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The palladium based catalysts have also been shown to be useful for N-arylation of imidazoles, however, the lack of generality of this reaction makes this protocol very limited in scope. For recent references, see:
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Selected nitrogen ligands' costs obtained from 2007-2008 Sigma-Aldrich Catalog (India-Edition): (1) 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline-1 g-97.6 USD; (2) 1,10-phenanthroline-100 g-177.4 USD; (3) 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline-1 g-472.4 USD; (4) (-)-sparteine-100 mL-164.4 USD; (5) l-proline-100 g-233.4 USD (USD=US $).
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Copper(I) ion shows diversity in coordination geometries, and is capable of attaining linear, triangular planar, or tetrahedral structures. For a comprehensive review on haloamine-copper(I) complexes, see:
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Copper(I) ion shows diversity in coordination geometries, and is capable of attaining linear, triangular planar, or tetrahedral structures. For a comprehensive review on haloamine-copper(I) complexes, see:. Caulton K.G., Davies G., and Holt E.M. Polyhedron 9 (1990) 2319
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2 L=phenanthroline or its derivative Neocuproine are effective for C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-X cross-coupling reactions; see Refs. 5a,b. Hitherto, these preformed catalysts have not been reported for C-N cross-coupling with azoles.
-
2 L=phenanthroline or its derivative Neocuproine are effective for C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-X cross-coupling reactions; see Refs. 5a,b. Hitherto, these preformed catalysts have not been reported for C-N cross-coupling with azoles.
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62
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For amination and amidation of aryl iodides with preformed copper(I)-phenanthroline complexes, see:
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For amination and amidation of aryl iodides with preformed copper(I)-phenanthroline complexes, see:. Moriwaki K., Satoh K., Takada M., Ishino Y., and Ohno T. Tetrahedron Lett. 46 (2005) 7559
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3X; where X=I, Br, or Cl. See Ref. 25g for more details.
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For (-)-sparteine derived μ-dioxo Cu(III) complexes with solution charge transfer (CT) energies that are characteristic of square-pyramidal geometry at copper, see:
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For (-)-sparteine derived μ-dioxo Cu(III) complexes with solution charge transfer (CT) energies that are characteristic of square-pyramidal geometry at copper, see:. Funahashi Y., Nakaya K., Hirota S., and Yamauchi O. Chem. Lett. (2000) 1172
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100
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38649100049
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- complexes.
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- complexes.
-
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101
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38649112977
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2), which corresponds to large destabilization of the Cu(III) center: see Ref. 32a for further details.
-
-
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106
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38649089188
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note
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ADF2006.01, SCM, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; see Supplementary data for complete references.
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38649098819
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note
-
Instead of 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand, its unmethylated analog 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline was employed for computational studies for convenience.
-
-
-
-
110
-
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38649135452
-
-
2 core has been reported, see:
-
2 core has been reported, see:
-
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112
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4644262322
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