanerozoic development of tiering in soft substrata suspension-feeding communities
    • D.J. Bottjer, and W.I. Ausich Phanerozoic development of tiering in soft substrata suspension-feeding communities Paleobiology 12 1986 400 420
    • (1986) Paleobiology , vol.12 , pp. 400-420
    • Bottjer, D.J.1    Ausich, W.I.2
  • 17
    • 0029752028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evolutionary palaeoecology: Assessing the changing ecology of the past
    • M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events
    • D.J. Bottjer, J.K. Schubert, and M.L. Droser Comparative evolutionary palaeoecology: assessing the changing ecology of the past M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 102 1996 1 13
    • (1996) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.102 , pp. 1-13
    • Bottjer, D.J.1    Schubert, J.K.2    Droser, M.L.3
  • 18
    • 0024219734 scopus 로고
    • A tsunami deposit at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Texas
    • J. Bourgeois, T.A. Hansen, P.L. Wiberg, and E.F. Kauffman A tsunami deposit at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Texas Science 241 1988 567 570
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 567-570
    • Bourgeois, J.1    Hansen, T.A.2    Wiberg, P.L.3    Kauffman, E.F.4
  • 20
    • 0037283954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution stable isotope stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician sequences: Constraints on the timing of bioevents and environmental changes associated with mass extinction and glaciation
    • P.J. Brenchley, G.A. Carden, L. Hints, D. Kaljo, J.D. Marshall, T. Martana, T. Meidla, and J. Nõlvak High-resolution stable isotope stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician sequences: constraints on the timing of bioevents and environmental changes associated with mass extinction and glaciation GSA Bulletin 115 2003 89 104
    • (2003) GSA Bulletin , vol.115 , pp. 89-104
    • Brenchley, P.J.1    Carden, G.A.2    Hints, L.3    Kaljo, D.4    Marshall, J.D.5    Martana, T.6    Meidla, T.7    Nõlvak, J.8
  • 21
    • 0025693607 scopus 로고
    • The continuum in soft-bodied biotas from transitional environments: A quantitative comparison of Triassic and Carboniferous Konservat- Lagerstätten
    • D.E.G. Briggs, and J.-C. Gall The continuum in soft-bodied biotas from transitional environments: a quantitative comparison of Triassic and Carboniferous Konservat-Lagerstätten Paleobiology 16 1990 204 218
    • (1990) Paleobiology , vol.16 , pp. 204-218
    • Briggs, D.E.G.1    Gall, J.-C.2
  • 23
    • 84879638589 scopus 로고
    • Global environmental effects of impact-generated aerosols: Results from a general circulation model
    • V.L. Sharpton P.D. Ward Global Catastrophes in Earth History
    • C. Covey, S.J. Ghan, J.J. Walton, and P.R. Weissman Global environmental effects of impact-generated aerosols: results from a general circulation model V.L. Sharpton P.D. Ward Global Catastrophes in Earth History Geological Society of America, Special Publication vol. 247 1990 263 270
    • (1990) Geological Society of America, Special Publication , vol.247 , pp. 263-270
    • Covey, C.1    Ghan, S.J.2    Walton, J.J.3    Weissman, P.R.4
  • 24
    • 0029668302 scopus 로고
    • French vertebrate faunas and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
    • G. Cuny French vertebrate faunas and the Triassic-Jurassic boundary Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 119 1995 343 358
    • (1995) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.119 , pp. 343-358
    • Cuny, G.1
  • 25
    • 84870813250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planktic foraminifera, asteroids, and marine production: Death and recovery at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
    • G. Ryder D. Fastovsky S. Gartner The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History
    • S. D'Hondt, T.D. Herbert, J. King, and C. Gibson Planktic foraminifera, asteroids, and marine production: death and recovery at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary G. Ryder D. Fastovsky S. Gartner The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 307 1996 303 317
    • (1996) Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.307 , pp. 303-317
    • D'Hondt, S.1    Herbert, T.D.2    King, J.3    Gibson, C.4
  • 26
    • 84874998603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoupling of taxonomic and ecologic severity of Phanerozoic mass extinctions
    • M.L. Droser, D.J. Bottjer, P.M. Sheehan, and G.R. McGhee Decoupling of taxonomic and ecologic severity of Phanerozoic mass extinctions Geology 28 2000 675 678
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 675-678
    • Droser, M.L.1    Bottjer, D.J.2    Sheehan, P.M.3    McGhee, G.R.4
  • 27
    • 0032434496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace fossils in Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary beds in northeastern Mexico: Implications for sedimentation during the KT boundary event
    • A.A. Ekdale, and W. Stinnesbeck Trace fossils in Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) boundary beds in northeastern Mexico: implications for sedimentation during the KT boundary event Palaios 13 1998 593 602
    • (1998) Palaios , vol.13 , pp. 593-602
    • Ekdale, A.A.1    Stinnesbeck, W.2
  • 28
    • 0024944959 scopus 로고
    • Regional paleoecology of Permian gastropod genera, southwestern United States, and the end-Permian mass extinction
    • D.H. Erwin Regional paleoecology of Permian gastropod genera, southwestern United States, and the end-Permian mass extinction Palaios 4 1989 424 438
