Evaluation tools and animal models of peripheral neuropathies

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 72-108

  Fricker, B ^a,b   Muller, A ^a,b   Rene F ^a,b  

^a INSERM   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

Author keywords

Animal model; Cyclin D1; Electrophysiology; Histology; Myelin sheath; Peripheral neuropathy; Schwann cell; Sciatic nerve; Transgenic mouse behaviour

Indexed keywords

CYCLIN D1;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CHEMICAL INJURY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE MODEL; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MOUSE; NERVE DEGENERATION; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; SCHWANN CELL; SCIATIC NERVE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; EVALUATION STUDIES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES;

EID: 37849000527     PISSN: 16602854     EISSN: 16602862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000112835     Document Type: Review

References (322)

1. Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Lehman KA, Karnes JL, Melton LJ 3rd, O'Brien PC, Litchy WJ, Windebank AJ, Smith BE, Low PA, et al: The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study: design, criteria for types of neuropathy, selection bias, and reproducibility of neuropathic tests. Neurology 1991;41:799-807.
2. Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, Lehman KA, Hokanson JL, Low PA, O'Brien PC: Variables influencing neuropathic endpoints: the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study of Healthy Subjects. Neurology 1995;45:1115-1121.
3. Feldman EL, Stevens MJ, Thomas PK, Brown MB, Canal N, Greene DA: A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1281-1289.
4. Taylor BV, Wright RA, Harper CM, Dyck PJ: Natural history of 46 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:900-908.
5. Abromson-Leeman S, Bronson R, Dorf ME: Experimental autoimmune peripheral neuritis induced in BALB/c mice by myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones. J Exp Med 1995;182:587-592.
6. Sereda MW, Meyer zu Horste G, Suter U, Uzma N, Nave KA: Therapeutic administration of progesterone antagonist in a model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-1A). Nat Med 2003;9:1533-1537.
7. Taylor JM, Pollard JD: Neurophysiological changes in demyelinating and axonal forms of acute experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat. Muscle Nerve 2003;28:344-352.
8. de Medinacelli L, Freed WJ, Wyatt RJ: An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. Exp Neurol 1982;77:634-643.
9. Walker JL, Evans JM, Meade P, Resig P, Sisken BF: Gait-stance duration as a measure of injury and recovery in the rat sciatic nerve model. J Neurosci Methods 1994;52:47-52.
10. Kerns JM, Fakhouri AJ, Pavkovic IM: A twitch tension method to assess motor nerve function in rat. J Neurosci Methods 1987;19:259-266.
11. Lin JH, Chen SM, Liaw LJ, Lee CH: Study of isometric lifting strength in normal Chinese adults. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1996;12:400-408.
12. Varejao AS, Meek MF, Ferreira AJ, Patricio JA, Cabrita AM: Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat: walking track analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2001;108:1-9.
13. Nichols CM, Myckatyn TM, Rickman SR, Fox IK, Hadlock T, Mackinnon SE: Choosing the correct functional assay: a comprehensive assessment of functional tests in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2005;163:143-158.
14. Edwards PM, Parker VH: A simple, sensitive, and objective method for early assessment of acrylamide neuropathy in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977;40:589-591.
15. Authier N, Gillet JP, Fialip J, Eschalier A, Coudore F: An animal model of nociceptive peripheral neuropathy following repeated cisplatin injections. Exp Neurol 2003;182:12-20.
16. Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, Flores C, Joris J: A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain 1988;32:77-88.
17. Decosterd I, Woolf CJ: Spared nerve injury: an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain 2000;87:149-158.
18. Hao JX, Yu W, Xu XJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z: Capsaicin-sensitive afferents mediate chronic cold, but not mechanical, allodynia-like behavior in spinally injured rats. Brain Res 1996;722:177-180.
19. Allchorne AJ, Broom DC, Woolf CJ: Detection of cold pain, cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in freely behaving rats. Mol Pain 2005;1:36.
20. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA: 1998 William J. Stickel Silver Award: mechanically assisted, delayed primary closure of diabetic foot wounds. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1998;88:483-488.
21. Mueller MJ: Identifying patients with diabetes mellitus who are at risk for lower-extremity complications: use of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. Phys Ther 1996;76:68-71.
22. Vileikyte L, Hutchings G, Hollis S, Boulton AJ: The tactile circumferential discriminator: a new, simple screening device to identify diabetic patients at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Care 1997;20:623-626.
23. Apfel SC, Asbury AK, Bril V, Burns TM, Campbell JN, Chalk CH, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJ, Feldman EL, Fields HL, Grant IA, Griffin JW, Klein CJ, Lindblom U, Litchy WJ, Low PA, Melanson M, Mendell JR, Merren MD, O'Brien PC, Rendell M, Rizza RA, Service FJ, Thomas PK, Walk D, Wang AK, Wessel K, Windebank AJ, Ziegler D, Zochodne DW: Positive neuropathic sensory symptoms as endpoints in diabetic neuropathy trials. J Neurol Sci 2001;189:3-5.
24. Dyck PJ, Karnes J, O'Brien PC, Swanson CJ: Neuropathy Symptom Profile in health, motor neuron disease, diabetic neuropathy, and amyloidosis. Neurology 1986;36:1300-1308.
25. Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, Chung JM, Yaksh TL: Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods 1994;53:55-63.
26. Randall LO, Selitto JJ: A method for measurement of analgesic activity on inflamed tissue. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1957;111:409-419.
27. Decosterd I, Buchser E, Gilliard N, Saydoff J, Zurn AD, Aebischer P: Intrathecal implants of bovine chromaffin cells alleviate mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 1998;76:159-166.
28. De Koning P, Brakkee JH, Gispen WH: Methods for producing a reproducible crush in the sciatic and tibial nerve of the rat and rapid and precise testing of return of sensory function: beneficial effects of melanocortins. J Neurol Sci 1986;74:237-246.
29. Dijkstra A, Vlaeyen JW, Rijnen H, Nielson W: Readiness to adopt the self-management approach to cope with chronic pain in fibromyalgic patients. Pain 2001;90:37-45.
30. Thalhammer JG, Vladimirova M, Bershadsky B, Strichartz GR: Neurologic evaluation of the rat during sciatic nerve block with lidocaine. Anesthesiology 1995;82:1013-1025.
31. Donofrio PD, Albers JW: AAEM minimonograph No 34: polyneuropathy: classification by nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Muscle Nerve 1990;13:889-903.
32. McLeod JG: Investigation of peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:274-283.
33. Thrush D: Investigation of peripheral neuropathy. Br J Hosp Med 1992;48:13-22.
34. Bracker MD, Ralph LP: The numb arm and hand. Am Fam Physician 1995;51:103-116.
35. Dyck PJ GC, Lais A: Pathologic Alterations of Nerves. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1993.
36. Dyck PJ, Karnes J, O'Brien P, Nukada H, Lais A, Low P: Spatial pattern of nerve fiber abnormality indicative of pathologic mechanism. Am J Pathol 1984;117:225-238.
37. Torch S, Stoebner P, Usson Y, D'Aubigny GD, Saxod R: There is no simple adequate sampling scheme for estimating the myelinated fibre size distribution in human peripheral nerve: a statistical ultrastructural study. J Neurosci Methods 1989;27:149-164.
38. Johnson PC, Beggs JL, Olafsen AG, Watkins CJ: Unmyelinated nerve fiber estimation by immunocytochemistry: correlation with electron microscopy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1994;53:176-183.
39. Kennedy WR, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, Johnson T: Quantitation of epidermal nerves in diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1996;47:1042-1048.
40. Polydefkis M, Yiannoutsos CT, Cohen BA, Hollander H, Schifitto G, Clifford DB, Simpson DM, Katzenstein D, Shriver S, Hauer P, Brown A, Haidich AB, Moo L, McArthur JC: Reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Neurology 2002;58:115-119.
41. McCarthy BG, Hsieh ST, Stocks A, Hauer P, Macko C, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, McArthur JC: Cutaneous innervation in sensory neuropathies: evaluation by skin biopsy. Neurology 1995;45:1848-1855.
42. Holland NR, Crawford TO, Hauer P, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, McArthur JC: Small-fiber sensory neuropathies: clinical course and neuropathology of idiopathic cases. Ann Neurol 1998;44:47-59.
