메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 128, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 18-28

Axonal protection in experimental autoimmune neuritis by the sodium channel blocking agent flecainide

Author keywords

Axonal degeneration; EAN; GBS; Guillain Barr syndrome; Neuroinflammation

Indexed keywords

FLECAINIDE ACETATE; NITRIC OXIDE; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 11244260444     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh328     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (80)
  • 2
    • 11244299854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium-mediated axonal degeneration in inflammatory demyelinating disease
    • In press
    • Bechtold DA, Smith KJ. Sodium-mediated axonal degeneration in inflammatory demyelinating disease. J Neurol Sci. In press 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurol Sci
    • Bechtold, D.A.1    Smith, K.J.2
  • 3
    • 2142760098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Bechtold DA, Kapoor R, Smith KJ. Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 607-16.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 607-616
    • Bechtold, D.A.1    Kapoor, R.2    Smith, K.J.3
  • 5
    • 0030954794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lidocaine on cytosolic pH regulation and stimulus-induced effector functions in alveolar macrophages
    • Bidani A, Heming TA. Effects of lidocaine on cytosolic pH regulation and stimulus-induced effector functions in alveolar macrophages. Lung 1997; 175: 349-61.
    • (1997) Lung , vol.175 , pp. 349-361
    • Bidani, A.1    Heming, T.A.2
  • 6
    • 0038233014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: Mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases
    • Bolanos JP, Almeida A, Stewart V, Peuchen S, Land JM, Clark JB, et al. Nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial damage in the brain: mechanisms and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 1997; 68: 2227-40.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.68 , pp. 2227-2240
    • Bolanos, J.P.1    Almeida, A.2    Stewart, V.3    Peuchen, S.4    Land, J.M.5    Clark, J.B.6
  • 7
    • 0017317639 scopus 로고
    • Continuous conduction in demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres
    • Bostock H, Sears TA. Continuous conduction in demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres. Nature 1976; 263: 786-77.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.263 , pp. 786-777
    • Bostock, H.1    Sears, T.A.2
  • 8
    • 0031037308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latent addition in motor and sensory fibres of human peripheral nerve
    • Bostock H, Rothwell JC. Latent addition in motor and sensory fibres of human peripheral nerve. J Physiol 1997; 498: 277-94.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.498 , pp. 277-294
    • Bostock, H.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 10
    • 0036889794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and its role in cell death
    • Brown GC, Borutaite V. Nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and its role in cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33: 1440-50.
    • (2002) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.33 , pp. 1440-1450
    • Brown, G.C.1    Borutaite, V.2
  • 11
    • 0027441790 scopus 로고
    • Amiloride-sensitive sodium conductance in human B lymphoid cells
    • Bubien JK, Warnock DG. Amiloride-sensitive sodium conductance in human B lymphoid cells. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: C1175-83.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265
    • Bubien, J.K.1    Warnock, D.G.2
  • 13
    • 0023159079 scopus 로고
    • Sodium currents in axon-associated Schwann cells from adult rabbits
    • Chiu SY. Sodium currents in axon-associated Schwann cells from adult rabbits. J Physiol 1987; 386: 181-203.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.386 , pp. 181-203
    • Chiu, S.Y.1
  • 16
    • 0028233197 scopus 로고
    • Effective use of a neurotrophic ACTH4-9 analogue in the treatment of a peripheral demyelinating syndrome (experimental allergic neuritis). An intervention study
    • Duckers HJ, Verhaagen J, de Bruijn E, Gispen WH. Effective use of a neurotrophic ACTH4-9 analogue in the treatment of a peripheral demyelinating syndrome (experimental allergic neuritis). An intervention study. Brain 1994; 117: 365-74.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 365-374
    • Duckers, H.J.1    Verhaagen, J.2    De Bruijn, E.3    Gispen, W.H.4
  • 18
    • 0025782767 scopus 로고
    • Increased numbers of sodium channels form along demyelinated axons
    • England JD, Gamboni F, Levinson SR. Increased numbers of sodium channels form along demyelinated axons, Brain Res 1991; 548: 334-7.