    • (1989) Palaios , vol.4 , pp. 424-438
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 30
    • 0002206261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding biotic recoveries: Extinction, survival, and preservation during the end-Permian Mass Extinction
    • D. Jablonski D.H. Erwin J.H. Lipps University of Chicago Press Chicago
    • D.H. Erwin Understanding biotic recoveries: extinction, survival, and preservation during the end-Permian Mass Extinction D. Jablonski D.H. Erwin J.H. Lipps Evolutionary Paleobiology 1996 University of Chicago Press Chicago 398 418
    • (1996) Evolutionary Paleobiology , pp. 398-418
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 31
    • 0031903958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end and the beginning: Recoveries from mass extinctions
    • D.H. Erwin The end and the beginning: recoveries from mass extinctions Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13 1998 344 349
    • (1998) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.13 , pp. 344-349
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 32
    • 0035826694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from the past: Biotic recoveries from mass extinctions
    • D.H. Erwin Lessons from the past: biotic recoveries from mass extinctions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 2001 5399 5403
    • (2001) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.98 , pp. 5399-5403
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 34
    • 0000894237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopes, kerogen types and the Permian-Triassic boundary in Australia: Implications for exploration
    • C.B. Foster, G.A. Logan, R.E. Summons, J.D. Gorter, and D.S. Edwards Carbon isotopes, kerogen types and the Permian-Triassic boundary in Australia: implications for exploration APPEA Journal 37 1997 472 489
    • (1997) APPEA Journal , vol.37 , pp. 472-489
    • Foster, C.B.1    Logan, G.A.2    Summons, R.E.3    Gorter, J.D.4    Edwards, D.S.5
  • 35
    • 3042774908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-actualistic Early Triassic gastropod fauna: A case study of the Lower Triassic Sinbad Limestone Member
    • M.L. Fraiser, and D.J. Bottjer The non-actualistic Early Triassic gastropod fauna: a case study of the Lower Triassic Sinbad Limestone Member Palaios 19 2004 259 275
    • (2004) Palaios , vol.19 , pp. 259-275
    • Fraiser, M.L.1    Bottjer, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 0000590594 scopus 로고
    • Environmental causes of stunting in living and fossil marine benthonic invertebrates
    • A. Hallam Environmental causes of stunting in living and fossil marine benthonic invertebrates Palaeontology 8 1965 132 155
    • (1965) Palaeontology , vol.8 , pp. 132-155
    • Hallam, A.1
  • 38
    • 0001519151 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary size increase and longevity in Jurassic bivalves and ammonites
    • A. Hallam Evolutionary size increase and longevity in Jurassic bivalves and ammonites Nature 258 1975 493 496
    • (1975) Nature , vol.258 , pp. 493-496
    • Hallam, A.1
  • 39
    • 0036329909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How catastrophic was the end-Triassic mass extinction?
    • A. Hallam How catastrophic was the end-Triassic mass extinction? Lethaia 35 2002 147 157
    • (2002) Lethaia , vol.35 , pp. 147-157
    • Hallam, A.1
  • 41
    • 0033508113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass extinctions and sea-level changes
    • A. Hallam, and P.B. Wignall Mass extinctions and sea-level changes Earth Science Reviews 48 1999 217 250
    • (1999) Earth Science Reviews , vol.48 , pp. 217-250
    • Hallam, A.1    Wignall, P.B.2
  • 42
  • 43
    • 7444227502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoecological pattern in molluscan extinctions and recoveries: Comparison of the Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions in North America
    • T.A. Hansen, P.H. Kelley, and D.M. Haasl Paleoecological pattern in molluscan extinctions and recoveries: comparison of the Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions in North America Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214 2004 233 242
    • (2004) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.214 , pp. 233-242
    • Hansen, T.A.1    Kelley, P.H.2    Haasl, D.M.3
  • 44
    • 0019738440 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of hypoxic bottom water off the Upper Texas coast and its effect on the benthic biota
    • D.E. Harper, R.R. Salzer, and R.J. Case The occurrence of hypoxic bottom water off the Upper Texas coast and its effect on the benthic biota Contributions to Marine Science 24 1981 53 79
    • (1981) Contributions to Marine Science , vol.24 , pp. 53-79
    • Harper, D.E.1    Salzer, R.R.2    Case, R.J.3
  • 45
    • 0029752770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for biotic survival following mass extinction
    • M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events
    • P.J. Harries, E.G. Kauffman, and T.A. Hansen Models for biotic survival following mass extinction M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 102 1996 41 60
    • (1996) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.102 , pp. 41-60
    • Harries, P.J.1    Kauffman, E.G.2    Hansen, T.A.3
  • 46
    • 0344191573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events
    • The Geological Society London
    • M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events Geological Society of London Special Publication vol. 102 1996 The Geological Society London 392 pp.