43. Kakinoki B, Sekimoto S, Yuki S, Ohgami T, Sejima M, Yamagami K, Saito K: Orally active neurotrophin-enhancing agent protects against dysfunctions of the peripheral nerves in hyperglycemic animals. Diabetes 2006;55:616-621.
44. Lauria G, Lombardi R, Borgna M, Penza P, Bianchi R, Savino C, Canta A, Nicolini G, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G: Intraepidermal nerve fiber density in rat foot pad: neuropathologic-neurophysiologic correlation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10:202-208.
45. Siau C, Xiao W, Bennett GJ: Paclitaxel- and vincristine-evoked painful peripheral neuropathies: loss of epidermal innervation and activation of Langerhans cells. Exp Neurol 2006;201:507-514.
46. Kiryu S, Yao GL, Morita N, Kato H, Kiyama H: Nerve injury enhances rat neuronal glutamate transporter expression: identification by differential display PCR. J Neurosci 1995;15:7872-7878.
47. Costigan M, Mannion RJ, Kendall G, Lewis SE, Campagna JA, Coggeshall RE, Meridith-Middleton J, Tate S, Woolf CJ: Heat shock protein 27: developmental regulation and expression after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci 1998;18:5891-5900.
48. Tanabe K, Nakagomi S, Kiryu-Seo S, Namikawa K, Imai Y, Ochi T, Tohyama M, Kiyama H: Expressed-sequence-tag approach to identify differentially expressed genes following peripheral nerve axotomy. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999;64:34-40.
49. Araki T, Nagarajan R, Milbrandt J: Identification of genes induced in peripheral nerve after injury: expression profiling and novel gene discovery. J Biol Chem 2001;276:34131-34141.
50. Kubo T, Yamashita T, Yamaguchi A, Hosokawa K, Tohyama M: Analysis of genes induced in peripheral nerve after axotomy using cDNA microarrays. J Neurochem 2002;82:1129-1136.
51. Price SA, Zeef LA, Wardleworth L, Hayes A, Tomlinson DR: Identification of changes in gene expression in dorsal root ganglia in diabetic neuropathy: correlation with functional deficits. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006;65:722-732.
52. Mechaly I, Bourane S, Piquemal D, Al-Jumaily M, Venteo S, Puech S, Scamps F, Valmier J, Carroll P: Gene profiling during development and after a peripheral nerve traumatism reveals genes specifically induced by injury in dorsal root ganglia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006;32:217-229.
53. ten Asbroek AL, Verhamme C, van Groenigen M, Wolterman R, de Kok-Nazaruk MM, Baas F: Expression profiling of sciatic nerve in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1a mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2005;79:825-835.
54. Tanabe K, Bonilla I, Winkles JA, Strittmatter SM: Fibroblast growth factor-inducible-14 is induced in axotomized neurons and promotes neurite outgrowth. J Neurosci 2003;23:9675-9686.
55. Giambonini-Brugnoli G, Buchstaller J, Sommer L, Suter U, Mantei N: Distinct disease mechanisms in peripheral neuropathies due to altered peripheral myelin protein 22 gene dosage or a Pmp22 point mutation. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:656-668.
56. Vigo T, Nobbio L, Hummelen PV, Abbruzzese M, Mancardi G, Verpoorten N, Verhoeven K, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Timmerman V, Schenone A: Experimental Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A: a cDNA microarrays analysis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005;28:703-714.
57. Suter U, Scherer SS: Disease mechanisms in inherited neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003;4:714-726.
58. Kuhlenbaumer G, Young P, Hunermund G, Ringelstein B, Stogbauer F: Clinical features and molecular genetics of hereditary peripheral neuropathies. J Neurol 2002;249:1629-1650.
59. Dyck PJ, Lambert EH: Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. I. Neurologic, genetic, and electrophysiologic findings in hereditary polyneuropathies. Arch Neurol 1968;18:603-618.
60. Dyck PJ, Lambert EH: Lower motor and primary sensory neuron diseases with peroneal muscular atrophy. II. Neurologic, genetic, and electrophysiologic findings in various neuronal degenerations. Arch Neurol 1968;18:619-625.
61. D'Urso D, Ehrhardt P, Muller HW: Peripheral myelin protein 22 and protein zero: a novel association in peripheral nervous system myelin. J Neurosci 1999;19:3396-3403.
62. Hasse B, Bosse F, Hanenberg H, Muller HW: Peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa and protein zero: domain specific trans-interactions. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004;27:370-378.
63. Yoshihara T, Yamamoto M, Doyu M, Mis KI, Hattori N, Hasegawa Y, Mokuno K, Mitsuma T, Sobue G: Mutations in the peripheral myelin protein zero and connexin 32 genes detected by non-isotopic RNase cleavage assay and their phenotypes in Japanese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Hum Mutat 2000;16:177-178.
64. Kochanski A, Kabzinska D, Nowakowski A, Drac H, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I: An axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with a novel missense mutation in the myelin protein zero gene. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2004;9:1-2.
65. Rambukkana A, Yamada H, Zanazzi G, Mathus T, Salzer JL, Yurchenco PD, Campbell KP, Fischetti VA: Role of alpha-dystroglycan as a Schwann cell receptor for Mycobacterium leprae. Science 1998;282:2076-2079.
66. Fabrizi GM, Cavallaro T, Angiari C, Cabrini I, Taioli F, Malerba G, Bertolasi L, Rizzuto N: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2E, a disorder of the cytoskeleton. Brain 2007;130:394-403.
67. Zuchner S, Vorgerd M, Sindern E, Schroder JM: The novel neurofilament light (NEFL) mutation Glu397Lys is associated with a clinically and morphologically heterogeneous type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2004;14:147-157.
68. Brownlees J, Ackerley S, Grierson AJ, Jacobsen NJ, Shea K, Anderton BH, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Miller CC: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neurofilament mutations disrupt neurofilament assembly and axonal transport. Hum Mol Genet 2002;11:2837-2844.
69. Perez-Olle R, Lopez-Toledano MA, Goryunov D, Cabrera-Poch N, Stefanis L, Brown K, Liem RK: Mutations in the neurofilament light gene linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease cause defects in transport. J Neurochem 2005;93:861-874.
70. Evgrafov OV, Mersiyanova I, Irobi J, Van Den Bosch L, Dierick I, Leung CL, Schagina O, Verpoorten N, Van Impe K, Fedotov V, Dadali E, Auer-Grumbach M, Windpassinger C, Wagner K, Mitrovic Z, Hilton-Jones D, Talbot K, Martin JJ, Vasserman N, Tverskaya S, Polyakov A, Liem RK, Gettemans J, Robberecht W, De Jonghe P, Timmerman V: Mutant small heat-shock protein 27 causes axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Nat Genet 2004;36:602-606.
71. Zhao C, Takita J, Tanaka Y, Setou M, Nakagawa T, Takeda S, Yang HW, Terada S, Nakata T, Takei Y, Saito M, Tsuji S, Hayashi Y, Hirokawa N: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A caused by mutation in a microtubule motor KIF1Bbeta. Cell 2001;105:587-597.
72. Bolis A, Coviello S, Bussini S, Dina G, Pardini C, Previtali SC, Malaguti M, Morana P, Del Carro U, Feltri ML, Quattrini A, Wrabetz L, Bolino A: Loss of Mtmr2 phosphatase in Schwann cells but not in motor neurons causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B1 neuropathy with myelin outfoldings. J Neurosci 2005;25:8567-8577.
73. Berger P, Sirkowski EE, Scherer SS, Suter U: Expression analysis of the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 indicates that myelinating Schwann cells are the primary disease target in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom. Neurobiol Dis 2004;17:290-299.
74. Hunter M, Angelicheva D, Tournev I, Ingley E, Chan DC, Watts GF, Kremensky I, Kalaydjieva L: NDRG1 interacts with APO A-I and A-II and is a functional candidate for the HDL-C QTL on 8q24. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;332:982-992.
75. Okuda T, Higashi Y, Kokame K, Tanaka C, Kondoh H, Miyata T: Ndrg1-deficient mice exhibit a progressive demyelinating disorder of peripheral nerves. Mol Cell Biol 2004;24:3949-3956.
76. Niemann A, Ruegg M, La Padula V, Schenone A, Suter U: Ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 is a regulator of the mitochondrial network: new implications for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Cell Biol 2005;170:1067-1078.
