메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 615-623

Distinctive brain correlates in conscious and unconscious learning: an approach based on sequence learning;Correlatos cerebrales distintivos del aprendizaje consciente e inconsciente: Una aproximación desde el aprendizaje de secuencias

Author keywords

Anterior cingulate; Cerebellum; Consciousness; Hippocampus; Implicit learning; Procedural memory; Sequence learning

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN FUNCTION; CEREBELLUM; CINGULATE GYRUS; CONSCIOUSNESS; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; LEARNING; LEARNING TEST; MOTOR CORTEX; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROIMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 37349019396     PISSN: 02100010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.33588/rn.4510.2006241     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1)

References (79)
  • 2
    • 0003109533 scopus 로고
    • Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures
    • Nissen MJ, Bullemer P. Attentional requirements of learning: evidence from performance measures. Cognit Psychol 1987; 19: 1-32.
    • (1987) Cognit Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 1-32
    • Nissen, M.J.1    Bullemer, P.2
  • 3
    • 0030742376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher-order associative learning in amnesia: Evidence from the serial reaction time task
    • Curran T. Higher-order associative learning in amnesia: evidence from the serial reaction time task. J Cogn Neurosci 1997; 9: 522-33.
    • (1997) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 522-533
    • Curran, T.1
  • 4
    • 0035381075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure
    • Destrebecqz A, Cleeremans A. Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure. Psychon Bull Rev 2001; 8:343-50.
    • (2001) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.8 , pp. 343-350
    • Destrebecqz, A.1    Cleeremans, A.2
  • 5
    • 0027487052 scopus 로고
    • Implicit serial learning. Questions inspired by Hebb (1961)
    • Stadler MA. Implicit serial learning. Questions inspired by Hebb (1961). Mem Cognit 1993; 21: 819-27.
    • (1993) Mem Cognit , vol.21 , pp. 819-827
    • Stadler, M.A.1
  • 6
    • 34248802064 scopus 로고
    • Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure
    • Reed J, Johnson P. Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: determining what is learned about sequence structure. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1994; 20: 585-94.
    • (1994) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.20 , pp. 585-594
    • Reed, J.1    Johnson, P.2
  • 8
    • 0030950252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness
    • Berns GS, Cohen JD, Mintun MA. Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness. Science 1997; 276: 1272-5.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1272-1275
    • Berns, G.S.1    Cohen, J.D.2    Mintun, M.A.3
  • 10
    • 0033484919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which attention is needed for implicit sequence learning?
    • Jiménez L, Méndez C. Which attention is needed for implicit sequence learning? J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1999; 25: 236-59.
    • (1999) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.25 , pp. 236-259
    • Jiménez, L.1    Méndez, C.2
  • 11
    • 33749613178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problem of reversals in assessing implicit sequence learning with serial reaction time tasks
    • Vaquero JMM, Jiménez L, Lupiáñez J. The problem of reversals in assessing implicit sequence learning with serial reaction time tasks. Exp Brain Res 2006; 175: 97-109.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 97-109
    • Vaquero, J.M.M.1    Jiménez, L.2    Lupiáñez, J.3
  • 13
    • 0032478637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classical conditioning and brain systems: The role of awareness
    • Clark RE, Squire LR. Classical conditioning and brain systems: the role of awareness. Science 1998; 280: 77-81.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 77-81
    • Clark, R.E.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 14
    • 38249010394 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to nonverbal contingencies. Do limited processing resources affect operant conditioning in humans?
    • Svartdal F. Sensitivity to nonverbal contingencies. Do limited processing resources affect operant conditioning in humans? Learn Motiv 1992; 23: 383-405.
    • (1992) Learn Motiv , vol.23 , pp. 383-405
    • Svartdal, F.1
  • 15
    • 0028389896 scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning
    • Seger C. Implicit learning. Psychol Bull 1994; 115: 163-96.
    • (1994) Psychol Bull , vol.115 , pp. 163-196
    • Seger, C.1
  • 17
    • 0036362251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications
    • Lovibond PF, Shanks DR. The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 2002; 28: 3-26.
    • (2002) J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process , vol.28 , pp. 3-26
    • Lovibond, P.F.1    Shanks, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 0001662397 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dissociable learning systems
    • Shanks DR, St John MF. Characteristics of dissociable learning systems. Behav Brain Sci 1994; 17: 367-447.
