A weathering hypothesis for glaciation at high atmospheric pCO2 during the Late Ordovician

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 152, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 173-187

  Kump, L R ^a   Arthur, M A ^a   Patzkowsky, M E ^a   Gibbs, M T ^a   Pinkus, D S ^a   Sheehan, P M ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Carbon isotopes; Glaciation; Ordivician; Weathering

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; GLACIATION; ICE SHEET; ORDOVICIAN; OROGENY; PALEOCLIMATE; WEATHERING;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033566629     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00046-2     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Armstrong H.A. High-resolution biostratigraphy (conodonts and graptolites) of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian - evaluation of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Mod. Geol. 20:1995;41-68.
2. Armstrong H.A., Coe A.L. Deep-sea sediments record the geophysiology of the late Ordovician glaciation. J. Geol. Soc. London. 154:1997;929-934.
3. 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon. Nature. 315:1985;216-218.
4. Arthur M.A., Dean W.E., Pratt L.M. Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary. Nature. 335:1988;714-717.
5. Azmy K., Veizer J., Bassett M.G., Copper P. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Silurian brachiopods: implications for coeval seawater and glaciations. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 110:1998;1499-1512.
6. Banner J.L., Hanson G.N. Calculation of simultaneous isotopic and trace element variations during water-rock interaction with applications to carbonate diagenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 54:1990;3123-3137.
7. 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 294:1994;56-91.
8. Berry, W.B.N., 1986. Stratigraphic significance of Glyptograptus persculptus group graptolites in central Nevada, U.S.A. In: Hughes, C.P., Rickards, R.B., Chapman, A.J. (Eds.), Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Graptolites. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 20, 135-143.
9. 13C in nature and in the laboratory: growth-rate effects in some haptophyte algae. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 11:1997;279-292.
10. Brenchley, P.J., 1989. The Late Ordovician extinction. In: Donovan, S.K. (Ed.), Mass Extinctions: Processes and Evidence. Belhaven Press, London, pp. 104-132.
11. Brenchley P.J., Marshall J.D., Carden G.A.F., Robertson D.B.R., Long D.G.F., Meidla T., Hints L., Anderson T.F. Bathymetric and isotopic evidence for a short-lived Late Ordovician glaciation in a greenhouse period. Geology. 22:1994;295-298.
12. Brenchley P.J., Carden G.A.F., Marshall J.D. Environmental changes associated with the 'first strike' of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Mod. Geol. 20:1995;69-82.
13. 86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time. Geology. 10:1982;516-519.
14. Carpenter, R.M., Pandolfi, J.M., Sheehan, P.M., 1986. The Late Ordovician and Silurian of the eastern Great Basin, Part 6. The Upper Ordovician carbonate ramp. Contrib. Biol. Geol. 69, 92 pp.
15. Clayton C.J. Effect of maturity on carbon isotope ratios of oils and condensates. Org. Geochem. 17:1991;887-899.
16. Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 12:1957;133-149.
17. 2 levels. J. Geophys. Res. 96:1991;22597-22610.
18. 2 levels. J. Geophys. Res. 100:1995;1093.
19. 13C in Cretaceous marine organic matter: Source, diagenetic, or environmental signal? Mar. Geol. 7:1986;119-157.
20. Dunham, J.B., 1977. Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Upper Ordovician, Lower Silurian carbonate platform of central Nevada. In: Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., Fritsche, A.E. (Eds.), Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Pac. Sect. Vol. 1, pp. 157-164.
21. Dunham, J.B., Olson, E.R., 1980. Shallow subsurface dolomitization of subtidally deposited carbonate sediments in the Hanson Creek Formation (Ordovician-Silurian) of Central Nevada. In: Zenger, D.H., Dunham, J.B., Ethington, R.L. (Eds.), Concepts and Models of Dolomitization. Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. 28, 139-161.
22. Engleman E.E., Jackson L.L., Norton D.R. Determination of carbonate carbon in geological materials by coulometric titration. Chem. Geol. 53:1985;125-128.
23. Epstein, A.G., Epstein, J.B., Harris, L.D., 1977. Conodont color alteration; an index to organic metamorphism. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 995, 27 pp.
24. Finney, S.C., Berry, W.B.N., Murphy, M.A., 1995. Post-meeting trip - Great Basin graptolites. In: Cooper, J.D. (Ed.), Ordovician of the Great Basin: Fieldtrip Guidebook and Volume for the 7th International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton, CA, pp. 133-151.
