-
2
-
-
0032575722
-
-
P. F. Hoffman, A. J. Kaufman, G. P. Halverson, D. P. Schrag, Science 281, 1342 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.281
, pp. 1342
-
-
Hoffman, P.F.1
Kaufman, A.J.2
Halverson, G.P.3
Schrag, D.P.4
-
7
-
-
27144538915
-
-
G. Jenkins, M. McMenamin, L. Sohl, Eds.
-
S. Xiao, in The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry, and Climate, G. Jenkins, M. McMenamin, L. Sohl, Eds.
-
The Extreme Proterozoic: Geology, Geochemistry, and Climate
-
-
Xiao, S.1
-
9
-
-
0002929079
-
-
J. W. Schopf, C. Klein, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge)
-
J. L. Kirschvink, in The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study, J. W. Schopf, C. Klein, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1992), p. 1348.
-
(1992)
The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study
, pp. 1348
-
-
Kirschvink, J.L.1
-
10
-
-
0034713397
-
-
B. Runnegar, Nature 405, 403 (2000).
-
(2000)
Nature
, vol.405
, pp. 403
-
-
Runnegar, B.1
-
11
-
-
0034713446
-
-
W. T. Hyde, T. J. Crowley, S. K. Baum, W. R. Peltier, Nature 405, 425 (2000).
-
(2000)
Nature
, vol.405
, pp. 425
-
-
Hyde, W.T.1
Crowley, T.J.2
Baum, S.K.3
Peltier, W.R.4
-
13
-
-
17844376779
-
-
M. Babinski, L. V. S. Monteiro, A. H. Fetter, J. S. Bettencourt, T. F. Oliveira, J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2005, 293 (2005).
-
(2005)
J. S. Am. Earth Sci.
, vol.2005
, pp. 293
-
-
Babinski, M.1
Monteiro, L.V.S.2
Fetter, A.H.3
Bettencourt, J.S.4
Oliveira, T.F.5
-
14
-
-
27144557582
-
-
note
-
Six cores were examined in the field, four of which were collected. One core was selected for biomarker analysis on the basis of the thickness of the black shale unit.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
27144473651
-
-
paper presented, Denver, CO, 7 to 10 November
-
K. B. Brody, A. J. Kaufman, J. L. Eigenbrode, G. D. Cody, paper presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 7 to 10 November, 2004.
-
(2004)
Geological Society of America Annual Meeting
-
-
Brody, K.B.1
Kaufman, A.J.2
Eigenbrode, J.L.3
Cody, G.D.4
-
19
-
-
12844266153
-
-
N. P. James, G. M. Narbonne, R. W. Dalrymple, T. K. Kyser, Geology 33, 9 (2005).
-
(2005)
Geology
, vol.33
, pp. 9
-
-
James, N.P.1
Narbonne, G.M.2
Dalrymple, R.W.3
Kyser, T.K.4
-
21
-
-
27144512486
-
-
note
-
Information on materials and methods is available on Science Online.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0033527055
-
-
R. E. Summons, L. L. Jahnke, J. M. Hope, G. A. Logan, Nature 400, 554 (1999).
-
(1999)
Nature
, vol.400
, pp. 554
-
-
Summons, R.E.1
Jahnke, L.L.2
Hope, J.M.3
Logan, G.A.4
-
24
-
-
27144514685
-
-
note
-
13C analyses.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
0002952248
-
-
J. M. Moldowan, P. Albrecht, R. P. Philp, Eds. (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ)
-
R. E. Summons, L. L. Jahnke, in Biological Markers in Sediments and Petroleum: A Tribute to Wolfgang K. Seifert, J. M. Moldowan, P. Albrecht, R. P. Philp, Eds. (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992), pp. 182-200.
-
(1992)
Biological Markers in Sediments and Petroleum: A Tribute to Wolfgang K. Seifert
, pp. 182-200
-
-
Summons, R.E.1
Jahnke, L.L.2
-
26
-
-
0001692917
-
-
H. L. ten Haven, M. Rohmer, J. Rullkoetter, P. Bisseret, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 3073 (1989).
-
(1989)
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
, vol.53
, pp. 3073
-
-
Ten Haven, H.L.1
Rohmer, M.2
Rullkoetter, J.3
Bisseret, P.4
-
32
-
-
0034008877
-
-
K. Arouri, P. J. Conaghan, M. R. Walter, G. C. O. Bischoff, K. Grey, Precambrian Res. 100, 235 (2000).
-
(2000)
Precambrian Res.
, vol.100
, pp. 235
-
-
Arouri, K.1
Conaghan, P.J.2
Walter, M.R.3
Bischoff, G.C.O.4
Grey, K.5
-
33
-
-
0347447389
-
-
C. Li, P. a. Peng, G. Sheng, J. Fu, Y. Yan, Precambrian Res. 125, 337 (2003).
-
(2003)
Precambrian Res.
, vol.125
, pp. 337
-
-
Li, C.1
Peng, P.A.2
Sheng, G.3
Fu, J.4
Yan, Y.5
-
37
-
-
0032569044
-
-
J. C. Priscu et al., Science 280, 2095 (1998).
-
(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 2095
-
-
Priscu, J.C.1
-
38
-
-
0041531213
-
-
D. R. Mueller, W. F. Vincent, W. H. Pollard, C. H. Fritsen, Nova Hedwigia Beih. 123, 173 (2001).
-
(2001)
Nova Hedwigia Beih.
, vol.123
, pp. 173
-
-
Mueller, D.R.1
Vincent, W.F.2
Pollard, W.H.3
Fritsen, C.H.4
-
42
-
-
0002619463
-
-
R. Wollast, F. T. Mackenzie, L. Chou, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York)
-
G. A. Knauer, in Interactions of C, N, P, and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, R. Wollast, F. T. Mackenzie, L. Chou, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993), pp. 211-231.
-
(1993)
Interactions of C, N, P, and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change
, pp. 211-231
-
-
Knauer, G.A.1
-
46
-
-
19944431675
-
-
published online 20 January 2005 (10.1126/science.1104323)
-
K. Grice et al., Science 307, 706 (2005); published online 20 January 2005 (10.1126/science.1104323).
-
(2005)
Science
, vol.307
, pp. 706
-
-
Grice, K.1
-
49
-
-
27144537830
-
-
note
-
We thank Companhia Mineira de Metals for samples, R. Summons and E. Grosjean for helpful discussion and metastable-reaction monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses; G. Love, A. Bradley, J. Brocks, C. Li, M. Eek, K. Nealson, and W. Berelson for helpful discussion; J. Pinho and K. B. Brody for help in Brazil; N. Geboy and C. France for TOC abundance data; G. McDonald for lab access; as well as two anonymous reviewers for comments. Supported by NSF grants EAR0418083 (F.C., A.S., A.O.) and EAR0126378 (A.J.K.) and NASA Exobiology grant 42000-62153 (F.C. and A.O.).
-
-
-
|