77. Verhoeven K, De Jonghe P, Coen K, Verpoorten N, Auer-Grumbach M, Kwon JM, FitzPatrick D, Schmedding E, De Vriendt E, Jacobs A, Van Gerwen V, Wagner K, Hartung HP, Timmerman V: Mutations in the small GTP-ase late endosomal protein RAB7 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B neuropathy. Am J Hum Genet 2003;72:722-727.
78. Jordens I, Fernandez-Borja M, Marsman M, Dusseljee S, Janssen L, Calafat J, Janssen H, Wubbolts R, Neefjes J: The Rab7 effector protein RILP controls lysosomal transport by inducing the recruitment of dynein-dynactin motors. Curr Biol 2001;11:1680-1685.
79. Sharma DK, Choudhury A, Singh RD, Wheatley CL, Marks DL, Pagano RE: Glycosphingolipids internalized via caveolar-related endocytosis rapidly merge with the clathrin pathway in early endosomes and form microdomains for recycling. J Biol Chem 2003;278:7564-7572.
80. Houlden H, King RH, Muddle JR, Warner TT, Reilly MM, Orrell RW, Ginsberg L: A novel RAB7 mutation associated with ulcero-mutilating neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2004;56:586-590.
81. Kijima K, Numakura C, Izumino H, Umetsu K, Nezu A, Shiiki T, Ogawa M, Ishizaki Y, Kitamura T, Shozawa Y, Hayasaka K: Mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 mutation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A. Hum Genet 2005;116:23-27.
82. Zuchner S, Mersiyanova IV, Muglia M, Bissar-Tadmouri N, Rochelle J, Dadali EL, Zappia M, Nelis E, Patitucci A, Senderek J, Parman Y, Evgrafov O, Jonghe PD, Takahashi Y, Tsuji S, Pericak-Vance MA, Quattrone A, Battaloglu E, Polyakov AV, Timmerman V, Schroder JM, Vance JM: Mutations in the mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin 2 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A. Nat Genet 2004;36:449-451.
83. Zuchner S, Noureddine M, Kennerson M, Verhoeven K, Claeys K, De Jonghe P, Merory J, Oliveira SA, Speer MC, Stenger JE, Walizada G, Zhu D, Pericak-Vance MA, Nicholson G, Timmerman V, Vance JM: Mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin 2 cause dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Nat Genet 2005;37:289-294.
84. Tanaka Y, Hirokawa N: Mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Trends Genet 2002;18:S39-S44.
85. Martini R: Animal models for inherited peripheral neuropathies. J Anat 1997;191:321-336.
86. Suter U, Welcher AA, Ozcelik T, Snipes GJ, Kosaras B, Francke U, Billings-Gagliardi S, Sidman RL, Shooter EM: Trembler mouse carries a point mutation in a myelin gene. Nature 1992;356:241-244.
87. Valentijn LJ, Baas F, Wolterman RA, Hoogendijk JE, van den Bosch NH, Zorn I, Gabreels-Festen AW, de Visser M, Bolhuis PA: Identical point mutations of PMP-22 in Trembler-J mouse and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Nat Genet 1992;2:288-291.
88. Ionasescu VV, Searby CC, Ionasescu R, Chatkupt S, Patel N, Koenigsberger R: Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy in mother and son with same point mutation of PMP22 gene. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:97-99.
89. Robertson AM, Huxley C, King RH, Thomas PK: Development of early postnatal peripheral nerve abnormalities in Trembler-J and PMP22 transgenic mice. J Anat 1999;195:331-339.
90. Meekins GD, Emery MJ, Weiss MD: Nerve conduction abnormalities in the trembler-j mouse: a model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A? J Peripher Nerv Syst 2004;9:177-182.
91. Robertson AM, Perea J, McGuigan A, King RH, Muddle JR, Gabreels-Festen AA, Thomas PK, Huxley C: Comparison of a new pmp22 transgenic mouse line with other mouse models and human patients with CMT1A. J Anat 2002;200:377-390.
92. Isaacs AM, Jeans A, Oliver PL, Vizor L, Brown SD, Hunter AJ, Davies KE: Identification of a new Pmp22 mouse mutant and trafficking analysis of a Pmp22 allelic series suggesting that protein aggregates may be protective in Pmp22-associated peripheral neuropathy. Mol Cell Neurosci 2002;21:114-125.
93. Isaacs AM, Davies KE, Hunter AJ, Nolan PM, Vizor L, Peters J, Gale DG, Kelsell DP, Latham ID, Chase JM, Fisher EM, Bouzyk MM, Potter A, Masih M, Walsh FS, Sims MA, Doncaster KE, Parsons CA, Martin J, Brown SD, Rastan S, Spurr NK, Gray IC: Identification of two new Pmp22 mouse mutants using large-scale mutagenesis and a novel rapid mapping strategy. Hum Mol Genet 2000;9:1865-1871.
94. Sereda M, Griffiths I, Puhlhofer A, Stewart H, Rossner MJ, Zimmerman F, Magyar JP, Schneider A, Hund E, Meinck HM, Suter U, Nave KA: A transgenic rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neuron 1996;16:1049-1060.
95. Grandis M, Leandri M, Vigo T, Cilli M, Sereda MW, Gherardi G, Benedetti L, Mancardi G, Abbruzzese M, Nave KA, Nobbio L, Schenone A: Early abnormalities in sciatic nerve function and structure in a rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease. Exp Neurol 2004;190:213-223.
96. Magyar JP, Martini R, Ruelicke T, Aguzzi A, Adlkofer K, Dembic Z, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U: Impaired differentiation of Schwann cells in transgenic mice with increased PMP22 gene dosage. J Neurosci 1996;16:5351-5360.
97. Huxley C, Passage E, Robertson AM, Youl B, Huston S, Manson A, Saberan-Djoniedi D, Figarella-Branger D, Pellissier JF, Thomas PK, Fontes M: Correlation between varying levels of PMP22 expression and the degree of demyelination and reduction in nerve conduction velocity in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 1998;7:449-458.
98. Huxley C, Passage E, Manson A, Putzu G, Figarella-Branger D, Pellissier JF, Fontes M: Construction of a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A by pronuclear injection of human YAC DNA. Hum Mol Genet 1996;5:563-569.
99. Adlkofer K, Frei R, Neuberg DH, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U: Heterozygous peripheral myelin protein 22-deficient mice are affected by a progressive demyelinating tomaculous neuropathy. J Neurosci 1997;17:4662-4671.
100. Adlkofer K, Martini R, Aguzzi A, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U: Hypermyelination and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in Pmp22-deficient mice. Nat Genet 1995;11:274-280.
101. Perea J, Robertson A, Tolmachova T, Muddle J, King RH, Ponsford S, Thomas PK, Huxley C: Induced myelination and demyelination in a conditional mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Hum Mol Genet 2001;10:1007-1018.
102. Shy ME, Garbern JY, Kamholz J: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: a biological perspective. Lancet Neurol 2002;1:110-118.
103. Giese KP, Martini R, Lemke G, Soriano P, Schachner M: Mouse P0 gene disruption leads to hypomyelination, abnormal expression of recognition molecules, and degeneration of myelin and axons. Cell 1992;71:565-576.
104. Martini R, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Giese KP, Schachner M: Protein zero (P0)-deficient mice show myelin degeneration in peripheral nerves characteristic of inherited human neuropathies. Nat Genet 1995;11:281-286.
105. Zielasek J, Martini R, Toyka KV: Functional abnormalities in P0-deficient mice resemble human hereditary neuropathies linked to P0 gene mutations. Muscle Nerve 1996;19:946-952.
106. Wrabetz L, D'Antonio M, Pennuto M, Dati G, Tinelli E, Fratta P, Previtali S, Imperiale D, Zielasek J, Toyka K, Avila RL, Kirschner DA, Messing A, Feltri ML, Quattrini A: Different intracellular pathomechanisms produce diverse myelin protein zero neuropathies in transgenic mice. J Neurosci 2006;26:2358-2368.
107. Runker AE, Kobsar I, Fink T, Loers G, Tilling T, Putthoff P, Wessig C, Martini R, Schachner M: Pathology of a mouse mutation in peripheral myelin protein P0 is characteristic of a severe and early onset form of human Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B disorder. J Cell Biol 2004;165:565-573.
108. Bergoffen J, Scherer SS, Wang S, Scott MO, Bone LJ, Paul DL, Chen K, Lensch MW, Chance PF, Fischbeck KH: Connexin mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Science 1993;262:2039-2042.