25. 2 levels. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 6:1992;629-644.
26. Gibbs M.T., Kump L.R. Global chemical weathering at the last glacial maximum and the present: sensitivity to changes in lithology and hydrology. Paleoceanography. 9:1994;529-543.
27. 2 threshold for glaciation in the Late Ordovician. Geology. 25:1997;447-450.
28. Gildner R.F., Cisne J.L. Comparison of albedo changes due to shelf exposure and ice during the Late Ordovician glacioeustatic regression. Paleoceanography. 2:1987;177-183.
29. Goodfellow W.D., Nowlan G.S., McCracken A.D., Lanz A.C., Gregoire D.C. Geochemical anomalies near the Ordovician-Silurian boundary, Northern Yukon Territory, Canada. Hist. Biol. 6:1992;1-23.
30. Grahn Y., Caputo M.V. Early Silurian glaciations in Brazil. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 99:1992;9-15.
31. Hambrey M.J. The Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glacial period. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 51:1985;273-289.
32. Harris, A.G., Warlaw, B.R., Rust, C.C., Merrill, G.K., 1980. Miscellaneous Investigations Series. U.S. Geol. Surv., Map I-1249.
33. Harris M.T., Sheehan P.M. Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian depositional sequences determined from middle shelf sections, Barn Hills and Lakeside Mountains, eastern Great Basin. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 306:1996;161-176.
34. Hayes, J.M., Kaplan, I.R., Wedeking, K.W., 1982. Precambrian organic geochemistry, preservation of the record. In: Schopf, J.W. (Ed.), Earth's Earliest Biosphere, Its Origin and Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, N.J., pp. 93-134.
35. Hurst J.M., Sheehan P.M. Depositional environments along a carbonate shelf to basin transect in the Silurian of Nevada, U.S.A. Sediment. Geol. 44:1985;143-171.
36. Hurst J.M., Sheehan P.M., Pandolfi J.M. Silurian carbonate shelf and slope evolution in Nevada; a history of faulting, drowning, and progradation. Geology. 13:1985;185-188.
37. Kasting J.F. Paradox lost and paradox found. Nature. 355:1992;676-677.
38. Kaufman A.J., Knoll A.H. Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater: stratigraphic and biochemical implications. Precambrian Res. 73:1995;27-50.
39. Knoll A.H., Hayes J.M., Kaufman A.J., Swett K., Lambert I.B. Secular variation in carbon isotope ratios from Upper Proterozoic successions of Svalbard and East Greenland. Nature. 321:1986;832-838.
40. Kump L.R. Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: Strangelove oceans. Geology. 19:1991;299-302.
41. Kump, L.R., Arthur, M.A., 1997. Global chemical erosion during the Cenozoic: weatherability balances the budget. In: Ruddiman, W. (Ed.), Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 399-426.
42. Kump, L.R., Gibbs, M.T., Arthur, M.A., Patzkowsky, M.E., Sheehan, P.M., 1995. Hirnantian glaciation and the carbon cycle. In: Cooper, J.D. et al. (Eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the 7th Int. Symp. Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Fullerton, CA, pp. 299-302.
43. Lewan M.D. Effects of thermal maturation on stable organic carbon isotopes as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Woodford Shale. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 47:1983;1471-1479.
44. Long D.G.F. Oxygen and carbon isotopes and event stratigraphy near the Ordovician-Silurian boundary, Anticosti Island, Quebec. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 104:1993;49-59.
45. Marshall J.D. Climatic and oceanographic isotopic signals from the carbonate rock record and their preservation. Geol. Mag. 129:1992;143-160.
46. Marshall J.D., Middleton P.D. Changes in marine isotopic composition and the Late Ordovician glaciation. J. Geol. Soc. London. 147:1990;1-4.
47. Marshall J.D., Brenchley P.J., Mason P., Wolff G.A., Astini R.A., Hints L., Meidla T. Global carbon isotopic events associated with mass extinction and glaciation in the late Ordovician. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 132:1997;195-210.
48. Mellinger, R.K., 1992. Modeling Study of the Uptake of Fossil-Fuel Carbon Dioxide. Master's Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
49. Middleton, P.D., Marshall, J.D., Brenchley, P.J., 1991. Evidence for isotopic change associated with Late Ordovician glaciation, from brachiopods and marine cements of central Sweden. In: Barnes, C.R., Williams, S.H. (Eds.), Advances in Ordovician Geology. Geol. Surv. Can. Pap. 90-9, 313-323.