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.548 , pp. 334-337
    • England, J.D.1    Gamboni, F.2    Levinson, S.R.3
  • 19
    • 0034840729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-selective neuronal changes in the anterior optic pathways suggest a differential susceptibility to injury in multiple sclerosis
    • Evangelou N, Konz D, Esiri MM, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. Size-selective neuronal changes in the anterior optic pathways suggest a differential susceptibility to injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 1813-20.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 1813-1820
    • Evangelou, N.1    Konz, D.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Smith, S.4    Palace, J.5    Matthews, P.M.6
  • 21
    • 0027156710 scopus 로고
    • Severe axonal degeneration in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome: Evidence of two different mechanisms?
    • Feasby TE, Hahn AF, Brown WF, Bolton CF, Gilbert JJ, Koopman WJ. Severe axonal degeneration in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome: evidence of two different mechanisms? J Neurol Sci 1993; 116: 185-92.
    • (1993) J Neurol Sci , vol.116 , pp. 185-192
    • Feasby, T.E.1    Hahn, A.F.2    Brown, W.F.3    Bolton, C.F.4    Gilbert, J.J.5    Koopman, W.J.6
  • 22
    • 0027874438 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological protection of CNS white matter during anoxia: Actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine and diazepam
    • Fern R, Ransom BR, Stys PK, Waxman SG. Pharmacological protection of CNS white matter during anoxia: actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine and diazepam. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266: 1549-55.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.266 , pp. 1549-1555
    • Fern, R.1    Ransom, B.R.2    Stys, P.K.3    Waxman, S.G.4
  • 23
    • 0019160539 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of the axon membrane in demyelinated peripheral nerve fibres: Morphological evidence
    • Foster RE, Whalen CC, Waxman SG. Reorganization of the axon membrane in demyelinated peripheral nerve fibres: morphological evidence. Science 1980; 210: 661-3.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 661-663
    • Foster, R.E.1    Whalen, C.C.2    Waxman, S.G.3
  • 24
    • 0025884390 scopus 로고
    • Ion channels in leukocytes
    • Gallin EK. Ion channels in leukocytes. Physiol Rev 1991; 71: 775-811.
    • (1991) Physiol Rev , vol.71 , pp. 775-811
    • Gallin, E.K.1
  • 25
    • 0033372792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study
    • Ganter P, Prince C, Esiri MM. Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1999; 25: 459-67.
    • (1999) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.25 , pp. 459-467
    • Ganter, P.1    Prince, C.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 27
    • 0030065669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome
    • Griffin JW, Li CY, Ho TW, Tian M, Gao CY, Xue P, et al. Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 17-28.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 17-28
    • Griffin, J.W.1    Li, C.Y.2    Ho, T.W.3    Tian, M.4    Gao, C.Y.5    Xue, P.6
  • 29
    • 0029681414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) as a model for the immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies
    • Hahn AF. Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) as a model for the immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1996; 152: 328-32.
    • (1996) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.152 , pp. 328-332
    • Hahn, A.F.1
  • 30
    • 0032558184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guillain-Barre syndrome
    • Hahn AF. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet 1998; 352: 635-41.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 635-641
    • Hahn, A.F.1
  • 31
    • 0023761174 scopus 로고
    • Demyelination and axonal degeneration in Lewis rat experimental allergic neuritis depend on the myclin dosage
    • Hahn AF, Feasby TE, Steele A, Lovgren DS, Berry J. Demyelination and axonal degeneration in Lewis rat experimental allergic neuritis depend on the myclin dosage. Lab Invest 1988; 59: 115-25.