109. Bone LJ, Deschenes SM, Balice-Gordon RJ, Fischbeck KH, Scherer SS: Connexin 32 and X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neurobiol Dis 1997;4:221-230.
110. Bruzzone R, White TW, Scherer SS, Fischbeck KH, Paul DL: Null mutations of connexin 32 in patients with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neuron 1994;13:1253-1260.
111. Nelles E, Butzler C, Jung D, Temme A, Gabriel HD, Dahl U, Traub O, Stumpel F, Jungermann K, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Dermietzel R, Willecke K: Defective propagation of signals generated by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the liver of connexin-32-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:9565-9570.
112. Anzini P, Neuberg DH, Schachner M, Nelles E, Willecke K, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U, Martini R: Structural abnormalities and deficient maintenance of peripheral nerve myelin in mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin 32. J Neurosci 1997;17:4545-4551.
113. Scherer SS, Xu YT, Messing A, Willecke K, Fischbeck KH, Jeng LJ: Transgenic expression of human connexin 32 in myelinating Schwann cells prevents demyelination in connexin-32-null mice. J Neurosci 2005;25:1550-1559.
114. WHO: Leprosy Elimination Project Status Report 2003. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
115. Jacobson RR, Krahenbuhl JL: Leprosy. Lancet 1999;353:655-660.
116. Creange A: The diagnosis of acquired sensory neuropathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2004;160:363-370.
117. Rambukkana A: Mycobacterium leprae -induced demyelination: a model for early nerve degeneration. Curr Opin Immunol 2004;16:511-518.
118. Ooi WW, Srinivasan J: Leprosy and the peripheral nervous system: basic and clinical aspects. Muscle Nerve 2004;30:393-409.
119. Ng V, Zanazzi G, Timpl R, Talts JF, Salzer JL, Brennan PJ, Rambukkana A: Role of the cell wall phenolic glycolipid-1 in the peripheral nerve predilection of Mycobacterium leprae. Cell 2000;103:511-524.
120. Rambukkana A, Zanazzi G, Tapinos N, Salzer JL: Contact-dependent demyelination by Mycobacterium leprae in the absence of immune cells. Science 2002;296:927-931.
121. Adams LB, Scollard DM, Ray NA, Cooper AM, Frank AA, Orme IM, Krahenbuhl JL: The study of Mycobacterium leprae infection in interferon-gamma gene-disrupted mice as a model to explore the immunopathologic spectrum of leprosy. J Infect Dis 2002;185(suppl 1):S1-S8.
122. Shepard CC, McRae DH: Mycobacterium leprae in mice: minimal infectious dose, relationship between staining quality and infectivity, and effect of cortisone. J Bacteriol 1965;89:365-372.
123. Ji B, Chauffour A, Andries K, Jarlier V: Bactericidal activities of R207910 and other newer antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium leprae in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:1558-1560.
124. Pardo CA, McArthur JC, Griffin JW: HIV neuropathy: insights in the pathology of HIV peripheral nerve disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2001;6:21-27.
125. Fuller GN, Jacobs JM, Guiloff RJ: Subclinical peripheral nerve involvement in AIDS: an electrophysiological and pathological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:318-324.
126. Ronchi O, Grippo A, Ghidini P, Lolli F, Lorenzo M, Di Pietro M, Mazzotta F: Electrophysiologic study of HIV-1+ patients without signs of peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol Sci 1992;113:209-213.
127. Luciano CA, Pardo CA, McArthur JC: Recent developments in the HIV neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 2003;16:403-409.
128. Keswani SC, Pardo CA, Cherry CL, Hoke A, McArthur JC: HIV-associated sensory neuropathies. Aids 2002;16:2105-2117.
129. Jones G, Power C: Regulation of neural cell survival by HIV-1 infection. Neurobiol Dis 2006;21:1-17.
130. Kennedy JM, Hoke A, Zhu Y, Johnston JB, van Marle G, Silva C, Zochodne DW, Power C: Peripheral neuropathy in lentivirus infection: evidence of inflammation and axonal injury. Aids 2004;18:1241-1250.
131. Jones G, Zhu Y, Silva C, Tsutsui S, Pardo CA, Keppler OT, McArthur JC, Power C: Peripheral nerve-derived HIV-1 is predominantly CCR5-dependent and causes neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. Virology 2005;334:178-193.
132. Oh SB, Tran PB, Gillard SE, Hurley RW, Hammond DL, Miller RJ: Chemokines and glycoprotein 120 produce pain hypersensitivity by directly exciting primary nociceptive neurons. J Neurosci 2001;21:5027-5035.
133. Herzberg U, Sagen J: Peripheral nerve exposure to HIV viral envelope protein gp120 induces neuropathic pain and spinal gliosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001;116:29-39.
134. Wallace VC, Blackbeard J, Pheby T, Segerdahl AR, Davies M, Hasnie F, Hall S, McMahon SB, Rice AS: Pharmacological, behavioural and mechanistic analysis of HIV-1 gp120 induced painful neuropathy. Pain 2007, E-pub ahead of print.
135. Keswani SC, Jack C, Zhou C, Höke A: Establishment of a rodent model of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. J Neurosci 2006;26:10299-10304.
136. Hughes RA, Cornblath DR: Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet 2005;366:1653-1666.
137. Toyka KV: Eighty-three years of the Guillain-Barrésyndrome: clinical and immunopathologic aspects, current and future treatments. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1999;155:849-856.
138. Créange A, Sharshar T, Raphael JC, Gherardi R: Cellular aspect of neuroinflammation in Guillain-Barrésyndrome: a key to a new therapeutic option? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2002;158:15-27.
139. Buchwald B, Dudel J, Toyka KV: Neuromuscular blockade by immunoglobulin G from patients with Miller-Fisher syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998;841:659-669.
140. Buchwald B, Toyka KV, Zielasek J, Weishaupt A, Schweiger S, Dudel J: Neuromuscular blockade by IgG antibodies from patients with Guillain- Barrésyndrome: a macro-patch-clamp study. Ann Neurol 1998;44:913-922.
141. Creange A, Belec L, Clair B, Degos JD, Raphael JC, Gherardi RK: Circulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in Guillain-Barrésyndrome: decreased concentrations in the early course and increase with motor function. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:162-165.
142. Gold R, Hartung HP, Lassmann H: T-cell apoptosis in autoimmune diseases: termination of inflammation in the nervous system and other sites with specialized immune-defense mechanisms. Trends Neurosci 1997;20:399-404.
143. Waksman BH, Adams RD: Allergic neuritis: an experimental disease of rabbits induced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue and adjuvants. J Exp Med 1955;102:213-236.
144. Waksman BH, Adams RD: A comparative study of experimental allergic neuritis in the rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1956;15:293-334.
145. Gold R, Hartung HP, Toyka KV: Animal models for autoimmune demyelinating disorders of the nervous system. Mol Med Today 2000;6:88-91.
146. Hahn AF: Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) as a model for the immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1996;152:328-332.
147. Stoll G, Wessig C, Gold R, Bendszus M: Assessment of lesion evolution in experimental autoimmune neuritis by gadofluorine M-enhanced MR neurography. Exp Neurol 2006;197:150-156.
148. Linington C, Lassmann H, Ozawa K, Kosin S, Mongan L: Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin supergene family as tissue-specific autoantigens: induction of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) by P0 protein-specific T cell lines. Eur J Immunol 1992;22:1813-1817.
149. Gabriel CM, Hughes RA, Moore SE, Smith KJ, Walsh FS: Induction of experimental autoimmune neuritis with peripheral myelin protein-22. Brain 1998;121:1895-1902.
150. Weerth S, Berger T, Lassmann H, Linington C: Encephalitogenic and neuritogenic T cell responses to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) in the Lewis rat. J Neuroimmunol 1999;95:157-164.
151. Kieseier BC, Kiefer R, Gold R, Hemmer B, Willison HJ, Hartung HP: Advances in understanding and treatment of immune-mediated disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Muscle Nerve 2004;30:131-156.
152. Bosch EP, Pelham RW, Rasool CG, Chatterjee A, Lash RW, Brown L, Munsat TL, Bradley WG: Animal models of alcoholic neuropathy: morphologic, electrophysiologic, and biochemical findings. Muscle Nerve 1979;2:133-144.