50. Mullens, T.E., Poole, F.G., 1972. Quartz-sand-bearing zone and Early Silurian age of upper part of the Hanson Creek Formation in Eureka County, Nevada. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap. 880-B, B21-B24.
51. Murphy, M.A., 1989. Central Nevada. In: Holland, C.H., Basset, M.G. (Eds.), A Global Standard for the Silurian System. National Museum of Wales, Geol. Ser. 9, 171-177.
52. Murphy, M.A., Dunham, J.B., Berry, W.B.N., Matti, J.C., 1979. Late Llandovery unconformity in central Nevada. In: Clark, D.L. (Ed.), Proceedings on the Great Basin Stratigraphy and Paleontology Symposium, Geology Studies 26, pp. 21-35.
53. Opdyke B.N., Wilkinson B.H. Surface area control of shallow cratonic to deep marine carbonate accumulation. Paleoceanology. 3:1988;685-704.
54. Paris, F., Elaouad-Debbaj, Z., Jaglin, J.C., Massa, D., Oulebsir, L., 1995. Chitinozoans and Late Ordovician glacial events on Gondwana. In: Cooper, J.D., Droser, M.L., Finney, S.L. (Eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the 7th Int. Symp. Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton, CA, pp. 171-176.
55. Patzkowsky M.E., Slupik L.M., Arthur M.A., Pancost R.D., Freeman K.H. Late Middle Ordovician environmental change and extinction: Harbinger of the Late Ordovician or continuation of Cambrian patterns? Geology. 25:1997;911-914.
56. 13C depletion in primary marine organic matter. Am. J. Sci. 289:1989;436-454.
57. Qing H., Veizer J. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician brachiopods: implications for coeval seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 58:1994;4429-4442.
58. 2,aq] in ocean surface water: data from a JGOFS site in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and a model. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 56:1992;1413-1419.
59. Raymo M.E., Ruddiman W.F. Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature. 359:1992;117-122.
60. Richter F.M., Rowley D.B., DePaolo D.J. Sr isotope evolution of seawater: the role of tectonics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 109:1992;11-23.
61. Ripperdan R.L. Global variations in carbon isotope composition during the latest Neoproterozoic and earliest Cambrian. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 22:1994;385-417.
62. Ross, R.J. Jr., Nolan, T.B., Harris, A.G., 1979. The Upper Ordovician and Silurian Hanson Creek Formation of central Nevada. In: Anonymous (Ed.), Shorter Contributions to Stratigraphy and Structural Geology. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. P 1126 A-J, C1-C22.
63. Scholle P.A., Arthur M.A. Carbon isotopic fluctuations in Cretaceous pelagic limestones - potential stratigraphic and petroleum exploration tool. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 64:1980;67-87.
64. Scotese, C.R., 1994. Continental Drift (6th ed.). PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, TX.
65. Sheehan P.M. Late Ordovician and Silurian paleogeography of the Great Basin. Univ. Wyo. Contrib. Geol. 27:1989;41-54.
66. Sheehan, P.M., Boucot, A.J., 1991. Silurian paleogeography of the Western United States. In: Cooper, J.D., Stevens, C.H. (Eds.), Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States, II. Field Trip Guidebook-Pacific Section, Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. 67, 51-82.
67. Underwood C.J., Crowley S.F., Marshall J.D., Brenchley P.J. High resolution carbon isotope stratigraphy of the basal Silurian stratotype (Dob's Lin, Scotland) and its global correlation. J. Geol. Soc. London. 154:1997;709-718.
68. Van Staal C.R. Brunswick subduction complex in the Canadian Appalachians: record of the Late Ordovician to Late Silurian collision between Laurentia and the Gander margin of Avalon. Tectonics. 13:1994;946-962.
69. Veizer J., Bracketing P., Paulette F., Denier A., Podolia O.G., Carden G.A.F., Jasper T., Kurt C., Strauss H., Army K., Ala D. Oxygen isotope evolution of Phanerozoic seawater. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 132:1997;159-172.
70. Walker J.C.G., Kasting J.F. Effects of fuel and forest conservation on future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 97:1992;151-189.
71. 2 changes during the Hirnantian glaciation. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 132:1997;147-158.
72. Wenzel B., Joachimski M.M. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Silurian brachiopods (Gotland/Sweden): paleoceanographic implications. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 122:1996;143-166.
73. 2 pressures inferred from natural goethites. Nature. 355:1992;342-344.