    • (1996) Geological Society of London Special Publication , vol.102
    • Hart, M.B.1
  • 47
    • 0031416633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size changes of bivalves and a hypothesis about the cause of mass extinction
    • I. Hayami Size changes of bivalves and a hypothesis about the cause of mass extinction Fossils 62 1997 24 36 (in Japanese)
    • (1997) Fossils , vol.62 , pp. 24-36
    • Hayami, I.1
  • 48
    • 84925013221 scopus 로고
    • Paleoproductivity from benthic foraminiferal abundance-glacial to postglacial change in the western Equatorial Pacific
    • J.C. Herguera, and W.H. Berger Paleoproductivity from benthic foraminiferal abundance-glacial to postglacial change in the western Equatorial Pacific Geology 19 1991 1173 1176
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1173-1176
    • Herguera, J.C.1    Berger, W.H.2
  • 49
    • 84874992703 scopus 로고
    • Glacial to post-glacial drop in productivity in the western Equatorial Pacific-mixing rate vs nutrient concentrations
    • J.C. Herguera, and W.H. Berger Glacial to post-glacial drop in productivity in the western Equatorial Pacific-mixing rate vs nutrient concentrations Geology 22 1994 629 632
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 629-632
    • Herguera, J.C.1    Berger, W.H.2
  • 50
    • 84879889876 scopus 로고
    • Chicxulub crater: A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater in the Yucatán Peninsula
    • A.R. Hildebrand, G.T. Penfield, D.A. Kring, M. Pilkington, and Z.A. Camargo Chicxulub crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater in the Yucatán Peninsula Geology 19 1991 867 871
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 867-871
    • Hildebrand, A.R.1    Penfield, G.T.2    Kring, D.A.3    Pilkington, M.4    Camargo, Z.A.5
  • 51
    • 0028861165 scopus 로고
    • The stratigraphic distribution of fossils
    • S.M. Holland The stratigraphic distribution of fossils Paleobiology 21 1995 92 109
    • (1995) Paleobiology , vol.21 , pp. 92-109
    • Holland, S.M.1
  • 53
    • 0000138522 scopus 로고
    • Background and mass extinctions: The alteration of macroevolutionary regimes
    • D. Jablonski Background and mass extinctions: the alteration of macroevolutionary regimes Science 231 1986 129 133
    • (1986) Science , vol.231 , pp. 129-133
    • Jablonski, D.1
  • 54
    • 0002160633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and macroevolution
    • D. Jablonski D.H. Erwin J.H. Lipps Chicago University Press Chicago
    • D. Jablonski Body size and macroevolution D. Jablonski D.H. Erwin J.H. Lipps Evolutionary Paleobiology 1996 Chicago University Press Chicago 256 289
    • (1996) Evolutionary Paleobiology , pp. 256-289
    • Jablonski, D.1
  • 55
    • 0028975577 scopus 로고
    • Selectivity of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions
    • D. Jablonski, and D.M. Raup Selectivity of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions Science 268 1995 389 391
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 389-391
    • Jablonski, D.1    Raup, D.M.2
  • 56
    • 0035036569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart urchins at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: A tale of two clades
    • C.H. Jeffery Heart urchins at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: a tale of two clades Paleobiology 27 2001 140 158
    • (2001) Paleobiology , vol.27 , pp. 140-158
    • Jeffery, C.H.1
  • 57
    • 0002440119 scopus 로고
    • Surviving mass extinctions
    • E.G. Kauffman, and D.H. Erwin Surviving mass extinctions Geotimes 14 1995 14 17
    • (1995) Geotimes , vol.14 , pp. 14-17
    • Kauffman, E.G.1    Erwin, D.H.2
  • 58
    • 0004566355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of crisis progenitors in recovery from mass extinction
    • M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events
    • E.G. Kauffman, and P.J. Harries The importance of crisis progenitors in recovery from mass extinction M.B. Hart Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinction Events Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 102 1996 15 39
    • (1996) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.102 , pp. 15-39
    • Kauffman, E.G.1    Harries, P.J.2
  • 59
    • 0141953987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic effects of impacts and volcanism
    • G. Keller Biotic effects of impacts and volcanism Earth and Planetary Science Letters 215 2003 249 264
    • (2003) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.215 , pp. 249-264
    • Keller, G.1
  • 60
    • 8444242926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disaster opportunists Guembelitrinidae: Index for environmental catastrophes
    • G. Keller, and G. Pardo Disaster opportunists Guembelitrinidae: index for environmental catastrophes Marine Micropalaeontology 53 2004 83 116