153. Brismar T, Tegner R: Experimental uremic neuropathy. 2. Sodium permeability decrease and inactivation in potential clamped nerve fibers. J Neurol Sci 1984;65:37-45.
154. Dina OA, Barletta J, Chen X, Mutero A, Martin A, Messing RO, Levine JD: Key role for the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C in painful alcoholic neuropathy in the rat. J Neurosci 2000;20:8614-8619.
155. Tegner R, Brismar T: Experimental uremic neuropathy. 1. Decreased nerve conduction velocity in rats. J Neurol Sci 1984;65:29-36.
156. 6) deficiency-induced neuropathy. Ann Plast Surg 2001;47:153-160.
157. Dordain G, Deffond D: Pyridoxine neuropathies: review of the literature. Thérapie 1994;49:333-337.
158. Kark RA, Brown WJ, Edgerton VR, Reynolds SF, Gibson G: Experimental thiamine deficiency: neuropathic and mitochondrial changes induced in rat muscle. Arch Neurol 1975;32:818-825.
159. Simmons Z, Feldman EL: Update on diabetic neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15:595-603.
160. Boyle JP, Honeycutt AA, Narayan KM, Hoerger TJ, Geiss LS, Chen H,
161. Pambianco G, Costacou T, Ellis D, Becker DJ, Klein R, Orchard TJ: The 30-year natural history of type 1 diabetes complications: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study experience. Diabetes 2006;55:1463-1469.
162. Pirart J: Why don't we teach and treat diabetic patients better? Diabetes Care 1978;1:139-140.
163. Perkins BA, Bril V: Diabetic neuropathy: a review emphasizing diagnostic methods. Clin Neurophysiol 2003;114:1167-1175.
164. Karsidag S, Morali S, Sargin M, Salman S, Karsidag K, Us O: The electrophysiological findings of subclinical neuropathy in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67:211-219.
165. Malik RA, Veves A, Walker D, Siddique I, Lye RH, Schady W, Boulton AJ: Sural nerve fibre pathology in diabetic patients with mild neuropathy: relationship to pain, quantitative sensory testing and peripheral nerve electrophysiology. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001;101:367-374.
166. Said G: Neuropathies métaboliques. Paris, Masson, 1995, pp 148-155.
167. Said G, Goulon-Goeau C, Slama G, Tchobroutsky G: Severe early-onset polyneuropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a clinical and pathological study. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1257-1263.
168. Sima AA, Sugimoto KV: Experimental diabetic neuropathy: an update. Diabetologia 1999;42:773-788.
169. Pradat PF: Treatment of peripheral neuropathies with neutrotrophic factors: animal models and clinical trials. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2003;159:147-161.
170. Al Deeb S, Al Moutaery K, Arshaduddin M, Biary N, Tariq M: Attenuation of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000;22:247-253.
171. Apfel SC, Arezzo JC, Brownlee M, Federoff H, Kessler JA: Nerve growth factor administration protects against experimental diabetic sensory neuropathy. Brain Res 1994;634:7-12.
172. Kolta MG, Ngong JM, Rutledge LP, Pierzchala K, Van Loon GR: Endogenous opioid peptide mediation of hypoalgesic response in long-term diabetic rats. Neuropeptides 1996;30:335-344.
173. Walker D, Carrington A, Cannan SA, Sawicki D, Sredy J, Boulton AJ, Malik RA: Structural abnormalities do not explain the early functional abnormalities in the peripheral nerves of the streptozotocin diabetic rat. J Anat 1999;195:419-427.
174. Pop-Busui R, Marinescu V, Van Huysen C, Li F, Sullivan K, Greene DA, Larkin D, Stevens MJ: Dissection of metabolic, vascular, and nerve conduction interrelationships in experimental diabetic neuropathy by cyclooxygenase inhibition and acetyl-L- carnitine administration. Diabetes 2002;51:2619-2628.
175. Lee PG, Hohman TC, Cai F, Regalia J, Helke CJ: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes causes metabolic changes and alterations in neurotrophin content and retrograde transport in the cervical vagus nerve. Exp Neurol 2001;170:149-161.
176. Sayers NM, Beswick LJ, Middlemas A, Calcutt NA, Mizisin AP, Tomlinson DR, Fernyhough P: Neurotrophin-3 prevents the proximal accumulation of neurofilament proteins in sensory neurons of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 2003;52:2372-2380.
177. Qiang X, Satoh J, Sagara M, Fukuzawa M, Masuda T, Sakata Y, Muto G, Muto Y, Takahashi K, Toyota T: Inhibitory effect of troglitazone on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetologia 1998;41:1321-1326.
178. Gerbi A, Maixent JM, Barbey O, Jamme I, Pierlovisi M, Coste T, Pieroni G, Nouvelot A, Vague P, Raccah D: Neuroprotective effect of fish oil in diabetic neuropathy. Lipids 1999;34(suppl):S93-S94.
179. Kato N, Mizuno K, Makino M, Suzuki T, Yagihashi S: Effects of 15-month aldose reductase inhibition with fidarestat on the experimental diabetic neuropathy in rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000;50:77-85.
180. Schmidt RE, Dorsey DA, Beaudet LN, Parvin CA, Zhang W, Sima AA: Experimental rat models of types 1 and 2 diabetes differ in sympathetic neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004;63:450-460.
181. Christianson JA, Riekhof JT, Wright DE: Restorative effects of neurotrophin treatment on diabetes-induced cutaneous axon loss in mice. Exp Neurol 2003;179:188-199.
182. Russell JW, Sullivan KA, Windebank AJ, Herrmann DN, Feldman EL: Neurons undergo apoptosis in animal and cell culture models of diabetes. Neurobiol Dis 1999;6:347-363.
183. Almhanna K, Wilkins PL, Bavis JR, Harwalkar S, Berti-Mattera LN: Hyperglycemia triggers abnormal signaling and proliferative responses in Schwann cells. Neurochem Res 2002;27:1341-1347.
184. Delaney CL, Russell JW, Cheng HL, Feldman EL: Insulin-like growth factor-I and over-expression of Bcl-xL prevent glucose-mediated apoptosis in Schwann cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001;60:147-160.
185. Vincent AM, Brownlee M, Russell JW: Oxidative stress and programmed cell death in diabetic neuropathy. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002;959:368-383.
186. Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW: The regenerative deficit of peripheral nerves in experimental diabetes: its extent, timing and possible mechanisms. Brain 2000;123:2118-2129.
187. Tantuwaya VS, Bailey SB, Schmidt RE, Villadiego A, Tong JX, Rich KM: Peripheral nerve regeneration through silicone chambers in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res 1997;759:58-66.
188. Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW: Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10:144-157.
189. Sima AA: Peripheral neuropathy in the spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar-rat: an ultrastructural study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1980;51:223-227.
190. MacKay P, Boulton A, Rabinovitch A: Lymphoid cells of BB/W diabetic rats are cytotoxic to islet beta cells in vitro. Diabetes 1985;34:706-709.
191. Sima AA, Lattimer SA, Yagihashi S, Greene DA: Axo-glial dysjunction: a novel structural lesion that accounts for poorly reversible slowing of nerve conduction in the spontaneously diabetic bio-breeding rat. J Clin Invest 1986;77:474-484.
192. Sima AA, Prashar A, Zhang WX, Chakrabarti S, Greene DA: Preventive effect of longterm aldose reductase inhibition (ponalrestat) on nerve conduction and sural nerve structure in the spontaneously diabetic Bio-Breeding rat. J Clin Invest 1990;85:1410-1420.
193. Sima AA, Zhang W, Xu G, Sugimoto K, Guberski D, Yorek MA: A comparison of diabetic polyneuropathy in type II diabetic BBZDR/Wor rats and in type I diabetic BB/ Wor rats. Diabetologia 2000;43:786-793.
194. Kamiya H, Murakawa Y, Zhang W, Sima AA: Unmyelinated fiber sensory neuropathy differs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005;21:448-458.
195. Pierson CR, Zhang W, Murakawa Y, Sima AA: Early gene responses of trophic factors in nerve regeneration differ in experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetic polyneuropathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002;61:857-871.
196. Hanker JS, Ambrose WW, Yates PE, Koch GG, Carson KA: Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus. I. Comparison of neurologic, histologic, and morphometric parameters with dystonic mice. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1980;51:145-153.
197. Norido F, Canella R, Zanoni R, Gorio A: Development of diabetic neuropathy in the C57BL/Ks (db/db) mouse and its treatment with gangliosides. Exp Neurol 1984;83:221-232.