    • (1994) Behav Brain Sci , vol.17 , pp. 367-447
    • Shanks, D.R.1    St John, M.F.2
  • 20
    • 0028807782 scopus 로고
    • Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans
    • Grafton ST, Hazeltine E, Ivry R. Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans. J Cogn Neurosci 1995; 7: 497-510.
    • (1995) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 497-510
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 21
    • 0032533324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET
    • Grafton ST, Hazeltine E, Ivry R. Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 9420-8.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 9420-9428
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 22
    • 0031048408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and stimulus characteristics determine the locus of motor-sequence encoding: A PET study
    • Hazeltine E, Grafton ST, Ivry R. Attention and stimulus characteristics determine the locus of motor-sequence encoding: a PET study. Brain 1997; 120: 123-40.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 123-140
    • Hazeltine, E.1    Grafton, S.T.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 23
    • 0030925112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal recruitment during an implicit sequence learning task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Rauch SL, Whalen PJ, Savage CR, Curran T, Kendrick A, Brauwn HD, et al. Striatal recruitment during an implicit sequence learning task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 1997; 5: 124-32.
    • (1997) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.5 , pp. 124-132
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Whalen, P.J.2    Savage, C.R.3    Curran, T.4    Kendrick, A.5    Brauwn, H.D.6
  • 24
    • 0037468806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning
    • Schendan HE, Searl MM, Melrose RJ, Stern CE. An fMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning. Neuron 2003; 37: 1013-25.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 1013-1025
    • Schendan, H.E.1    Searl, M.M.2    Melrose, R.J.3    Stern, C.E.4
  • 25
    • 0036712368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct comparison of neural systems mediating conscious and unconscious skill learning
    • Willingham DB, Salidis J, Gabrieli JD. Direct comparison of neural systems mediating conscious and unconscious skill learning. J Neurophysiol 2002; 88: 1451-60.
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.88 , pp. 1451-1460
    • Willingham, D.B.1    Salidis, J.2    Gabrieli, J.D.3
  • 26
    • 0037210495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learning
    • Doyon J, Penhune V, Ungerleider, L. Distinct contribution of the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems to motor skill learning. Neuropsychologia 2003; 41: 252-62.
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 252-262
    • Doyon, J.1    Penhune, V.2    Ungerleider, L.3
  • 27
    • 0031736616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic cortical involvement in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning: A PET study
    • Honda M, Dieber MP, Ibáñez V, Pascual-Leone A, Zhuang P, Hallet M. Dynamic cortical involvement in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning: a PET study. Brain 1998; 121: 2159-73.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 2159-2173
    • Honda, M.1    Dieber, M.P.2    Ibáñez, V.3    Pascual-Leone, A.4    Zhuang, P.5    Hallet, M.6
  • 29
    • 0038618950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation
    • Keele SW, Ivry R, Mayr U, Hazeltine E, Heuer H. The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation. Psychol Rev 2003; 110: 316-39.
    • (2003) Psychol Rev , vol.110 , pp. 316-339
    • Keele, S.W.1    Ivry, R.2    Mayr, U.3    Hazeltine, E.4    Heuer, H.5
  • 31
    • 25844525744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural correlates of implicit and explicit sequence learning: Interacting networks revealed by the process dissociation procedure
    • Destrebecqz A, Peigneux P, Laureys S, Degueldre C, Del Fiore G, Aerts J, et al. The neural correlates of implicit and explicit sequence learning: interacting networks revealed by the process dissociation procedure. Learn Mem 2005; 12: 480-90.
    • (2005) Learn Mem , vol.12 , pp. 480-490
    • Destrebecqz, A.1    Peigneux, P.2    Laureys, S.3    Degueldre, C.4    Del Fiore, G.5    Aerts, J.6
  • 32
    • 12344321790 scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of procedural motor learning: Relating cerebral blood flow with individual subject performance
    • Grafton ST, Woods RP, Mike T. Functional imaging of procedural motor learning: relating cerebral blood flow with individual subject performance. Hum Brain Mapp 1994; 1: 221-34.
    • (1994) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.1 , pp. 221-234
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Woods, R.P.2    Mike, T.3
  • 34
    • 0030910639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jueptner M, Stephan KM, Frith CD, Brooks DJ, Frackowiak RS, Passingham RE. Anatomy of motor learning. Part I. Frontal cortex and attention to action. J Neurophysiol 1997; 77: 1313-24.