    • (2004) Marine Micropalaeontology , vol.53 , pp. 83-116
    • Keller, G.1    Pardo, G.2
  • 62
    • 0036903708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbialites in the P-Tr boundary interval in Central China: Structure, age and distribution
    • S. Kershaw, L. Guo, A. Swift, and J.S. Fan Microbialites in the P-Tr boundary interval in Central China: structure, age and distribution Facies 47 2002 83 89
    • (2002) Facies , vol.47 , pp. 83-89
    • Kershaw, S.1    Guo, L.2    Swift, A.3    Fan, J.S.4
  • 63
    • 1242322144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery
    • D.L. Kidder, and D.R. Worsley Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 203 2003 207 237
    • (2003) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.203 , pp. 207-237
    • Kidder, D.L.1    Worsley, D.R.2
  • 64
    • 84879882055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C depth profiles from paleosols across the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence for methane release
    • 13C depth profiles from paleosols across the Permian-Triassic boundary: evidence for methane release GSA Bulletin 112 2000 1459 1472
    • (2000) GSA Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 1459-1472
    • Krull, E.S.1    Retallack, G.J.2
  • 65
    • 84874963697 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: Strangelove oceans
    • L.R. Kump Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: Strangelove oceans Geology 19 1991 299 302
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 299-302
    • Kump, L.R.1
  • 67
    • 0034030945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study on recolonization and succession of marine macrobenthos in defaunated sediment
    • L. Lu, and R.S.S. Wu An experimental study on recolonization and succession of marine macrobenthos in defaunated sediment Marine Biology 136 2000 291 302
    • (2000) Marine Biology , vol.136 , pp. 291-302
    • Lu, L.1    Wu, R.S.S.2
  • 68
    • 3142725921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling long-term climatic effects of impacts: First results
    • C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond
    • T. Luder, W. Benz, and T.F. Stocker Modeling long-term climatic effects of impacts: first results C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond Geological Society of America, Special Paper vol. 356 2002 717 729
    • (2002) Geological Society of America, Special Paper , vol.356 , pp. 717-729
    • Luder, T.1    Benz, W.2    Stocker, T.F.3
  • 69
    • 33644834006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extinction of all life and the sublime attraction of neocatastrophism
    • N.M. MacLeod The extinction of all life and the sublime attraction of neocatastrophism Palaeontology Newsletter 54 2004 49 64
    • (2004) Palaeontology Newsletter , vol.54 , pp. 49-64
    • MacLeod, N.M.1
  • 70
    • 3543120145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ichnology of Carboniferous tide-influenced environments and tidal flat variability in the North American Midcontinent
    • D. McIlroy The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis
    • M.G. Mángano, and L.A. Buatois Ichnology of Carboniferous tide-influenced environments and tidal flat variability in the North American Midcontinent D. McIlroy The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 228 2004 157 178
    • (2004) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.228 , pp. 157-178
    • Mángano, M.G.1    Buatois, L.A.2
  • 71
    • 0033609999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil plants and global warming at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
    • J.C. McElwain, D.J. Beerling, and F.I. Woodward Fossil plants and global warming at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary Science 285 1999 1386 1390
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1386-1390
    • McElwain, J.C.1    Beerling, D.J.2    Woodward, F.I.3
  • 74
    • 0000632075 scopus 로고
    • Presidential address: Time, life and boundaries
    • D.J. McLaren Presidential address: time, life and boundaries Journal of Paleontology 44 1970 801 815
    • (1970) Journal of Paleontology , vol.44 , pp. 801-815
    • McLaren, D.J.1
  • 75
    • 0025198385 scopus 로고
    • Ignition of global wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
    • H.J. Melosh, N.M. Schneider, K.J. Zahnle, and D. Latham Ignition of global wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary Nature 343 1990 251 254
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 251-254
    • Melosh, H.J.1    Schneider, N.M.2    Zahnle, K.J.3    Latham, D.4
  • 76
    • 0030877060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic shifts in Permian seas of West Spitsbergen: Global change or diagenetic artifact?