198. Carson KA, Bossen EH, Hanker JS: Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus. II. Ultrastructural correlates of degenerative and regenerative changes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1980;6:361-374.
199. Robertson DM, Sima AA: Diabetic neuropathy in the mutant mouse [C57BL/ks(db/ db)]: a morphometric study. Diabetes 1980;29:60-67.
200. Vitadello M, Filliatreau G, Dupont JL, Hassig R, Gorio A, Di Giamberardino L: Altered axonal transport of cytoskeletal proteins in the mutant diabetic mouse. J Neurochem 1985;45:860-868.
201. Bianchi R, Boccasavia E, Vittadello M, Schiavinato A, Gorio A: Sciatic nerve ATPase activity is unaffected in diabetic mutant C57Bl/Ks (db/db) mice. Diabetes 1987;36:1082-1085.
202. Stoll G, Jander S, Myers RR: Degeneration and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system: from Augustus Waller's observations to neuroinflammation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2002;7:13-27.
203. Lyon MF, Ogunkolade BW, Brown MC, Atherton DJ, Perry VH: A gene affecting Wallerian nerve degeneration maps distally on mouse chromosome 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:9717-9720.
204. Finn JT, Weil M, Archer F, Siman R, Srinivasan A, Raff MC: Evidence that wallerian degeneration and localized axon degeneration induced by local neurotrophin deprivation do not involve caspases. J Neurosci 2000;20:1333-1341.
205. Raff MC, Whitmore AV, Finn JT: Axonal self-destruction and neurodegeneration. Science 2002;296:868-871.
206. Wang LX, Wang ZJ: Animal and cellular models of chronic pain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003;55:949-965.
207. Decosterd I, Allchorne A, Woolf CJ: Progressive tactile hypersensitivity after a peripheral nerve crush: non-noxious mechanical stimulus-induced neuropathic pain. Pain 2002;100:155-162.
208. Attal N, Filliatreau G, Perrot S, Jazat F, Di Giamberardino L, Guilbaud G: Behavioural pain-related disorders and contribution of the saphenous nerve in crush and chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve. Pain 1994;59:301-312.
209. Varejao AS, Cabrita AM, Meek MF, Bulas-Cruz J, Filipe VM, Gabriel RC, Ferreira AJ, Geuna S, Winter DA: Ankle kinematics to evaluate functional recovery in crushed rat sciatic nerve. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:706-714.
210. Beirowski B, Adalbert R, Wagner D, Grumme DS, Addicks K, Ribchester RR, Coleman MP: The progressive nature of Wallerian degeneration in wild-type and slow Wallerian degeneration (WldS) nerves. BMC Neurosci 2005;6:6.
211. Pan YA, Misgeld T, Lichtman JW, Sanes JR: Effects of neurotoxic and neuroprotective agents on peripheral nerve regeneration assayed by time-lapse imaging in vivo. J Neurosci 2003;23:11479-11488.
212. Choi RC, Man ML, Ling KK, Ip NY, Simon J, Barnard EA, Tsim KW: Expression of the P2Y1 nucleotide receptor in chick muscle: its functional role in the regulation of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor. J Neurosci 2001;21:9224-9234.
213. Wang S, Kawabuchi M, Zhou CJ, Hirata K, Tan H, Kuraoka A: The spatiotemporal characterization of endplate reoccupation, with special reference to the superposition patterns of the presynaptic elements and the postsynaptic receptor regions during muscle reinnervation. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2004;9:144-157.
214. Azzouz M, Kenel PF, Warter JM, Poindron P, Borg J: Enhancement of mouse sciatic nerve regeneration by the long chain fatty alcohol, N-hexacosanol. Exp Neurol 1996;138:189-197.
215. Wolthers M, Moldovan M, Binderup T, Schmalbruch H, Krarup C: Comparative electrophysiological, functional, and histological studies of nerve lesions in rats. Microsurgery 2005;25:508-519.
216. Lawson SJ, Lowrie MB: The role of apoptosis and excitotoxicity in the death of spinal motoneurons and interneurons after neonatal nerve injury. Neuroscience 1998;87:337-348.
217. Lowrie MB, Lavalette D, Davies CE: Time course of motoneurone death after neonatal sciatic nerve crush in the rat. Dev Neurosci 1994;16:279-284.
218. Lowrie MB, Lawson SJ: Cell death of spinal interneurones. Prog Neurobiol 2000;61:543-555.
219. Groves MJ, Schanzer A, Simpson AJ, An SF, Kuo LT, Scaravilli F: Profile of adult rat sensory neuron loss, apoptosis and replacement after sciatic nerve crush. J Neurocytol 2003;32:113-122.
220. Sorensen B, Tandrup T, Koltzenburg M, Jakobsen J: No further loss of dorsal root ganglion cells after axotomy in p75 neurotrophin receptor knockout mice. J Comp Neurol 2003;459:242-250.
221. Stoll G, Muller HW: Nerve injury, axonal degeneration and neural regeneration: basic insights. Brain Pathol 1999;9:313-325.
222. 1 requirements of proliferating Schwann cells during development and after injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001;18:581-592.
223. 1. Neuron 2000;26:405-416.
224. Atanasoski S, Notterpek L, Lee HY, Castagner F, Young P, Ehrengruber MU, Meijer D, Sommer L, Stavnezer E, Colmenares C, Suter U: The protooncogene Ski controls Schwann cell proliferation and myelination. Neuron 2004;43:499-511.
225. Ferri CC, Bisby MA: Improved survival of injured sciatic nerve Schwann cells in mice lacking the p75 receptor. Neurosci Lett 1999;272:191-194.
226. Hirata H, Hibasami H, Yoshida T, Ogawa M, Matsumoto M, Morita A, Uchida A: Nerve growth factor signaling of p75 induces differentiation and ceramide-mediated apoptosis in Schwann cells cultured from degenerating nerves. Glia 2001;36:245-258.
227. Kauppila T, Xu XJ: Sciatic nerve section induces mechanical hyperalgesia in skin adjacent to the deafferented region in rats: lack of correlation with autotomy behavior. Neurosci Lett 1996;211:65-67.
228. Shi TJ, Li J, Dahlstrom A, Theodorsson E, Ceccatelli S, Decosterd I, Pedrazzini T, Hokfelt T: Deletion of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor affects pain sensitivity, neuropeptide transport and expression, and dorsal root ganglion neuron numbers. Neuroscience 2006;140:293-304.
229. Shi TJ, Tandrup T, Bergman E, Xu ZQ, Ulfhake B, Hokfelt T: Effect of peripheral nerve injury on dorsal root ganglion neurons in the C57 BL/6J mouse: marked changes both in cell numbers and neuropeptide expression. Neuroscience 2001;105:249-263.
230. Xiao HS, Huang QH, Zhang FX, Bao L, Lu YJ, Guo C, Yang L, Huang WJ, Fu G, Xu SH, Cheng XP, Yan Q, Zhu ZD, Zhang X, Chen Z, Han ZG, Zhang X: Identification of gene expression profile of dorsal root ganglion in the rat peripheral axotomy model of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:8360-8365.
231. Zhang X, Bao L, Shi TJ, Ju G, Elde R, Hokfelt T: Down-regulation of mu-opioid receptors in rat and monkey dorsal root ganglion neurons and spinal cord after peripheral axotomy. Neuroscience 1998;82:223-240.
232. Li L, Houenou LJ, Wu W, Lei M, Prevette DM, Oppenheim RW: Characterization of spinal motoneuron degeneration following different types of peripheral nerve injury in neonatal and adult mice. J Comp Neurol 1998;396:158-168.
233. 5 dorsal root ganglion. J Neurocytol 2001;30:125-130.
234. McKay Hart A, Brannstrom T, Wiberg M, Terenghi G: Primary sensory neurons and satellite cells after peripheral axotomy in the adult rat: timecourse of cell death and elimination. Exp Brain Res 2002;142:308-318.
235. Whiteside G, Doyle CA, Hunt SP, Munglani R: Differential time course of neuronal and glial apoptosis in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve axotomy. Eur J Neurosci 1998;10:3400-3408.
236. Coleman M: Axon degeneration mechanisms: commonality amid diversity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005;6:889-898.
237. Atanasoski S, Boller D, De Ventura L, Koegel H, Boentert M, Young P, Werner S, Suter U: Cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p16 are required for the regulation of Schwann cell proliferation. Glia 2006;53:147-157.