    • Jueptner M, Stephan KM, Frith CD, Brooks DJ, Frackowiak RS, Passingham RE. Anatomy of motor learning. Part I. Frontal cortex and attention to action. J Neurophysiol 1997; 77: 1313-24.
  • 35
    • 0033868660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A striatum forever, despite sequence learning variability. A random effect analysis of PET data
    • Peigneux P, Maquet P, Meulemans T, Destrebecqz A, Laureys C, Degueldre C, et al. A striatum forever, despite sequence learning variability. A random effect analysis of PET data. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 10: 179-94.
    • (2000) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.10 , pp. 179-194
    • Peigneux, P.1    Maquet, P.2    Meulemans, T.3    Destrebecqz, A.4    Laureys, C.5    Degueldre, C.6
  • 36
    • 28744432799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural structures that support sequence learning
    • Jiménez L, ed, Amsterdam: John Benjamins;
    • Hazeltine E. Ivry R. Neural structures that support sequence learning. In Jiménez L, ed. Attention and implicit learning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2003. p. 71-107.
    • (2003) Attention and implicit learning , pp. 71-107
    • Hazeltine, E.1    Ivry, R.2
  • 37
    • 0029983033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of visuomotor skill learning in human subjects examined with positron emission tomography
    • Doyon J, Owen AM, Petrides M, Sziklas V, Evans AC. Functional anatomy of visuomotor skill learning in human subjects examined with positron emission tomography. Eur J Neurosci 1996; 8: 637-48.
    • (1996) Eur J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 637-648
    • Doyon, J.1    Owen, A.M.2    Petrides, M.3    Sziklas, V.4    Evans, A.C.5
  • 39
    • 0036386204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor sequence learning with a nondominant left hand: A PET functional imaging study
    • Grafton ST, Hazeltine E, Ivry R. Motor sequence learning with a nondominant left hand: a PET functional imaging study. Exp Brain Res 2002; 146: 369-78.
    • (2002) Exp Brain Res , vol.146 , pp. 369-378
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 40
    • 0344824598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal sequence learning in patients with Parkinson's disease or cerebellar lesions
    • Shin JC, Ivry RB. Spatial and temporal sequence learning in patients with Parkinson's disease or cerebellar lesions. J Cogn Neurosci 2003; 15: 1232-43.
    • (2003) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 1232-1243
    • Shin, J.C.1    Ivry, R.B.2
  • 41
    • 18144423490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit associative learning engages the hippocampus and interacts with explicit associative learning
    • Degonda N, Mondodari CRA, Bosshardt S, Schmidt C, Boesiger P, Nitsch RM, et al. Implicit associative learning engages the hippocampus and interacts with explicit associative learning. Neuron 2005; 46: 505-20.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.46 , pp. 505-520
    • Degonda, N.1    Mondodari, C.R.A.2    Bosshardt, S.3    Schmidt, C.4    Boesiger, P.5    Nitsch, R.M.6
  • 42
    • 0034625673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control
    • MacDonald AW III, Cohen JD, Stenger VA, Carter CS. Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science 2000; 288: 1835-8.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1835-1838
    • MacDonald III, A.W.1    Cohen, J.D.2    Stenger, V.A.3    Carter, C.S.4
  • 43
    • 0033551350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition
    • Koechlin E, Basso G, Pietrini P, Panzer S, Grafman J. The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature 1999; 399: 148-51.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 148-151
    • Koechlin, E.1    Basso, G.2    Pietrini, P.3    Panzer, S.4    Grafman, J.5
  • 44
    • 0033941595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frontopolar cortex and human cognition: Evidence for a rostrocaudal hierarchical organization within the human prefrontal cortex
    • Christoff K, Gabrieli JDE. The frontopolar cortex and human cognition: evidence for a rostrocaudal hierarchical organization within the human prefrontal cortex. Psychobiology 2000; 28: 168-86.
    • (2000) Psychobiology , vol.28 , pp. 168-186
    • Christoff, K.1    Gabrieli, J.D.E.2
  • 45
  • 46
  • 47
    • 33244474205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between encoding and retrieval in the domain of sequence learning
    • Perlman A, Tzelgov J. Interactions between encoding and retrieval in the domain of sequence learning. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2006; 32: 118-30.
    • (2006) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.32 , pp. 118-130
    • Perlman, A.1    Tzelgov, J.2
  • 48
    • 0022100186 scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects
    • Graf P, Schacter DL, Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1985; 11: 501-18.