    • H.S. Mii, E.L. Grossman, and T.E. Yancey Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic shifts in Permian seas of West Spitsbergen: global change or diagenetic artifact? Geology 25 1997 227 230
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 227-230
    • Mii, H.S.1    Grossman, E.L.2    Yancey, T.E.3
  • 77
    • 0000575975 scopus 로고
    • Periodicity in invertebrate evolution
    • N.D. Newell Periodicity in invertebrate evolution Journal of Paleontology 26 1952 371 385
    • (1952) Journal of Paleontology , vol.26 , pp. 371-385
    • Newell, N.D.1
  • 78
    • 0000748779 scopus 로고
    • Paleontological gaps and geochronology
    • N.D. Newell Paleontological gaps and geochronology Journal of Paleontology 36 1962 592 610
    • (1962) Journal of Paleontology , vol.36 , pp. 592-610
    • Newell, N.D.1
  • 79
    • 0023486862 scopus 로고
    • Is the periodicity of extinctions a taxonomic artefact?
    • C. Patterson, and A.B. Smith Is the periodicity of extinctions a taxonomic artefact? Nature 330 1987 248 251
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 248-251
    • Patterson, C.1    Smith, A.B.2
  • 80
    • 0001563782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the completeness of the fossil record
    • S.K. Donovan C.R.C. Paul John Wiley and Sons Chichester
    • C.R.C. Paul, and S.K. Donovan An overview of the completeness of the fossil record S.K. Donovan C.R.C. Paul The Adequacy of the Fossil Record 1998 John Wiley and Sons Chichester 111 132
    • (1998) The Adequacy of the Fossil Record , pp. 111-132
    • Paul, C.R.C.1    Donovan, S.K.2
  • 81
    • 3242779224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction
    • J.L. Payne, D.J. Lehrmann, J. Wei, M.J. Orchard, D.P. Schrag, and A.H. Knoll Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction Science 305 2004 506 509
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 506-509
    • Payne, J.L.1    Lehrmann, D.J.2    Wei, J.3    Orchard, M.J.4    Schrag, D.P.5    Knoll, A.H.6
  • 83
    • 0020641794 scopus 로고
    • Environmental effects of an impact-generated dust cloud; Implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions
    • J.B. Pollack, O.B. Toon, T.P. Ackerman, C.P. McKay, and R.P. Turco Environmental effects of an impact-generated dust cloud; implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions Science 219 1983 287 290
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 287-290
    • Pollack, J.B.1    Toon, O.B.2    Ackerman, T.P.3    McKay, C.P.4    Turco, R.P.5
  • 84
    • 84874997045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact dust not the cause of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction
    • K.O. Pope Impact dust not the cause of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction Geology 30 2002 99 102
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 99-102
    • Pope, K.O.1
  • 86
    • 3543049816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction event
    • N. Price-Lloyd, and R.J. Twitchett The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction event GSA Abstracts with Programs 34 6 2002 355
    • (2002) GSA Abstracts with Programs , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 355
    • Price-Lloyd, N.1    Twitchett, R.J.2
  • 87
    • 0023523896 scopus 로고
    • Bolide impacts, acid rain and biospheric traumas at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
    • R.G. Prinn, and B. Fegley Bolide impacts, acid rain and biospheric traumas at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary Earth and Planetary Science Letters 83 1987 1 15
    • (1987) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.83 , pp. 1-15
    • Prinn, R.G.1    Fegley, B.2
  • 88
    • 2442484433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures: Implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction
    • S. Pruss, M. Fraiser, and D.J. Bottjer Proliferation of Early Triassic wrinkle structures: implications for environmental stress following the end-Permian mass extinction Geology 32 2004 461 464
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 461-464
    • Pruss, S.1    Fraiser, M.2    Bottjer, D.J.3
  • 89
    • 84967810960 scopus 로고
    • Cohort analysis of generic survivorship
    • D.M. Raup Cohort analysis of generic survivorship Paleobiology 4 1978 1 15
    • (1978) Paleobiology , vol.4 , pp. 1-15
    • Raup, D.M.1
  • 92
    • 0033557809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies of survival during extreme environmental perturbations: Evolution of conodonts in response to the Kellwasser crisis (Upper Devonian)
    • S. Renaud, and C. Girard Strategies of survival during extreme environmental perturbations: evolution of conodonts in response to the Kellwasser crisis (Upper Devonian) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 146 1999 19 32
    • (1999) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.146 , pp. 19-32
    • Renaud, S.1    Girard, C.2
  • 93
    • 0029531231 scopus 로고
    • Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism
    • P.R. Renne, Z. Zhang, M.A. Richardson, M.T. Black, and A.R. Basu Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism Science 269 1995 1413 1416
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1413-1416
    • Renne, P.R.1    Zhang, Z.2    Richardson, M.A.3    Black, M.T.4    Basu, A.R.5
  • 95
    • 84879883020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postapocalyptic greenhouse paleoclimate revealed by earliest Triassic paleosols in the Sydney Basin, Australia
    • G.J. Retallack Postapocalyptic greenhouse paleoclimate revealed by earliest Triassic paleosols in the Sydney Basin, Australia Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 111 1999 52 70
    • (1999) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.111 , pp. 52-70
    • Retallack, G.J.1
  • 96
    • 4744375214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment-contrasting deepwater records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: Evidence for a diachronous mass extinction
    • G.J. Retallack Comment-contrasting deepwater records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: evidence for a diachronous mass extinction (Wignall and Newton, 2003) Palaios 19 2004 101 102
    • (2004) Palaios , vol.19 , pp. 101-102
    • Retallack, G.J.1
  • 97
    • 0035052895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction: Behavior of the inarticulate brachiopod Lingula as a disaster taxon
    • Rodland, and D.J. Bottjer Biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction: behavior of the inarticulate brachiopod Lingula as a disaster taxon Palaios 16 2001 95 101
    • (2001) Palaios , vol.16 , pp. 95-101
    • Rodland1    Bottjer, D.J.2
  • 98
    • 84871968203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Devonian sea-level changes, catastrophic events and mass extinctions
    • C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond
    • C.A. Sandberg, J.R. Morrow, and W. Ziegler Late Devonian sea-level changes, catastrophic events and mass extinctions C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond Geological Society of America, Special Paper vol. 356 2002 473 487
    • (2002) Geological Society of America, Special Paper , vol.356 , pp. 473-487
    • Sandberg, C.A.1    Morrow, J.R.2    Ziegler, W.3
  • 99
    • 84879886746 scopus 로고
    • Ichnosedimentological evidence for a non-catastrophic origin of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sands in Alabama
    • C.E. Savrda Ichnosedimentological evidence for a non-catastrophic origin of Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sands in Alabama Geology 21 1993 1075 1078
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 1075-1078
    • Savrda, C.E.1
  • 101
    • 2342590870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene seasonal environmental trends at Tokyo Bay, Japan, reconstructed from bivalve mollusk shells- implications for changes in the east Asian monsoon and latitudinal shifts of the Polar Front
    • B.R. Schöne, W. Oschmann, K. Tanabe, D. Dettman, J. Fiebig, S.D. Houk, and Y. Kanie Holocene seasonal environmental trends at Tokyo Bay, Japan, reconstructed from bivalve mollusk shells- implications for changes in the east Asian monsoon and latitudinal shifts of the Polar Front Quaternary Science Reviews 23 2004 1137 1150
    • (2004) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.23 , pp. 1137-1150
    • Schöne, B.R.1    Oschmann, W.2    Tanabe, K.3    Dettman, D.4    Fiebig, J.5    Houk, S.D.6    Kanie, Y.7
  • 102
    • 84879889436 scopus 로고
    • Early Triassic stromatolites as post-mass extinction disaster forms
    • J.K. Schubert, and D.J. Bottjer Early Triassic stromatolites as post-mass extinction disaster forms Geology 20 1992 883 886
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 883-886
    • Schubert, J.K.1    Bottjer, D.J.2
  • 103
    • 0028976116 scopus 로고
    • Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: Palaeoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA
    • J.K. Schubert, and D.J. Bottjer Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: palaeoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116 1995 1 39
    • (1995) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.116 , pp. 1-39
    • Schubert, J.K.1    Bottjer, D.J.2
  • 104
    • 0001938674 scopus 로고
    • A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families
    • Milwaukee Public Museum
    • J.J. Sepkoski Jr. A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families Contributions to Biology and Geology vol. 51 1982 Milwaukee Public Museum 1 125
    • (1982) Contributions to Biology and Geology , vol.51 , pp. 1-125
    • Sepkoski Jr., J.J.1
  • 106
    • 4143110326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Famennian (Upper Devonian) stromatolite reefs at Shatang, Guilin, Guangxi, South China
    • J.-W. Shen, and G.E. Webb Famennian (Upper Devonian) stromatolite reefs at Shatang, Guilin, Guangxi, South China Sedimentary Geology 170 2004 63 84