238. Petratos S, Butzkueven H, Shipham K, Cooper H, Bucci T, Reid K, Lopes E, Emery B, Cheema SS, Kilpatrick TJ: Schwann cell apoptosis in the postnatal axotomized sciatic nerve is mediated via NGF through the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003;62:398-411.
239. Syroid DE, Maycox PJ, Soilu-Hanninen M, Petratos S, Bucci T, Burrola P, Murray S, Cheema S, Lee KF, Lemke G, Kilpatrick TJ: Induction of postnatal Schwann cell death by the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor in vitro and after axotomy. J Neurosci 2000;20:5741-5747.
240. Campbell JN, Meyer RA: Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron 2006;52:77-92.
241. Hogan Q: Animal pain models. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002;27:385-401.
242. Kim SH, Chung JM: An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat. Pain 1992;50:355-363.
243. Apfel SC, Lipton RB, Arezzo JC, Kessler JA: Nerve growth factor prevents toxic neuropathy in mice. Ann Neurol 1991;29:87-90.
244. Boyle FM, Beatson C, Monk R, Grant SL, Kurek JB: The experimental neuroprotectant leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) does not compromise antitumour activity of paclitaxel, cisplatin and carboplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001;48:429-434.
245. Authier N, Gillet JP, Fialip J, Eschalier A, Coudore F: A new animal model of vincristine-induced nociceptive peripheral neuropathy. Neurotoxicology 2003;24:797-805.
246. Russell JW, Gill JS, Sorenson EJ, Schultz DA, Windebank AJ: Suramin-induced neuropathy in an animal model. J Neurol Sci 2001;192:71-80.
247. Cata JP, Weng HR, Lee BN, Reuben JM, Dougherty PM: Clinical and experimental findings in humans and animals with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Minerva Anestesiol 2006;72:151-169.
248. Quasthoff S, Hartung HP: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol 2002;249:9-17.
249. Screnci D, McKeage MJ: Platinum neurotoxicity: clinical profiles, experimental models and neuroprotective approaches. J Inorg Biochem 1999;77:105-110.
250. Krarup-Hansen A, Fugleholm K, Helweg-Larsen S, Hauge EN, Schmalbruch H, Trojaborg W, Krarup C: Examination of distal involvement in cisplatin-induced neuropathy in man: an electrophysiological and histological study with particular reference to touch receptor function. Brain 1993;116:1017-1041.
251. Ozturk G, Erdogan E, Anlar O, Kosem M, Taspinar M: Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor in experimental cisplatin neuropathy in mice. Cytokine 2005;29:31-41.
252. Tredici G, Braga M, Nicolini G, Miloso M, Marmiroli P, Schenone A, Nobbio L, Frattola L, Cavaletti G: Effect of recombinant human nerve growth factor on cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats. Exp Neurol 1999;159:551-558.
253. ter Laak MP, Hamers FP, Kirk CJ, Gispen WH: rhGGF2 protects against cisplatin-induced neuropathy in the rat. J Neurosci Res 2000;60:237-244.
254. Gao WQ, Dybdal N, Shinsky N, Murnane A, Schmelzer C, Siegel M, Keller G, Hefti F, Phillips HS, Winslow JW: Neurotrophin-3 reverses experimental cisplatin-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1995;38:30-37.
255. Fischer SJ, McDonald ES, Gross L, Windebank AJ: Alterations in cell cycle regulation underlie cisplatin induced apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2001;8:1027-1035.
256. Gill JS, Windebank AJ: Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with attempted entry into the cell cycle. J Clin Invest 1998;101:2842-2850.
257. McDonald ES, Randon KR, Knight A, Windebank AJ: Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:305-313.
258. Ta LE, Espeset L, Podratz J, Windebank AJ: Neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin and cisplatin for dorsal root ganglion neurons correlates with platinum-DNA binding. Neurotoxicology 2006;27:992-1002.
259. McDonald ES, Windebank AJ: Cisplatini-nduced apoptosis of DRG neurons involves bax redistribution and cytochrome c release but not fas receptor signaling. Neurobiol Dis 2002;9:220-233.
260. Scott RH, Woods AJ, Lacey MJ, Fernando D, Crawford JH, Andrews PL: An electrophysiological investigation of the effects of cisplatin and the protective actions of dexamethasone on cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones from neonatal rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1995;352:247-255.
261. Russell JW, Windebank AJ, McNiven MA, Brat DJ, Brimijoin WS: Effect of cisplatin and ACTH4-9 on neural transport in cisplatin induced neurotoxicity. Brain Res 1995;676:258-267.
262. Aho TR, Wallace RC, Pitt AM, Sivakumar K: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: extensive cranial nerve involvement on CT and MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:494-497.
263. Cellerini M, Salti S, Desideri V, Marconi G: MR imaging of the cauda equina in hereditary motor sensory neuropathies: correlations with sural nerve biopsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1793-1798.
264. Ellegala DB, Monteith SJ, Haynor D, Bird TD, Goodkin R, Kliot M: Characterization of genetically defined types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies by using magnetic resonance neurography. J Neurosurg 2005;102:242-245.
265. Bradley LJ, Wilhelm T, King RH, Ginsberg L, Orrell RW: Brachial plexus hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2006;16:126-131.
266. Eurelings M, Notermans NC, Franssen H, Van Es HW, Ramos LM, Wokke JH, van den Berg LH: MRI of the brachial plexus in polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Muscle Nerve 2001;24:1312-1318.
267. Van Es HW, Van den Berg LH, Franssen H, Witkamp TD, Ramos LM, Notermans NC, Feldberg MA, Wokke JH: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy. Neurology 1997;48:1218-1224.
268. Martinoli C, Derchi LE, Bertolotto M, Gandolfo N, Bianchi S, Fiallo P, Nunzi E: US and MR imaging of peripheral nerves in leprosy. Skeletal Radiol 2000;29:142-150.
269. Coskun A, Kumandas S, Pac A, Karahan OI, Gulec M, Baykara M: Childhood Guillain-Barrésyndrome: MR imaging in diagnosis and follow-up. Acta Radiol 2003;44:230-235.
270. Matsuki M, Okada N, Matsuo M: Case report: MR findings of Guillain-Barrésyndrome. Radiat Med 1998;16:133-135.
271. Boska MD, Mosley RL, Nawab M, Nelson JA, Zelivyanskaya M, Poluektova L, Uberti M, Dou H, Lewis TB, Gendelman HE: Advances in neuroimaging for HIV-1 associated neurological dysfunction: clues to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutic monitoring. Curr HIV Res 2004;2:61-78.
272. Beltran J, Rosenberg ZS: Diagnosis of compressive and entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity: value of MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;163:525-531.
273. Dailey AT, Tsuruda JS, Filler AG, Maravilla KR, Goodkin R, Kliot M: Magnetic resonance neurography of peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. Lancet 1997;350:1221-1222.
274. Fritz RC, Boutin RD: Magnetic resonance imaging of the peripheral nervous system. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 2001;12:399-432.
275. Mesgarzadeh M, Triolo J, Schneck CD: Carpal tunnel syndrome: MR imaging diagnosis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am 1995;3:249-264.
276. Fleckenstein JL, Watumull D, Conner KE, Ezaki M, Greenlee RG Jr, Bryan WW, Chason DP, Parkey RW, Peshock RM, Purdy PD: Denervated human skeletal muscle: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 1993;187:213-218.
277. Uetani M, Hayashi K, Matsunaga N, Imamura K, Ito N: Denervated skeletal muscle: MR imaging. Work in progress. Radiology 1993;189:511-515.
278. Titelbaum DS, Frazier JL, Grossman RI, Joseph PM, Yu LT, Kassab EA, Hickey WF, LaRossa D, Brown MJ: Wallerian degeneration and inflammation in rat peripheral nerve detected by in vivo MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:741-746.
279. Bendszus M, Stoll G: Caught in the act: in vivo mapping of macrophage infiltration in nerve injury by magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 2003;23:10892-10896.
280. Bendszus M, Stoll G: Technology insight: visualizing peripheral nerve injury using MRI. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2005;1:45-53.
281. Wessig C, Bendszus M, Stoll G: In vivo visualization of focal demyelination in peripheral nerves by gadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Neurol 2007;204:14-19.