    • (1985) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.11 , pp. 501-518
    • Graf, P.1    Schacter, D.L.2
  • 49
    • 0024549206 scopus 로고
    • Explicit and implicit remembering: When is learning preserved in amnesia?
    • Nissen MJ, Willingham D, Hartamn M. Explicit and implicit remembering: when is learning preserved in amnesia? Neuropsychologia 1989; 27: 341-52.
    • (1989) Neuropsychologia , vol.27 , pp. 341-352
    • Nissen, M.J.1    Willingham, D.2    Hartamn, M.3
  • 50
    • 0031920432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encapsulation of implicit and explicit memory in sequence learning
    • Reber PJ, Squire LR. Encapsulation of implicit and explicit memory in sequence learning. J Cogn Neurosci 1998; 10: 248-63.
    • (1998) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 248-263
    • Reber, P.J.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 51
    • 0033056723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Evidence from functional neuroimaging studies
    • Cohen NJ, Ryan J, Hunt C, Romine L, Wszalek T, Nash C. The hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: evidence from functional neuroimaging studies. Hippocampus 1999; 9: 83-98.
    • (1999) Hippocampus , vol.9 , pp. 83-98
    • Cohen, N.J.1    Ryan, J.2    Hunt, C.3    Romine, L.4    Wszalek, T.5    Nash, C.6
  • 52
    • 0034303613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory
    • Eichenbaum H. A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 2000; 1: 41-50.
    • (2000) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 41-50
    • Eichenbaum, H.1
  • 53
    • 33745253740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can amnesic patients learn without awareness? New evidence comparing deterministic and probabilistic sequence learning
    • Vandenberghe M, Schmidt N, Fery P, Cleeremans A. Can amnesic patients learn without awareness? New evidence comparing deterministic and probabilistic sequence learning. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44: 1629-41.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 1629-1641
    • Vandenberghe, M.1    Schmidt, N.2    Fery, P.3    Cleeremans, A.4
  • 54
    • 0033360305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory deficit for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage
    • Chun MM, Phelps EA. Memory deficit for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2: 844-7.
    • (1999) Nat Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 844-847
    • Chun, M.M.1    Phelps, E.A.2
  • 56
    • 0029069261 scopus 로고
    • Serial reaction time learning and Parkinson's disease: Evidence for a procedural learning deficit
    • Jackson GM, Jackson SR, Harrison J, Henderson L, Kennard CR. Serial reaction time learning and Parkinson's disease: evidence for a procedural learning deficit. Neuropsychology 1995; 33: 577-93.
    • (1995) Neuropsychology , vol.33 , pp. 577-593
    • Jackson, G.M.1    Jackson, S.R.2    Harrison, J.3    Henderson, L.4    Kennard, C.R.5
  • 58
    • 5444235761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired higher order implicit sequence learning on the verbal version of the serial reaction time task in patients with Parkinson's. disease
    • Smith JG, McDowall J. Impaired higher order implicit sequence learning on the verbal version of the serial reaction time task in patients with Parkinson's. disease. Neuropsychology 2004; 18: 679-91.
    • (2004) Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 679-691
    • Smith, J.G.1    McDowall, J.2
  • 59
    • 0031764428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning and Parkinson disease: Evidence from a verbal version of the serial reaction time task
    • Westwater H, McDowall J, Siegert, R, Mossman S, Abernethy D. Implicit learning and Parkinson disease: evidence from a verbal version of the serial reaction time task. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1998; 20: 413-8.
    • (1998) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.20 , pp. 413-418
    • Westwater, H.1    McDowall, J.2    Siegert, R.3    Mossman, S.4    Abernethy, D.5
  • 60
    • 33846924103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The striatum and probabilistic implicit sequence learning
    • Wilkinson L, Jahanshahi M. The striatum and probabilistic implicit sequence learning. Brain Res 2007; 1137: 117-30.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1137 , pp. 117-130
    • Wilkinson, L.1    Jahanshahi, M.2
  • 61
    • 0035039273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved implicit learning on both serial reaction time task and artificial grammar in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Smith JG, Siegert RJ, McDowall J, Abernethy D. Preserved implicit learning on both serial reaction time task and artificial grammar in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 2001; 45: 378-91.
    • (2001) Brain Cogn , vol.45 , pp. 378-391
    • Smith, J.G.1    Siegert, R.J.2    McDowall, J.3    Abernethy, D.4
  • 62
    • 18844417163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional sequence learning in patients with focal basal ganglia lesions
    • Shin JC, Aparicio P, Ivry RB. Multidimensional sequence learning in patients with focal basal ganglia lesions. Brain Cogn 2005; 58: 75-83.