    • (2004) Sedimentary Geology , vol.170 , pp. 63-84
    • Shen, J.-W.1    Webb, G.E.2
  • 107
    • 84871953578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric erosion and radiation impulse induced by impacts
    • C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond
    • V.V. Shuvalov, and N.A. Artemieva Atmospheric erosion and radiation impulse induced by impacts C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond Geological Society of America, Special Paper vol. 356 2002 695 703
    • (2002) Geological Society of America, Special Paper , vol.356 , pp. 695-703
    • Shuvalov, V.V.1    Artemieva, N.A.2
  • 108
    • 0032485369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selectivity of extinction among sea urchins at the end of the Cretaceous period
    • A.B. Smith, and C.H. Jeffrey Selectivity of extinction among sea urchins at the end of the Cretaceous period Nature 392 1998 69 71
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 69-71
    • Smith, A.B.1    Jeffrey, C.H.2
  • 109
    • 0034914097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea-level change and rock record bias in the Cretaceous: A problem for extinction and biodiversity studies
    • A.B. Smith, A.S. Gale, and N.E.A. Monks Sea-level change and rock record bias in the Cretaceous: a problem for extinction and biodiversity studies Paleobiology 27 2001 241 253
    • (2001) Paleobiology , vol.27 , pp. 241-253
    • Smith, A.B.1    Gale, A.S.2    Monks, N.E.A.3
  • 110
    • 0015700356 scopus 로고
    • An explanation for Cope's Rule
    • S.M. Stanley An explanation for Cope's Rule Evolution 27 1973 1 26
    • (1973) Evolution , vol.27 , pp. 1-26
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 111
    • 0001048779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic cooling and mass extinction of Paleozoic reef communities
    • S.M. Stanley Climatic cooling and mass extinction of Paleozoic reef communities Palaios 3 1998 228 232
    • (1998) Palaios , vol.3 , pp. 228-232
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 112
    • 0023727727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleozoic mass extinctions: Shared patterns suggest global cooling as a common cause
    • S.M. Stanley Paleozoic mass extinctions: shared patterns suggest global cooling as a common cause American Journal of Science 288 1998 334 352
    • (1998) American Journal of Science , vol.288 , pp. 334-352
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 113
    • 0023468520 scopus 로고
    • A substantial bias in nonparametric tests for periodicity in geophysical data
    • S.M. Stigler, and M.J. Wagner A substantial bias in nonparametric tests for periodicity in geophysical data Science 238 1987 940 945
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 940-945
    • Stigler, S.M.1    Wagner, M.J.2
  • 114
    • 37049179742 scopus 로고
    • Testing for periodicity of extinction. Response
    • S.M. Stigler, and M.J. Wagner Testing for periodicity of extinction. Response Science 241 1988 96 99
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 96-99
    • Stigler, S.M.1    Wagner, M.J.2
  • 115
    • 0002757618 scopus 로고
    • Deposition of channel deposits near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Mexico: Catastrophic or 'normal' sedimentary deposits? Reply
    • W. Stinnesbeck, G. Keller, T. Adatte, and N. MacLeod Deposition of channel deposits near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Mexico: catastrophic or 'normal' sedimentary deposits? Reply Geology 22 1994 955 956
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 955-956
    • Stinnesbeck, W.1    Keller, G.2    Adatte, T.3    MacLeod, N.4
  • 116
    • 1542644693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions
    • L.H. Tanner, S.G. Lucas, and M.G. Chapman Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions Earth Science Reviews 65 2004 103 139
    • (2004) Earth Science Reviews , vol.65 , pp. 103-139
    • Tanner, L.H.1    Lucas, S.G.2    Chapman, M.G.3
  • 117
    • 0033213001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoenvironments and faunal recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction
    • R.J. Twitchett Palaeoenvironments and faunal recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154 1999 27 37
    • (1999) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.154 , pp. 27-37
    • Twitchett, R.J.1
  • 118
    • 0001736213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion on Lazarus taxa and fossil abundance at times of biotic crisis
    • R.J. Twitchett Discussion on Lazarus taxa and fossil abundance at times of biotic crisis Journal of the Geological Society (London) 157 2000 511 512
    • (2000) Journal of the Geological Society (London) , vol.157 , pp. 511-512
    • Twitchett, R.J.1
  • 119
    • 0034773886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incompleteness of the Permian-Triassic fossil record: A consequence of productivity decline?