282. Feng G, Mellor RH, Bernstein M, Keller-Peck C, Nguyen QT, Wallace M, Nerbonne JM, Lichtman JW, Sanes JR: Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP. Neuron 2000;28:41-51.
283. Beirowski B, Berek L, Adalbert R, Wagner D, Grumme DS, Addicks K, Ribchester RR, Coleman MP: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Wallerian degeneration using restricted axonal labelling in YFP-H mice. J Neurosci Methods 2004;134:23-35.
284. Gillingwater TH, Thomson D, Mack TG, Soffin EM, Mattison RJ, Coleman MP, Ribchester RR: Age-dependent synapse withdrawal at axotomised neuromuscular junctions in Wld(s) mutant and Ube4b/ Nmnat transgenic mice. J Physiol 2002;543:739-755.
285. 1 expression in an animal model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. J Neurosci Res 2002;67:443-449.
286. 1 promoter through distinguishable regions. J Biol Chem 1995;270:23589-23597.
287. Malstrom SE, Jekic-McMullen D, Sambucetti L, Ang A, Reeves R, Purchio AF, Contag PR, West DB: In vivo bioluminescent monitoring of chemical toxicity using heme oxygenase-luciferase transgenic mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004;200:219-228.
288. Zhang W, Contag PR, Madan A, Stevenson DK, Contag CH: Bioluminescence for biological sensing in living mammals. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999;471:775-784.
289. Zhang W, Feng JQ, Harris SE, Contag PR, Stevenson DK, Contag CH: Rapid in vivo functional analysis of transgenes in mice using whole body imaging of luciferase expression. Transgenic Res 2001;10:423-434.
290. Arrieta O, Garcia-Navarrete R, Zuniga S, Ordonez G, Ortiz A, Palencia G, Morales-Espinosa D, Hernandez-Pedro N, Sotelo J: Retinoic acid increases tissue and plasma contents of nerve growth factor and prevents neuropathy in diabetic mice. Eur J Clin Invest 2005;35:201-207.
291. Pereon Y, Nguyen The Tich S, Guiheneuc P: Peripheral neuropathy: a picture is worth a thousand words. Neurophysiol Clin 2003;33:31-32.
292. Norreel JC, Jamon M, Riviere G, Passage E, Fontes M, Clarac F: Behavioural profiling of a murine Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A model. Eur J Neurosci 2001;13: 1625-1634.
293. Passage E, Norreel JC, Noack-Fraissignes P, Sanguedolce V, Pizant J, Thirion X, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Pellissier JF, Fontes M: Ascorbic acid treatment corrects the phenotype of a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Nat Med 2004;10:396-401.
294. Samsam M, Frei R, Marziniak M, Martini R, Sommer C: Impaired sensory function in heterozygous P0 knockout mice is associated with nodal changes in sensory nerves. J Neurosci Res 2002;67:167-173.
295. Bolino A, Bolis A, Previtali SC, Dina G, Bussini S, Dati G, Amadio S, Del Carro U, Mruk DD, Feltri ML, Cheng CY, Quattrini A, Wrabetz L: Disruption of Mtmr2 produces CMT4B1-like neuropathy with myelin outfolding and impaired spermatogenesis. J Cell Biol 2004;167:711-721.
296. Bonneick S, Boentert M, Berger P, Atanasoski S, Mantei N, Wessig C, Toyka KV, Young P, Suter U: An animal model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B1. Hum Mol Genet 2005;14:3685-3695.
297. Bechtold DA, Yue X, Evans RM, Davies M, Gregson NA, Smith KJ: Axonal protection in experimental autoimmune neuritis by the sodium channel blocking agent flecainide. Brain 2005;128:18-28.
298. Gaupp S, Hartung HP, Toyka K, Jung S: Modulation of experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats by oral application of myelin antigens. J Neuroimmunol 1997;79:129-137.
299. Jung S, Gaupp S, Korn T, Kollner G, Hartung HP, Toyka KV: Biphasic form of experimental autoimmune neuritis in dark Agouti rats and its oral therapy by antigen-specific tolerization. J Neurosci Res 2004;75:524-535.
300. Korn T, Toyka K, Hartung HP, Jung S: Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by leflunomide. Brain 2001;124:1791-1802.
301. Zhu Y, Bao L, Zhu S, Chen Z, van der Meide P, Nennesmo I, Winblad B, Ljunggren HG, Zhu J: CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not B cells, are critical to the control of murine experimental autoimmune neuritis. Exp Neurol 2002;177:314-320.
302. Li F, Obrosova IG, Abatan O, Tian D, Larkin D, Stuenkel EL, Stevens MJ: Taurine replacement attenuates hyperalgesia and abnormal calcium signaling in sensory neurons of STZ-D rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;288:E29-E36.
303. Tam J, Rosenberg L, Maysinger D: INGAP peptide improves nerve function and enhances regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Faseb J 2004;18:1767-1769.
304. Bennett GJ, Xie YK: A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988;33:87-107.
305. Kim KJ, Yoon YW, Chung JM: Comparison of three rodent neuropathic pain models. Exp Brain Res 1997;113:200-206.
306. Christensen D, Idanpaan-Heikkila JJ, Guilbaud G, Kayser V: The antinociceptive effect of combined systemic administration of morphine and the glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, (+)-HA966 in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy. Br J Pharmacol 1998;125:1641-1650.
307. Malmberg AB, Gilbert H, McCabe RT, Basbaum AI: Powerful antinociceptive effects of the cone snail venom-derived subtypeselective NMDA receptor antagonists conantokins G and T. Pain 2003;101:109-116.
308. Seltzer Z, Dubner R, Shir Y: A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury. Pain 1990;43:205-218.
309. Erichsen HK, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Blackburn-Munro G: Comparative actions of the opioid analgesics morphine, methadone and codeine in rat models of peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Pain 2005;116:347-358.
310. Medvedev IO, Malyshkin AA, Belozertseva IV, Sukhotina IA, Sevostianova NY, Aliev K, Zvartau EE, Parsons CG, Danysz W, Bespalov AY: Effects of low-affinity NMDA receptor channel blockers in two rat models of chronic pain. Neuropharmacology 2004;47:175-183.
311. Verdu E, Vilches JJ, Rodriguez FJ, Ceballos D, Valero A, Navarro X: Physiological and immunohistochemical characterization of cisplatin-induced neuropathy in mice. Muscle Nerve 1999;22:329-340.
312. Kobsar I, Hasenpusch-Theil K, Wessig C, Muller HW, Martini R: Evidence for macrophage-mediated myelin disruption in an animal model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1A. J Neurosci Res 2005;81:857-864.
313. Biro K, Jednakovits A, Kukorelli T, Hegedus E, Koranyi L: Bimoclomol (BRLP-42) ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res Bull 1997;44:259-263.
314. Yagihashi S, Yamagishi SI, Wada Ri R, Baba M, Hohman TC, Yabe-Nishimura C, Kokai Y: Neuropathy in diabetic mice overexpressing human aldose reductase and effects of aldose reductase inhibitor. Brain 2001;124:2448-2458.
315. Bardos G, Moricz K, Jaszlits L, Rabloczky G, Tory K, Racz I, Bernath S, Sumegi B, Farkas B, Literati-Nagy B, Literati-Nagy P: BGP-15, a hydroximic acid derivative, protects against cisplatin- or taxol-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;190:9-16.
316. Sima AA, Brown MB, Prashar A, Chakrabarti S, Laudadio C, Greene DA: The reproducibility and sensitivity of sural nerve morphometry in the assessment of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. Diabetologia 1992;35:560-569.
317. Ayers MM, Anderson R: Development of onion bulb neuropathy in the Trembler mouse. Comparison with normal nerve maturation. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1975;32:43-59.
318. Low PA: Hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy in the trembler mouse. 2. Histopathological studies: electron microscopy. J Neurol Sci 1976;30:343-368.
319. Low PA: Hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy in the trembler mouse. 1. Histopathological studies: light microscopy. J Neurol Sci 1976;30:327-341.
320. +-ATPase acidity in peripheral nerve in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;30:153-162.
321. Scott JN, Clark AW, Zochodne DW: Neurofilament and tubulin gene expression in progressive experimental diabetes: failure of synthesis and export by sensory neurons. Brain 1999;122:2109-2118.
322. Medori R, Autilio-Gambetti L, Jenich H, Gambetti P: Changes in axon size and slow axonal transport are related in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1988;38:597-601.