    • (1988) Lab Invest , vol.59 , pp. 115-125
    • Hahn, A.F.1    Feasby, T.E.2    Steele, A.3    Lovgren, D.S.4    Berry, J.5
  • 32
    • 0033569435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide increases persistent sodium current in rat hippocampal neurons
    • Hammarstrom AK, Gage PW. Nitric oxide increases persistent sodium current in rat hippocampal neurons. J Physiol 1999; 520: 451-61.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.520 , pp. 451-461
    • Hammarstrom, A.K.1    Gage, P.W.2
  • 33
    • 0025286320 scopus 로고
    • T-cell and macrophage activation in experimental autoimmune neuritis and Guillain-Barre syndrome
    • Hartung HP, Toyka KV. T-cell and macrophage activation in experimental autoimmune neuritis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1990; 27 Suppl: S57-63.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hartung, H.P.1    Toyka, K.V.2
  • 34
    • 0035917797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use-dependent sodium channel blocker mexiletine is neuroprotective against global ischemic injury
    • Hewitt KE, Stys PK, Lesiuk HJ. The use-dependent sodium channel blocker mexiletine is neuroprotective against global ischemic injury. Brain Res 2001; 898: 281-7.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.898 , pp. 281-287
    • Hewitt, K.E.1    Stys, P.K.2    Lesiuk, H.J.3
  • 36
    • 0032210977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltage-dependent membrane currents of cultured human neurofibromatosis type 2 Schwann cells
    • Kamleiter M, Hanemann CO, Kluwe L, Rosenbaum C, Wosch S, Mautner VF, et al. Voltage-dependent membrane currents of cultured human neurofibromatosis type 2 Schwann cells. Glia 1998; 24: 313-22.
    • (1998) Glia , vol.24 , pp. 313-322
    • Kamleiter, M.1    Hanemann, C.O.2    Kluwe, L.3    Rosenbaum, C.4    Wosch, S.5    Mautner, V.F.6
  • 37
    • 0030987951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow sodium-dependent potential oscillations contribute to ectopic firing in mammalian demyelinated axons
    • Kapoor R, Li YG, Smith KJ. Slow sodium-dependent potential oscillations contribute to ectopic firing in mammalian demyelinated axons. Brain 1997; 120: 647-52.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 647-652
    • Kapoor, R.1    Li, Y.G.2    Smith, K.J.3
  • 38
    • 0037309442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration
    • Kapoor R, Davies M, Blaker PA, Hall SM, Smith KJ. Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 174-80.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 174-180
    • Kapoor, R.1    Davies, M.2    Blaker, P.A.3    Hall, S.M.4    Smith, K.J.5
  • 39
    • 0032589093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT3 receptor-channels coupled with Na + influx in human T cells: Role in T cell activation
    • Khan NA, Poisson JP. 5-HT3 receptor-channels coupled with Na + influx in human T cells: role in T cell activation. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 99: 53-60.
    • (1999) J Neuroimmunol , vol.99 , pp. 53-60
    • Khan, N.A.1    Poisson, J.P.2
  • 40
    • 0025675718 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-gated potassium currents in myelinating Schwann cells in the mouse
    • Konishi T. Voltage-gated potassium currents in myelinating Schwann cells in the mouse. J Physiol 1990; 431: 123-39.
    • (1990) J Physiol , vol.431 , pp. 123-139
    • Konishi, T.1
  • 42
    • 0036093946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of constitutive endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the sciatic nerve of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis
    • Lee Y, Shin T. Expression of constitutive endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the sciatic nerve of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 126: 78-85.
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.126 , pp. 78-85
    • Lee, Y.1    Shin, T.2
  • 43
    • 0029144192 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of injury-induced calcium entry into peripheral nerve myelinated axons: In vitro anoxia and ouabain exposure
    • Lehning EJ, Doshi R, Stys PK, LoPachin RM. Mechanisms of injury-induced calcium entry into peripheral nerve myelinated axons: in vitro anoxia and ouabain exposure. Brain Res 1995; 694: 158-66.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.694 , pp. 158-166
    • Lehning, E.J.1    Doshi, R.2    Stys, P.K.3    LoPachin, R.M.4
  • 45
    • 0037191415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection of axons with phenytoin in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Lo AC, Black JA, Waxman SG. Neuroprotection of axons with phenytoin in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neuroreport 2002; 13: 1909-1912.