    • R.J. Twitchett Incompleteness of the Permian-Triassic fossil record: a consequence of productivity decline? Geological Journal 36 2001 341 353
    • (2001) Geological Journal , vol.36 , pp. 341-353
    • Twitchett, R.J.1
  • 120
    • 3543095724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace fossils in the aftermath of mass extinction events
    • D. McIlroy The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis
    • R.J. Twitchett, and C.G. Barras Trace fossils in the aftermath of mass extinction events D. McIlroy The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 228 2004 397 418
    • (2004) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.228 , pp. 397-418
    • Twitchett, R.J.1    Barras, C.G.2
  • 121
    • 0030201427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: Evidence from northern Italy
    • R.J. Twitchett, and P.B. Wignall Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: evidence from northern Italy Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 124 1996 137 154
    • (1996) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.124 , pp. 137-154
    • Twitchett, R.J.1    Wignall, P.B.2
  • 122
    • 4744344101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia
    • R.J. Twitchett, L. Krystyn, A. Baud, J.R. Wheeley, and S. Richoz Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia Geology 32 2004 805 808
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 805-808
    • Twitchett, R.J.1    Krystyn, L.2    Baud, A.3    Wheeley, J.R.4    Richoz, S.5
  • 123
    • 84973076375 scopus 로고
    • Biotic crises in the history of Upper Silurian graptoloids: A palaeobiological model
    • A. Urbanek Biotic crises in the history of Upper Silurian graptoloids: a palaeobiological model Historical Biology 7 1993 29 50
    • (1993) Historical Biology , vol.7 , pp. 29-50
    • Urbanek, A.1
  • 124
    • 0026050530 scopus 로고
    • Biotic effects of sea-level change- the Pleistocene test
    • J.W. Valentine, and D. Jablonski Biotic effects of sea-level change- the Pleistocene test Journal of Geophysical Research 96 1991 6873 6878
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.96 , pp. 6873-6878
    • Valentine, J.W.1    Jablonski, D.2
  • 125
    • 0034622973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction
    • P.D. Ward, D.R. Montgomery, and R.M.H. Smith Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction Science 289 2000 1740 1743
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1740-1743
    • Ward, P.D.1    Montgomery, D.R.2    Smith, R.M.H.3
  • 126
    • 0037141873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial carbonates as indicators of environmental change and biotic crisis in carbonate systems: Examples from the Late Devonian, Alberta Basin, Canada
    • M.T. Whalen, J. Day, G.P. Eberli, and P.W. Homewood Microbial carbonates as indicators of environmental change and biotic crisis in carbonate systems: examples from the Late Devonian, Alberta Basin, Canada Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181 2002 127 151
    • (2002) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.181 , pp. 127-151
    • Whalen, M.T.1    Day, J.2    Eberli, G.P.3    Homewood, P.W.4
  • 128
    • 0035067113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large igneous provinces and mass extinction
    • P.B. Wignall Large igneous provinces and mass extinction Earth Science Reviews 53 2001 1 33
    • (2001) Earth Science Reviews , vol.53 , pp. 1-33
    • Wignall, P.B.1
  • 130
    • 0026443909 scopus 로고
    • Anoxia as a cause of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: Facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States
    • P.B. Wignall, and A. Hallam Anoxia as a cause of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 93 1992 21 46
    • (1992) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.93 , pp. 21-46
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Hallam, A.2
  • 131
    • 0037541420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting deepwater records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: Evidence for a diachronous mass extinction
    • P.B. Wignall, and R. Newton Contrasting deepwater records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: evidence for a diachronous mass extinction Palaios 18 2003 153 167
    • (2003) Palaios , vol.18 , pp. 153-167
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Newton, R.2
  • 132
    • 0029767583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction
    • P.B. Wignall, and R.J. Twitchett Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction Science 272 1996 1155 1158
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1155-1158
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Twitchett, R.J.2
  • 133
    • 84871995176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent, duration and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event
    • C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond
    • P.B. Wignall, and R.J. Twitchett Extent, duration and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event C. Koeberl K.G. MacLeod Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond GSA Special Paper vol. 356 2002 395 413
    • (2002) GSA Special Paper , vol.356 , pp. 395-413
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Twitchett, R.J.2
  • 134
    • 0030436680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the timing of palaeoenvironmental changes at the Permo-Triassic (P/Tr) boundary using conodont biostratigraphy
    • P.B. Wignall, H. Kozur, and A. Hallam On the timing of palaeoenvironmental changes at the Permo-Triassic (P/Tr) boundary using conodont biostratigraphy Historical Biology 12 1996 39 62
    • (1996) Historical Biology , vol.12 , pp. 39-62
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Kozur, H.2    Hallam, A.3
  • 135
    • 84879617705 scopus 로고
    • Major wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
    • V.L. Sharpton P.D. Ward Global Catastrophes in Earth History
    • W.S. Wolbach, I. Gilmour, and E. Anders Major wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary V.L. Sharpton P.D. Ward Global Catastrophes in Earth History Geological Society of America Special Publication vol. 247 1990 391 400
    • (1990) Geological Society of America Special Publication , vol.247 , pp. 391-400
    • Wolbach, W.S.1    Gilmour, I.2    Anders, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.