    • (2005) Brain Cogn , vol.58 , pp. 75-83
    • Shin, J.C.1    Aparicio, P.2    Ivry, R.B.3
  • 63
    • 0025727341 scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from a serial reaction time task
    • Knopman DS, Nissen MJ. Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: evidence from a serial reaction time task. Neuropsychologia 1991; 29: 245-54.
    • (1991) Neuropsychologia , vol.29 , pp. 245-254
    • Knopman, D.S.1    Nissen, M.J.2
  • 64
    • 0027301298 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for dissociable motor skills in Huntington's disease patients
    • Willingham DB, Koroshetz WT. Evidence for dissociable motor skills in Huntington's disease patients. Psychobiology 1993; 21: 173-82.
    • (1993) Psychobiology , vol.21 , pp. 173-182
    • Willingham, D.B.1    Koroshetz, W.T.2
  • 65
    • 0035164479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between intentional and incidental sequence learning in Huntington's disease
    • Brown RG, Redondo-Verge L, Chacón JR, Lucas ML, Channon S. Dissociation between intentional and incidental sequence learning in Huntington's disease. Brain 2001; 124: 188-202.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 188-202
    • Brown, R.G.1    Redondo-Verge, L.2    Chacón, J.R.3    Lucas, M.L.4    Channon, S.5
  • 67
    • 0034963754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during sequence learning is specific for spatial information
    • Robertson EM, Tormos JM, Maeda F, Pascual-Leone A. The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during sequence learning is specific for spatial information. Cereb Cortex 2001; 11: 628-35.
    • (2001) Cereb Cortex , vol.11 , pp. 628-635
    • Robertson, E.M.1    Tormos, J.M.2    Maeda, F.3    Pascual-Leone, A.4
  • 68
    • 0030061493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired procedural learning after damage to the left supplementary motor area (SMA)
    • Ackermann H, Daum I, Schugens MM, Grodd W. Impaired procedural learning after damage to the left supplementary motor area (SMA). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60: 94-7.
    • (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 94-97
    • Ackermann, H.1    Daum, I.2    Schugens, M.M.3    Grodd, W.4
  • 69
    • 0030817886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellum and procedural learning: Evidence from focal cerebellar lesions
    • Molinari M, Leggio MG, Solida A, Ciorra R, Misciagna S, Silveri M, et al. Cerebellum and procedural learning: evidence from focal cerebellar lesions. Brain 1997; 120: 1753-62.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 1753-1762
    • Molinari, M.1    Leggio, M.G.2    Solida, A.3    Ciorra, R.4    Misciagna, S.5    Silveri, M.6
  • 70
    • 0032916025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit motor sequence learning is not purely perceptual
    • Willingham DB. Implicit motor sequence learning is not purely perceptual. Mem Cognit 1999; 27: 561-72.
    • (1999) Mem Cognit , vol.27 , pp. 561-572
    • Willingham, D.B.1
  • 71
    • 0024761917 scopus 로고
    • On learning complex procedural knowledge
    • Stadler MA. On learning complex procedural knowledge. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1989; 15: 1061-9.
    • (1989) J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn , vol.15 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Stadler, M.A.1
  • 74
    • 15544371626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector dependent sequence learning in the serial RT task
    • Verwey W, Clegg BA. Effector dependent sequence learning in the serial RT task. Psychol Res 2005; 69: 242-51.
    • (2005) Psychol Res , vol.69 , pp. 242-251
    • Verwey, W.1    Clegg, B.A.2
  • 77
    • 0031931935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computational model of how the basal ganglia produce sequence
    • Berns GS, Sejnowski, TJ. A computational model of how the basal ganglia produce sequence. J Cogn Neurosci 1998; 10: 108-21.
    • (1998) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 108-121
    • Berns, G.S.1    Sejnowski, T.J.2
  • 78
    • 0030626046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar timing systems
    • Ivry R. Cerebellar timing systems. Int Rev Neurobiol 1997; 41: 555-73.
    • (1997) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.41 , pp. 555-573
    • Ivry, R.1
  • 79
    • 84858489380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bower JM, Parson LM. Reconsideración del cerebelo. Investigación y Ciencia 2003; 325: 21-7.
    • Bower JM, Parson LM. Reconsideración del cerebelo. Investigación y Ciencia 2003; 325: 21-7.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.