    • (2002) Neuroreport , vol.13 , pp. 1909-1912
    • Lo, A.C.1    Black, J.A.2    Waxman, S.G.3
  • 46
    • 0242508548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenytoin protects spinal cord axons and preserves axonal conduction and neurological function in a model of neuroinflammation in vivo
    • Lo AC, Saab CY, Black JA, Waxman SG. Phenytoin protects spinal cord axons and preserves axonal conduction and neurological function in a model of neuroinflammation in vivo. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90: 3566-71.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 3566-3571
    • Lo, A.C.1    Saab, C.Y.2    Black, J.A.3    Waxman, S.G.4
  • 47
    • 0025191894 scopus 로고
    • Effects of axotomy on distribution and concentration of elements in rat sciatic nerve
    • LoPachin RM, LoPachin VR, Saubermann AJ. Effects of axotomy on distribution and concentration of elements in rat sciatic nerve. J Neurochem 1990; 54: 320-32.
    • (1990) J Neurochem , vol.54 , pp. 320-332
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    LoPachin, V.R.2    Saubermann, A.J.3
  • 48
    • 0030944883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of calcium entry during axon injury and degeneration
    • LoPachin RM, Lehning EJ. Mechanism of calcium entry during axon injury and degeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 143: 233-44.
    • (1997) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.143 , pp. 233-244
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    Lehning, E.J.2
  • 49
    • 0027526381 scopus 로고
    • Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China
    • McKhann GM, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, Ho TW, Li CY, Jiang Z, et al. Acute motor axonal neuropathy: a frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann Neurol 1993; 33: 333-42.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 333-342
    • McKhann, G.M.1    Cornblath, D.R.2    Griffin, J.W.3    Ho, T.W.4    Li, C.Y.5    Jiang, Z.6
  • 50
    • 0022569871 scopus 로고
    • Flecainide: A new antiarrhythmic drug
    • Mueller RA, Baur HR. Flecainide: a new antiarrhythmic drug. Clin Cardiol 1986; 9: 1-5.
    • (1986) Clin Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 1-5
    • Mueller, R.A.1    Baur, H.R.2
  • 51
    • 0033982867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential block of late sodium current in the LQT3 DeltaKPQ mutant by the class I(C) antiarrhythmic flecainide
    • Nagatomo T, January CT, Makielski JC. Preferential block of late sodium current in the LQT3 DeltaKPQ mutant by the class I(C) antiarrhythmic flecainide. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57: 101-7.
    • (2000) Mol Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 101-107
    • Nagatomo, T.1    January, C.T.2    Makielski, J.C.3
  • 52
    • 0028294496 scopus 로고
    • Sodium-selective channels in membranes of rat macrophages
    • Negulyaev YA, Vedernikova EA. Sodium-selective channels in membranes of rat macrophages. J Membr Biol 1994; 138: 37-45.
    • (1994) J Membr Biol , vol.138 , pp. 37-45
    • Negulyaev, Y.A.1    Vedernikova, E.A.2
  • 53
    • 0031835785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption and reorganization of sodium channels in experimental allergic neuritis
    • Novakovic SD, Levinson SR, Schachner M, Shrager P. Disruption and reorganization of sodium channels in experimental allergic neuritis. Muscle Nerve 1998; 21: 1019-32.
    • (1998) Muscle Nerve , vol.21 , pp. 1019-1032
    • Novakovic, S.D.1    Levinson, S.R.2    Schachner, M.3    Shrager, P.4
  • 54
    • 0030667948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel beta subunit gene in human B lymphocytes
    • Oh Y, Warnock DG. Expression of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel beta subunit gene in human B lymphocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997; 8: 126-9.
    • (1997) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.8 , pp. 126-129
    • Oh, Y.1    Warnock, D.G.2
  • 55
    • 0024365606 scopus 로고
    • Ligand and voltage gated sodium channels may regulate electrogenic pump activity in human, mouse and rat lymphocytes
    • Pieri C, Recchioni R, Moroni F, Balkay L, Marian T, Tron L, et al. Ligand and voltage gated sodium channels may regulate electrogenic pump activity in human, mouse and rat lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 160: 999-1002.
    • (1989) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.160 , pp. 999-1002
    • Pieri, C.1    Recchioni, R.2    Moroni, F.3    Balkay, L.4    Marian, T.5    Tron, L.6
  • 56
    • 0030053348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The axon in Guillain-Barré syndrome: Immune target or innocent bystander?
    • Powell HC, Myers RR. The axon in Guillain-Barré syndrome: immune target or innocent bystander? Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 4-5.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 4-5
    • Powell, H.C.1    Myers, R.R.2
  • 57
    • 0025999734 scopus 로고
    • Response of the axon and barrier endothelium to experimental allergic neuritis induced by autoreactive T cell lines
    • Powell HC, Myers RR, Mizisin AP, Olee T, Brostoff SW. Response of the axon and barrier endothelium to experimental allergic neuritis induced by autoreactive T cell lines. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1991; 82: 364-77.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.82 , pp. 364-377
    • Powell, H.C.1    Myers, R.R.2    Mizisin, A.P.3    Olee, T.4    Brostoff, S.W.5
  • 59
    • 0029130631 scopus 로고
    • Vascular changes and demyelination induced by the intraneural injection of tumour necrosis factor
    • Redford EJ, Hall SM, Smith KJ. Vascular changes and demyelination induced by the intraneural injection of tumour necrosis factor. Brain 1995; 118: 869-78.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 869-878
    • Redford, E.J.1    Hall, S.M.2    Smith, K.J.3
  • 63
    • 0033556582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive symptoms in multiple sclerosis: Their treatment with sodium channel blockers, lidocaine and mexiletine
    • Sakurai M, Kanazawa I. Positive symptoms in multiple sclerosis: their treatment with sodium channel blockers, lidocaine and mexiletine. J Neurol Sci 1999; 162: 162-8.
    • (1999) J Neurol Sci , vol.162 , pp. 162-168
    • Sakurai, M.1    Kanazawa, I.2
  • 64
    • 0026455066 scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine unmasks silent demyelinative lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • Sakurai M, Mannen T, Kanazawa I, Tanabe H. Lidocaine unmasks silent demyelinative lesions in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1992; 42: 2088-93.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 2088-2093
    • Sakurai, M.1    Mannen, T.2    Kanazawa, I.3    Tanabe, H.4
  • 65
    • 0028879372 scopus 로고
    • +)-ATPase activity from porcine cerebral cortex by NO generating drugs
    • +)-ATPase activity from porcine cerebral cortex by NO generating drugs. Brain Res 1995; 704: 117-20.
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.704 , pp. 117-120
    • Sato, T.1    Kamata, Y.2    Irifune, M.3    Nishikawa, T.4
  • 66
    • 0029927876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory infiltrates in sural nerve biopsies in Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy
    • Schmidt B, Toyka KV, Kiefer R, Full J, Hartung HP, Pollard J. Inflammatory infiltrates in sural nerve biopsies in Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 1996; 19: 474-87.
    • (1996) Muscle Nerve , vol.19 , pp. 474-487
    • Schmidt, B.1    Toyka, K.V.2    Kiefer, R.3    Full, J.4    Hartung, H.P.5    Pollard, J.6
  • 67
    • 0030857906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin
    • Segal MM, Douglas AF. Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin. J Neurophysiol 1997; 77: 3021-34.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 3021-3034
    • Segal, M.M.1    Douglas, A.F.2
  • 68
    • 0021969630 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels in mammalian cultured Schwann cells
    • Shrager P, Chiu SY, Ritchie JM. Voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels in mammalian cultured Schwann cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 948-52.
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.82 , pp. 948-952
    • Shrager, P.1    Chiu, S.Y.2    Ritchie, J.M.3
  • 69
    • 0033615464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: The mechanisms underlying the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease
    • Smith KJ, McDonald WI. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: the mechanisms underlying the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999; 354: 1649-73.
    • (1999) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.354 , pp. 1649-1673
    • Smith, K.J.1    McDonald, W.I.2
  • 70
    • 0020040884 scopus 로고
    • Saltatory conduction precedes remyelination in axons demyelinated with lysophosphatidyl choline
    • Smith KJ, Bostock H, Hall SM. Saltatory conduction precedes remyelination in axons demyelinated with lysophosphatidyl choline. J Neurol Sci 1982; 54: 13-31.
    • (1982) J Neurol Sci , vol.54 , pp. 13-31
    • Smith, K.J.1    Bostock, H.2    Hall, S.M.3
  • 71
    • 0035067635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrically active axons degenerate when exposed to nitric oxide
    • Smith KJ, Kapoor R, Hall SM, Davies M. Electrically active axons degenerate when exposed to nitric oxide. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 470-6.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 470-476
    • Smith, K.J.1    Kapoor, R.2    Hall, S.M.3    Davies, M.4
  • 72
    • 0031985806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anoxic and ischemic injury of myelinated axons in CNS white matter: From mechanistic concepts to therapeutics
    • Stys PK. Anoxic and ischemic injury of myelinated axons in CNS white matter: from mechanistic concepts to therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 2-25.
    • (1998) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.18 , pp. 2-25
    • Stys, P.K.1
  • 73
    • 0025925116 scopus 로고
    • 2+ influx during anoxia in mammalian central nervous system white matter
    • 2+ influx during anoxia in mammalian central nervous system white matter. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 375-80.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 375-380
    • Stys, P.K.1    Waxman, S.G.2    Ransom, B.R.3
  • 75
    • 0042933787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological changes in demyelinating and axonal forms of acute experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat
    • Taylor JM, Pollard JD. Neurophysiological changes in demyelinating and axonal forms of acute experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat. Muscle Nerve 2003; 28: 344-52.
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.28 , pp. 344-352
    • Taylor, J.M.1    Pollard, J.D.2
  • 76
    • 0034995559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance of autoreactive T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity or antibody-mediated demyelination results in distinct forms of experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat
    • Taylor JM, Pollard JD. Dominance of autoreactive T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity or antibody-mediated demyelination results in distinct forms of experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001; 60: 637-46.
    • (2001) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 637-646
    • Taylor, J.M.1    Pollard, J.D.2
  • 77
    • 12644288297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of PN1, a predominant voltage-dependent sodium channel expressed principally in peripheral neurons
    • Toledo-Aral JJ, Moss BL, He ZJ, Koszowski AG, Whisenand T, Levinson SR, et al. Identification of PN1, a predominant voltage-dependent sodium channel expressed principally in peripheral neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 1527-32.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 1527-1532
    • Toledo-Aral, J.J.1    Moss, B.L.2    He, Z.J.3    Koszowski, A.G.4    Whisenand, T.5    Levinson, S.R.6
  • 79
    • 0025499369 scopus 로고
    • Ion channels in axon and Schwann cell membranes at paranodes of mammalian myelinated fibres studied with patch clamp
    • Wilson GF, Chiu SY. Ion channels in axon and Schwann cell membranes at paranodes of mammalian myelinated fibres studied with patch clamp. J Neurosci 1990; 10: 3263-74.
    • (1990) J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 3263-3274
    • Wilson, G.F.1    Chiu, S.Y.2
  • 80
    • 0036837818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENaC plays a role in regulated antibody secretion by hybridomas
    • Zhou ZH, Bubien JK. ENaC plays a role in regulated antibody secretion by hybridomas. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 283: C1480-91.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.283
    • Zhou, Z.H.1    Bubien, J.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.